DOCSLIB.ORG

Human Space Exploration from a Self- Determination Theory

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Human Space Exploration from a Self- Determination Theory Human Space Exploration from a Self- Determination Theory Perspective: An Experimental and Diary Investigation Sophie Goemaere Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Maarten Vansteenkiste Co-Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Wim Beyers A dissertation submitted to Ghent University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Psychology Academic year 2018–2019 Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Maarten Vansteenkiste Co-supervisor: Prof. Dr. Wim Beyers Supervisory Board: Prof. Dr. Maarten Vansteenkiste (Ghent University) Prof. Dr. Wim Beyers (Ghent University) Prof. Bart Soenens (Ghent University) Prof. Dr. Martin Valcke (Ghent University) Dr. Frank De Winne (KU Leuven, European Space Agency) Examination Board: Prof. Dr. Leen Haerens (Ghent University) Prof. Dr. Johnny Fontaine (Ghent University) Prof. Dr. Richard Ryan (Australian Catholic University, University of Rochester) Prof. Dr. Tammy Schellens (Ghent University) © 2018 Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium All rights reserved, no parts of this book may be reproduced, or published, in any form or in any way, by print, photo print, microfilm, or any other means without prior permission from the author. WORD OF THANKS This dissertation would have never seen the light of day without the help of a number of people. First, I would like to thank my promotor Prof. Dr. Maarten Vansteenkiste, my co-promotor Prof. Dr. Wim Beyers, and Prof. Dr. Bart Soenens. Maarten, I remember, when I was studying at the KU Leuven and I needed a promotor for my master thesis, I send you an email and you accepted. A few months later, I send you the first draft of my manuscript. You replied by asking me who I was and what I wanted, saying you had very little time. Not much later, my rather unfortunate first impression from this encounter was quickly eradicated. From the day we finally met until the day I handed in this dissertation, you supported me unconditionally, showed faith in my work and belief in my capabilities. You mastered that delicate balancing exercise that is autonomy-support, and you knew exactly when to hold and when to push. You talk the talk and you walk the walk. Thank you. Wim, thank you for your continuous support, meticulous attention to detail, and most of all, your boundless patience for my non-existing aptitude for statistics. Bart, thank you for the much appreciated guidance and feedback in our work together, and also your sense of humor, at times quite dark and cynical, which has uplifted my working days on many occasions. To our IT technician, Steven Vandenhole, thank you in particular for the set-up of the technical tools for the experimental studies of this dissertation. Without you, I would have been stuck after the Chapter 1. Prof. Dr. Alain Van Hiel, thank you for trusting me to transform your students into proverbial Guinee pigs. Frank De Winne, thank you for teaching me how to communicate like a Russian: brief and to-the-point. Prof. Dr. Christoffel Waelkens from the KU Leuven, thank you for founding the Master of Space Studies. You mentioned once that, what fascinated you most about astronomy, was the discovery that the laws of physics are the same everywhere in the Universe (I’m sure you put it more eloquently). In a similar way, I believe the laws of psychology are universal, equal for both man on Earth and astronaut in space. To my colleagues, Beatrijs Vandenkerckhove, Lisa Dieleman, Joachim Waterschoot, Charlotte Schrooyen, Branko Vermote, Michiel Boncquet, Nele Flamant, Nele Laporte, Sofie Morbée, Elien Mabbe, Nathalie Coorevits, Nathalie Aelterman, Mieke Samyn, Jolene Deeder, Jochen Delrue, Gert-Jan De Muynck, and Katrijn Brenning, I am grateful for having had the chance to get to know such kind and sensible people. To the most wonderful friends a person could ever hope for, Jo Nys, Fleur De Pauw, Suk Coene, Kim Walckiers, Frederik-Jan Roose, Céline De Weerdt, Xavier Teirlynck, Gregory de Corte, Lien Bontinck, Florence Macharis, and Filiep Verhaeghe, thank you for being born in proximity to me and around the same time. To my friend and colleague, David Schrans, I’m afraid I lost the awesome space T-shirt you gave me when I got accepted at the KU Leuven. I am hereby giving you an excellent opportunity to buy me a new one. Also, thank you for insisting I should “talk to Stonecoffin” five years ago. Papa, Maman, Pierrot, Fanfan, merci pour votre support durant toutes ces années, et je ne parle pas seulement de ces quattre dernières. Papa, voici ce qui se passe quand tu laisses traîner tes Ciels et Espaces. Milad ‘Miguli’ Nasri Goortani, TABLE OF CONTENTS General Introduction. Human Spaceflight from a Self-Determination Theory Perspective: A Brief Introduction……………………………...….1 Chapter 1. Gaining Deeper Insight into the Psychological Challenges of Human Spaceflight: The Role of Motivational Dynamics……………......29 Chapter 2. The Paradoxical Effect of Long Instructions on Negative Affect and Performance: When, for Whom and Why Do They Backfire?....................................................................................................75 Chapter 3. How to Buffer the Motivational and Performance Deficits of Long Instructions for Procedural Tasks? Comparing the Role of User Control Instructions, an Autonomy-Supportive Communication Style and the Use of Short Instructions…………………………………………....117 Chapter 4. Do Astronauts Benefit from Autonomy? Investigating Perceived Autonomy-Supportive Communication by Mission Support, Crew Motivation and Collaboration during HI-SEAS I………………...163 Chapter 5. Life on Mars from a Self-Determination Theory Perspective: How Astronauts’ Needs for Autonomy, Competence and Relatedness Go Hand in Hand with Crew Health and Mission Success - Results from HI- SEAS IV……………...............................................................................199 General Discussion. Human Spaceflight from a Self-Determination Theory Perspective: A General Discussion…………………………..…255 Summary……………………………………………………………....309 Samenvatting……………………………………..................................319 Appendix: Data Storage Fact Sheets………………………………....329 GENERAL INTRODUCTION GENERAL INTRODUCTION Human Space Exploration from a Self-Determination Theory Perspective: A Brief Introduction 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION In 2010, I applied at KU Leuven to enroll in their brand-new advanced master’s programme Master of Space Studies, designed to prepare students for the multidisciplinary challenges of a career in the space sector. Unlike other candidates with astrophysical, engineering, or law and policy backgrounds, I was asked to motivate my application during an intake interview. After all, what does psychology have to do with space exploration? One of the master’s courses, Questions in Space Studies, was taught by former Belgian astronaut and ISS crew commander Frank De Winne. I remember him saying, much to my surprise, that good astronauts are people who can refrain from taking initiative, since their primary function is to follow orders from the ground. To illustrate this point, he elaborated on a personal anecdote regarding a rather annoying episode during one of his ISS missions: in the middle of a technical task, he encountered an obstacle not accounted for in the written instructions accompanying the task. Although the solution was clear, and the problem simple and easy-to-fix, as an astronaut, he was not allowed to take the decision to deviate from instructions and proceed with solving the issue himself. Instead, he had to alert Mission Support, and the job had to be postponed until they had given their green light, which could easily take several days. However, the sense of frustration for crew members that can arise from lacking decision-making authority in space was, to the best of my knowledge, never mentioned before in scientific literature on the psychological issues in space (see Kanas & Manzey, 2008, for a review). A potential reason for that became clear to me, when Frank mentioned that, generally speaking, astronauts are not too keen on psychologists, since they regard them as the people who can stand in their way of getting appointed to a flight. It is true that, in space agencies, psychologists mainly hold the task of selecting candidates fit to sustain the multiple thrills and challenges of spaceflight. As such, their main responsibility is to “weed out those candidates who might not be suited to training, working, and living in the extreme environment of space” (Anania, Disher, Anglin, & Kring, 2017, p. 1). During actual space missions, private phone call appointments between astronauts 2 GENERAL INTRODUCTION and a psychologist are scheduled at a regular interval (called Private Psychological Conferences, or PPCs), in case an astronaut would be in need of psychological support. However, according to Frank De Winne, astronauts rarely make use of these opportunities, and instead prefer to confide their issues with partners, family members, or friends. After all, one wouldn’t want to be deemed psychologically unfit for the next flight! In fact, astronauts seem to be reluctant to utter dissatisfaction or admitting issues with adaptation to their new work environment in general, as exemplified by the following entrees in astronaut journals (Stuster, 2016): “I was pissed because I saw zero reason to record me (doing nothing). Not even moving, just standing. Plus, there was Ku coverage so the ground could have recorded it. Anyway, I wanted to call down and ask why. Cardinal error for a crew, and luckily both my crew mates jumped on me and talked me out of it” (p. 16). “Telling the ground that it took longer to perform a task than scheduled is an admission of lack of ability” (p. 24). “What is scheduled is what is expected, and another astronaut probably got all this work done and on time on some past mission. No one wants to be seen as a slacker or as incapable (or as a complainer)” (p. 24). “(It bothers) me how the ground treats the crew. We work trivial and mundane tasks for weeks and even still, they do not trust us to do the simplest of things. Then, when we get frustrated we are labeled as hard to work with” (p.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Battling Homesickness on Mars the Relationship Between Relatedness, Well-Being, Performance, and Displacement in a Mars Simulation Study
    BATTLING HOMESICKNESS ON MARS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RELATEDNESS, WELL-BEING, PERFORMANCE, AND DISPLACEMENT IN A MARS SIMULATION STUDY Word count: 19,040 Thomas J. N. Van Caelenberg Student number: 00907011 Supervisors: Prof. Wim Beyers, Dr. Sophie Goemaere A dissertation submitted to Ghent University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Clinical Psychology Academic year: 2016 - 2017 Abstract During a Mars mission, crew will simultaneously be confined to small shared living quarters, and will experience extreme geographical and temporal isolation from all other people. Under these circumstances, group tensions have been known to cause communication issues with mission support; a phenomenon called displacement. To gain further insight in these challenges, this study investigated the effects of the psychological need for relatedness as described by the Self-Determination theory, a macro theory on human motivation. During a yearlong Mars simulation, HI-SEAS IV, six crewmembers filled out weekly self-report questionnaires measuring their level of relatedness with friends and family at home as well as fellow crewmembers living inside the Mars simulation. Crew further filled out questionnaires measuring their well-being, performance, and displacement with mission support staff outside the station. Using hierarchical modelling, the results indicated that relatedness was a predictor of crewmembers’ well-being, performance and displacement. Relatedness with fellow crewmembers was a positive predictor of crewmembers’ well-being and performance, and was a negative predictor of displacement. Relatedness with friends and family at home was a positive predictor of well- being and a negative predictor of displacement. Overall, the results provide evidence for the presence of the psychological need for relatedness as affecting crewmembers’ well-being, work performance, and displacement toward mission support, successfully applying the Self-Determination theory to a spaceflight setting.
    [Show full text]
  • Issues of Information Exchange Efficiency in Long-Term Space Flights
    11 Issues of Information Exchange Efficiency in Long-Term Space Flights V. Gushin and A. Yusupova Institute for Biomedical Problems, Moscow, Russia 1. Introduction A human being can live in outer space only in the artificially created environment of a spacecraft. Space vacuum, galactic space radiation, meteorite currents, super-low temperatures outboard give rise in space crew members to a natural feeling of threat to their health and survival. In this connection a high level of psychic tension persists even in a trouble-free space flight due to a natural worry about one’s safety which is not relieved even during sleep. As the time of a space flight increases, a cosmonaut’s emotional sphere comes to be affected predominantly by uniformity (monotony) of the closed environment and by limitation of social contacts. The impact of these factors enhanced by zero gravity leads on to the appearance of dysfunctional changes. Their incrementing intensity manifests itself in cumulative weariness and central nervous system asthenisation due to an inadequate reaction of the nervous system to stimuli. Asthenisation, a condition experienced following space flights (as well as after serious illnesses, traumas, and mental overstrain), manifests itself after 1-2 months of long-term space flights due to sensory deprivation existing in space flight condition (Myasnikov, Zamaletdinov, 1997). In asthenisation, strong extrinsic stimuli may evoke a poor response, while on the other hand slight stimuli may produce a positive reaction (Myasnikov, Stepanova et al., 2000). A sign of deterioration in cosmonauts’ psychic condition is a frequent appearance of frankly negative emotional responses especially if they leave a lasting negative track behind themselves in the form of low mood.
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence Report: Risk of Adverse Cognitive Or Behavioral Conditions
    Evidence Report: Risk of Adverse Cognitive or Behavioral Conditions and Psychiatric Disorders Human Research Program Behavioral Health and Performance Approved for Public Release: April 11, 2016 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas 1 CURRENT CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS: Kelley J. Slack, Ph.D. Wyle Science Technology & Engineering Thomas J. Williams, Ph.D. Wyle Science Technology & Engineering Jason S. Schneiderman, Ph.D. Wyle Science Technology & Engineering Alexandra M. Whitmire, Ph.D. Wyle Science Technology & Engineering James J. Picano, Ph.D. Universities Space Research Association PREVIOUS CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS: Lauren B. Leveton, Ph.D. NASA Johnson Space Center Lacey L. Schmidt, Ph.D. Minerva Work Solutions Camille Shea, Ph.D. Houston Police Department 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. PRD RISK TITLE: RISK OF ADVERSE COGNITIVE OR BEHAVIORAL CONDITIONS AND PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS ............................................................................................. 6 II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................... 9 III. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 11 IV. EVIDENCE ........................................................................................................................... 14 A. Space Flight Evidence .................................................................................................... 17 1. Sources
    [Show full text]
  • Behavioral Health and Performance Element, Human Research Program, Space Medicine Division, NASA Johnson Space Center; Houston, , Texas
    https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20150016966 2019-08-31T06:15:41+00:00Z Evidence Report: Risk of Adverse Cognitive or Behavioral Conditions and Psychiatric Disorders Human Research Program Behavioral Health and Performance Approved for Public Release: Month DD, YYYY National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas CURRENT CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS: 1 Kelley J. Slack Wyle/LZ Technology Jason S. Schneiderman Wyle Lauren B. Leveton NASA Johnson Space Center Alexandra M. Whitmire Wyle James J. Picano Wyle PREVIOUS CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS: Camille Shea Houston Police Department Lacey L. Schmidt Minerva Work Solutions 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. PRD RISK TITLE: RISK OF ADVERSE COGNITIVE OR BEHAVIORAL CONDITIONS AND PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS ............................................................................................. 6 II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................... 9 III. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 11 IV. EVIDENCE........................................................................................................................... 14 A. Space Flight Evidence .................................................................................................... 15 1. Sources of evidence .................................................................................................... 15 2. Occurrences of behavioral signs and
    [Show full text]
  • SPACE HABITABILITY Integrating Human Factors Into the Design Process to Enhance Habitability in Long Duration Missions
    SPACE HABITABILITY Integrating Human Factors into the Design Process to Enhance Habitability in Long Duration Missions vorgelegt von Master of Science (Dottore in Disegno Industriale) Irene Lia Schlacht aus Mailand Von der Fakultät V - Verkehrs- und Maschinensysteme. der Technischen Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften Dr. -Ing. genehmigte Dissertation Promotionsausschuss: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Brieß Berichter: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Rötting Berichter: Prof. Melchiorre Masali (Unito) Berichter: Prof. Dr. Bernard H. Foing (VU Amsterdam & ESA ESTEC) Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 17.10.2011 Berlin 2012 D 83 NOTE: the PDF version contains hyperlinks SPACE HABITABILITY Integrating Human Factors into the Design Process to Enhance Habitability in Long Duration Missions German Title: SPACE HABITABILITY Integration von Human Factors in den Entwicklungsprozess zur Verbesserung der Bewohnbarkeit für langandauernde Weltraummissionen Candidate Master of Science (Dottore in Disegno Industriale) Irene Lia Schlacht from Milan Dissertation approved from the Chair of Human-Machine Systems Department of Psychology and Ergonomics, Faculty V Technische Universität Berlin for the degree of Doctor of Engineering Science: Dr. Ing. Supervisors: Prof. Matthias Rötting (TU-Berlin) Prof. Melchiorre Masali (Unito) Prof. Bernard H. Foing (VU Amsterdam & ESA ESTEC) Prof. Takashi Toriizuka (Nihon University) Arch. Dr. Barbara Imhof (LIQUIFERS Systems Group) Day of the scientific debate: 17.10.2011 Published from the Technische Universität Berlin Berlin 2012 ii SPACE HABITABILITY Author contact information Irene Lia Schlacht Italy: +39 320 3168723 Deutschland: +49 0176 3588 2695 E-mail: irene.schlacht mail.polimi.it ( irene.schlacht gmail.com ) This thesis is available in electronic format (PDF file) from the Technische Universität Berlin Electronic Library System at: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:83-opus-34070 Quotation: Schlacht, I.L.
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence Report
    Evidence Report: Risk of Adverse Cognitive or Behavioral Conditions and Psychiatric Disorders Human Research Program Behavioral Health and Performance Approved for Public Release: Month DD, YYYY National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas CURRENT CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS: 1 Kelley J. Slack Wyle/LZ Technology Jason S. Schneiderman Wyle Lauren B. Leveton NASA Johnson Space Center Alexandra M. Whitmire Wyle James J. Picano Wyle PREVIOUS CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS: Camille Shea Houston Police Department Lacey L. Schmidt Minerva Work Solutions 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. PRD RISK TITLE: RISK OF ADVERSE COGNITIVE OR BEHAVIORAL CONDITIONS AND PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS ............................................................................................. 6 II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................... 9 III. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 11 IV. EVIDENCE........................................................................................................................... 14 A. Space Flight Evidence .................................................................................................... 15 1. Sources of evidence .................................................................................................... 15 2. Occurrences of behavioral signs and symptoms ......................................................... 16 a.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Report Institute of Aerospace Medicine 2019
    Research Report Institute of Aerospace Medicine 2019 Preface The Institute of Aerospace Medicine at the Ger- research that improves the human healthspan in man Aerospace Center (DLR) comprises depart- space, in aeronautics, and on Earth. ments in Cologne and in Hamburg with an inter- The present report exemplifies our research activi- nationally unique research expertise and infra- ties in 2019. One of the major tasks this year was structure. At DLR, our Institute serves as interface planning and executing two AGBRESA (Artificial between sophisticated technology and life Gravity Bed Rest Study) bed rest study campaigns, sciences research including biology, medicine, which we carried out together with NASA and and psychology. We conduct our research in ESA. In each campaign, twelve volunteers spent a close collaboration with leading national and in- total of three months with us, of those two ternational research institutions and industry. The months in strict head-down bed rest. In collabo- long-standing experience of the Institute in se- ration with more than 100 international scien- lecting and caring for pilots, air traffic controllers, tists, many sophisticated experiments and exami- and astronauts in particular directly after return nations were conducted ranging from microbiota to Earth provides a solid foundation guiding our profiling to state-of-the-art brain imaging and research efforts. Mechanism-oriented human re- cognitive testing. The endeavor illustrates our in- search, which is a particular strength of our Insti- terdisciplinary and translational research ap- tute, is fostered by the state-of-the-art research proach. However, we were also involved in many infrastructure at the :envihab facility.
    [Show full text]
  • Can We Go to Mars Without Going Crazy? Forget About the Technical Problems
    Can We Go to Mars Without Going Crazy? Forget about the technical problems. What we really have to worry about is what seven astronauts will do to one another after being locked up in a tiny capsule for nine months By William Speed Weed DISCOVER Vol. 22 No. 05 | May 2001 Aboard the Belgica, off Antarctica, May 20, 1898: As the snow swirls and temperatures plummet below 0 degrees Fahrenheit, explorer Frederick Cook, stuck with his men on an icebound ship, writes in his log: "We are as tired of each other's company as we are of the cold monotony of the black night and of the unpalatable sameness of our food. Physically, mentally, and perhaps morally, then, we are depressed, and from my past experience I know that this depression will increase." Space station Mir, June 25, 1997: As an unmanned Russian supply ship from Earth draws When John Glenn became the first astronaut to toward him, commander Vasily Tsibliyev floats orbit Earth on February 20, 1962, he had to endure before a set of remote controls, trying desperately the Mercury capsule's measly 36 cubic feet of to guide the incoming module to a safe docking. space for only four hours and 55 minutes. When he rode the space shuttle Discovery 36 years later— American astronaut Mike Foale and cosmonaut for eight days and 20 hours— each crew member Sasha Lazutkin peer anxiously from portholes. got 332 cubic feet of space. Their commander is exhausted. His mental health Photo courtesy of NASA has deteriorated under the stress of living in this bizarre miniature world for more than four months.
    [Show full text]
  • II. H Habitats Are Often Designed with an Efficient Engineering Approach, Focussed on Safety, Function, and Budget
    50th International Conference on Environmental Systems ICES-2021-78 12-15 July 2021 Senses as Drivers for Space Habitats Design in Microgravity Monika Brandić Lipińska1 and Layla A. van Ellen.2 Hub for Biotechnology in the Built Environment, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, UK Volker Damann3 International Space University, Strasbourg, 67400, France Moving into off-planet environments require different approaches to design, mainly due to the fundamental physical changes astronauts perceive through their senses. Indeed, adjustments to off-planet conditions have important psychological and physiological implications and it cannot be presumed to be directly transferable from terrestrial habitat design. This paper focuses on microgravity environments and studies evidence reports and other documents on human performance in space in order to have a concise overview of the effect of space conditions and weightlessness. The study of the senses that affects health and comfort highlights the importance of changes in the perception of space, vestibular system, and proprioception. On top of that, it also demonstrates the importance of subjective perception. This paper then connects these studies with established architectural design methods such as the use of colours, spatial layout, and haptic surfaces resulting in a set of specific design responses for microgravity habitats. These suggestions and the follow up guidelines could enable the development of habitats that enhance astronauts’ adjustment to microgravity environments and overall comfort. I. Introduction UMANS living in space are constrained by habitat design, which provides shelter from extreme environments. II. H Habitats are often designed with an efficient engineering approach, focussed on safety, function, and budget. At the same time, many studies1–6 have highlighted the importance of designing space habitats that will respond to a broader range of astronauts’ wellbeing and comfort.7 Indeed, physical and mental performance and the ability to work are crucial factors for a space mission.
    [Show full text]
  • From Hostile to Hospitable: Changing Perceptions of the Space Environment
    45th International Conference on Environmental Systems ICES-2015-156 12-16 July 2015, Bellevue, Washington From Hostile to Hospitable: Changing Perceptions of the Space Environment Elizabeth Song Lockard, M.Arch, Ph.D.1 Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96825 The next generation of Space exploration will see the first humans traveling to Mars, and eventually establishing permanent outposts there. As human voyages extend in duration to years and decades, the scope of human factors research must expand accordingly. The success of the seminal settlements will depend on a comprehensive understanding of the full range of needs for psychological adaptation. Research on psychological adaptation has tended to focus mostly on social dynamics and variables, but very little on the design of physical habitat itself and its the relationship to the exterior surroundings. One of the needs that can be addressed through the habitat architecture is the ability to feel at home in the unfamiliar environs of Mars—but this will first entail a fundamental shift in our current attitude of apprehension towards the Space environment to one of affinity. This paper will discuss why changing those unfavorable perceptions is important; namely that psychological adaptation is premised in part on the formation of positive perceptions of one’s immediate environment, and that those perceptions powerfully inform the development of the habitat architecture. Human prosperity in Space will ultimately be linked to a cosmological view of our solar system not as hostile, but as hospitable. In order to better insure the crew’s ability to acclimate to the conditions of Mars, three possible means by which perception can be altered will be explored: language, interaction, and technology.
    [Show full text]
  • Fundamentals of Space Medicine
    FUNDAMENTALS OF SPACE MEDICINE Figure by Philippe Tauzin. THE SPACE TECHNOLOGY LIBRARY Published jointly by Microcosm Press and Springer An Introduction to Mission Design for Geostationary Satellites, J.J. Pocha Space Mission Analysis and Design, 1st edition, James R. Wertz and Wiley J. Larson Space Mission Analysis and Design, 2nd edition, Wiley J. Larson and James R. Wertz Space Mission Analysis and Design, 3rd edition, James R. Wertz and Wiley J. Larson Space Mission Analysis and Design Workbook, Wiley J. Larson and James R. Wertz Handbook of Geostationary Orbits, E.M. Soop Spacecraft Structures and Mechanisms, From Concept to Launch, Thomas P. Sarafin Spaceflight Life Support and Biospherics, Peter Eckart Reducing Space Mission Cost, James R. Wertz and Wiley J. Larson The Logic of Microspace, Rick Fleeter Space Marketing: A European Perspective, Walter A.R. Peeters Fundamentals of Astrodynamics and Applications, David A. Vallado Influence of Phychological Factors on Product Development, Eginaldo S. Kamata Essential Spaceflight Dynamics and Magnetospherics, Boris V. Rauschenbakh, Michael Yu. Ochinnikov and Susan McKenna-Lawlor Space Psychology and Psychiatry, Nick Kanas and Dietrich Manzey The Space Technology Library Editorial Board Managing Editor: James R. Wertz, Microcosm, Inc., El Segundo, CA Editorial Board: Val. A. Chobotov, Consultant on Space Hazards to the Aerospace Corporation; Michael L. DeLorenzo, Permanent Professor and Head of the Dept. of Astronautics, U.S. Air Force Academy; Roland Doré, Professor and Director International Space University, Strasbourg; Robert B. Giffen, Professor Emeritus, U.S. Air Force Academy; Gwynne Gurevich, Space Exploration Technologies; Wiley J. Larson, Professor, U.S. Air Force Academy; Tom Logsdon, Senior Member of Technical Staff, Space Division, Rockwell International; F.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Performance in Extended Space Operations
    Report of ESA Topical Team in Psychology November 2011 HUMAN PERFORMANCE IN EXTENDED SPACE OPERATIONS Contributors G.R.J.Hockey (Coordinator), University of Sheffield, UK; T.Åkerstedt, Stress Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; A.W.K Gaillard, Tilburg University, The Netherlands; D.Manzey, Berlin Institute of Technology, Germany; L.J.M Mulder, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; N.Pattyn, Free University of Brussels, Belgium; A.J.Tattersall, Liverpool John Moores University, UK Contents Abstract 1 1 Introduction 2 Section I: Operator Functional State Issues 2 Environmental Stress and Fatigue 7 3 Work Demands 15 4 Sleep and Sleepiness 23 5 Psychophysiological State 30 Section II: Specific Performance Issues 6 Human-Automation Interaction 38 7 Skill Maintenance 44 8 Teamwork 51 Section III: Conclusions and Recommendations 9 Conclusions and Recommendations 59 References 63 Topical Team members 76 1 Abstract The TT report covers topics related to the management of human performance in space environments, with an emphasis on applications to the problems of human crews on long- term missions. The topics are selected to emphasize the application of recently established methodologies and theoretical insights in performance research, and integrated through application of the operator functional state framework, outlined in the introductory chapter. Other chapters cover the separate but overlapping topics: environmental stress and fatigue, work demands, sleep and sleepiness, psychophysiological state, human- automation interaction, skill maintenance and teamwork. Each aims to summarize background issues, mainly based on Earth-based research, draw together relevant research findings from space environments, and suggest research needs and implications. A final chapter highlights broad themes and research directions that cut across chapter topics, and makes a number of specific recommendations for further research and development.
    [Show full text]