DOCSLIB.ORG

Antiseptics and Disinfectants for the Treatment Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Verstraelen et al. BMC Infectious Diseases 2012, 12:148 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/12/148 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Antiseptics and disinfectants for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis: A systematic review Hans Verstraelen1*, Rita Verhelst2, Kristien Roelens1 and Marleen Temmerman1,2 Abstract Background: The study objective was to assess the available data on efficacy and tolerability of antiseptics and disinfectants in treating bacterial vaginosis (BV). Methods: A systematic search was conducted by consulting PubMed (1966-2010), CINAHL (1982-2010), IPA (1970- 2010), and the Cochrane CENTRAL databases. Clinical trials were searched for by the generic names of all antiseptics and disinfectants listed in the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System under the code D08A. Clinical trials were considered eligible if the efficacy of antiseptics and disinfectants in the treatment of BV was assessed in comparison to placebo or standard antibiotic treatment with metronidazole or clindamycin and if diagnosis of BV relied on standard criteria such as Amsel’s and Nugent’s criteria. Results: A total of 262 articles were found, of which 15 reports on clinical trials were assessed. Of these, four randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were withheld from analysis. Reasons for exclusion were primarily the lack of standard criteria to diagnose BV or to assess cure, and control treatment not involving placebo or standard antibiotic treatment. Risk of bias for the included studies was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias. Three studies showed non-inferiority of chlorhexidine and polyhexamethylene biguanide compared to metronidazole or clindamycin. One RCT found that a single vaginal douche with hydrogen peroxide was slightly, though significantly less effective than a single oral dose of metronidazole. Conclusion: The use of antiseptics and disinfectants for the treatment of BV has been poorly studied and most studies are somehow methodologically flawed. There is insufficient evidence at present to advocate the use of these agents, although some studies suggest that some antiseptics may have equal efficacy compared to clindamycin or metronidazole. Further study is warranted with special regard to the long-term efficacy and safety of antiseptics and disinfectants for vaginal use. Keywords: Bacterial vaginosis, Antiseptics, Disinfectants, Therapy, Systematic review, Chlorhexidine, Polyhexamethylene biguanide, Hydrogen peroxide Background association with ascending genital tract infection and Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a condition characterised by with sexually transmitted infections [2]. the partial loss of the indigenous vaginal lactobacilli Current recommendations by the Centres for Disease coupled with polymicrobial anaerobic overgrowth of the Control and Prevention (CDC) for the treatment of BV vaginal epithelium. Although BV often remains asymp- basically involve antibiotic treatment with oral or intra- tomatic, it is one of the most common causes of vagin- vaginal metronidazole or clindamycin [3]. Although itis, and hence among the most common reasons for these treatment modes are associated with fairly good women to seek medical help [1] In recent years BV has short-term cure rates, they fail to prevent BV in at least further emerged as a global issue of concern due to its half of the cases in the long run [4]. Several alternative treatment approaches are therefore being (re)considered, including the use of antiseptics and disinfectants. * Correspondence: [email protected] 1Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Antiseptics have been used for over half a century in the Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium treatment of vaginal infections. Similar to antibiotics, Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © 2012 Verstraelen et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Verstraelen et al. BMC Infectious Diseases 2012, 12:148 Page 2 of 8 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/12/148 antiseptics facilitate the eradication of the anaerobic vagi- mercuric amidochloride, phenylmercuric borate, mercuric nal microbiota associated with bacterial vaginosis which chloride, mercurochrome, mercury, thiomersal, mercuric allows for the recolonisation of indigenous lactobacilli. iodide, phenylmercuric borate, silver nitrate, silver, hydro- Antiseptics generally have a very broad spectrum as they gen peroxide, eosin, propanol, tosylchloramide sodium, act non-specifically on bacteria through mechanisms such isopropanol, potassium permanganate, sodium hypochlor- as bacterial cell membrane disruption. In accordance, ite, and ethanol. there are very few reports on antimicrobial resistance to In addition we accounted for benzydamine which is these agents. Nonetheless, antiseptics and disinfectants listed under ATC code G02CC03 for “anti-inflammatory have become unpopular for the purpose of treating vaginal products for vaginal administration”, considering benzy- infections, presumably because they are often used as damine also has broad antimicrobial activity. over-the-counter (OTC) products associated with vaginal Only English-language studies were considered for re- douching, a common practice that has been associated view. Additional studies were searched for by checking with the occurrence of BV. In many countries, antiseptics cross-references cited in the primary studies. No efforts are still marketed for the treatment of vaginal infections, were made to identify unpublished studies. though their efficacy has not been supported by a sound evidence base. We therefore sought to assess currently Types of studies available data on the efficacy and tolerability of antiseptics Reports were considered eligible if they involved clinical and disinfectants in the treatment of BV. Through a sys- trials in which the efficacy and tolerability of antiseptics tematic literature search, we identified and evaluated clin- and disinfectants in the treatment of BV was assessed in ical trials that compared antiseptic and/or disinfectant comparison to placebo or in comparison to standard treatment to either placebo or standard antibiotic treat- antibiotic treatment with metronidazole or clindamycin. ment in women of any age. Studies were considered eligible if at least 40 study participants had been enrolled for comparison between Methods the two treatment arms. Objectives The overall objective is to summarize currently available data (published up to December 31 2010) on the efficacy Types of participants and tolerability of antiseptics and disinfectants in the treat- Women of any age diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis ment of BV, thereby accounting for the quality of the clin- through standardized criteria like Amsel’s or Nugent ical trials identified through a systematic literature search. criteria [5,6]. No study was excluded because of (pos- sible) co-infection with sexually transmitted infections. Search strategy An electronic search was conducted by consulting the Types of intervention following databases: PubMed (1966-2010), CINAHL We confined our review to antiseptics and disinfectants for (1982-2010), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts which the dosage and treatment regimen was specified, and (IPA) database (1970-2010), and the Cochrane Central which are listed in the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Register of Controlled Trials. (ATC) Classification System under the code D08A (“anti- Clinical trials were searched for by use of the key words septics and disinfectants”). In addition we accounted for “bacterial vaginosis” and “non-specific vaginitis” in com- benzydamine which is listed under ATC code G02CC03 for bination with “disinfectant”, “antiseptic”, and subse- “anti-inflammatory products for vaginal administration”, quently with all generic names of antiseptics and considering benzydamine also has broad antimicrobial ac- disinfectants listed in the Anatomical Therapeutic Chem- tivity. Hence, we excluded any report in which any antisep- ical (ATC) Classification System under the code D08A tic product (e.g. herbal medicines) was used for which the (Antiseptics and disinfectants), i.e. ethacridine lactate, chemical composition and/or substance dose was not verifi- aminoacridine, euflavine, aluminium agents, dibrompro- able. Treatment with an antiseptic or disinfectant was con- pamidine, chlorhexidine, propamidine, hexamidine, poly- sidered in any preparation type, any dosage regimen, and hexanide, boric acid, hexachlorophene, policresulen, any route of administration. phenol, triclosan, chloroxylenol, biphenylol, nitrofural, iodine/octylphenoxypolyglycolether, povidone-iodine, iod- ine, diiodohydroxypropane, dequalinium, chlorquinaldol, Types of outcome measures oxyquinoline, clioquinol, benzalkonium, cetrimonium, The primary outcome was cure of bacterial vaginosis as cetylpyridinium, cetrimide, benzoxonium chloride, dide- assessed through use of the Amsel criteria or Nugent cyldimethylammonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, criteria at least 7 days following treatment initiation. octenidine, benzethonium chloride, dodeclonium bromide, Cure was defined as a Nugent score <7 or the presence Verstraelen et al. BMC Infectious Diseases
Recommended publications
  • Commission Decision of 8 February 2010 Concerning The

    Commission Decision of 8 February 2010 Concerning The

    L 36/36 EN Official Journal of the European Union 9.2.2010 COMMISSION DECISION of 8 February 2010 concerning the non-inclusion of certain substances in Annex I, IA or IB to Directive 98/8/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the placing of biocidal products on the market (notified under document C(2010) 751) (Text with EEA relevance) (2010/72/EU) THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION, concerned should therefore not be included in Annex I, IA or IB to Directive 98/8/EC. Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, (6) In the interest of legal certainty, biocidal products Having regard to Directive 98/8/EC of the European Parliament containing active substances for the product-types and of the Council of 16 February 1998 concerning the placing indicated in the Annex to this Decision should no of biocidal products on the market ( 1), and in particular the longer be placed on the market, with effect from a second subparagraph of Article 16(2) thereof, specific date. Whereas: (7) The measures provided for in this Decision are in accordance with the opinion of the Standing (1) Commission Regulation (EC) No 1451/2007 of Committee on Biocidal Products, 4 December 2007 on the second phase of the 10-year work programme referred to in Article 16(2) of Directive HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION: 98/8/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the placing of biocidal products on the Article 1 market ( 2) establishes a list of active substances to be assessed, with a view to their possible inclusion in The substances indicated in the Annex to this Decision shall not Annex I, IA or IB to Directive 98/8/EC.
  • The National Drugs List

    The National Drugs List

    ^ ^ ^ ^ ^[ ^ The National Drugs List Of Syrian Arab Republic Sexth Edition 2006 ! " # "$ % &'() " # * +$, -. / & 0 /+12 3 4" 5 "$ . "$ 67"5,) 0 " /! !2 4? @ % 88 9 3: " # "$ ;+<=2 – G# H H2 I) – 6( – 65 : A B C "5 : , D )* . J!* HK"3 H"$ T ) 4 B K<) +$ LMA N O 3 4P<B &Q / RS ) H< C4VH /430 / 1988 V W* < C A GQ ") 4V / 1000 / C4VH /820 / 2001 V XX K<# C ,V /500 / 1992 V "!X V /946 / 2004 V Z < C V /914 / 2003 V ) < ] +$, [2 / ,) @# @ S%Q2 J"= [ &<\ @ +$ LMA 1 O \ . S X '( ^ & M_ `AB @ &' 3 4" + @ V= 4 )\ " : N " # "$ 6 ) G" 3Q + a C G /<"B d3: C K7 e , fM 4 Q b"$ " < $\ c"7: 5) G . HHH3Q J # Hg ' V"h 6< G* H5 !" # $%" & $' ,* ( )* + 2 ا اوا ادو +% 5 j 2 i1 6 B J' 6<X " 6"[ i2 "$ "< * i3 10 6 i4 11 6! ^ i5 13 6<X "!# * i6 15 7 G!, 6 - k 24"$d dl ?K V *4V h 63[46 ' i8 19 Adl 20 "( 2 i9 20 G Q) 6 i10 20 a 6 m[, 6 i11 21 ?K V $n i12 21 "% * i13 23 b+ 6 i14 23 oe C * i15 24 !, 2 6\ i16 25 C V pq * i17 26 ( S 6) 1, ++ &"r i19 3 +% 27 G 6 ""% i19 28 ^ Ks 2 i20 31 % Ks 2 i21 32 s * i22 35 " " * i23 37 "$ * i24 38 6" i25 39 V t h Gu* v!* 2 i26 39 ( 2 i27 40 B w< Ks 2 i28 40 d C &"r i29 42 "' 6 i30 42 " * i31 42 ":< * i32 5 ./ 0" -33 4 : ANAESTHETICS $ 1 2 -1 :GENERAL ANAESTHETICS AND OXYGEN 4 $1 2 2- ATRACURIUM BESYLATE DROPERIDOL ETHER FENTANYL HALOTHANE ISOFLURANE KETAMINE HCL NITROUS OXIDE OXYGEN PROPOFOL REMIFENTANIL SEVOFLURANE SUFENTANIL THIOPENTAL :LOCAL ANAESTHETICS !67$1 2 -5 AMYLEINE HCL=AMYLOCAINE ARTICAINE BENZOCAINE BUPIVACAINE CINCHOCAINE LIDOCAINE MEPIVACAINE OXETHAZAINE PRAMOXINE PRILOCAINE PREOPERATIVE MEDICATION & SEDATION FOR 9*: ;< " 2 -8 : : SHORT -TERM PROCEDURES ATROPINE DIAZEPAM INJ.
  • Identification of Candidate Agents Active Against N. Ceranae Infection in Honey Bees: Establishment of a Medium Throughput Screening Assay Based on N

    Identification of Candidate Agents Active Against N. Ceranae Infection in Honey Bees: Establishment of a Medium Throughput Screening Assay Based on N

    RESEARCH ARTICLE Identification of Candidate Agents Active against N. ceranae Infection in Honey Bees: Establishment of a Medium Throughput Screening Assay Based on N. ceranae Infected Cultured Cells Sebastian Gisder, Elke Genersch* Institute for Bee Research, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Bee Diseases, Hohen Neuendorf, Germany * [email protected] Abstract OPEN ACCESS Many flowering plants in both natural ecosytems and agriculture are dependent on insect Citation: Gisder S, Genersch E (2015) Identification of Candidate Agents Active against N. ceranae pollination for fruit set and seed production. Managed honey bees (Apis mellifera) and wild Infection in Honey Bees: Establishment of a Medium bees are key pollinators providing this indispensable eco- and agrosystem service. Like all Throughput Screening Assay Based on N. ceranae other organisms, bees are attacked by numerous pathogens and parasites. Nosema apis is Infected Cultured Cells. PLoS ONE 10(2): e0117200. a honey bee pathogenic microsporidium which is widely distributed in honey bee popula- doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117200 tions without causing much harm. Its congener Nosema ceranae was originally described Academic Editor: Wolfgang Blenau, Goethe as pathogen of the Eastern honey bee (Apis cerana) but jumped host from A. cerana to A. University Frankfurt, GERMANY mellifera about 20 years ago and spilled over from A. mellifera to Bombus spp. quite recent- Received: October 8, 2014 ly. N. ceranae is now considered a deadly emerging parasite of both Western honey bees Accepted: December 20, 2014 and bumblebees. Hence, novel and sustainable treatment strategies against N. ceranae are Published: February 6, 2015 urgently needed to protect honey and wild bees.
  • Sterilization and Disinfection

    Sterilization and Disinfection

    Sterilization and Disinfection Sterilization is defined as the process where all the living microorganisms, including bacterial spores are killed. Sterilization can be achieved by physical, chemical and physiochemical means. Chemicals used as sterilizing agents are called chemisterilants. Disinfection is the process of elimination of most pathogenic microorganisms (excluding bacterial spores) on inanimate objects. Disinfection can be achieved by physical or chemical methods. Chemicals used in disinfection are called disinfectants. Different disinfectants have different target ranges, not all disinfectants can kill all microorganisms. Some methods of disinfection such as filtration do not kill bacteria, they separate them out. Sterilization is an absolute condition while disinfection is not. The two are not synonymous. Decontamination is the process of removal of contaminating pathogenic microorganisms from the articles by a process of sterilization or disinfection. It is the use of physical or chemical means to remove, inactivate, or destroy living organisms on a surface so that the organisms are no longer infectious. Sanitization is the process of chemical or mechanical cleansing, applicable in public health systems. Usually used by the food industry. It reduces microbes on eating utensils to safe, acceptable levels for public health. Asepsis is the employment of techniques (such as usage of gloves, air filters, uv rays etc) to achieve microbe-free environment. Antisepsis is the use of chemicals (antiseptics) to make skin or mucus membranes devoid of pathogenic microorganisms. Bacteriostasis is a condition where the multiplication of the bacteria is inhibited without killing them. Bactericidal is that chemical that can kill or inactivate bacteria. Such chemicals may be called variously depending on the spectrum of activity, such as bactericidal, virucidal, fungicidal, microbicidal, sporicidal, tuberculocidal or germicidal.
  • 4. Antibacterial/Steroid Combination Therapy in Infected Eczema

    4. Antibacterial/Steroid Combination Therapy in Infected Eczema

    Acta Derm Venereol 2008; Suppl 216: 28–34 4. Antibacterial/steroid combination therapy in infected eczema Anthony C. CHU Infection with Staphylococcus aureus is common in all present, the use of anti-staphylococcal agents with top- forms of eczema. Production of superantigens by S. aureus ical corticosteroids has been shown to produce greater increases skin inflammation in eczema; antibacterial clinical improvement than topical corticosteroids alone treatment is thus pivotal. Poor patient compliance is a (6, 7). These findings are in keeping with the demon- major cause of treatment failure; combination prepara- stration that S. aureus can be isolated from more than tions that contain an antibacterial and a topical steroid 90% of atopic eczema skin lesions (8); in one study, it and that work quickly can improve compliance and thus was isolated from 100% of lesional skin and 79% of treatment outcome. Fusidic acid has advantages over normal skin in patients with atopic eczema (9). other available topical antibacterial agents – neomycin, We observed similar rates of infection in a prospective gentamicin, clioquinol, chlortetracycline, and the anti- audit at the Hammersmith Hospital, in which all new fungal agent miconazole. The clinical efficacy, antibac- patients referred with atopic eczema were evaluated. In terial activity and cosmetic acceptability of fusidic acid/ a 2-month period, 30 patients were referred (22 children corticosteroid combinations are similar to or better than and 8 adults). The reason given by the primary health those of comparator combinations. Fusidic acid/steroid physician for referral in 29 was failure to respond to combinations work quickly with observable improvement prescribed treatment, and one patient was referred be- within the first week.
  • 1 Brief Report: the Virucidal Efficacy of Oral Rinse Components Against SARS-Cov-2 in Vitro Evelina Statkute1†, Anzelika Rubin

    1 Brief Report: the Virucidal Efficacy of Oral Rinse Components Against SARS-Cov-2 in Vitro Evelina Statkute1†, Anzelika Rubin

    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.13.381079; this version posted November 13, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. Brief Report: The Virucidal Efficacy of Oral Rinse Components Against SARS-CoV-2 In Vitro Evelina Statkute1†, Anzelika Rubina1†, Valerie B O’Donnell1, David W. Thomas2† Richard J. Stanton1† 1Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN 2Advanced Therapies Group, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK †These authors contributed equally * Correspondence: [email protected], [email protected] Running title: Virucidal Activity of Mouthwashes Keywords: SARS-CoV2, mouthwash, lipid, envelope Disclosure: Venture Life Group plc provided information on mouthwash formulations employed in the study, but had no role in funding, planning, execution, analysis or writing of this study. A separate study funded to Cardiff University by Venture Life Group is assessing in vivo efficacy of CPC in patients with COVID19. The investigators declare no direct conflicts exist. 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.13.381079; this version posted November 13, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license.
  • Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

    Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

    FACT SHEET: Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Quaternary ammonium compounds, also known as “quats” or “QACs,” include a number of chemicals used as sanitizers and disinfectants, including benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, cetalkonium chloride, cetrimide, cetrimonium bromide, cetylpyridinium chloride, glycidyl trimethyl, ammonium chloride, and stearalkonium chloride.[i] In general, quats cause toxic effects through all Mutagenicity routes of exposure including inhalation, Some quats have shown to be mutagenic and to ingestion, dermal application, and irrigation of damage animal DNA and DNA in human body cavities. Exposure to diluted solutions may lymphocytes at much lower levels than are result in mild irritation, while concentrated present in cleaning chemicals.[6] solutions are corrosive, causing burns to the skin and mucous Membranes. They can produce Antimicrobial Resistance systemic toxicity and can also cause allergic Genes have been discovered that mediate reactions.[2] resistance to quats. There has been an association of some of these genes with beta lactamase genes, Asthma and Allergies raising concern for a relationship between Of particular interest with regard to use as disinfectant resistance and antibiotic resistance.[7] disinfectants in the COVID-19 pandemic, quats increase the risk for asthma and allergic Reproductive Toxicity sensitization. Evidence from occupational Mice whose cages were cleaned with QACs had exposures shows increased risk of rhinitis and very low fertility rates. [8] Exposure to a common asthma
  • Tonsillopharyngitis - Acute (1 of 10)

    Tonsillopharyngitis - Acute (1 of 10)

    Tonsillopharyngitis - Acute (1 of 10) 1 Patient presents w/ sore throat 2 EVALUATION Yes EXPERT Are there signs of REFERRAL complication? No 3 4 EVALUATION Is Group A Beta-hemolytic Yes DIAGNOSIS Streptococcus (GABHS) • Rapid antigen detection test infection suspected? (RADT) • roat culture No TREATMENT EVALUATION No A Supportive management Is GABHS confi rmed? B Pharmacological therapy (Non-GABHS) Yes 5 TREATMENT A EVALUATE RESPONSEMIMS Supportive management TO THERAPY C Pharmacological therapy • Antibiotics Poor/No Good D Surgery, if recurrent or complicated response response REASSESS PATIENT COMPLETE THERAPY & REVIEW THE DIAGNOSIS© Not all products are available or approved for above use in all countries. Specifi c prescribing information may be found in the latest MIMS. B269 © MIMS Pediatrics 2020 Tonsillopharyngitis - Acute (2 of 10) 1 ACUTE TONSILLOPHARYNGITIS • Infl ammation of the tonsils & pharynx • Etiologies include bacterial (group A β-hemolytic streptococcus, Haemophilus infl uenzae, Fusobacterium sp, etc) & viral (infl uenza, adenovirus, coronavirus, rhinovirus, etc) pathogens • Sore throat is the most common presenting symptom in older children TONSILLOPHARYNGITIS 2 EVALUATION FOR COMPLICATIONS • Patients w/ sore throat may have deep neck infections including epiglottitis, peritonsillar or retropharyngeal abscess • Examine for signs of upper airway obstruction Signs & Symptoms of Sore roat w/ Complications • Trismus • Inability to swallow liquids • Increased salivation or drooling • Peritonsillar edema • Deviation of uvula
  • Classification of Medicinal Drugs and Driving: Co-Ordination and Synthesis Report

    Classification of Medicinal Drugs and Driving: Co-Ordination and Synthesis Report

    Project No. TREN-05-FP6TR-S07.61320-518404-DRUID DRUID Driving under the Influence of Drugs, Alcohol and Medicines Integrated Project 1.6. Sustainable Development, Global Change and Ecosystem 1.6.2: Sustainable Surface Transport 6th Framework Programme Deliverable 4.4.1 Classification of medicinal drugs and driving: Co-ordination and synthesis report. Due date of deliverable: 21.07.2011 Actual submission date: 21.07.2011 Revision date: 21.07.2011 Start date of project: 15.10.2006 Duration: 48 months Organisation name of lead contractor for this deliverable: UVA Revision 0.0 Project co-funded by the European Commission within the Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) Dissemination Level PU Public PP Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission x Services) RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services) CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services) DRUID 6th Framework Programme Deliverable D.4.4.1 Classification of medicinal drugs and driving: Co-ordination and synthesis report. Page 1 of 243 Classification of medicinal drugs and driving: Co-ordination and synthesis report. Authors Trinidad Gómez-Talegón, Inmaculada Fierro, M. Carmen Del Río, F. Javier Álvarez (UVa, University of Valladolid, Spain) Partners - Silvia Ravera, Susana Monteiro, Han de Gier (RUGPha, University of Groningen, the Netherlands) - Gertrude Van der Linden, Sara-Ann Legrand, Kristof Pil, Alain Verstraete (UGent, Ghent University, Belgium) - Michel Mallaret, Charles Mercier-Guyon, Isabelle Mercier-Guyon (UGren, University of Grenoble, Centre Regional de Pharmacovigilance, France) - Katerina Touliou (CERT-HIT, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Greece) - Michael Hei βing (BASt, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen, Germany).
  • Effect of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide in Combination with Undecylenamidopropyl Betaine Or Pslg on Biofilm Clearance

    Effect of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide in Combination with Undecylenamidopropyl Betaine Or Pslg on Biofilm Clearance

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Effect of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide in Combination with Undecylenamidopropyl Betaine or PslG on Biofilm Clearance Yaqian Zheng 1,2,†, Di Wang 1,† and Luyan Z. Ma 1,3,* 1 State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; [email protected] (Y.Z.); [email protected] (D.W.) 2 College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3 Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-10-64807437 † These authors have contributed equally to this work. Abstract: Hospital-acquired infection is a great challenge for clinical treatment due to pathogens’ biofilm formation and their antibiotic resistance. Here, we investigate the effect of antiseptic agent polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) and undecylenamidopropyl betaine (UB) against biofilms of four pathogens that are often found in hospitals, including Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, and pathogenic fungus, Candida albicans. We show that 0.02% PHMB, which is 10-fold lower than the concentration of commercial products, has a strong inhibitory effect on the growth, initial attachment, and biofilm formation of all tested pathogens. PHMB can also disrupt the preformed biofilms of these pathogens. In contrast, 0.1% UB exhibits a mild inhibitory effect on biofilm formation of the four pathogens. This concentration inhibits the growth of S. aureus and C. albicans yet has no growth effect on P. aeruginosa or E. coli. UB only slightly enhances the anti-biofilm efficacy of PHMB on P.
  • Clioquinol: Summary Report

    Clioquinol: Summary Report

    Clioquinol: Summary Report Item Type Report Authors Gianturco, Stephanie L.; Pavlech, Laura L.; Storm, Kathena D.; Yoon, SeJeong; Yuen, Melissa V.; Mattingly, Ashlee N. Publication Date 2020-01 Keywords Clioquinol; Compounding; Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, Section 503B; Food and Drug Administration; Outsourcing facility; Drug compounding; Legislation, Drug; United States Food and Drug Administration Rights Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Download date 24/09/2021 22:12:31 Item License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10713/12091 Summary Report Clioquinol Prepared for: Food and Drug Administration Clinical use of bulk drug substances nominated for inclusion on the 503B Bulks List Grant number: 2U01FD005946 Prepared by: University of Maryland Center of Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation (M-CERSI) University of Maryland School of Pharmacy January 2020 This report was supported by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) as part of a financial assistance award (U01FD005946) totaling $2,342,364, with 100 percent funded by the FDA/HHS. The contents are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of, nor an endorsement by, the FDA/HHS or the U.S. Government. 1 Table of Contents REVIEW OF NOMINATIONS ................................................................................................... 4 METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................................................
  • Report Name:Ukraine's Mrls for Veterinary Drugs

    Report Name:Ukraine's Mrls for Veterinary Drugs

    Voluntary Report – Voluntary - Public Distribution Date: November 05,2020 Report Number: UP2020-0051 Report Name: Ukraine's MRLs for Veterinary Drugs Country: Ukraine Post: Kyiv Report Category: FAIRS Subject Report Prepared By: Oleksandr Tarassevych Approved By: Robin Gray Report Highlights: Ukraine adopted several maximum residue levels (MRLs) for veterinary drugs, coccidiostats and histomonostats in food products of animal origin. Ukraine also adopted a list of drugs residues that are not allowed in food products. THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY The Office of Agricultural Affairs of USDA/Foreign Agricultural Service in Kyiv, Ukraine prepared this report for U.S. exporters of domestic food and agricultural products. While every possible care was taken in the preparation of this report, information provided may not be completely accurate either because policies have changed since the time this report was written, or because clear and consistent information about these policies was not available. It is highly recommended U.S. exporters verify the full set of import requirements with their foreign customers, who are normally best equipped to research such matters with local authorities, before any goods are shipped. This FAIRS Subject Report accompanies other reports on Maximum, Residue Limits established by Ukraine in 2020. Related reports could be found under the following links: 1.) Ukraine's MRLs for Microbiological Contaminants_Kyiv_Ukraine_04-27-2020 2.) Ukraine's MRLs for Certain Contaminants_Kyiv_Ukraine_03-06-2020 Food Products of animal origin and/or ingredients of animal origin are not permitted in the Ukrainian market if they contain certain veterinary drugs residues in excess of the maximum residue levels established in Tables 1 and 2.