World Debating Championships 1987

SPONSORED BY FURSTENBURG

The Literary & Historical Society Uachtaran na hEireann

President of Ireland

Baile Atha Cliath 8

Dublin

Fearaim na milte failte go hEirinn rompu siud go le"ir ata tagthaanseo 6 na ceithre hairde chun pairt a ghlacadh i gComortas Diospoireachta Ollscoileanna an Domhain.

Ta suil agam go mbainfidh sibh taitneamh agus tairbhe as an seal a chaithfidh sibhinar mease agus go gcuirfidh bhur liofacht agus bhur gcumas oraidiochta len bhur gclu fein agus le call an Chomortais iomraitigh a thug go

Baile Atha Cliath sibh.

It gives me very great pleasure to express a most warm welcome to Ireland to all who have come here to takepart in the WorldUniversity Debating Championships.

May you enjoy your stay among us and takeaway with you pleasant memories of a country whose people are not unknown for their love of words or for their skill in persuasive eloquence.

May you enjoy your participation in the World University Debating Championships in Dublin, to which I wish

every success.

Uachtaran na hEireann (fit/and.

On behalf of the People of Dublin I wish to extend a hearty welcome to all the participants in the World

Debating Championships.

Our City is proud to host this prestigeous event. Dublin is famous for its contribution to literature and colourful speach, so it is entirely appropraite that we should welcome the world's best debators to our City.

You have come to a City where witand chat and charm are plentiful You will find no shortage of opinion or argument here. Dublin, I assure you, will demand the best of your talents as speakers and persuaders; but I know you will enjoy the challenge.

Make the best of your stay in Dublin - I know it will be a happy and memorable one.

With every good wish.

ALDERMAN BERTIE AHERN T.D.,

LORD MAYOR OF DUBLIN

Page 3 Oifig an Taoisigh Office of the Taoiseach

December, 1986.

Mr. Jonathan Barton, Managing Director, World Debating Championships 1987, UCD Students1 Union Centre, Dublin 4.

Dear Mr. Barton,

I am delighted to welcome the participants in the World University. Debating Championships to Ireland. This is the first time the Championships are being held in Ireland - indeed, I believe, in Europe. The fact that we have been so honoured is due mainly to the very high calibre of the representatives from Ireland who participated in the Championships in recent years.

Naturally, as an Irishman, I must be partisan and hope that we will secure our third straight victory but in the process I am looking forward to a dazzling display of wit an5 sophistry, leavened by profundity. In Ireland, we have a considerable tradition of debating skills ranging from the public house philosopher best caputured in the pages of Myles na Gopaleen to a statesman with the polish and insight of Edmond Burke.

We are, therefore, well placed to appreciate the excellence of our visiting teams. I feelthey can be assured of a warm responsive and lively welcome and I hope they enjoy their stay in Iceland. May the best team win. 1 ' ."• ^ I

Garret FitzGerald^ T.D.,

Oifig an Taoisigh, Tithe an Rialtais, Baile Atha Cliath 2. Officeof the Taoiseach, Government Buildings, Dublin 2. 1O DOWNING STREET

THE PRIME MINISTER

It is with great pleasure that I send a message of support to the United Kingdom teams taking part in the 1987 World Debating Championships.

We live in an age when too many people shout for attention when they should be arguing rationally. So it is | important that the tradition of vigorous but peaceful debate j - the bedrock of democracy - thrives on a global scale. j | The success of Irishteams in winning the Championships i for the last two years is evidence that tha tradition of I debate is as strong in Ireland as anywhere in the world.

I hope that one of the United Kingdom participants emulates the team success of Glasgow University in the 1983 Championships. But my sincerest wish is for the continuing | success of these Championships and for the strengthening of j our shared democratic traditions of debate. i May the best arguments win.

NOVEMBER 1986

Page UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN

PRESIDENT PRESIDENT'S OFFICK PATRICK MASTERSON MA PhD ADMINISTRATION BU:

DUBLIN 4

TELEPHONE 693 244

It is a great pleasure for me to welcome the participants in the World Debating Championships. The Literary and Historical Society, the organiser of this championship, is our oldest society in University College Dublin, with a significant history back to its foundation in 1855 as the debating society of the Catholic University of Ireland. In the one hundred and thirty-two years of its existence the Society has been the forum where students of every generation have learned the art of oratory and the skills of debate. It numbers among its former members many renowned speakers, who subsequently became distinguished in public life and in every profession and vocation.

I wish success to the competitors in this championship, which I am sure will be an event of interest and enjoyment to all those involved with it, whether as speakers or audience.

Patrick Masterson

President

17 December 1986

Page 6 THE WORLD DEBATING CHAMPIONSHIPS OFFICIAL JOURNAL 1987

The Literary & Historical Society

President: Dr. Patrick Masterson. Vice-Presidents: Prof. Daniel A. Binchy, Dr. Conor Cruise-O'Brien, Dr. Cyril Cusack. Prof. R. Dudley Edwards Vincent Groean SC The Hon. John Kenny. Sean MacBrideS.C, Prof. James F.Meenan, Richie Ryan. ' Editorial

"DE BLINDS IS DOWN"

An occasion such as the "Worlds", ora forum such as this, a commemorative magazine is no place to wash the dirty linen of the L & H. It does however afford an opportunity to highlight some of the possibilities if offers. To host this prestigious event is the greatest honour that the debating world can bestow on any society. It is a fitting tribute to the L & H but certainly no cause for self-congratulation. Such accolades can mask the reality.

That the L&H is healthy at grassroots level is clear to even the most casual observer. The level of energy and enthusiasm generated over the past twomonths exemplifies all that is good about the society. But that energy and enthusiasm must not be dissipated and squandered through fractious argumentand internecine intrigue. We have had too much of that. Too many people have invested their time and energy in thie enterprise. Their faith and goodwill can no longer be taken for granted. The society must heed the warnings of recent times nad mend its ways. Itis its members and not a mere junta or cabal.

This society has one of the proudest traditions of any debating union in the world. That tradition must be jealously guarded by the society's members. It must strive to maintain its preeminence at the forefront of Irish debating and it must pursue this aim ruthlessly.To failis to accept the consequences of decline to the esoteric and the mediocre.

EDITORIAL BOARD ADVERTISING PROMOTION Conor Murphy Paul White AND DISTRIBUTION Leslie Kelly Bernard Ryan Colm O'hOisin Susan Towers CONTRIBUTORS Yvonne Thunder David Norris Melanie Morris Sean Me Bride S.C. Kate Lennon Hugh Kenny Yvonne Judge Denis Carroll D.D. Darius Whelan Cyril White Ph.D. Joseph Me Donagh Gary Holbrook Shane Murphy COVER DESIGN Damien Crawford Hubert Montag

Page 7 TOLERANCE, LIBERALISM AND abortion and contraception. In a sense, liberalism did not THE EIGHTIES go beyond endorsing the fast-chancing, upwardly mobile consumer society. BY DENIS CARROLL D.D.

I am asked to pen some more recent stress in I am not arguing for the brief reflections on Christian circles on justice restoration of authoritarian tolerance. To bear with and sustainability. There is a values or outmoded one another is not only very worthwhile study by the traditional assumptions. a Christian virtue. It is World Council of Churches Rather, I want to question die also a prime necessity entitled "towards a Just and liberal "new right" which is for social living. If a Sustainable Society". This, vocal in business, political degree of mutual for me, hits the right note. If and university circles. Since tolerance - to bear with we can bring together the my space is limited, I will difference - is not sacredness of die person and simply detail some attained then a society me demands - both economic assumptions - dear to the sinks into recrim and ecological - of a "new right" - which I feel ination, division and sustainable society then we should be strongly contested. chaos. It is always a shall be doing well. For sign of insecurity when myself, I believe thata people cannot tolerate beacon light of that - that the growing gap difference, when they conjuncture of social justice between a deprived minority victimise or ostracise and human rights is the and a relatively well-off theoutsider, the non people's revolution in majority is to be tolerated. It conformist and the Nicaragua. It is a scandal is sometimes said that social loner. that the United States regime progress must await further persists in its sordid attempts economic advance. Eco In the first place, then, I want to destabilise the nomics must not be allowed to contest the oppositions or democratically elected to dominate our values. I dualisms we set up between government mere. would argue that we need to black and white, man and re-examine our social policies woman, poor and rich. All Were I writing in the sixties along the lines of the recent too frequently, we set off or seventies I would have report from die Commission mind against body, thought developed the theme of on Social Welfare. Yet, we against feeling,rationality liberal tolerance. Without have a duty as a society to against spontaneity. Up to denying the values of those afford a minimum income to now, whites have oppressed years I wish to make a those who otherwise cannot blacks, men have oppressed different point now. I believe live in basic comfort. women, rich have oppressed we have to move from a poor. I am always glad to merely liberal to a radical - that Ireland's interests are see these oppositions and agenda. The liberal promise best consulted by polite oppressions called in with its optimism and love of subservience to die U.S. and question. The best of freedom seemed to herald an Britain. The Nobel and Christian vision - which is emancipation from older Lenin peace prize winner, also a humanist vision - structures which had become Sean McBride,reminded us questions these dualisms and oppressive and confining.In that Ireland's interests and oppressions. Thus, it drives the sixties one was proud to natural sympathies lie with us to ask why these occur be part of the liberal certain third world countries and what we can do to grow programme in both civil and which struggle to throw off beyond them. ecclesiastical matters. the yoke of post-colonial Simultaneously, we are dependency. brought to see that tolerance Now, I am no longer sure of is not a weak, spineless how far liberalism can take - tli at we need to show thing. It is a demanding us. In Ireland, as elsewhere, "good faith" to British programme which demands the liberal programme has politicians and that die "good self-criticism and cons shown its own ambiguity. In faith" of British iderable asceticism. the first place, it picked soft establishment can be taken targets. The Catholic for granted. The lesson of I welcome the emphasis in Church, the G.A.A., the the Birmingham Six and die the Christian tradition that the Irish language became easy Guildford Four and the human person is sacred. The game for low cost moral Maguire family may not yet medieval adage runs: Res indignation. The ideal of a nave sunk in. Thus we sacra homo. Where such a desirable society seemed to witness the unseemly haste principle is given effect, be emancipation from of the present government to human rights have a base restriction in sexual matters. enact extradition proceedings safe from the erosion of Ironically, social legislation which are grossly careless political pragmatism or came to refer not to about possible injustice to religious fanaticism. legislation for the distribution Irish citizens who may fall of scarce resources but to foul of theBritish legal Likewise, I welcome the legislation on divorce, system.

Page 8 A WORD FROM OUR DIRECTOR

BY JONATHAN BARTON, CHAMPIONSHIP DIRECTOR

The success of this championships is the Visitor's guide - Peter Cross, Orla due to the dedicated work of a great Dermody and Garret Breen have produced an bunch of students working admirable guide to Dublin. My thanks to voluntarily over many months, Melanie Morris and Joe McDonagh who have missing lectures as wellas a normal kept the PR front buzzing. Joe has also been social life, they are the reason we are a great help to Colm as Debates Convenor. here this week. Stephen Brien has shown a consistent commitment to the many areas which he has It ail started with Declan Kirrane - in his time been assigned particularly with his flair as as Championships Director, he laid the Systems Analyst in deciding the tournament foundations of what we have this week, it structure. I am very grateful to Mary was Declan's conception of what the World Donnelly for herhard work in selling tickets Debating Championships could be that for the final. provided us with a goal to aim for. Our wonderful venue, tonight is thanks to his Apart from fellow students I wish to hard work, both in organising the venue and acknowledge the support and advice of Mr in obtaining patronage for it. The State Gerry Horkan - Senior Administrator of the Reception is also a credit to his hard work as Student's Union and of the Registrar of the is the administrative framework set up in his College, Dr John Kelly, on behalf of the time as Director. College, our Senior Treasurer, Mr Tom Cooney has been a constant support with his In my time as Championships Director, in friendly and helpfuladvice. order to bring these championships to the point of being possible, I have called on and Of professional help given freely to the received the support of many dozensof Championships I should like to thank people - too many to deal with in detail. particularly Mr Finn Lyden for his financial However I feel I must select particular and other advice and Mr Lorcan Walsh for people. his essential direction of PR.

Inthe last months, I have had many reasons Due to limited space, I can only thank the to be grateful to Bernard Ryan - he has been following in a general way, to all of them for my right hand man throughout and with his their hard work I owe a great personal debt: dedication and organisational ability we Anna De Courcy, Adrian Fitzgibbon, would not have a successful Championships. Graham Hanlon, Aine Hynes, LeslieKelly, Together with Ian Carton, Bernard took on Dave Kelly, John Chambers, Monica Leech, the mamouth task of dealing with Conor Murphy, Johnny McDonald, Declan competitor's problems by telephone and McHugh, Patricia O'Connell, Joe letter. The sheer volume of work involved O'Sullivan, Declan O'Sullivan, Mark was unique to this area. Colm O hOisin's Humphries, Maeve Taylor, Margaret enthusiasm and commitment, both as Debates O'Riordan, Paul White, Philip Nolan, Louis Convenor and his many good ideas in all Curran, Audrey Burke, Tim McNuIty, Kevin areas havebeen a constant boost. Yvonne McDermott, Yvonne Thunder, Susan Judge has managed to combine a full-time job Towers. A very special word of thanks to with a tremendous amount of work in fields Michelle Morris and Annette Treanor for as diverse as sponsorship and Public putting up with us in the Union General Relations. The importance of this Office for so long and for all their help. Championships to UCD as a whole was a particular theme of both Kate Lennon and I am very grateful to our excellent Darius Whelan's participation, ata crucial adjudicators who gave up their Christman time of low morale, Kate helped us renew holidays to help out, also our many stewards our enthusiam and made us believe this and ticket seller. Congratulations to Conor competition could actually happen. Darius - Murphy, Paul White and Leslie Kelly for at a time of personal bereavement showed their excellent job on the Commemorative great courageand dedication to the Magazine. Championships in the unenviable job of making the books balance. Finally, the World Debating Championships Denise McDonald almost single handedly is the largest ever Intervarsity event to come conducted the sponsorship drive. Her energy to U.C.D. and I am very proud to havebeen and good humour drove our sponsorship involved with it. team to achieve great things. The editors of JAMES JOYCE AND THE L & H

BY DAVID P.B. NORRIS, B.A. Dept of Modern English.Trinity College Dublin

he would frighten the horses off their feet. The Literary and Historical Society Oh Yes! I sawhim making a holy show of of U.C.D. has like all such himself in the college. Jim was reading a university debating societies, its fair paper on some subject - You know Jim had a share of distinguished past members. great flow of language. There was a debate However there can be no dispute as and Kennedy took exception to something to thebrightest star historically Jim had said. At last Jim stood up and my speaking in this particular God he spoke for half an hour and he left undergraduate firmament. The fact Kennedy in a condition that he was not fit to that James Joyce took membership of be washed. I often told Jim to go forthe bar, the society shortly after its re for he had a great flair of language and he formation in 1897 was elected to its speaks better than he writes". If Mr Joyce's executive in 1898 and aspired to the contention that his son spoke better than he splendidly inappropriate post of wrote then the meetingsof the L & H at the treasurer is almost as startling as if turn of the century must have been Shakespeare had been a member of remarkable indeed. Joyce's own description the Oxford union. of the events of that evening can befound in the first draft version of "A Portrait of the Meetings of the society were held in the old Artist as a Young Man", published physics theatre of 86 St. Stephen's Green, a posthumously under the title "Stephen Hero". smallish auditorium by today's standards, then fitted with raked seating. Joyce attended Whatever the conflict of opinions on aesthetic the sessions regularly, often in the company matters a good deal of excitment was caused of his acid-tongued younger brother by Joyce's paper and the debate that followed Stanislaus, laterto become Professor of it was continued well beyond the prescribed English at the University of Trieste. closing time of 10 p.m. despite strenous Stanislaus was inclined to be dismissive of efforts on the part of the college porters to the proceedings writing later that "the timid quench the symposiasts. Not everyone who or patriotic debates were almost uniformly took part inthisintellectual Boston Tea party depressing to hear", and recounts how when was equally equipped to deal with the issues a rather precious young man called Hugh involved. When Joyce on being asked who Boyle Kennedy delivered a paper on " The he would like to chair the meeting replied War Machine - a state necessity", a Jesuit ironically "Henrik Ibsen" he was first startled member of staff, putting aside the discretion when the secretary W.P. Coyne asked for his normally associated with that order was address, and then amused in glancing down drawn to remark that "The sewing machine - to see that Coyne had noted the name as a domestic necessity" would have been a "Henry Gibson". more appropriate topic. This same Kennedy was one of the first to attack Joyce for what Joyce's paper on Drama and life" had in part was perceived as literary heresy when the been regarded as so controversial that young writer read the first of his two attempts were made by the college authorities celebrated papers on 20th January 1899. to prevent its delivery. These manoevres This paper was "Drama and life" and was were skillfully outwitted by Joyce who considered very advanced and daring because already exhibited considerable machiavellian of its exploration of the ideas of Ibsen, skills. These were not to be required two Hauptman and Maeterlinck. On this occasion years later when he read his second paper this John Stanislaus Joyce - the author's father time on the poet James Clarence Mangan. To also attended more out of parental loyalty than his audience Mangan was familiar, safe and interest in literature and has left as a Irish and therfore preferable to the "foreign description of the event in which his skill as a filth" he had previously afflicted on them. raconteur captures some of the atmosphere Neverthless the comparatively innocuous that must have reigned in the Physics theatre nature of the subject didnot protect him from "of course I knew Hugh Kennedy, now attack from the usual sources. Louis J. Chief Justice of the Free State.' He was a Walsh the boy orator and McGonaglesque schoolfellow of Jim's. He was at Belvedere bad poet in particular launched into high College with Jim. I don't knowmuch about flown rhetorical invective. Joyce rewarded him except his ugliness. By the Holy God him by having Gerty McDowell in Ulysses you could put him up to frighten anybody - select one of his most maukish ditties "Art

Pnot> M thou real my ideal" as an example of poetic Joyce himself was seen by his beauty. There could be no more contemporaries as but one member of a bright surreptitiously damning criticism. But in and enthusiastic generation. James addition to his usual style of savage brilliance Fitzgerald-Kenney recalled "He had a very Joyce could also be generous and humane in good appearance and an excellent delivery. debate' and Eugene Sheeny movingly recalls But none of us thought we were listening to a in the Centenary History of the L & H how man who would be, one day a world figure when he made his maiden speech and in literature". So let us all beware. It could overcome by nervousness broke down happen again. Who knows with certainty hopelessly, Joycetook him kindly by the arm what strange literary beast may this moment as he left the theatre and said "Eugene, you slouching towards theatre M in Bel field to be have gone up a lot in my estimation!" born.

The CHAMPIONSHIP

WEEK

Sundav: 10am- 6pm Registration of teams in the Montrose Hotel. 9 pm - 1 am Ceili. Ballroom of Montrose Hotel.

Mondav - 9 am - 5 pm Three rounds of debate daily for all competitors, Wednesday in UCD.

Monday: 7 pm- 10 pm Joint Embassies reception in conference centre, UCD.

Tuesdav: Shoppingeveningin town. Disco at "Fresh"

Wednesday: New Year's Eve Ball. Mansion House.

Thursday: Racing at Fairyhouse. 8 pm L &H meeting in Montrose Hotel. 9 pm Announcement of top 16 teams.

Friday: Quarter and semi-finals at UCD. 8 pm-10 pm State reception hosted by An Taoiseach, Dr. Garret Fitzgerald at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham.

Saturday: 6 pm Civic reception in Mansion House. 7 pm Pre-final reception, Earlsfort Terrace. 8 pm Final in National Concert Hall. Chairman, Mr. John Hume, MEP, MP.

Page 11 GOING WEST

INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION IS A RELATIVELY NEW DEPARTURE FOR IRISH DEBATERS. PROFESSOR GARY HOLBROOK IS THE MAN BEHIND THIS PHENOMENON.

Since its inception in 1960, The The giant American brewers Adolph Coors IRISH TIMES debating competition were persuaded by Holbrook to sponsor the has developed into the most important initial tour which took place early in 1980and national event in the university was a complete success. Coors continued to debating calender. fund the series until the tour of 1983 and since then the venture has been jointly sponsored by In recent years, the competition has gained the IRISH TIMES and the FRIENDS OF THE even more prestige among Irish students by IRISH DEBATERS SERIES, a non-profit virtue of the prize awaiting the best team and organization set up by Holbrook and based in best individual. Since 1980, the victorious Denver. Host colleges are required to pay threesome have been treated to a three week $200 per visit and to provide the Irish speakers tour ofAmerican colleges, debating a series of with food and lodgings. It is a system which topics, under the paternal eye of Prof. Gary Holbrook says has worked well. The Irish H. Holbrook from the Speech Debate Series is one of the most concrete Communications Department of the achievementsof the Irish debating industry, Metropolitan State College at Denver. renowned more for its production of ideas Colarado. than for their execution. Holbrook sees its success as generated by the contrast of Professor Holbrook sees his annual co debating styles practised in Ireland and the ordination of the series as a ten-year obligation U.S. He clearly regards the Irish style as which heinitiated in 1980 and which he hopes superior and readily admits that from an will have sufficient momentum of its own to oratorical point of view, the Americans gain carry on without him at the helm into the next far more than the Irish. However, he points decade. Holbrook had always been aware out that the Irish Debates Series has given that since 1924, teamsfrom Oxford and many Irish students their first taste of Cambridge had been making an annual transatlantic travel and that the overall debating tour of the U.S. When he realised in experience gained on tour is more than enough 1979 (what has been clear to Irish debaters for to ensure the continuation of the series much longer) that the standardof debate indefinitely. among Irish students is never less than equal to their British counterparts, he began to organise what has since become the annual tour.

Page12 MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIRMAN OF THE WORLD DEBATING COUNCIL

The L & H is proud to host this year's World Debating Championships and to continue the role which Ireland has played at theforefront of international debating. The event marks a historic point forthe society. Never before in the 132 years of its history has it organised an event of such magnitude. It is my hope that through this competition the world may have something to learn both from the Irish debating tradition and from the ideas and values which have caried this country through its long and varied history.

Work-mate.

Before you decide which personal computer to install come and see the PC thafs been designed to become more of a friend in need. You see, not only is the WANG \feng Professional menu driven, making it easier and friendlier to use than any other PC. But it also won't For a demonstration of the WangPC and its impressive become obsolete when your business requirements change. capabilities visit or ring:- On top of that it'll run all thebest software available lor your particular application needs. And, because it offers you total integration with other Mbng products, it's WANG IRELAND LIMITED Ihe perfect investment towards building a future system WANG HOUSE, A very powerful 16 bit PC that provides you with all the HARCOURT CENTRE, unique benefits of Wfeng word and data processing. In fact, all round faster, superior and far friendlier, it offers HARCOURT STREET, you everything you need from a personal computer. The Wang DUBLIN 2. Indeed, once you've spent time working with the V&ng Tel: 757931 Telex: 90972 WANG El. Prclessional computer it'll be difficult not to think of it Professional as a friend PCI Competitors Attendim

AUSTRALIA FRANCE Adelaide University Simon Stretton Ecole Normale Superieurc Monique Labrur Anthony Durkin Catherine Lame Francis Greenslade Frederic Limare Peter Salu Benoit Tadie

Melbourne University Jenny Buckland Peter Collins GregHunt GREECE Mary Woolridgc Athens College, Greece CANADA McGill University Matthew Mendelsohn IRELAND Charles O'Brien Sarah Cross Trinity College Dublin David Langwalli Baila Lazarus Law Society Anthony Whela Domcnic Romano Paul Fitzgerald Trinity College Dublin Malachy McAll: Philosophical Society Alex Bell Royal Military College, Darrin Grey Paul Gavin Canada Ian Rcnnic Aidan Kane

Saint Lawrence University Brian Pcnrod University College Galway Conor Bowman Kathcrine Walsh Literary and Debating Society Brendan Wilkin! Michael Howard University of Western Nicholas Bull Maire McNally Ontario David Mutimcr JAMAICA University of Ottawa Thomas Fournicr Keith Egli Queen's University Kingston Nikita Nanos Matt Collcdge University of Toronto Paul Paton (sponsored by Fred llanna's Limited) Tom Jonson Stuart OHcy NEW ZEALAND Justin MacGrcgor Auckland University Peter Shand Clare Ryan Victoria University/Toronto Diane Brady Sharron Came Shirley Ann Brady Rhcma Vaithiam

ENGLAND Victoria University Auckland Payton Kan Peter Sainsbury Brascnose College, Robin Harper Oxford WilliamO'Shccr SCOTLAND Cambridge University Bradley Lander Aberdeen University Andrew Webster Union Martin Todd Linzi Birni Imperial College, London Dundee University

Inner Temple Debating (Catherine Davy Edinburgh University Simon McGrath Society Adam Oycbanji (Diagnostic) David Thomas Charles Marquand Susan Carr Edinburgh University Jean Rogcrson (Union) Trista Johnson London School of Rory O'Driscoll Economics Jonathan Pulsnam Glasgow University John Fletcher Paul Wood (Dialectic) David Rennie J.J. Jones Glasgow University (Union) University of Bristol Saint Andrews University University of Swansea Deborah Watson Gavin Bowd University of Liverpool Mark Sedwill Gillian Kellock

Page 14 the 1987 Championships

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Amhcrsl College Heather Houlahan Alexander Meerovich Daniel Kaplan Kathleen Smith

' Barnard College Michelle Coulon Princeton University David Proshan Suclette Daniel-Dreyfus John Dorfman Bernard Roberts ' Brandcis University David Collins Daniel Robinson Maxim Cantor Providence College Serena Gallagher Brown University Aaron Belkin Annemarie Matosky Jeffrey Graham Michael Fitzgerald Jason Grumet Mark Pasquale Barry Fishman Rhode Island University Simon Lono Columbia University Joshua Prober Richard Farley Ralph Stone Mara Dolan Jennifer Grace Paul Yeats Peter Del Toro Smith College Elise Yablonski Cornell University Naseer Hashim Felice Batlan Curtis Dengcnfcldcr Sacred Heart University Ramon Reyes Edward Devine Aaron Spitz Arthur Lobdcll Illir Zhcrka Robert Robinson Kristina Robbins Gloria Kelly

University of Chicago Law School Sharon Zezima Swarthmore College Josh Davies Andrew Ostrognai Reid Ncureitis I sponsored by the First National Bank ofChicago) Jim Buckley Fordham University Pat Cippolane Miriam Jorgenscn Thomas Massara University of Texas Roberta Oldenborg Lawrence Hoffman David Smith Geoffrey Harrison Liam O'Brien University of Pennsylvania Jeanctt Samra Andrew Lutz Thomas Rinaldi Gouchcr College Barbra Bate men Neil Tuch Judy Dunscomb Matthew Gendlcr Judith Weredyk Christopher Smith Elizabeth Cohen Bradley Handler

Harvard University Ray Vasvari United States Naval Frederick Smith Academy RandyCohen William McKinlcy Evan Williams Vassar College Joe Mirabella Scott Cooper Steve Kaval John Hopkins University Todd Gillman Jim Ralston Debbie Kravitz Beth Freed man Thomas Hall Scott Kirkpatrick Joe Swanson Ann-Louise Gibbons

Mount Holyoke College Elizabeth White Weslcyan College Christopher Burn Heidi Little John Richardson William Ragan West Point Academy Heather Matlikow Jeffrey Tronvold Charles Gamcros New York University Stephen Levine Mark Elfcndahl Jeff Geist John Eppcrly Rafael Chiu Yale University Frank Donno Victor Miller Simon Mcndclson Oberlin College Scott Fehlan Bart Aronson Christopher Joyce Tarn ar Gendlcr "Come back with the shield or on it..."

From right: Shane Murphy fex-Auditor), Damieu Crawford, Ben Cohen ( World Convenor 1985). Those were the parting words of our colleagues as we left Dublin to In Ireland debating centres around the main ?o«P6t^in tlie WorIds in Montreal in societies in each University. Crowds of 300 1985. The phrase is attributed to the or more gather weekly to enjoy the fare at the women of ancient Sparta (we think) regular meeting. As a result Irish (and indeed ^o used it to bid farewell to "hi Scottish and English) debaters tend to hanker menfolk going off the war "Win or atter the large crowd with the cut and thrust bust" would be a modern translation. of a debate where not only is the opposing team (or teams - wemay have up to 8 teams On arrival in Montreal frostbite seemed to be in one heat!) out to get you, but the entire the only thing we'd return with. Minus 15 audience may be as well! degrees is a weather condition the Irish only read about, they are not designed for walking So the near-empty rooms in Montreal with around in it. It was but one of the many little only the adjudicators present seemed strange things wed go on to notice during the to put it mildly. What was not only strange tournament that would add to the sense of but awesome, was the level of organization adventure we felt in being there in the first McGilI University supplied to the pJ3C6, proceedings. "Ralph" (the moose - symbol or the society) was obviously pleased, as Anyone flying in to Dublin this year will were all the visitors although there were the probably have the same little questions tucked old queries. How come the door to our hotel away m the back of their heads as we had is actually the upside-down door of a ladies toilet? How come the Scottish get to stay in a WillSKVwe be destroyedf WAX!&by thelaUghhighat **standard?J°kes? hotel next door to an establishment called The unfamihanty of the surroundings and a Le cave du Sex1?? In any event of this feeling of unease about the format of the magnitude hiccups will inevitably occur and compotion adds to the tension and quickly what we found in Montreal will doubtless be dissipates any ideas you might have expected in Dublin. Deoole will come here to entertained about taking the place ty storm1 win the trophy (and quite spectacular it is too!) but they will also come to meet up with their worldwide counterparts and have some battle against mental exhaustion was fun. Therefore the hiccups will be seen as constant. To ensure progress in this just that and won't interfere with the competition you will need a fund of old enjoyment of the event. jokes, a keen sense of teamwork, a willingness to commit yourselves fully to the The "league" section of the competition will oratorical combat, a strong competitive sense prove to be wearying. You'll wake up in the and the stamina to preserve a cohesive team morning thinking of a brilliant rebuttal you effort forthe full distance. should have used the day before yesterday in a debate you think you might have won if We got lucky and made the knock-out you'd correctly interpreted what the last section. This format seems to favour the adjudicator said. Or maybe not. You'll think Irish and Scottish Teams (we'd have said on your feet, stand on your head and tell English but they haven't got that far yet) jokes you thought were stupid when you first who seem to be able to 'kick' into a higher heard them just to try and get some gear when the occasion requires it. Watch inspiration. You'll get by and probably a lot forthe Canadiansand Australians at this better than you expect. point as welland, unless they're too busy sampling Guinness, expect to see the Americans in there too. The most stimulating aspect of the Debates derived from the short notice of motion You won't get to the final. No-one can expect received by the speakers i.e. 15 minutes prior to, there's always that element of chance. to the debate. This ensured that all speakers Ask John Duffy and Jeff Nankwell had .to be constantly vigilant throughout in University of Toronto, who lost out3-2 in order to counter the many ingenious the quarter finals at Montreal with no interpretations of the motions formulated by inventive opponents. adjudicator scoring more than one point between the teams! Enjoy the week, the city Further challenge was often presented by the , the people, the debating. Come back and see us again. Watch those you compete occasional disparity between the American against and learn from them. And if, just if, and European vocabulary eg "What is a Fuzz you make the final throw, throw caution to Buster?". Altogether the competitive meeting the wind and go for glory. Come back with of minds gave little scope for relaxation or the shield or on it complacency. With 17 debates in 6 days the

Shell

BEST WISHES TOTHE WORLD DEBATING CHAMPIONSHIPS

Irish Shell Limited

Shell House 20-22 Lower Hatch Street Dublin 2 Telephone 613633 Telex 93634 Fax 613448

Pnoo 17 THE IRISH-AMERICAN CONNECTION

Cyril M. White Department of Sociology UniversityCollege Dublin

Dr. Cyril M. White is the former President of the Irish Association for American Studies, the Associate Directorof the Semester in Irish Studies at University College Dublin and biographer of Charles Thomson.

Ireland's relationship population of Pennsylvania later. Dobbs was with ihe United States is were English, one third responsible for completing now more lhan two and a German and the remaining the Irish Parliament Building half centuries in existence. third, Irish. While the in College Green, now the While Irish people had population of other Middle Bank of Ireland. Mr Dobhs visited and settled in North American Colonies would was not content with the America, (one, Saint not have as large an Irish original design, so he had a Brendan the Navigator is population as Pennsylvania, long, imposing balustrade said to have been the first many of its most prominent placed on top of the building. European to have discovered citizens were either Irish In addition, he designed the the place in thesixth Century born or the children of Irish forecourt of the building and A.D.) the date of the first born parents or grand had this included in the final mass emigration from parents. This would completion. Both of these Ireland is 1719, when the continue well into the 19th conditions are visible today first wave of emigration Century. Perhaps some of and add greatly to the overall from Ulster in the Northof the most prominent names in beautyof this most Ireland, reached the British this middle to late 18th prominent of Dublin's 18th Middle Atlantic colonies. Century are recognisable to Century buildings. For most of the next half of our American visitors to this Shortly after Arthur Dobbs the 18th Century many World Debating completed what is now the hundreds of thousands of Championship. Besides Bank of Ireland another Irish peoplemostly but not James Logan, (the real Irishman, who this time all from Ulster, emigrated to maker of Pennsylvania) - would design and build the Colonies of Logan Circle in Philadelphia America's most famous Pennsylvania, Maryland, is named after him - there building, the White House, New Jersey, New York, were the Lynches and the was born in County Delaware, Virginia and Rutledges of South Kilkenny. James Hoban North and South Carolina. Carolina, the Carrolls of came to Dublin to learn the By the 1750's Irish born Maryland, Charles Thomson profession of Mason- James Logan, the acting of Pennsylvania, Matthew Builder, the forerunner of Governor of Pennsylvania, Thornton of New the modern architect, from and William Penn's former Hampshire, and George JamesGandon. Gandon Secretary, could write that if Taylor and James Smith of was the designer-builder of Ulster did not awake tothis Pennsylvania all signatories The Customs House, The exodus all of the people of of the Declaration of Four Courts, The City Hall the Irish Province would be Independence. James and The King's Inns, four in Pennsylvania. He was Smith, one of the signatories of Dublin's greatest public also to remark that his fellow was actually born here in buildings. After working countrymen were more Dublin in about 1719. with Gandon on these trouble to him than all the Other prominent Irish born buildings, Hoban emigrated other European emigrants Americans were John first to Philadelphia and then put together. He in fact said Dunlap, who printed both to South Carolina where he that "one Irishman gave him the Declaration of designed some homes and more trouble than twenty Independence and the Germans". By this time some public buildings. present American However, in 1792, he Ulster emigrants were Constitution, William entered and won a arriving in the Delaware Paterson of New Jersey, competition for a design for River on a weekly basis in after whom Paterson, New a "President's House" as it every second or third ship Jersey is named and Arthur was then called. Placed that saided to the ports on Dobbs the last Royal second in this competition this river, New Castle and Governor of North Carolina. was the design submitted by Philadelphia in particular. Arthur Dobbs, who was the the soon to be President of By the timeof the American Surveyor-General of Ireland the United Stales, Thomas Revolution, Benjamin before he was appointed Jefferson. James Hoban Franklin, who had visited governor of North Carolina, built the walls of the Ireland (staying in Dublin for has left his mark on Dublin "President's House" with a week) in 1771, remarked which can still be seen to this standstone quarried at Aquia that one third of the day, more than two centuries Creek, Virginia and it is said

Page 18 that his inspiration in design Mount Vernon, Virginia and about 1930, millions ot Irish came from one of the on April 24th 1789 informed men and Irish women left buildings he had workedon General Washington, in a Ireland for the United Suites. in Dublin. In 1814 during short formal speech, that he After World War II the level President Madison's term of had been elected President. ofemigration to America office, the British returned to Two days later President- diminished considerably the United States and Elect Washington set out for although a steady flow captured Washington D.C., New York and his continued from the West burning both the Capitol inauguration accompanied Coast of Ireland. Since Building and the by Secretary Thomson and U.S. Immigration Laws "President's House", leaving Washington's wartime aide were changed in 1965 only ;i only the walls of the David Humphreys. minute number now "President's House" emigrate offically to the standing. James Hoban was Charles Thomson's most U.S. although there is said again called upon, this time easily recognised and lasting to be a much larger number to rebuild the house and he contribution to American of unofficial emigrants since managed to complete this Government was his design the 1970's. new assignment by Ocotber, of the Great Seal of the 1817. As the walls were United States, with its Today the traffic between the now stained and streaked by striking centrepiece - the United States and Ireland is black carbon as a result of American Bald Eagle. Not no longer a one way the burning, Hoban decided only is the Great Seal process. Many Americans to paint the exterior walls America's symbol of visit Ireland on vacation, on white to obliterate the black independence and business on educational dips markingsand streakings. sovereignty, but it is used to or to Congresses like the This caused the rebuilt certify and authenticate World Debating Presidential building to be official Government Acts, Championships now in termed "The White House" Executive Order, Peace session. At the same time which it is so called to the Treaties and Diplomatic many Irish people visit present. Credentials. The most America as tourists, to visit convenient place to find the relatives, on business, or as Perhaps the most politically Great Seal today is on the students. An interesting prominent of those born in back of a one dollar bill. sidelight on this to-ing and Ireland in the 18th century fro-ing is the ancestral was Charles Thomson of With President Andrew backgrounds of recent Pennsylvania. Mr Thomson Jackson's election in 1828 American Ambassadors to was the sole Secretary of the the previous century's Ireland. During the past American Congress between descendants now had twenty-five years the 1774 and 1789, and the final reached the highest office in majority of the U.S. writer and attester of the America. President Ambassadors to Ireland have Declaration of Jackson's parents had been been Irish Americans, from Independence. In addition, born in Carrickfergus in Ambassador Sheridan it was he who took charge of Co.Antrim. Four subseqent through Ambassadors the elections to the First American Presidents in the Moore, Curley, Shannon Federal Congress and the 19th Century would be and Daley to the present election to the First descendants of the emigrant Ambassador, Mrs. Margaret Presidency of the United Irish of the previous Heckler. States. Secretary Thomson centurv. Their emi grant directed theStates to elect successors in the 19th Perhaps the relationship their Senators, Century would also see this which today is the most Representatives and pattern repeated in the 20th relativeto young Americans Presidential Electors to Century for them with first is the number of American "transmit the votes as President Kennedy, then students who come to certified, signed, sealed and President Nixon and finally Ireland to study.All Irish directed, as the constitution the present President of the Universities and Colleges requires, to the Secretary of United States, President have American students the United States in Ronald Reagan. But politics enrolled in their academic Congress Assembled". In were not the only road to programmes. However, other words to Charles success for the Irish in University College Dublin Thomson. Finally, when America, Business and (The Dublin Campus of the the results of the Presdiential Industry would also have National University of Election were known, their Irish success story with Ireland) offers each year, Congress delegated Charles the Mellons in Pittsburg and between September and Thomson to officially and Henry Ford in Detroit. December, a Semester in personally notify George Irish Studies. Sixteen units Washington of his election The second large tide of of academic credit are as the First President of the emigration from Ireland to awarded for successful United States of America. America occurred after the completion of the This Thomson did by going "Potato Famine" in the late programme which is to Washington's Home at 1840's. From this time until designed specifically for THE L &H

HOME OF THE 'FUTURES LEADERS OF IRELAND1 ? By Hugh Kenny

During the early years Kennedy, a man who was to John Dillon and a future of the L&H visiting have a formative influence in leader of Fine Gael was the chairmen used to the new state, serving on die most outstanding orator Dail remind the house that drafting committee of the Eireann has heard. He they had among them Irish Free State constitution typified in many respects the the future leaders of and as its first Attorney- values and ethos of the old Ireland. Whilst there General from1922 and Irish Party and was was much arrogance Chief Justice from 1924. politically fearless. He and presumption in resigned from Fine Gael such a statement there At this time Kevin during the war years was much truth also. O'Higginsand Rory because he opposed O'Connor were both neutrality and believed that Many of the leading figures members of the society, Ireland should have entered in Irish society served frequently supporting each the war on the Allied side. apprenticeships in the other in debate. O'Higgins society and Michael Tiemey as Minister for Justice and In contrast Me Bride became as President of U.C.D. used Home Affairs in the Free Chief of Staff of the I.R. A. boast that there was no better State Governmentwas later fora period and held strong training in "persuasion, to sanction O'Connor's Republican views. He led oratory and the management execution as a reprisal for Clann na Poblachta into of men" than the roughand the killing by Republicans of coalition with Fine Gael, tumbleof the L&H. Free State T.D.'s. The Labour and Clann Talmhan: irony is further underlined a government of widely John Dillon,the Nationalist by the fact that O'Higgins diverging opinions united MP and leader of the Irish was best man at O'Connor's only by their opposition to Parliamentary Party was a wedding. de Valera's Fianna Fail. member of the old society and served as Auditor for The society has always been De Valera's son Major the session 1874-75, Tom a breeding ground for Viviande Valera, who later Kettle, Nationalist MP, aspiring politicians. Several became a Fianna Fail T.D. Professor of Economics in Taoisigh and countless and Managing Director of University College and a Ministers have been the Irish Press served as renowned poet, who died in members and served as Auditor for the session 1916, while serving with the Office holders. John 1933-34 and in 1933 was Royal Dublin Fuseliers in Costello, Taoiseach 1949- awarded the Society's Gold the First World War held 51,1954-57, was defeated Medal for Oratory. In the office in 1898-99. by Arthur Cox in 1912. 1933 election de Valera Two of Costello's mini defeated Brian O'Nolan, A contempory of his, James sterial colleagues, James since immortalised as Flann Joyce was defeated in the Dillon and Sean McBride O'Brien and Myles Na election of 1900. Joyce, both served on the same gCopalleen. Anthony who needs no introduction, committee in 1920-21 Cronin, another giant of was beaten by Hugh Dillon, sonof the IPP leader Irish letters was also

Contd from Page 19 Ireland outside Dublin die theatres and concert halls American students. offering special sociological, offer varied and interesting In addition to the formal archaeological and cultural programmes during the academic programme, all interest. Through the Semester. courses are augumented by Semester, students avail of guest lectures given by visits to such places as die So after more than two and a leading politicians, authors, Irish Parliament, the half centuries Ireland is now dramatists and personalities National Library, the offering attractive activities to from die media and other NationalArt Gallery, the young Americans in walks of Irish life. During National Museum and odier exchange for all diat America October, and prior to the places of historical, has offered the Irish since mid-term break, a four day sociological and archa the first days of emigration field trip is offered. This eological concern in and in the early 18th Century. field trip is to a region of around Dublin. In addition, fage 20 The Literary and Historical Society would like to thank FURSTENBERG Sponsors Of The Championships

defeated forthe Auditorship. legislation to the Supreme Clare the Psychiatrist served He lost ot Frank Martin in court to test its as Auditor in 1963-64. 1946. Cronin served on constitutionality, and Henry Kelly the former Irish Eamonn Walsh's committee provoked one minister to Times journalist and and along with Kevin B. insult and admonish him television presenter servd in Nowlan succeeded Rory publicly. The Taoiseach 1967-68, and Gerald Barry, Roberts as the leaders of the Li am Cosgrave stood by his the political commentator, in socialist wing of the society. minister and refused to 1969-70. Patrick Cosgrave During Walsh's year he very request his resignation. who served as an aide to nearly persuaded the pre O'Dalaigh resigned on the British Prime Minister dominantly conservative principle that the Office had MargaretThatcher was wing of the society to elect beendegraded by such a Auditor in 1964-65 and Jim Larkin as Vice refusal. Owen Dudley-Edwards the President He failed by only distinguished Historian in one vote to secure the The most senior minister in 1958-59. necessary two thirds that goverment, the Minister majority. for Finance, Richie Ryan, In more recent years Maeve- was himself a former Ann Wren of the Irish Times Cearbhall O'Dalaigh who Auditor, having served in was Auditrix in 1978-79 and won the society's Gold 1950-51. He tied in the Aidrean Hardiman the Medal for Oratory in 1931- election on two occassions - prominent Progressive 32, the same yearhe served with Michael McDevitt and Democrat Barrister and as Auditor and the last the issue was decided on the former Fianna Fail local session in which the Auditor toss of a coin. government candidate was was eligible for such an Auditor in 1972-73. aware, was a formerChief O'Dalaigh was also Justice and President of succeeded as Chief Justice Such a cursory look at the Ireland. Both tenures were by another former Auditor personalities the L & H has surrounded by controversy. T.F. O'Higgins. O'Higgins hosted as members cannot As Chief Justice he who served in 1938-39, was be discriminatory. Many championed a liberal a nephew of Kevin and perhaps more interpretation of the O'Higgins and became a appropriate names have been constitution and drew leading parliamentarian and ignored but the exercise heavily from American case defeated candidate forthe does serve to show that the law - a significant Presidency. contentionsof past innovation and important Chairmen that among the break with tradition. In latter times the society has members of the house sat O'Dalaigh incurred the bred a number of journalists, the "future leaders of wrath of the governemnt by broadcasters, and television Ireland" were not entirely referring anti-terrorist personalities. Anthony without foundation.

Pnno I I "IRELAND'S CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS WORLD PEACE"

BY SEAN MACBRIDE, S.C. HOLDER NOBEL PEACE PRIZE, LENIN PEACE PRIZE

I have been asked to Cruise, and 108 Pershing politicians that endanger contribute a short weapons. The the survival of mankind. piece on Ireland's Netherlands finally had to The Foundation's "Wrii contribution to world accept the deployment of of Summons has now peace for this comm 48 Cruise missiles. This been printed in English at emorative magazine, decision was not accepted a cost of £8.00. It and I am delighted to quietly by the Hague, and portrays all the legal do so. eventually Mr Ingelse and arguments aginst the It so happens that this Phon van den Biesen of siting of nuclear missiles year has been proclaimed the Amsterdam Bar were and should interest united Nations charged with the task of everyone who is International Year of examining the legality or concerned with our future. Peace by resolution of the otherwise of nuclear General Assembly. As weapons. Concurrently, I would like the Irish it's own contribution the the Ban the Cruise Missile Government to play a Irish United Nations Foundation was set up, much more important and Association hosted a and they instructed Mr dynamic role at the United major international Ingelse and Mr van den Nations in taking three conference in Dublin in Biesen to start Court steps. September, to which we proceedings, and within invited many leading six weeks, there were These are: figures in the field of 20,000 Plaintiffs. Unfortunately, the Dutch ■ Call for a Disarmament, such as the Court came to the complete moratorium on Hon. Duncan Francis conclusion that the Court the research, development O'Flynn, who gave us the could not intervene in and deployment of new New Zealand position on Parliament's work, weapons of societal nuclear policy, the despite Dutch destruction. Secretary-General of jurisprudence that the "War on Want", court is always competent ■ Promote at professors from Peace to judge a claim, if the the General Assembly a Departments in Bradford Claim is based on civil short and simple University, and Magee tort like this case. So the Convention outlawing the College in Ulster, the Foundation have now manufacture, stockpiling, former Secretary General appealed to the Court of deployment.or use of of the World Federation Appeal in The Hague. nuclear and other of United Nations Mr Ingelse's conclusion weapons of societal Associations in Geneva, destruction. as well as our own was quite clear: that the Christy Moore who gave decision to site nuclear weapons all over Europe m Become an a rendering of some songs active member of the cannot be left to the for peace. However, neutral group of states, politicians alone. The perhaps the most andparticipate in an people have to interfere, interesting of our observer capacity, contributors was Mr Peter and he stated "by civil disobedience, which is meetings and conferences Ingelse, of the Dutch of the group of non- obedience to the Lawyers "Foundation to aligned States. Ban the Cruise Missiles". international law and therefore not unlawful; We learned from Mr It is also desirable that our and by asking lawyers Ingelse just what a small Government should make and judges to comply with country can do in it crystal clear when opposing the spread of the rules." attending meetings of the nuclear weapons. What I find so EEC that Ireland is a encouraging about this neutral State, and does not Mr Ingelse informed us case is that it demonstrates regard itself bound by any that in 1979 Nato decided diat concerned individuals decision which would be to deploy 572 intermediate are not helpless, and can incompatible with our nuclear weapons, 464 act against decisions of neutrality or that might in any way jeopardise our has also been a failure on and that duty includes the status as a neutral state. the part of most of the protection of our We do have reason to be religious leaders of the environment. concerned, by reason of world to denounce and Sellafield across the identify the immortality Incidentially, under the water, and by reason of which is in the Constitution, our the threat of nuclear manufacture, use and Government is pollution of the Irish sea deployment of nuclear responsible fortheisland from the American and weapons. Yet, it is now of Ireland and the English submarines conceded that a nuclear surrounding seas. That travelling our coastal war would be likelyto responsibility extends to waters. We have also destroy the entire planet the protection of our reason to be concerned and all its inhabitants. ecology and the life and over the unauthorised health of our people. overflights of our territory One of the most worrying which took place during aspects of the nuclear And in the close of the 1985. According to Mr industry is the present International Year of Barry, Minister ' for reliance on nuclear Peace, we must remember Foreign Affairs, over reactors for electricity. that each nuclear power 3,000 high level The Irish Sea is now the station is capable of overlfights took place. most polluted sea in the producing weapons grade These may well endanger world because of plutonium, used in the our neutrality if they emissions from Sellafield. manufacture of the most continue. In connection The British authorities say horrible missiles, with recent bombing raids they monitor levels of incapable of by the U§ on Libya, it radioactive waste, but distinguishing between will have been noticed that Windscale/Sellafield has a civilians and combattants. France and Spain refused history of accidents, and I Remember, 10 million to allow the American think it will not be long people lost their lives in airforce to overfly their before there is another World War 1, and in territory in order to carry accident on the same scale World War II, 50 million out their raids on Tripoli. as Chernobyl, which will people died, and 24 How can we know if be extremely dangerous million were civilians . these unauthorised for Ireland. It has been The International Law in overflights were carrying admitted by the Sellafield regard to theprotection of nuclear weapons. Sooner authoritiesthat some of civilians in Wars had been or later one of these the earlier leaks there had totally ignored, and in aircraft may lead to a been underestimated by a August 1945 the first two nuclear disaster over our factor of 40%. I fail to nuclear bombs were used territory. In my view the understand how our in Hiroshima and use of our airspace for the establishments, scientific, Nagasaki. For the first transport of nuclear bureaucratic, or political, time, man had acquired weapons would constitute have allowed the Irish Sea the capacity to destroy the a violation of the Non- to become the most human race, andhad also Proliferation Treaty. contaminated sea in the appeared to lose all sense worldand continue to of moral responsibility. It is 41 years since we tolerate a situation wherein entered the nuclear age, the Irish Sea is massively It is our duty, and the duty and I find that one of the polluted by emissions of the Irish Government, most surprising features from British nuclear to ensure that such a of this age has been the establishments. catastrophe never again failure of governments takes place. and establishment scientists to make full and Surely the first duty of frank analysis of the our Government and our problems with nuclear administration should be energy, whichever form it to protect the health and takes, has created. There lives of our population,

Page 24 THE LITERARY AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY

Auditor. Richard F. Humphreys Championships Director: Jonathan Barton

THE COLLEGE DEBATING UNION UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN.

Hosts World Debating Championships 1987

(Sponsored by Furstenberg )

CHAMPIONSHIP FINAL

National Concert Hall, Earlsfort Terrace, Dublin

Saturday January 3rd 1987

Patrons: Matheson Ormsby and Prentice.

Trophies: Waterford Glass.

Plaques: Furstenberg. HATTHE WE

C!

Mr John Hi

Leader, Social Democratic a:

SP

'Government

Speaker College

Warren Lee University of Sydney Paul Fletcher

Austin Laliy Glasgow University Union Kevin Sneader

ADJt

Gary Kolbrook, Professor of Argumenta

}'so?>ei Murrav, ex-Auditrix, L & K. 19<

Shane iViurpiiv, Team Winner, VVorid D«

Pat vV'yms, inciividuai Winner. Irish Time

ylzrk ivloric:!. Marketing Manager, Furs; I! :angotohell!

urn:

M.E.P., M.P. hour Parly, (Northern Ireland)

IRS:

Opposition

Speaker College

Parlho Ghosh St. Edmund's College, Cambridge Chi'lstooher Kellv

Reid Neureiter Swarthmore College, U.S.A Josh Davis

ietropolitan State College, Denver, Colorado

Cha:n;-ions!iiD. i9S5 ating Charrioioiish;"'. 1984 i (ireksnd) Limited.