lotre Dame Scholastic.

I>isce CLTxasi senxper -vrictirnxs; "vi-ve CLuasi eras moritums.

Volume IX. M-QTRE DAMS, INDIAITA PEBRITARY 5, 1876. Number 23

Old Winter. Metastasio. «

The following lines appeared in a newspaper thirty or One summer's evening about the year 1708, a rich lawyer forty years ago, as I am informed by a venerable friend named Gravina, who was accustomed to write bad trag­ who then committed them to memory. According to a re­ edies, was walking near the Campus Martins, in Rome, in cent distinction in meteorology they are appropriate to the company with the Abbe Lorenzini. As the two sauntered season, though not to the weather; still, to judge from along they heard at no great distance from them a sweet present appearances, the weather may be wintry enough and powerful voice singing verses with astonishing fluency before they appear in the SCHOLASTIC. Of their author, to the measure of the canto impromso. As they approached of whom I know nothing, it may perhaps be said, as Kit the shop of Trapassi, from whence the delightful melody North said of TVarton, "The gods had made him poetical, proceeded, they were surprised to see a lovely boy, not but not a poet." Q. more than ten or twelve years old, pouring forth the verses on the objects which surrounded him. Their admiratioa Old Winter has come, that merry old lad, "With his mantle so pure and to white, of him was great, but it became more intense by the com­ To make us all happy, and none to be sad, pliments which he took occasion to bestow upon them - To banish old care out of sight. When the boy-poet and musician concluded his song. Gra­ vina called him, and with much praise and caresses offered There are those who in winter do always repine, him a coin of considerable value. This the boy, with many And say, with a frown and a sneer, thanks, politely declined. Entering into conversation with, They'd rather spring, summer or autumn—in fine. Some other part of the year. the lad, Gravina was struck with the intelligence of his re­ plies, and proposed to his parents to adopt and educate him These seasons a»e well iu their place, and their tinie. as his son. Seeing with what sincerity the offer was made, All doubtless as well as could be ; and pleased with the brilliant prospects which opened to But winter—how easy it runs into rhyme!— thsir son, the parents consented, and the boy Trapassi be­ But winter's the season for me. came the adopted son of Gravina, and became known te The sleighs, how swift they fly over the snow. posterity as Metastasio. In numbers too great to be told; Pietro Antonio Domenico Bonaventura iretastasio was The boys, heaven bless them, they're all on the go, born in Rome, on the third day of January, 1698. At an They don't care a bit for the cold. early age he manifested a great love for poetry, which was I'll' assure yon, my friends, there's no pleasure on earth stimulated by reading the works of Tasso. After his adop­ Like taking a jovial sleigh-ride, tion by Gravina he received an excellent education, the With a heart overflowing with innocent mirth learned lawyer intending that he should follow the pro­ And those merry boys right by your side. fession of the law. At the same time that he destined him to be a lawyer he had him well educated in the classics. Such, However, 'tis just as you take the old lad. Nor should you say aught to dispraise. was the progress of the boy that at the age of fourteen he For although your opinion were ever so bad, wrote a tragedy, " Giustino," after the model of the Greeks. I fear he'd not alter his ways. He foUowpfl his patron to Naples, where by the charm of his manners and couTcrsation and by his wonderful powers "He'll color your nose with a beautiful pink. of versification and elocution he made many friends. He And the tears from your eyes he will draw; did not give up his legal studies, but received minor orders, But ne'er for such jokes should you ill of him think. on which account he is often styled Abbate. But answer a merry ha, ha I His patron Gravina dying in 1717, left Metastasio a con­ Old Winter, hale Winter, how lovely thou art I siderable fortune, but the prodigal poet ran through most I'll rejoice, they scenes coming on, of it in two years, and for a short time he redoubled his I'll cherish, as sadly I see them depart, And I'll sigh when I find they are gone. efforts in the law. However, it was not long before he returned to his favorite pursuit, and he wrote an epithal- amium and the drama o^ Endimione. He afterwards wrote, —The other day, when a Detroit grocer spelled sugar under the protection of the Viceroy of Naples, QU orti eS' " s-h-u-ge-r," a friend pointed out the word and remarked, peridi and Angelica, the latter after Ariosto. The principal "That word isn't spelled quite right." "Ha! I see," characters in these plays were taken by the beautiful- laughed the grocer; "One would think I had no educa­ 3Iaria Bulgarini, or La Romanina, under whose inspiration tion! " And he crossed it out and wrote " s-h-u-g-o-r." he wrote his Didone abandonata, which was set to music b 354 THE KOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC.

Sardi and other composers. This opera was produced in Ary Seheffer. 1724, and established his fame. From Naples he went to Eome, where his Semiramide (which Meyerbeer set to music Were we to judge, from the prevalence of photographs of in 1819) Esw, Alessandro nelP Indie, Gatone in TTtica, anthde works of an artist, as to his popularity, we should cer­ Artasesse were performed in rapid succession. tainly take it that of the French school of painters, Ary In 1729 he repaired to Vienna, where he succeeded, and Scheffer, after Delaroche, is in the United States the most soon surpassed ^eno as imperial laureate. He occupied popular. all his time in supplying the court with lyrical dramas and Ary Scheffer first saw light at the town of Dorth, in the oratorios, writing poetry and instructing the Austrian year 1795. His father was a German, and his mother, who princess in music and Italian. He published, in 1733, his was the good genius of her son's life, was a native of Hol­ Olimpiade, which his enthusiastic countrymen honored land. Ary was in his fifteenth year when his father died, with the epithet of" divine"; and in 1734, one of his most and was then sent by his mother to Lille, to complete celebrated musical dramas. La clemenza di Tito, which was his education, while she removed to Paris, where she en­ again set to music by Mozart in 1790. On account of the dured many privations in order to promote the welfare of death of Charles VI, in 1740, and outbreak of war, the her sons. . When he became eighteen years old he united theatre for which he was employed was closed, and Me­ to his artistic studies the work of painting simple genre tastasio then devoted all his time to literary pursuits, pictures such as "Baptism," "The Soldier's Widow," etc., chiefly to translations from the Greek. In 1744 he pub­ for the purpose of aiding in the support of his mother and lished h\B Antigone, and many translations from the ancient family. Pictures of this kind have a good sale; and in Greek authors. With the return of peace in 1757 he wrote France, where art had just passed from the cold classic II repastore, which was performed by the ladies of the im­ trammels, domestic scenes were at that time specially wel­ perial family. His last operatic play, entitled 11 ruggiero, come. was performed on the occasion of the marriage of the Ary Scheffer having been introduced to Lafayette, went, Archduke Ferdinand in 1771. in the year 1818, to the Chateau de la Grange to paint the Metastasio acquired a great deal of property. On the portrait of the great patriot. Scheffer's intimate acquaint­ death of Romanina, she bequeathed him considerable prop­ ance with Lafayette had an important effect on the former, erty, but the poet restored to the lady's husband the right inasmuch as to it may be traced the influence by which of disposing of it. His generosity was almost reckless; yet the painter attached himself to the Orleanists, and caused on his death, which took place on the 12th of April, 1782, him with his two brothers to risk their liberties in the he had a very large estate, which he bestowed upon the plots which preceded the revolution of 1830. It was be­ children of his friend Martinetz, whose hospitality he en­ cause of this intimacy also that the heroic element began joyed when he first arrived at Vienna. to appear in the works of the painter. Up to this time A writer speaking of the character of Metastasio says: Scheffer had devoted himself to simple genre subjects; but "He was beloved as much for his amiable character as for after his acquaintance with Lafayette he began to devote his genius. He was as gentle in his life as in his writings, himself to more ambitious ones. Hence in 1819 he painted and young aspirants to fame had no more devoted friend "The Devotion of the Burghers of Calais;" in 1822 "St. than the venerable poet, who was among the first to recog­ Louis attacked by the Plague, Visiting the Sick;" in 1824, nize the genius of Mozart, and to express his admiration of "Gaston de Foix found dead at Ravenna;" in 1827, "The a comic opera which the youthful composer, then only Death of Jean d'Arc; in 1828 "An Episode of the Retreat twelve years old, had set to music in 1768, at the request of from Russia." the Emperor Joseph. Metastasio was a devout Christian; In 1826, Scheffer, then in his thirty-first year, began and Pope Pius VI, happening to be in Vienna at the time his intimate connection with the members of the Orleans when he was taken ill, hastened to his death-bed and gave family. The painter was at the time engaged at Neuilly by him his benediction." The remains of the poet were bur_ Louis Philippe, then Duke of Orleans, to teach drawing led in the Church of St. Michael, and in 1788, Cardinal Ri. and painting to the members of his household; the artist minaldi placed his bust in the Church of St. Mary, in Rome. was never on very cordial terms with Louis Philippe, but Schlegel says: " A perfect purity of diction, a grave and with the future Queen Amalie, the princess Mary and the tinalloyed delicacy, have rendered Metastasio, in the eyes of Louis Philippe's eldest son, Scheffer became a warm friend. his countrymen, a classic author, the Racine of Italy. In In the life of Ary Scheffer by Mrs. Grote, we read a the softness, tenderness, chasteness, and gentle pathos of very lively account of the manner in which Louis Philippe his verse, he is not surpassed by any other poet of the mu­ was notified of his being called to the throne in 1830. Ary sical drama; and although deficient in the genius of impas­ Scheffer was summoned by M. Thiers to accompany him, sioned tragedy, he is unrivalled in his operatic lays." because it was well known that the painter always kept The lyrical dramas of Metastasio were set to music as soon good horses in his stables, and only on horseback could the as they were written, but none of the original music now requisition be carried from the Hotel de Ville to Neuilly, exists unless perhaps it be in the imperial library in for the barricades in the streets had to be surmounted and Vienna. on horseback only could the messengers do it. After Louis Philippe ascended the throne, Scheffer was sent with the Duke of Orleans to Antwerp, where the —In Mrs. Hamilton's " Lectures on Education," a story Prince went to study fortification. Both the Duke and is told of a school-girl who, during her examination, per­ Duchess of Orleans received him cordially. Miss Tytler, sisted in miscalling the word patriarchs partridges. "Oh,' in her "Modern Painters," says: "The Princess Marie, was the comment of an auditor, "she makes game of the Scheffer had first known as a warm-hearted, wild child, patriarchs." Sydney Smith characterized this as the most then as an eager intellectual girl, and at last as a noble perfect pun he knew.—^Jxi^n^e. woman, receiving, in common with her brother, the Duke THE NOTKE DAME SCHOLA'STIC." 355

of Orleans, the last touch of tender consecration, from an Manchester Art Exhibition, and on this visit he took early death. Ary Scheffer, in some reminiscences which occasion to paint the portrait of the old Queen Amalie. la he has left of Princess Marie, tells with much simplicity 1854 he painted "Ruth and Naomi," "The Magdalene," and naivete the manner in which master and pupil worked " The Groanings," and " The Temptation." together, until the master grew a little tired of correcting In 1856 Madame Scheffer died, leaving after her a daugh­ the bad drawing of the clever pupil's precocious designs, ter, who solaced the remaining years of the artist. He and suggested that she should try modelling, which would went a third time to England, to attend the funeral of the . be new to both. In the very first attempt, Scheffer became Duchess of Orleans, and returned to France in a dying con­ convinced of the Princess's genius, and thenceforth proudly dition. He breathed his last in his own house on the loth and generously chronicles her progress in her quiet palace of June, 1858, in the sixty-fourth year of his age. studio, where she worked with him (forsaking the grand From the author above quoted we extract the following fStes which were occupying court and courtiers), and the account of Scheffer as a painter: "Though a popular, as. little amount of assistance which he rendered her, until she well as a diligent painter, he left very little fortune. His accomplished the figure of 'Jeanne d'Arc watching her generosity, indiscriminate and inordinate, had never been Armour,' which remains Princess Marie's true monu­ stinted, since the days of his youth, when he was regarded ment." as not only 'the father of the family,' but,' the holder of a In the mean time Scheffer's genius illustrated Dante, but stock purse into which all might dip their hands when they he arrived still higher and gave his contributions to relig­ wanted money.' It has been said of Ary Scheffer as an ious art. In 1841 he produced his " Annunciation to the artist, that he was German by birth and French by educa­ ^Shepherds"; in 1842, his" Suffer Little Children to come tion. It may be said of him as a man, that on a German's unto Me"; in 1844 his "Magi"; and in 1847 his "Holy enthusiastic dreaminess was grafted a Frenchman's senti­ Women." mentality, which we are accustomed to regard as not al­ In 1848 Louis Philippe was driven from the throne. ways entirely wholesome. These natural tendencies of Prom the author quoted above we give the following anec­ Scheffer were intensified by the political and patriotic dis­ dote : " In the course of the long interval of upwards of appointments which he experienced, the life he led, the forty years, there occurred another strange coinciding epi­ friends he lost, the failure of his health, and, above all, by sode in reference to Ary Scheffer and the Orleans family. the nature of his faith. So far as we can judge of it, for one- In 1848, on the morning of February 24th, when Louis may draw a mistaken conclusion from his life, it does ap­ Philippe was in the act of abdicating, Scheffer, then a mid­ pear that this man—good, with a strong sense of duty, kind dle-aged man, a captain of the National Guard, was in the to the poor, fond of children,—^would have been saved garden of the Tuileries. A voice, which he did not at first from much of the morbid sensibility which ate into his recognize, called to him from an open window of the pal­ heart and life, and of the dreams of an ideal perfection ace. "When he obeyed the summons, he found the speaker which only tormented and discouraged him, by a clearer to be his old and constant friend, the Queen, who told him faith at once more practical and human, and nearer to the in few words that the King had abdicated, and asked him divine, that would have kept him from the isolation which for his escort and the support of his uniform to the royal was, to a certain extent, fatal to him. We read that after carriages. At the Grille, which opens into the Place de la having made the standard works of France, England, Ger­ Concorde, where a mass of people were assembled, no royal many, and Italy his study, in the original, during many carriages were to be found, but two ordinary 'remises' winter evenings, the books of the Old Testament were more were within hail, and were brought up to the spot. Scheffer, frequently in his hands than any other, for the last years of aware that concealment was impossible, had the presence his life, because 'the study of pastoral, primitive, rude of mind to take off his shako, and waving it in the air, to forms of society, with the touching episodes here and there call out to the people—'Le roi part—vive le roi!' The occurring in the history of those early peoples, had an un­ people offered no resistance, but there were few cheers, fading attraction for Scheffer,' while ' it was from the New while Scheffer assisted the King and Queen and various Testament that the larger number of his sacred composi­ members of the family into the remises. Afterwards, tions were taken, for he loved to dwell upon the humaniz­ Scheffer conducted the Duchess of Orleans and her two ing influences and devotional feelings connected with the sons to the Chamber of Deputies, to which the Duchess mission of Jesus Christ, whose ideal lineaments it was ever appealed in vain, in order to secure the right of succession his loftiest ambition to portray.' * to her son." ******** In 1849 Ary Scheffer went to Holland and Germany. " In the portrait sketch of him, Scheffer is an anxious, al­ He was received with every mark of welcome at the courts most harassed-looking man. His hair has receded from of Belgium and the Netherlands. He never liked the his forehead, his brows are knit, his mouth, unconcealed by English. "I do not like England—that is, the English. his moustache, is rather large, with the lips turned out, as They are such proud, scornful, conceited people! looking other lips are turned in. The same peculiari.ty appears in upon themselves as superior to all the rest of the world!" an exaggerated form in the portrait of Benozzo Gozzoli, an However, on the death of Louis Philippe, in 1850, he over­ old Italian painter, and a pupil of Fra Angelico's. came this dislike and crossed the Channel to attend the " Ary Scheffer's faults as an artist lay in his inadequate funeral of the ex-king. execution with reference to drawing, and particularly to It was in 1850 that Scheffer, then in his fifty-sixth year, coloring; his merits belonged to his poet temperament, and married the widow of General Baudrand. The union was its power of fervent expression, while it may be that the not a very happy one, for though the lady was greatly at­ acknowledged defects of the temperament in a tendency to tached to him yet such was her jealousy of his friends that extravagance and mysticism also qualify the merits of the she brought little peace to' the household. In 1851, he visited England again, to be present at the * Mrs. Grote, Life of Ary Scheffer. 856 THE NOTRE BAME SCHOLASTIC. pictures. His best works are his 'Augustine with his cryptogams or flowerless plants. The Lycopodium tribe, or 33iother Monica,' in which one need not go far to see traces plants comprising the larger portion of forest trees, the of the relation between Scheffer and his own mother. I Equisitum tribe, and fungi also contributed to increase the do not doubt that my readers have seen the widely spread number of flowerlessplant s of this age. photographs of this picture, where the mother in her depth Among the flowering plants were conifers, SigillariiB, of spiritual foresight is almost transported to heaven while Stigmarias and also some fruit-bearing plants. Flowerless yet on earth; and the young, ardent son hesitates between plants constituted the greater portion of vegetable life in the nearly overwhelming influence of his mother's convic­ this age. tions and his own tumultuous doubts and passions. I think The animals of this age were radiates, mollusks, articu­ the original of this picture is in the possession of the Or­ lates, and vertebrates. Crinoid species were the most nu­ leans family, and so is the original of another noble picture, merous among the radiates. Bryozoans and brachiopods that of' Kuth and Naomi,' Scheffer's' Magdalene clinging were the most numerous among mollusks, crustaceans,. to the foot of the Cross,' is almost as well known by photo­ myriapods and various kinds of insects among the articu-. graphs as his' Augustine and Monica.' His Faust pictures, lates, while ganoids, salachians and various kinds of rep­ particularly ' Slargaret in the Garden' and ' Margaret at tiles constituted the principal species of the sub-kingdom the Church,' have also made a wide impression. Perhaps of vertebrates. The different kinds of both animal and one of Ary Scheffer's most characteristic pictures is that vegetable life are ascertained by fossil remains found in singular picture called ' The Groanings,' which Mrs. Grote rocks. The principal kinds of rocks formed in this age thus describes: ' The sentiment which is shadowed forth werelimestone, sandstone, and slate; along with iron ore, in this allegory is supposed to teach us that mortal sorrows and coal. The most important of these formations is coal; and passions become purified and refined, in proportion as and since in our age it has become such an item of interest, the beings reflected from them recede from this earth. At a description of its manner of forming may be interesting. foot are seen various heads, mostly of rather ordinary Coal consists of decayed vegetables. To understand how stamp; as the group ascends heavenwards the counte­ decayed vegetables or plants could assume the form and nances assume a more radiant aspect, until towards the character of coal, it is necessary that we should know what higher portion of the picture the personages floating in are the chief constituents of both coal and plants. space appear as it were spiritualized, in virtue of their ap­ The essential element of coal is carbon; and the essential proach to the " mansions of the blest." Looking attentively elements of plants are carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. If at the group, you discern figures already made familiar to oxygen and hydrogen are. expelled, evidently carbon will memory from having been introduced in former composi­ remain, and take the form of coal. To expel these two ele­ tions. Among them the artist's own sainted mother, under ments from wood, there are two processes, one of which the figure of Si. Monica, Beatrice, Dante, and others.'" may be regarded as the plan of nature in forming mineral coal, the other the art of man in forming charcoal. Coal. As stated in the commencement of this composition, the plants were very numerous in those low or marshy places^ Before commencing to describe the peculiarities of the Leaves falling off, and branches also from time to time, subject of this essay, it may be well to define geologj'' and formed large masses of dead vegetation in those marshes; state the different times into which the whole period of and while more were still falling on the top, at the bottom time since the beginning of the world has been divided. decomposition was going on, which expelled all of the Geology treats principally of the rock formations since the constituents from the plants but carbon. In this manner commencement of time. In order to arrive at a truthful mineral coal was formed. conclusion, it also considers both the animal and vegetable The other method is by decomposing the wood slowly life that was in existence during the different ages or peri­ over a half smothered fire. Owing to the short time re­ ods. Hence we may consider geology as a treatise on quired to make charcoal, and the care taken to exclude all animal and vegetable life since the beginning of time, as foreign substances, it is more valuable in a number of cases well as a treatise on the various rock formations. The than mineral coal. It makes no cinder; while most kinds whole period of time since the commencement of the world of mineral coal leave a great amount of cinder after burn­ is divided into five grand divisions, known as times. They ing. are called, respectively, the Azoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, That mineral coal is formed from wood is evident from Cenozoic, and the Age of Mind, or the Human era. Those the logs and stumps of trees found in the coal-beds, changed times are respectively separated into ages or periods. To into perfect coal, and still retaining their natural position. describe each of those ages or periods would require much The beds of coal are often very thick, sometimes forty feet; more time and space than are at our present disposal. and others again are scarcely an inch in thickness. This The Paleozoic time is divided into three ages: The Age of variation in the thickness of coal-beds may have been o.c- mollusks, or Silurian; the Age of fishes, or Devonian, and casioned by changes in the earth's crust. We are certain the Age of coal-plants, or Carboniferous. that coal was formed by decayed vegetable matter in low The Carboniferous Age immediately preceded the Meso­ or marshy places, but now coal is found principally in high zoic time. In the Carboniferous Age the surface of dry or mountainous places. Hence we conclude that the pro­ land greatly exceeded in extent that of any previous age. cess of forming coal was sooner interrupted by earthquakes Although the surface of dry land was great, it was also very •or upheavals of tl.. earth's crust in small beds of coal than low, and consequently a large extent was covered with in larger beds. A lother fact becomes evident from this swamp or marshy places. The vegetation was abundant, reasoning. All uicuntains containing coal at the present as well in those low places as on land much higher. There time were low or niarshy places in the carboniferous age. were about nine hundred species of plants in this age. The If they were mon. tains then, coal could not have been most prominent order was Acrogens, to which belong formed in them, e\ (n if mountain-heaps of fallen vegetation THE NOTRE D:&:ME SCHOLASTIC. 357 had accumulated oa their tops. For water will remain called by the collective name of laura; but they always only in low places, and to form mineral coal the aid of dwelt personally separate. For this reason that all lived water was absolutely necessary. The Alleghany jVToun- separate, the luiira was distinguished from the ecenobiumot tains, then, we find, were not in existence until after the ex­ convent, where the monks dwelt in society together, din­ piration of the carboniferous age. They may have been form­ ing at the same table and living under a rule. Tliere ig ing towards its close, but were not completed until sometime this distinction between the anchoret and a hermit thatt afterwards. Since, in this age, great amounts of sand and although the abode of the former is not unfrequently called clay were carried from place t» place by the waters, those a hermitage, the latter ranged at liberty while the ancbore, drifts of sand may have prevented the further accumula­ rarely if ever quitted his cell. tion of coal. Such a quantity may have been carried at St. Paul, the First Hermit, was the first person who de­ one time as to fill up those marshy places and raise them voted himself to this manner of life. St. Anthony was dis­ higher than the level of the water. Either of those two tinguished among the hermits for his virtue, and in his day' ageats named present satisfactory reasons why the beds of the solitudes of the Thebais were filled with anchorets who coal vary so much in thickness. fled thither to avoid the dreadful persecutions which were Coal is of two kinds: bituminous, which produces flame, carried on against the Christians, or to perfect themselves and anthracite, which contains but very little bitumen. in holiness. St. Athanasius, the great Doctor, and Bishop Bitumen burns witli a bright flame; while the anthra­ of Alexandria, took refuge with the anchorets when perse­ cite has no flame, but gives out intense heat. cuted by the Arian heretics. Coal consists of small layers, compressed solid by the In all ages and in all countries, retirement from the weight on top of the bed while forming; or like rocks bustle of the world to the solitudes of nature has been held while cooling and drying, the particles of which they are as a great means towards facilitating the attainment of a composed were pressed compactly together and retained virtuous life, as adding strength to naturally strong char­ their hardened condition afterwards. acters, enabling the soul to overcome the weaknesses of The principal amount of petroleum, or well oil, as it is the flesh, and the mind to follow out great ideas without sometimes called, was formed in the carboniferous age. interruption. Thus we read in the Old Testament that the Like coal, it is the result of decayed vegetables, and being prophets prepared themselves in solitude for the tasks of a flammable character, and all burning away, is all bitu­ which awaited them; and in profane history that the Pyth­ men. Lately, bitumen clothed in the name of petroleum, agoreans, Stoics, Cynics, and Platonists commended the or kerosene oil, has become one of the wonders of the age. self-denial and quiet happiness of the solitary sage. Soli­ Its superiority over all other flammable materials as a light tude is called by Yasari the delight and school of great is evident. This petroleum is generally supposed to come minds, and in many parts of the East it has been held from from the subcarboniferous rocks; but it may have come time immemorial a religious act to leave forever the.stir from the rocks of the Devonian or other ages. and strife of the busy world. The climate during this age was adapted to the forming After the coming of Christ and the establishment of His of coal. The degree of heat was uniform all over the globe, Church, the continual prevalence of bloody wars, civil and was never colder than warm-temperate. The atmos­ commotions and bitter persecutions of the Christians, made phere contained a larger amount of carbonic acid than now; retirement and religious meditation agreeable to men of and this acid being such a great nourishment for plants in­ quiet and contemplative minds. Besides, the precept of creased their growth very much. The heat being more in­ our Lord to leave all things and follow Him made that tense than now, rendered the atmosphere also more moist kind of life one full of consolation to all men desirous of than it is at present. The lowness of the land also con­ advancing in the way of Christian perfection. Accordingly tributed much to the moisture of the atmosphere. we see in the first centuries of the Christian era eminent Coal seems to have been designed by the Author of na­ scholars and virtuous men like St. Augustine among the ture as a blessing for man. It serves all his wants as a fuel. anchorets, and others of the same high degree of sanctity, And iron ore, which is so useful when smelted into iron, living in retirement and prayer. is generally found convenient to beds of coal. Thus we In Egypt and in Syria the anchorets were most numer­ have a metal which is so valuable to us and the material ous, and in these places it was that convents were first with which to make it pliable, both together. established, which were filled with inmates anxious to es­ J. D. McC. cape from the tumult and bloodshed that distracted those countries. The Church through its councils soon began to institute rules for those who desired to live the life of Anchorets. anchorets. The canons of one of the local councils say— "Those wiio aSect to be anchorets, shall first, for three Since the day when St. Paul the First Hermit withdrew years, be Confined to a cell in a monastery; and if, after from the world and spent his days in solitude, the number this, they profess that they persist, let them be examined of men who have become anchorets has been very great. by the Bidhop or abbot, let them live one year at large, "Wearied of the world, men who have held high positions and if they still approve their first choice, let them be con. in the state have voluntarily secluded themselves from the fined to their cell, and not be permitted to go out of it but - society and converse of their fellow-men, have retired from by the consent and after the benediction of the Bishop, in. the affiiirs of earth and devoted their lives to study and to case of great necessity." prayer. Their dwellings were in numberless instances en­ It was as early as the seventh century that the Charcli tirely apart from the habitations of other men, in the fast­ began to lay down these rules, and it was considered a nesses of the forest, or in the wild mountain caves. Some­ great honor to be allowed to become an anchoret. Indeed times a number of them made their abodes in the vicinity in some abbeys the monks made a practice of selecting of each other, when the cells which they occupied were from amongst them a brother who was thought to be the "358 THE N^OTKE DAME SCHOLASTIC. most exemplary, and if he desired it he was allowed to con- majestic Empire was overrun by the fierce unlettered ecrate himself and become an anchoret. hordes of the North, most of those noble monuments were The cells in which anchorets dwelt were according to thrown down and either defaced or demolished. Excava­ some rules only twelve feet square, built of stone and with tions were made under a decree of Pope Sixtus V, and three windows only. The anchoret locked himself in and brought to light four of them, which were repaired by cast the key out of the window, or ordered the doorway to Fontana, the architect of the Pope. Since the time of be walled up. His food was brought to him, and he spent that illustrious Pontiif several others have been dug up. his life in penance and prayer. The cell of St. Dunstan In Constantinople several obelisks have been preserved, of Glastonbury was, according to Osborn, in his life of the the most celebrated of which stood in that part of the saint, two and a half feet broad, and barely large enough hippodrome denominated Media Spina. A variety of sub­ for him to stand. jects were sculptured on the four sides of the base of this In our day there are few men who retire to any stricter noble monument; the bassi-relievi of the north side have seclusion than that of a monastery, though up to a few been published by Spohr. At Catana in Sicily, fragments years ago there were some anchorets near Rome. They of two Egyptian obelisks have been discovered; these were dwelt in solitary woods, into which no one was'allowed to probably conveyed thither by the Romans. One of them enter under pain of excommunication. "We know not has been set up again and presents a curious appearance* whether they are still there, but presume not. because of its having eight faces. We read in an old volume that in the churchyard in Obelisks. Penrith, Cumberland County, England, are two square obelisks each made of a single stone, eleven or twelve feet Obelisks are lofty monolithic, quadrangular shafts, taper­ high, about twelve inches in diameter, and twelve by eight ing gradually from the base to the summit, which termi­ at the sides; the highest about eighteen inches diameter, nate in a pointed, four-sided pyramid. They are the most with something like a transverse piece, and mortised into simple and striking of the architectural monuments of a round vase. They are fourteen feet asunder, and between Egypt, to which country they are peculiar, and are con­ them is a grave enclosed between four semicircular stones nected by tradition with its earliest public works. of the unequal lengths of five, six, four and a half, and two Many ingenius theories have been advanced to explain feet high, having on the outsides rude carvings and the tops their origin and purpose, but none wholly clear up the notched. This is called the Giant's Grave, and ascribed mystery attaching to the subject. By some, they were re­ to Sir Bwan Csesarius, who is said to have been as tall as garded as in some way connected with the worship of the one of the columns and capable of stretching his arms from sun, and the name has been derived by some etymologists one column to the other. from a Hebrew word signifying a serpent sacred to the sun- The opinion of modern Egyptologists is that the obelisks Art, Music and Literature. were monumental structureSj partly religious, partly his­ torical, and to a certain extent ornamental, and on which —Detroit is boasting a comic opera, " Our Mamma," were inscribed the purposes for which adjacent temples written by Fred. J. Thomas, which is shortly to be pro­ were erected, the names of the deities in whose honor they duced. were dedicated, the name and regnal year of the king by —The spring exhibition of the New York Academy of Design is announced to open on March 28 and to close on whom they were raised, and other facts of sufficient public May 31. importance to be thus recorded. —The portrait of Cardinal McCloskey, painted by Mr. The obelisks usually stood in pairs, the smaller ones be­ W. H. Powell, was sold recently for the trifling sum of four ing of sandstone or granite, while the larger ones were of hundred dollars. Tose-colored granite of Syene, in Southern Egypt, which —^Rubinstein, who was entirely to return to private life, was capable of a high polish. is projecting an artistic tour through Switzerland, Ger­ many and Sweden. The first mention of the obelisks in history is that of —J. C. Abbott will add another biography—probably Eamasus, King of Egypt, about the time of the Trojan war, one of Franklin—to complete his series of "American Pio­ and which was forty cubits high. Phins, a King of Egypt neers and Patriots," in twelve volumes. erected one of the height of fifty-five cubits; and Ptolemy —^]\Iiunie Huck gains immensely in Berlin. She is grad­ Philadelphus raised one of eighty cubits in memory of Ar- ually assuming Lucca's roles amid great enthusiasm. The sinoe. In Eome, the Emperor Augustus erected one in the Emperor presented her with a costly bracelet. Campus Martins which served to mark the hours of the —^Bellini has not yet a monument in Italy. A Neapoli­ tan named Plorino has opened a subscription to repair that day on a horizontal dial drawn on the pavement. omission, heading it with a sum of 1,000 francs. >^i Obelisks were called by the Egyptian priests the fingers —Lady Georgiana Fullerton is engaged in translating of the sun, because in Egypt they were made to serve as from the French a life of Madame Barat, the foundress of styles or gnomons to mark the hours on the ground. They that excellent institute of teachers, the "Ladies of the Sa­ are called by the Arabs, " Pharaoh's needles." cred Heart." The most common and frequent situations in which obe­ —It is stated in the English papers that Mr. Mallais' land­ scape, "Over the Hills and Far Away," intended for the lisks were raised was the space in front of temples. Such next Royal academy, has been sold to a private gentleman was the situation of the two fine obelisks at Luxor, which for 3,500 guineas. are about one hundred feet high and which are each made —A new and revised issue of the poems of Ebenezer of a single block of granite taken from the quarries of Elliott," The Corn Law Rhymer," is in preparation, to be Elephantine. followed by his life and correspondence. Both will be ed­ ited by his son, Rev. E. Elliott, of Antigua. When the Eoman Empire*was at the height of its spen- —The fifth volume of Mr. Freeman's "History of the "dor and .power, many of the Egyptian obelisks were re­ Norman Conquest " is nearly ready for publication. It is moved from their original situations to Italy. When this said that it will contain a full exammation of Domesday, . THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. 359

and will prove an invaluable addition to the early legal lit­ of different German states, professors, teachers, publishera," erature and history of En.orland. and printers, which was to meet at Berlin early in January. —A. new work on " Burmah and its Inhabitants," by To this committee the rules for a reformed orthography Charles Gordon, is announced in London. In this latter drawn up by the Bavarian professor, Herr Von Rtumer, work the ethnology, zoology and botany of the country of Erlangen, who was commissioned with the work by will be treated of, and many traits and peculiarities of the Minister Falk. The result of the deliberations of the com.- people of this comparatively unknown land are to be given. mittee will be communicated to the various governments, and it is hoped that they will introduce the new uniform —Rt. Rev. T. A. Becker, Rev. Aug. J. Thebaud, S. J. spelling in all the public schools and pnblicitions, aud Very Rev. James A. Corcoran. Rev. Charles I. White, that authors and publishers will gradually adopt it. Very Rev. Edward Jacker, T. W. M. Marshall, Dr. O. A. Brownson, Gen. John Gibbon, and George D. Wolff will —The English PiiblU>hers^ Circular gives its usual tabu­ contribute articles to the April number of the American lated summary of the English bof)k production of the year. Catholic Qiturterhj Beview. The total number recorded was 5,318. of which 3,573 were new books, 1,331 new editions, and 31G American impor­ —A new symphoiy by Prof. J. K- Paine, of Harvard, tations. Of the months, August and September show the will be performed for the first time at Theodore Thomas' minimum and December the maximum production, the new symphony concert in Boston. The wide reputation figures of the latter being 1,103. There has been a marked of Mr. Paine as one of the foremost of American musicians increase, as compared with 1874, of works on theology, fic­ will make the production of this important work an event tion, history,;poetry, and art, and a decrease in educational of no inconsiderable interest. books and juveniles. The issue of theological books was —The present minister of the fine arts of the Turkish 783; educational, 343; juvenile, 319; fiction, 993; law, sultan was formerly a pupil of Gerome. While in Paris 135; economics. 135; art, science, and illustration works, last October he bought for the imperial collection four pic­ 68G; travels, 333; history and biography, 43G; poetry and tures: "La Gyuece," by Gustavo Boulaneer, price $5,000; drama, 371; year books and bound serials, 358; medical "Arcachon," by Van Marke. price §3,500,* "Place Con­ books, 137; belles-lettres, 199; unclassified, 311. TAe Cir­ corde," by De lsrittiRobert Franz, at the request of the Society. They are sup­ lications. A very readable and entertaining number. plemental'}' to Mozart's scoring. It may not be generally —The contents of the February number of the Manhat­ known that the "Messiah was never finished. Many of tan Monthly are: I, Patents; if, Sigismund. A Tale of the accompaniments—to " The people that walk in dark­ the Fourteenth Century, from the Italian; IH, Social ness" and "With his stripes." for instance—are usually Architecture, No. 3; IV, Ancient Irish Missions in Ger­ filled out by the organist. This is the only Society now many; V, A Valentine; VI, Famous ^Memories of the possessing the peculiar property of a full and complete Month; VII, Washington; VITI, Lingard, the Historian; score of the " Slessiah," which they will give at the next IX, How "The Chief" was Robbed; X, Before the Doors. performance of that oratorio. From the German; XI, Lives of the Signers of the Declara­ —Alfred Pease has been writing a Dianoforte concerto tion of Independence; XH, Ecclesia; XHT, Dr. H. J. An­ in E fiat, of which the New York Tribune says: "The derson ;XIV, Miscellany; XV, Current Publications. The three movements are an Allegro con fuoco, an Andante present is an interesting number. religioso, and a second Allegro con fuoco, alternating with Presto. The themes in each are comparatively simple, rhythmical, melodious, and very pleasing, and though —^Louisville has been amused,by a row in a fashionable they are handled with considerable freedom the construc­ boarding house. A border refused to either pay his bill, tion is so careful that the clearness and regularity of the or to go away until the month for which he had bargained whole work will strike the most careless listener. Orches­ had expired. The landlady was told by the lawyers that tra and pianoforte have an almost equal prominence, and the money was not legally due until the end of the month, there are many orchestral passages which we judge must and that .she must fulfil her part of the contract before she be highly effective in performance." could sue him. She next took the case into her own —^It is said that in no European country is there such a hands, put damp sheets on his bed, fed him on the poorest confusion in orthography as in Germany. It is hoped that viands, and put a whinning puppy in the room next to his. a remedy may be found by the congress of representatives He retreated after three days of eudurauce.—Exchange. 360 THE ]SrOTEE DAME SCHOLASTIC.

that young man who does not correct himself in this par­ ticular will have cause for regret all his life. But how many a promising young man fails to set his habits right in this particular! His real wants being few, he imagines they will always be so. Having no one to provide for but Terms, $1.30 I»er AJninxin, Postpaid. himself, he never thinks that others may in time be de­ pendent on him. Having health, youth, energy and strength, he fails to remember that they will not last. He expends THE SCHOLASTIC AIMMSAG may now he pro­ his money freely. The idle, frivolous and transitory pleas­ cured at the Students' Office, and at Jansen, McClurg «S5 ures of the day use up his money, and sometimes even pleas­ Co.'s, 117 and 119 State Street, Chicago.- ures pernicious in themselves empty his purse. He does not give heed to the importance of that period of his life when he is capable of energy in his business. He suffers 3Vo-fcre I>ame, FeT>rixary 9, XSTe. the golden opportunity to pass unimproved, and he finds himself later on with his energy spent and a habit of spend­ ing money acquired which he cannot overcome. He has Economy. laid up nothing, and must forever be a drudge. He has given himself up so completely to pleasures in his youth, We believe that, as a rule, the young man who com­ and pleasure has ruined him. When full manhood comes mences his career in life on his own resources, backed by it finds him unable to purchase even the innocent pleasures a good education, is far better off than those who have which aid in making life happy. wealthy parents to start them in life. He has but few Every young man then, even while at college, should en­ wants, his income is not considerable, and by learning to deavor to acquire habits of economy, for the habit will fol­ practice economy in the management of his small resources low him after he leaves, and will assist him on his way he is fitting himself to manage properly large ones. He through life. should accumulate a little under all circumstances. He so manages what he saves that it may hecome productive, GeograpMeal Text-Books. and he thus becomes a capitalist in a small way, and is sup­ ported by the interest of this capital and by the reward of Not a year passes by without some publisher giving to -his labors either as a clerk, mechanic or a professional man. the public a text-book on Geography. Of course the com­ Accordingly as he manages with prudence his affairs, his piler and the publisher declare that just such a book wag capital will augment until he is enabled to possess, if not needed. Geography, they declare, is a study so intimately affluence, at least sufficient wealth to enable him to live connected with history that the importance of its study comfortably. • This is man's lot, and if he will be but so cannot be too highly extolled; and in order that this study persuaded, his happy lot. Throughout his whole life it maybe followed systematically, it is necessary that it should gives to him pleasant employment, that of making his con­ be made for the younger students very plain and simple, dition better. When wealth is acquired suddenly, by specu­ and its difficulties brought out as • the student advances. lation or otherwise, this purpose is defeated, and much as Such are tlie merits which each successive compiler claims the sudden acquisition of property adds to his security, it as distinguishing the particular series that he produces. . takes from the interest and pleasure of life by banishing But such is not really the case. We remember, years from it the very spirit of enterprise. ago, when Guyot's series were first published, that the No young man then should regret that he may have to name of Mr. Guyot as a scientist carried with it such weight commence the work of life with little or nothing. In the as to cause the rapid introduction of that series. It was order of Providence it has not so happened without de­ not, however, compiled by the learned gentleman himself, sign. It is this which best develops and disciplines char­ but by a lady, the only part in the enterprise taken by Mr. acter, it is the best protector of virtue, and the only way of Guyot being the drawing of the maps. The reading-mat­ educating his powers for good to their fullest capacity. ter was poor; and although Mr. Guyot possesses great Ample means are withheld from him when young, because knowledge of Physical Geography, yet, not being ac­ he is not to be trusted with them. Five out of every six quainted with the wants of a school-room, the maps were hecome ruined because they have full control over money failures. The consequence was that such schools—those before they have reached the age of thirty. Before thatage of Cincinnati and Pittsburgh, among others—which had the free control of money usually leads to idleness, drunken­ adopted Guyot as a text-book were compelled to give it up ness, gambUng, and ruin. and re-introduce Mitchell's series. Hence it is necessary for a young man to accustom him­ We know of no better Geographies than those of Mitch­ self to habits of economy. Without this virtue, industry ell. The series, including Primary, Intermediate and Phys­ and perseverance will be of no avail to anyone. It would ical, is well graded; the subjects are taken up at the low­ seem that it was the design of Providence to bring up est point, and are carried forward by a regular succession young people to this virtue by placing a limit to their of books, on a uniform plan, so that the student in passing means of expenditure. This effect however is not invari­ from a lower to a higher will have no discrepancies to cor­ ably produced by the discipline of early life. The foolish rect, no erroneous first impressions to do away with. The indulgence of jwrents often gives to the young man those young beginner is also attracted and interested by the habits of expense which in after life are fatal to his com­ freshness and cheerful character of the illustrations, as well fort, his respectability, and his peace of life. ISTo mistakes as by the beautiful finish of the maps. This was a marked are to be more regretted than the foolish and wanton waste feature in Mitchell's when first issued, many years ago, and of money in youth. .It is simply a matter of habit; and the publishers seem to spare no pains in improving it with \ THE NOTEE DAME SCHOLASTIC. 361

ime. Instead of the old hackneyed subjects, these books Personal. -contain really good pictures, from original designs, and -may safely challenge comparison with any other school —Morton Burge, of '75, is doing well in Nashville. Geographies now published. -De Forrest Davis, of '61, is living in Kalamazoo, Mich- —Charles Williams, of '53, is now residing in St. Paul' In this series, Physical and Political Geography are so Minn. combined as to render them a consistent and harmonious —^3Ir. Fishburn, of Joliet, HI., spent a day with us last whole. One uniform plan is adopted throughout, and the week. . same order is followed in the description given of every —John Bracken, of '49, is in business, in Philadelphia, part of the earth. First, all that which comes under the Penn. head of Physical Geography, such as the position and ex­ —J. "W. 'Wemert, of '73, is in the First National Bank, tent of the country, and then its natural features, in which Toledo, Ohio. are included descriptions of the mountains, plains, lakes, —Mr. B. H. Han, of Luna, Ohio, was at Notre Dame on rivers, and whatever constitutes the surface, the soil and Tuesday last. —Dr. A. M. Eansom, of '73, is practicing medicine in climate, with all those things which are produced by the Kalamazoo, Mich. climate and soil. Having given what come under the head —Charles Hake, of '75, brought his brother to the Col­ of its Physical character, the Political Geography of the lege last Wednesday. state is described, including the population, as to race and —^jVIr. W. J. Onahan, of Chicago, was the guest of the descent, as well as numbers; the customs and manners of College on Monday last. the people; the chief cities; the religion, government and —John Rousey, of '58, is a practicing dentist in Toledo. state of education among the people; and occasionally He was married last year. important historical statements. —Michael McCormack, of '75, is doing business with his The Atlas which accompanies tlie School Geography as father, in Nashville, Tennessee. well as the maps in the remainder of the series have been -—Rev. Father Noll, of Elkhart, Ind., spent a few mo­ ments with us on Monday last. faithfully produced from original designs of great merit, —Prank Ready, of '72, holds a position in the Nashville and are superior to the maps given in any other series. Post-Offlce, Nashville, Tennessee. Those in Monteith's, for instance, are small, and not suited —^Rev. John Lauth has been appointed pastor of St. Pat­ to young students. The larger and more comprehensive rick's Church, South Bend, Ind. the map the more interest the pupil will take in its —^Isaac Miller, of '70, is a part owner of the Hurricane study. Mineral Springs, Hurricane, Tenn. In the method followed by Mitchell, many and impor­ —^H. H. Hunt, of '75, is in the employment of the C. B. tant advantages are secured to the pupil. The greatest & Q. R. R. at Plattsmouth, Nebraska. —John Williams, of '48, is doing well in St. Paul, Minn. clearness and exictncss of statement are obtained, no two He was formerly city treasurer of that city. subjects differing widely coming in the same division. By —^Mrs. Geo. Rhodius, of Indianapolis, Ind., was here last separating each statement in this manner, the compiler has week. She donated §35 to the Lemonnier Chapel. been enabled to give a large amount of useful information —^Phil. Ryan, an old student of the University, is with without confusing the mind of the pupil, and the matter the Krebs Lithographing Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. thus presented is easily understood. Then again, any fact —^Edward Davis, of '73, is now residing in Austin, Texas, wanted may be readily found, without causing either where we learn he has established a fine business. - teacher or pupil to glance at line after line. Besides this, —Thomas Rousey, of '58, is practicing medicine in To­ it is very difficult for a young pupil to commit to memory, ledo, Ohio. We learn that he has a large practice. —James Pinder, of'61, formerly of Lafayette, liid., is now unless there be a certain order in each day's lesson, and as in business in Toledo, Ohio, where he is doing very well. in this series all the matter is arranged according to a uni­ —Charles A. C. Clowes, of '69, is with H. and J. Loomis' form order, the lessons are more easily learned by the pu­ in the flour-milling business, in South Bend, Ind. He is pil and taught by the teacher, while once learned they re­ doing well and reports business excellent at present. main more permanently impressed on the memory. —^Rev. W. F. O'Mahony, for the last two years pastor of In this series of Geographies there is one thing which St. Patrick's Church, South Bend, Ind., left for Watertown, Wis., where for the coming year he will be stationed at St. we call especial attention to. In other series, the compilers, Bernard's Church. when speaking of the manners and customs of Catholic —^Rev. Father Hannon, of Toledo, O., who is so well countries, give way to their prejudices'against the Church, known at Notre Dame, has, after much labor, succeeded in ^nd make uncalled for and false statements which render establishing a Circulating Library at St. Patrick's Church, their works unfit to be put in the hands of Catholic pupils, in that city. He has now some fifteen hundred volupaea of choice wprks, and expects to add to it shortly. We wish lu Mitchell's series such is not the case, and hence they the Rev. gentleman every success, and hope his labors in have received the warm approbation of the leading Catho­ this direction will be appreciated by the Catholics of To­ lic educators in the United States. It was to avoid this ledo. fault of most Geographies that Mr. Sadlier attempted to get out a new series of Geographies, but the series is a complete Local Items. failure, not because of his endeavor to issue a Geography in­ —^Now what did that turkey say ? tended for Catholic schools, but because he simply took the ^—We had a little snow this last week. maps used in Monteith's Geography and added a little here —^The Lakes were frozen over on Tuesday last. and there to the reading matter, to give it a Catholic ap­ —Classes re-commenced on Thursday morning. pearance. Mr. Sadlier's series does not come up to our —A number of societies elected officers this past week. idea of what a series of Geographies should be, and hence —^Renew your subscriptions to the Circulating Library. we recommend in all Catholic schools, the retention—or, —^The Minims have a good table in their recreation halt if they do "not already use it, the adoption—of Mitchell as a —The mice hunters had a lively time at the farm on text-book. Tuesday. . , . --/

362 THE NOTEE DAME SCHOLASTIC.

—Every one should subscribe to the Lemonnier Circu­ sibly could, while the good refectorian gave them as fine a lating Library. luncli as any could desire. —A. young alligator was lately received here and placed —The Librarian furnishes us the following obstract of the report of the Lemonnier Circulating Library for the in the Museum. session ending Jan. 31st, 1870: No. of books drawn, 4820; —^Another addition will soon be made to the Lemonnier No. of books purchased, 204; No. of books presented, 158; Circulating Library. No. of enrolled readers, 243; No. of members, 134; Amt. —The covering sergeant, or right guide, in the Senior collected, §134.00; Amt. expended, §253 75. department is an ex-Junior. —" The Prince of Portage Prairie," originally written by —Tbe Band were out serenading on the morning of the Prof. Stace and remodelled by the same, will soon be 2d, ushering in the second session. brought out and throw into the shade all dramas heretofore —On the 30th ult. the IMinims enjoyed a good skate on a produced at Notre Dame. It w^ill be acted by the Philo- shallow pond in the neighborhood. patrians. Thespians. Columbians, Philodemics, St. Ceci- —Quite a number of fine collections of stamps have been lians, and all others, look out. Tou will be eclipsed. made by students in the Junior Department. —The percentages for each class and the names of those —^By mistake the names of Henry Faxon and Jacob who were promoted were read in the study-halls on Tues- Perea were left out of the Roll of Honor last week. dai' evening last. After the readi ng was over Rev. Presi­ —^There, that old hedgehog must see his shadow on the dent Colovin addressed the students, complimenting them 3nd and bring us bad weather for the next six weeks. upon their success in the Examination, and encouraging them to further exertions during the coming session, —The Minims are very anxious for a heavv fall of snow —The examination of classes at Notre Dame is iirogressing in order that they may take a sleigh-ride to St. Joe. Farm. favorably, and we understand that that of the civil engineering —^The students have now entered upon the second ses­ is the most satisfactorj' of all. The prospects of the coming sion with the full determination of making it a successful session, beginning next month, are grooving even more promis­ one. ing than was anticipated, some weeks ago.—South Bend JSerald. —^The Professor of Natural Sciences has received a num­ —The SCHOLASTIC ALJIAKAC has been received. It is ber of very fine "slides" from Messrs. E. T. and H.An­ issued from the office of the NOTRE D.urB SCHOLASTIC, thony. Notre Dame, Indiana, and is very interesting in appearance —^We were shown a very handsome crayon drawing of and tasteful in its typography. Most of the articles have the late Father Lemonnier. It was drawn b3' Mr. Thomp appeared during the year in the SCHOL-ASTIC itself, which is one of the bri?btest and best edited of the college papers. son of Toledo. —CatlwUc Standard. —On Tuesday last, a general rec. was indulged in on account of the closing of the examinations and the com­ —The following subscriptions to the Chapel of Lourdes mencement of the 2d session. have been received, viz: Mrs. Geo. Rhodiu=!, Indianapolis, Ind., §25.00; Henrv Bastiiret, France, §400 00; Marie —As may he seen by the list of averages in another col­ Bastaret, France, §300 00: A FrienJ, 25.00; John Mc- umn, the examination passed by the majority of the stu­ Hngh, Lafayette. Ind., §10 00; J. T. AIcEIugh. Lnfiyette, dents was better than in any other year. Ind., §0 00; J. O'SIeara, Cincinnati, Ohio; §5.00; J. B. —^"William Tell" will be accompanied bv the "Nervous O'Brian, Kewanee, 111., §5 00. Man" when he visits Notre Dame on the 22d. "We shall extend a hearty welcome to both gentlemen. —A meeting of the Thespian Society, for the se^ii-an- nual election of officers, took place on Feb. 2nd. The —Two shawls were found on the evening of the 31st. election is as follows: Rev. P. J. Colovin, Director; Prof. J. The owners can have them by proving property, paying A. Lyons, President; ^Y. T. Bill, R"cording Secretary; for this advertisement, and calling on B. Alban. Jno. J. Ewing, Corresponding Sec'y; H. C. Cassidy, —On the 2nd of February Mr. Tliomas Walsh and Bros. Treasurer; John Rourke, Librarian; E. J. Graves, 1st. Lawrence and Remigius made their religiou.s Profession in Censor; E. S. Monahan, 2nd. Censor; C. Otto, 3rd. Cen­ - the Chapel of the Novitiate, Notre Dame, Ind. sor ; P. B. Devoto, Prompter. —^The Examinations finished last Monday, and were —"We have received a copy of the " Scholastic Almanac " generally satisfactory. The averages, to be found else- for the Tear of Our Lord 1876, issued by the SCHOLASTIC •where, show that most of the students did very well. printing office at Notre Danse, Ind. Prof. J. A. Lyons is —^^Ir. Otto, a taxidermist from Chicago, has been here the compiler of this neat and useful little volume. In addi­ this pastweek attending to the Cabinet of Natural History. tion to its very complete calendar tables, it contains a vari­ He is superintending the erection of the wards, etc, where ety of scholarly and readable essays and contributions in the specimens are to be placed. prose and poetry. It is a volume of seventy-three pages, —The Juniors are under obligations to the Rev. Presi­ and is for sale in Chicago at Jansen, McClurg & Co's., and dent for their trip to the St. Joe Farm. They intend to is sold at 25 cents per copy.—Chicago Courier. show their appreciation of his kindness by their excellent —The CatlwUc Visitor is the name of a very interesting conduct and hard study the present session. little weekly paper published by Wilbur Brothers at Lock- —By mistake, in our notice of " Graziella," translated by port, N. T., at the small price of 50 c's. a year. That it J. B. ilunnion, of '60, and published by Jausen, SlcClur'g is prospering we know from the fact that it lias recently & Co., of Chicago, we said that the price was §1.50. "We doubled its size. We do not like tendering advice to any should have said §2.00. It is worth the money. editor, but we believe those in charge of the Visitor would improve the paper greatly if they would give their readers —Of the avcnige notes for exilmination the best was more local new.s. As it is, we are pleased with it, and trust received by John H. Cooney, who received 100, and the that the many Catholics in Niagara County, New York will next best by Henry Dehner, who received 98. "We con­ give it the support it so well deserves,. Success and en­ gratulate the yonng gentlemen on their success. largement to the Visitor. —The Scientific Association held a meeting on the after­ —^It is with sincere regret that we read of the financial noon of Feb. 4th, at which the election of officers took difficulties of Mr. Patrick Donahoe, the book publisher, of place. "We understand that the name of the societj-- is to Boston. We hope that he may be enabled to overcome be changed to the " Academy of the Natural Sciences." these difficulties; and he will, if his friends come to his as­ —^The members of the Associated Alumni will please sistance by subscribing for the Pilot, one of the best Cath­ remember that they are requested to meet in the Presi­ olic pipers in the United States. We earnestly nrge our dent's room to-morrow, at three o'clock, F. Jr. Business of friends to do so. The Pd<)t has always boen well edited, importance will be brought up for consideration, and hence and now, under the able management of J. Boyle O'Rielly, a full meeting is desired. the accomplished poet, has become an excellent exponent —The Juniors are delighted with the treatment they re­ of Catliolic thought in the United States. The subscrip­ ceived at the St. Joe Farm. Bros. Matthew, Ildefonsus, tion price is §2.50, per annum. How many of the students Joseph and Henry made everything as lovely as they pos­ will subscribe ? We would like to have it said that all will. THE ITOTEE DAME SCHOLASTIC. .363

—WHO SENT IT?—Inthe"Eeportof the Commissioner The General Averages. of Education " for 1874, we find ourselves wofully misrep­ resented. We figure as the " University of Notre Dame du Lac "—strange that a lack should be a superfluity—and [Those are not mentioned in this list:" 1st—those who our President is said to be " Rev. Patrick I. Colovin," which have been absent from the Examination either by sickness places him in an unnecessarily egotistical light, with re­ gard to his " middle letter." But these are trivial, nay ac­ or from other causes; 2dly—those whose arrival was too. ceptable errors, as they serve to break the monotony of the recent; SJly-r-those whose average percentage would be report. What we do complain of is that the number of dishonor.—^DIRECTOR OF STUDIES.] our students is represented as 200, and that of our instruc­ tors as 20, whereas a glance at our Catalogue for the year in SEKIOK DEPARTSIEStT. question would have shown the number of the former to E. Atfield, 60; C. Atchison, 70: J. Brown, 98; A. Betcher, be 360, and that of the latter 42. The question is, how did 66; D. Byrnes, 90; W. Byrne, 81; W. Breen, 97; P. Bearss, the Commissioner of Education get his report? 77; V.Baca, 65; W.Ball,93; M.Blackburn.98; L.Busch, —On last Tuesday the students of the Junior Depart- 73; P. Cooney, 70; J. H. Cooney, 100; J. Connolly, 73; M. meent took a trip to the St. Joseph Farm. Twelve convey­ Cross, 70; R. Calkins, 70; H. Cassidy, 93; C. Campeau, ances, capable of carrying from twelve to twenty persons 60; T. Carroll, 78; P. Corbett, 65; F. Claffey, 86; W. each, left the College grounds at eight o'clock precisely, Chapoton, 63; John Coleman, 95; J. Campbell, 45; P. and after a couple of hours arrived at the farm, where they Devoto, 95; E. Dempsey. 66; H. Dehner, 93; W. Dicker. were well received by those in charge. After partaking son, 74; J. Dwyer, 80; J. Dryfoos, 70; W. Dechant, 79; of the hospitality extended, and enjoying themsleves in J. Dempsey, 70; L. Evers. 90; J. Ewing, 89; C. Ely, 40; games, songs, and instrumental music, the Juniors came B. Eiians, 90; J. E?an. 80; W. Fowler, 50; P. Planigan, home about six o'clock in the evening. The trip back was 97; G. Frauenknecht, 80; W. Fullerton, 60; W. Fogertv. enlivened as only the members of the Junior Department 90; E. Graves, 83; J. B. Gheen, 45; T. Gallagher, 91; J. know how, with jokes and songs. The snow-storm J. Gillen, 73; J. Golsen, 74; E. Gramling, 72; G. Gross, that came up so suddenly on Tuesday did not interfere 99; A. Hertzog. 89; J. Harkin. 84; J. Handly. 73; J. with the enjoyment, but rather gave a greater zest to it. Hamlin. 60; F.Keller, 83; P. Kennedy, 84; J. Kreutzer, Altogether, Tuesday was enjoyably spent by the Juniors 94; H. Kinson, 65; W. Riely, 76; J. Lambin, 55; J. Kelly, . —The first regular meeting of the Band as a Society 75; H. Leonard, 73; T. Logan, 50; P. Moran, 87; H. Ma­ was held Feb. 2d. The following ofiicers were duly elected guire, 83; P. McCawly, 93; A. McBriar, 75; P. W. Matti- for the ensuing session: Director, Rev. Fr. PrSre; Pres­ more, 93; P. -J. Mattimore, 83; E. S. Monahan, 86; G. ident, Rev. J. A. O'Connell; Leader, J. G-. Ronlhac; Vice- Mc]S'ulty,83; L. Murphy, 83 ;T.McGrath, 60; J. McHugh, President, W. T. Ball; Asst. Leader, Carl Otto; Rec. Sec­ '78; L. McKernan, 73 ; K Mooney, 81; J. D.McIntyre,79; retary, Gerald E. Sullivan; Cor. Secretary, Henry Cassidy ; R. Maas, 90; F. Maas, 77; L. McCullem, 63; R. McGrath, Treasurer, C. W. Robertson; Censors, E. G. Graves and 89; J. McEairy. 87: W. McGorrisk. 79; V. McKinnon, 45; J, P. McHugh. The following is a list of the instruments W. Murdock, 79; C.Meyers, 60; P. McCullough. 91; C. and players: Leader B Flat Cornet, Carl Otto; 1st E Flat, McCloskey. 71; J. F. Neidhart, 91; P. H^Teill, 50; H. 0'- Frank Keller; 2d E Flat, Luke Evers; 1st B Plat, Henry Brien, 93; Carl Otto, 94; -J. O'Rorke, 91; A. O'Brian, 68; J. Maguire; 2d B Flat, Joseph Campbell; Solo Alto, W. T. Obert, 68; L. PiUiod, 94; J. Perea, 89; E. Pefferman, 73; Ball; 1st Alto, W. P. Breeu; 2d Alto, A. C. O'Brien; Solo T. Peifer,71; L.Potter, 60; T. Quinn, 93; J. Quinn,;70; Tenor, J. McHugh; Piccolo, J. Kreutzer; 1st Tenor, R. F. F. Rettig, 84; C. Robertson, 80; J. Retz, 81; J. Rorke, 98; FrSre; 2d Tenor, F. B. Devoto; Solo Baritone, G. E. Sul­ M. Regan, 70; W. Smith, 76; G. Sullivan, 89; E. Sugg. 73; livan; 1st Baritone, H. Cassidy; Tuba, C. W. Robertson; F. Smiley, 75; C. Saylor, 93; J. Smith, 93; R. White, 55; B. B. Bass, E. G. Graves; Tenor Drum, T. C.iLogan; Bass T. Wendel, 75; F. Vandervannet, 60. Drum, N". J. Mooney. JusioR DEPARTMENT. —^The lecture delivered by Rev. President Colovin on W. Arnold, 58; E. Arnold, 76; O. Baell, 81; A. Bergck, the evening of the 4th was very enjoyable. He introduced 67; T. Byrnes, 81; J. Byrnes, 59; A. Burger, 79; J. Carrer, his subject " Science and Revealed Religion," by referring 72; J. Cavanau^h, 96; C. Clarke, 94; E. Collins, 42; W. to the fact that the old church, in which he was then speak­ Connolly, 43; W.Dodge, 84; K Dryfoos. 56; W.Davis, ing, had been transformed into a hall of science. The occa­ 86; E.Davenport, 54; F. Ewing, 77; H. Faxon, 84; P. sion naturally suggested his subject. He treated both points Frain, 63; J. Foley, 83; F. Flanigan, 76; J. Fox, 79; J. separately and in their mutual relations, showing that French. 84; C. Gustine, 65 ; A. Goldsberry, 82; F. Golds- true religion and true science could never be antagonistic. berry, 78; R. Golsen, 84; B. Heeb, 84; P. Hagan, 87; 0. They flow from the same source and should tend towards Ham, SO; A. Holmes, 81; E. Hall, 71; J. Hagerty, 91; F. the same object. It had been the struggle of impiety and Hoffman, 73; W. Hansard, 60; C. Hagan, 93; W. Hake, fanaticism to show religion constantly endeavoring to re­ 83; M. Halley, 83; A. Hamilton, 67; H. Henkel, 60; F. tard the progress of human knowledge and to use science Klaner, 63; M. Katzauer, 71; J. Knight, 75; J. Kenny, to the detriment of religion. In their first object they have 90; M. Kauffman, 89; 0. Ludwig, 84; C. Lirkin, 77; E. failed. The history of the past, the facts of the present, and Laub, 67; R. Mayer. 78; J. Mosal, 77 ; M. McAuliffe, 94; .the prospects af the future all of them alike gave the lie to J. McClowry, 40; W. Morris, 76; A. Mcintosh. 79; O. E. their eflbrts. In their second object they have equally Myer, 78; H. Millen, 65; W. Nicholas, 68; D. Nelson, 72; failed. Science in every branch, far from contributing to J. Nelson, 43; G. Nester, 75; J. O'Meara, 90; C. Orsinger, the destruction of religion, has, on the contrary, by every 89; J. Perea, 67; C. Peltier, 78; F. Phelan, 86; A. PiUiod, success, furnished her with new pillars of strength. Relig­ 73; F.Rosa, 63; E. Raymond, 91; J. Reynolds, 78; E. ion always looked kindly on science, cherished and en­ Riopelle, 45; A. Ryan, 90; D. Ryan, 75; G. Streit, 91; P. couraged it. Science should in her turn with humility and Schnurrer, 93; H. Scott, 70; A. Schmidt. 81; G. Sugg, 60; gratitude assist in the spread and development of religion. E. Smith, 60; L. Smith, 71; S. Smith, 60; W. Taulby, 89 ; Both should go hand in hand, for their mutual benefit, the P. Tamble, 84; C. Walsh, 69; H. Weber, 52; N. Vanamee, glory of God and the good of mankind. The diffierent 57. points of the lecture were illustrated by philosophical MiNTsr DEPARTHNT. reasoning, the discussion of historical points and the treat­ 0. W. Lindberg, 100; L. J. Frazee, 100; T. P. McGrath» ment of different scientific topics which greatly contributed 99; J. A. Duffield, 95.5; C. C. Campan, 98; J. Nelson» to the interest of the lecture. 95 5; G. W. Lowrey, 99; F. Pleins, 95.5; P. P. Nelson. 94; R. Pleins, 94: F. A. Campau, 99; A. J. Bushey, 93.5. —^The Saturday Evening Post is making an offer to the G. Rhodius, 98; J. Davis, 90; P. Heron, 97; M. Gustine, country newspapers that will impoverish it if many of 99; G. Lambin, 96.5; J. Seeger, 96.5; W. McDevitt, 99; them accept the proposition. To such newspapers as will J. 0. Stanton, 96; B. Morris, 97; H. McDonald, 100; W. print its half-column advertisements twice the publishers Coolbaugh, 100; W. Smith, 95; W. Cash, 99; W. Van make the lavish offer of their valuable sheet for one year Pelt, 100; A.,Campau,;97; S. Bushey, 99; C. Bushey, 100; —131—Lyons (iy. T.) BepuUican. • C. Long, 100; E. Oatman, 95. 864 THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTrC.

Average, 80 to 93. To 3d Div., Misses H. Drvfoos, E. Pierce, J. Eoll of Honor. Jlitchell, L. Faulkner, N. King, H. O'Meara.^S. Edes, A. Miller. To be placed in this Class, Misses G. Youell and H. Hand. Aver, SENIOR DEPAKTJIEJfT. age, 80 to 90. J. Brown, V. Baca. W. Brecn, D. Byrnes, F. Bearss, ^I. Black, ^Promoted to 6th Class, Misses Parker, E. Cannon, A. Ewingi burn, P. Coone}', J. Cooney, J. Connolly, R. Calkins, H. Cassidy, N. Johnson, L. Browubridarc. Average, 75 to 90. To 2d Div., T. Carroll, P. Corbett, J. Coleman, F. Dcvoto, "H. Dehner, W. Misses L. Kelly, S. Cash, J. Pierce, E. York, J. Darcy, C. Mor­ Dechant, E. Dempsey, J. Ewinir, L. Evers, B. Euans, W. Fo- rill, M. Marky, R. Filbeck, C. and M. Hughes. Average, 73 to garty,T. Gallasjher, J. Gillen, A. Hertzog, J. Harkin, J. Handley, 90. H. Kinson, P." Kennedj-, J. Kreatzer, W. Keily, J. Kelly, E. Promoted to 7tli Class, Jliss R. Goldsberry. Average, 75 to 90. Monohan, Patrick Jilaltimore, Peter iMattimore, H. Maguire, R. Promoted to Sth Class, Misses E. MuUigau, M. Davis, J. Miias, P. McCawley, G. MciSTultv, L. ilcCollum, T. McGrath, R. Smith, A. Peak. Average, 80. McGrath. W. McGorrisk, J. McEniry, P. McCullouirh, P. Neill, Promoted to 9th Class, Misses J. DufSeld, L. Lambin. J. Neidbardt, H. O'Brien, Carl Otto, J. C. O'Eourke.T. Peifer, T. The note of standing in classes for each pupil will be on the Quinn, ]VL Re^an, W. Smith, C. Saylor, F. Smiley, G. Sullivan, bulletins sent to pareiits. F. Vandervannet, R. White, T. Wendell. VOCAL CLASSES. JCrXlOK DEPARrjIEXT. 1st Class average note, 100. E. Arnold, W. Arnold, T. Byrnes, A. Bergck, J. Byrne, A. Promoted to 2d Div., 1st Class, Aliss M. Rielly. Average, 97 Bunker, J. Carrer, J. Clarke, W. Connelly, E. Collins, W" Dodge, to 100. E. Davenport, F. Ewin^, J. Cavanaugh, J. Foley, J. French, J. Promoted to 3d Class, Misses M. Gaynor, L. Arnold. Aver­ Fox, F. Flanairan, P. Frane, C. Gustine, F. Goldsberry, R. Golsen, age, 95. To 3d Div., Miss E. Cannon. Average, 85 to 99. P. Haa:an, W. Hake, F. Hoffman, B. Heeb, E. Hall, A. Hamilton, Promoted to 3rd Class, Miss N. King. Average, 85 to 98. M. Halley, M. Katzauer, J. Kinney, J. Knight, C. Larkin, E. 3d Div. average, 84 to 97. Laub, A. Mcintosh, M. Mc luliffe, W. Nicholas, D. Nelson, J. MATINEE GIVEN BY THE PUPILS OF 2D DIV. OP 3D AITO Nelson, O. Orsinger, J. O'Meara, E. Riopelle, F. Rosa, J. Rey­ nolds, A. Ryan, S. Ryan, E. Raymond, A. Schmidt, P. Schnur- 3RD CLASSES, JAI^. 25,1876. rer, G. Streit, G. Sugg, P. Tamble, W. Vanamee, C. Walsh, A. Overture to " Mignon " by (Ambroise Thomas) Miss A. Den- Pilliod, J. Perea. nehj'. "Satterello" (S. B. Mills) Miss JL Julius. MIXni DEPARTMENT. Song—" Aria "—(Stoman Torry) Miss M. Rielly. G. Faxon, T. F. McGrath, C. C. Campau, A. Bushey, F. A "Grand Marcbe Fantastique" (Tito Mattel) Miss B. Wilson. Camp3u, G. Lowrey, F. Pleins, R. Pleins, J. Duflield, P. Haney, " II Trovatore " (A. Goria) Miss M. Cravens. J. Haney, G. Rhodius, JI. Gustine, G. Lambin, J. Seeger, 0. Stan­ "Midsummer Night's Dream" (^lemlelssohn) Miss G. Wells. ton, W. McDevitt, B. .Morris, H. McDonald, S.Bushey, W. Cool- "Airs Bohemien" (Jules Scliuloff) Miss E. Dennehey. bauirb, C. Bushey, W. Smith, C. Long, A. Campau, E. Oatman, " Polonaise," C. dur. op. 89, (Beethoven) Miss A. Sievers. H. Hake, J. Davis. "Don Juan" (Mozart) Jliss A. Harris. "Belisario" Fantasie (A. Goria) Miss A. Byrnes. Song—" Good Nisht"—(Abt) Miss :^L Gaynor. Class Honors. " Stabat Mater " (Rossini) Miss I. Mass. Harp "Air du Roi. 13," (Gys) Miss E. Dennehey. FOR THE WEEK ENDING THURSDAY, FEB. i, 1876. "Les Regrets" (J. Leybach) Miss A. St. Clair. Song—" Who's at the Window ?" (Knisht) Miss L. Arnold. Jirsni DEPARTMENT. Guitar—" Waltz"—(Carcassi) Miss B. Wade. T. F. McGrath, C. Campau, J. Nelson, A. Bushey, L. J. Frazee, Song—" Sing, Sweet Bird" (W. Gmz) Miss C. Morgan. P. Nelson, G. Lowrey, J. Duffield, G. Rhodius, R. Pleins, P. " En Route" Gallop (Sydney Smith) Miss A. Duncan. Heron, 0. Lindberg. Vocal Duett—" The Fortune-Teller"—(Campana) Misses E. and A. Dennehey. COJSCERT GIVEN BY THE PUPILS OF THE FIRST AND SEC­ OND CLASSES, ST. MARY'S ACADEM:Y, FEB. 2,1876. PROGRASniE. • "Triumphal Chorus" (from Oratorio of David) Vocal Class- Slim 5 4 Accompaniment, JSIiss H. Julius. Grand Qaatuor," Don Pasquale " (E. Prudent), Miss K. Hutch­ inson. COIfSERVATORT OF SIUSIC. Song "Waft Her, Angels!" (Handel) Miss L. Henrotin—Ac- companiment, iliss O'Connor. The Examination of ilusic commenced on lilonday, Jan. Essay—" Devotedness "—Miss J. Nunning. the ITih, by the little llinims, and continued during ten "Has Sorrow Thy Young Day Shaded?" (W. Pape) Harp- days through each grade. The evident progress in Nota­ Miss E. O'Connor. tion, Time, Scales, use of pedal, Expression, and apprecia­ " Ernani" Caprice de Concert (E. Prudent) Miss J. Nunning. tion, gave proof of study, and patient praclice. In one Sons—"Mignon"-(A. Thomas) Miss R. Devoto—Accompt., Miss Foote. _ , - - word the whole examination was a success, to which the Essay—" Honor Your Parentasre "—Miss M. Rilev. scrutiny of average, in the grades, bears testimony. The Sonata (No. 6), Opus 10, No. 2, (Beethoven) Miss H. Julias. Vocal Department is gradually coming to our standard. Song—"Merce Dilette Amichi!"—(Verdi) Miss O'Connor. We noticed particularly the pupils have rigidly kept to Essay—" Purity "—Miss H. Foote. Solfeggios and saile exercises, without which it would Andante Finale—from "Lucia"—(S. Thalberg) Miss E. O'­ have been impossible to have given the pleasure expressed Connor. by the Faculty, after listening attentively to the various Song—"Aria Varie "—(Proch) IMiss H. Foote. songs, duetts, trios, and choruses. Essay—" Votive Offerings "—Miss E. Dennehey. "Faust" Grande Paraphrase de Concert, (Gounod) Miss H. PROMOTIONS rN INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC. Foote. To graduate, Miss Helen Foote. Grand Chorus (Meyerbeer) Vocal Class—Accomp't, Miss Nun­ Promoted to the Ist Class, I^Iisses E. O'Connor, H. Julius. ning. Note of the class. 100. To the 2d Div., Miss J. Nunning. Aver­ age of the class, 99 to 100. Promoted to the 3d Class, Misses B. Wilson, A. Dennchey, M. Cravens, M. Julius. Average of-class, 98 to 103. To 2d Div., Misses G. Wells, A. Harris,^E. Dennehey,.A. Byrnes. Average, Go to HENRY HELLER, 98 to 100. . Promoted to 3rd Class, Misses A. Koch, M. Spier, C. Morgan, TEDB CH:A.M:PIOIV L. O'Niel. Average of class, 96 to 100. To 2d Div., Misses A. T. Clarke, M. Redfield, F. Dilger, M. Roberts, D. Locke, K. Joyce. Average, 90 to 99. Promoted to 4th Class, Misses M. Gaynor, M. Thompson, A. Barber & Hair-Dresser, Gordon, E. Thompson, A. O'Connor. Average 86 to 98. To 2d Div., Misses A. Kjrchner, A. McGrath, D. Lange, J. Holla- day, A. C alien, M. Sehultbies. Average, 85 to 98. 87 MIOHIG-AN ST. Promoted to 5th Class, Misses L. Walsh, N. McGrath, L. Mer- rit, S. Hole, L. Leppig, L. Gustine, M. O'Connor, Julia Morris, "Work done to Ealisfaction. Give me a call. THE NOTEE DAME SCHOLASTIC. 365 M. Livingston & Go., THE BEST School Music Books. Leading Merchant Tailors in South Bend

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REIMEEIMISEB THE M.4A.CE, 94 HICaiC-AN St., SOUTH BSITD, IITD. lmeri4mT mm\ ||ug*k |eaJqs . in 3 boots, 35 cts., 50 cts., and 50 cts. Find graded course for Primary and Grammar Schools. All the preceding "worfes are compilations of those thorough teachers and composers, L. O. EiiERSox and W. S. TILDEN. THE :ps:oT'oa-:E?..A.i^s:Ei?., CHEESPUL VOICES. IchoolS." """sSc^' Is still at his mt .loolt' OLD STAND ON MICHIGAN ST EET. lumiT c Contains the best collection of Sacred Music extant FOR SALE. for openingand closing schools. In the immediate vicinity of ITotre Dauie, and veir conveniently located in regard to Church and Markets, a very desirable property TVe also call conaistins of three large enclosed lots, a good two story frame house, attention to those excellent well arranged and finishe'l, good stable, carriage shed, coal-honse, collections of School Songs: "Merry young trees, srrapes, shrubbery, e'c, will be sold at reasonable figures Chimes," " Golden Wreath," , " Nightingale," to a good buyer. For farther information, address P. O. Box 35, Ko- and "Golden Robin," each 50 cts.; to "Deems' Solfeg­ treDame. Ind. gios," "Panseron's A B C," Perkins' Orphean," " Hour of Singing," all for the higher schools. Mason's great Music Charts, $S, and Dr. Streeter's treatise on " Pri­ mary Elements, 60 cts. Successful lusic Books. WAS AWARDED THE ONLY COLD MEDAL AT VSENNA EXPOSITION GETZE'S SCHOOIi FOS PARLOB OBGAIS'l OF 1873, BY THE MOST EXACT­ It is already in the hands of 30 000 learners and players on ING AND INCORRUPTIBLE JURY Keed Organs, and deserves this and greater success. Contains EVER CONVENED AND IN THE 176 graded lessons, including nearly 50 agreeable Irieces,' a FACE OF THE MOST POWERFUL dozen Songs, and 25 short Voluntaries. S3.50. COMPETITION. THESE PIANOS CENTENNIAL COLL. for Old Folks Concerts. New. .40 ARE UNEXCELLED IN POWER AND PURITY OF TONE AND PER­ FECTION OF GENERAL MECHAN­ BELLAK'S ISM, WHILE IN POINT OF DURABILITY THEY ABSOLUTELY, ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR PIANOFORTE. SURPASS ALL OTHERS. As tJie very first instnidion book, (for the iirst 3 months on the Piano), nothing could be better. Very easy pieces, nicely fin­ CEN'L AGENTS IN CHICACO-THE gered and graded. Does away, mostly, with the dryness and drudgery of the first quarter. In Paper, 75 c. &ems of EigM Song. A large, elegant collection of Choice Songs, with Piano or Keed Organ accompaniment. 232 pages, Sheet Music O- n. SI3:EE:K;E1I?., size. S3.50 in Boards; $3.00 in Cloth. All books sent by mail, post-free, for retail price. OLrvEiES. DiTSonsr &c oo.,, BOSTOJV. TRUNKS, J. B. DIT30N & CO., CHAS. H. DITS02T & CO. Traveling Bags, &lo7es, and Gents'"PumisMng Goods, Etc., Successors to Lee & Walker, 711 Broadway, Ih f YORK. 110 BXiclilgan Street, JPloila. soTJTs: BE35rx) xisrio. X<3rO?«" &; H:EAXi"Sr, Cliicago. 366 THE NOTEE DAME SCHOLASTIC. 5 TJIE OX^I> ItEI^IA-DSliliJ L S. & M. S. Railway.

DWIGHT HOUSE, On and after Sunday, Nov. 21,1875, trains will leave South Bond as follows: South. Bend, Ind. GOING EAST. Messrs. Knight and Mills have become managers of the above re­ 2 40 a. m.. Night Express, over Main Line, arrives at Toledo liable and popular house, renovated, repaired and furnished it with 10 30; Cleveland3 pm; Buffalo 9 15. ntw, first-class furniture. The travelling public may rely on find- lO 13 am, MaU, over Main Line, arrives at Toledo, 5 35pm: in" the best accommodation. Cleveland 10 15. Eadie^ and Gentlemen visiting Notre Dame and St. Mary's -will XI 55am, Special New York Express, over Air Line; arrives find here all the comforts of home duriag their stay. at Toledo 5 50; Cleveland 10 10; Buffalo 4 05 am. 9 13 p m, Atlantic Express, over Air Line. Arrives at Toledo, CAPTAIJERRY NKNIGHT MILLS,, fJ^ropnetorsIpronrietors . 2 40; Cleveland, 7 05; Buffalo, 1 10 p n.. 7" 53 pm. Toledo Express, Main Line. Arrives at Toledo,2 30; Cleveland 10 55 a m., Buffalo 7 pm. 4= 4=0 p m, Local Freight. GOING WEST. ST. JOSEPH HOTEL, 3 4=0 am. Express. Arrives at Laporte415 p m^Chicago 630 am 5 SOam,Pacific Express, Ajrives Jat Laporte 5 45; Chicago opposite the Post Office, 8 20 a m. . 3 pm, Evening Express. Arrives at Lapcrte 3 55; Chicago, C 30 5 4=3 p m, Special Chicago Express. Arrives at Laporte 5 45. SOUTH BEND, INDIANA. Chicago, 8 20. S OO a m. Accommodation. Arrives at Laporte 9 am, Chicago Kates," -$3.00 I»ei' I>ay. 11 30 a. m. 9 lO a m. Local Freight. JOHN G. GEEEKAWALT,PROPEIETOR. J. W. CAKY. Genn Ticket Agt, Cleveland. CHAELES PAINE. Gen'l Supt.

ED^VARD BUYSSE,

SEAiiEB nr Have Tou any thought .of going to California? Are yon going West, North, or Northwest? Tou want to know the best routes Watches, Clocks, to take? The shortest, safest, quickest, and most comfortable routes are those owned by the Chicago and Northwestern Railway Com­ .A.2Sr3D pany. It owns over two thousand miles of the best road there is in the country. Ask any ticket agent to show you its maps and time cards. All ticket agents can sell you through tickets by this . route. Buy your tickets via the Chicago and Northwestern Railway for All Kinds of Engraving Done, Sacramento, Orden, Salt Lake City, Cheyenne, Denver, Omaha, Lin­ coln, Council B'lnfis, Yankton, Sioux City, Dubuque, Winona, St. Paul, Dulnth, Marquette, Green Bay. Oshkosh, Madison, Milwaukee, and all points West or Northwest of Chicago. SOUTH BEISTD, IlSTDIAJISrA. If you wish- the best travelling accommodations, jou will buy your tickets ijy this route, and will take no other. This popular route is unsurpassed for speed, comfort and safety. The smooth, well-b" lasted and perfect track of steel rails. Westing- house air brakes. Miller's safety platform and couplers, the cele­ brated Pullman Palace Sleeping <'ars, the perfect telegraph 6.y8tem «f moving trains, the regularity with which they run, the admira­ MicMgan Central Eailway ble arransiement for running through cars from Chicago to all points West, North, and Northwest, secure to passengers all the comforts in modem railway traveling. Time TaTale—Wo-vcnxTjer 31, ISrS-

•Day *Kal. +Atlantic I t Night are mn on all trains of this road. *Mail. Express. Accom. Express. Express This is the only line running these cars between Chicago and St Lv. Chicago 5 15 p.m Paul, or Chicago and Mil\«iukee. 5 00 a.ni 9 00 a.m 4 00 p.m 900 pm " Mich. City 7 32 " 11 01 " 6 35 " 7 43 " 11 15 t( At Omaha our sleepers connect with the Overland Sleepers on. the " NUes 9 02 " 8 30 " 8 55 " tc Union Pacific Kailroad for all. points west of the Missouri River. 12 15 p.m 12 45 " Jackson..., 2 12 p.m 4 05 " 7 00 a.m 12 47 a.m 455 .1 For rates or information not attainable from your home ticket Ar. Detroit 5 45 " 6 30 " 10 15 " 3 50 " ct agents, apply to 8 00 Lv. Detroit 00 a.m 9 50 am 4 CO p-m 5 40 p.m 9 50 Marrin Haf^bitt, W. n. Stennett, " Jackson.,.. 10 37 " 12 30 p.m 7 15 " 9 25 " 12 45 a.m. " Niles 3 40 p,m 4 19 " 6 10 a.m 2 30 a.m 4 30 " General Superintendent. Gen'l Passenger Agent. " Mich. City 5 15 " 5 45 " 7 50 " . 4 05 " 5 45 " Ar. Chicago 7 35 •' 8 00 " 10 20 '• 6 30 '• 8 00 "

PKOPKIETOB OP THE IViles and. Soutli Hend. X>i-vlsioii. NOTRE DAME AND ST. MARY'S 'BUS LINE ! GOING NORTH. LY. South Bend—8 15 a.m. 7 15 p m. §9 OC a.m. §7 00 p.m " Notre Dame—8 22 " 7 23 " 9 07 •' 7 07 " Whilst I return my thanks to the Datrons of Notre Dame and St. Ar. Niles— 9 00 " 8 00 " 9 40 " 7 40 " Mary's, I beg leave to inform the public that I have, at the urgent request of many of mv patrons, purchased SEVERAL NEW CAE- GOING SOUTH. EIAGES and BUGGIES, and moved into the LIVERY STABLES Lv. Niles— 6 30 a.m. 4 20 pei>ot. •Sunday excepted. tDaily. ^Saturday and Sunday excepted; §Snnday only. Now, that telegraphic communication has been made bet »'een Noi.reDameandmy office, throuah the Michigan Southern De^ot, I G. L. EixioTT, WM. B. STKOXG, Bha 11 be prompt to have passengers in time toTneet all trains. For my attention to the pairons of No-re Dame and St. Mw j's, I Agent, South Bend, . Gen'l Sup't, Chicago. refer, by permission, to the Superiors of both Institutions. HENHT C. WENTWOBTH, G. P. & T. A., Chicago. P. SeiCKBY. B. CELESTINE, Ticket Agt., Notre Dame. - <.-'-vf:.

THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. tet PHILADELPHIA BAZAR. FittsljUT^li, Fort Wayne & Clucago, AND PENNSYLVANIA R. B. LINE. .

97 Michigan St., SOUTH BEND, IND. A new and complete assortment of Hosiery, Gloves, NOVESIBER, 1875. Fancy Goods, "Wliite Goods, Embroideries, Laces, Kibbons, TKAINS LEAVE CHICAGO DEPOT, Artificials, Parasals," San Umbrellas, etc. Agents for Do­ mestic Patterns. Large stock of Zephyr Germantown Cor. Canal and Madison Sts. (West Side), Works' Tarns. On arrival of trains from North and Southwest. Geats' Famisliia^ Goods A Spgcialty. Trains with Through Cars to No. 2.' No. 6. No. 4. Day Ex. Pac. Exp. Night Er Ex. Sund'y DaUy. ExSa&Su JAMES BONNEY Lv. CHICAGO.... 00 a.m. 5 15 p.m 10 00 pjn. Ar. PT. WAYNE.. 25 p.m, 1135 « 5 20 ajuj TsiE :pia:oToa-E.^:pi3:Ei2/ (( Lima 35 " 125 a.m. 8 00 « Porest 34 « 3 01 Ik 9 17 « Crestline 00 « 440 11 10 « Corner Michigan and Washington Sis., Mansfield 50 « 5 20 11 50 « Orrville 42 « 7 12 1 46 p.m. Massillon 15 « 7 45 2 19 « - Canton 33 1' S 00 238 « AUiance 15 « 8 40 « 3 20 " Rochester 18 a.m. 11 12 « 5 58 « Mr. Bonney will be at his art gallery near the ScnoLAS Pittsburgh.... 20 " 12 15 p.m 7 05 " TIC office every "Wednesday morning at eight o'clock. He Lv. Pittsburgh 10 •' 1 10 " 8 10 « has on hand photographs of the Professors of the TJni. Ar. Cresson versity, members of the College Societies, together with Altoona 30 " 12 10 a.m. a large collection of the Students who figured prominently Harrisburg... 05 p.m. 11-05 « 4 13 " here in former years. Orders by mail promptlj-- attended to. Baltimore 25 ." 3 15 a.m. 7 45 « "Washington.. 10 .« 6 20 " • 9 07 " Philadelphia.. 15 " 3 10 « 8 05 « New York.... 35- " 6 50 « U15 « OMcago, Rock Island and. I*acifi.c New Haven... 10 " 10 49 " 3 36 p.m. Through trains are run to Leavenworth and Atchison, connecting Hartford 40 ajn,1 2 23 « 5 55 " with trains for all points in Kansas and Sonthem ilisaouri. This Springfield... 35 " 1 00 p.m. 7 03 « is acknowledged by the travelling public to be the Providence... ^5 *' 3 48 " 7 40 « Boston.' 50 « 4 50 " 05 « • Great Overland. Koxxte to California. Two express trains leave Chicago daily from depot, comer Van Bnren and Sherman streets, as follows: TPIIS IS THE ONLY LIISTE That runs the celebrated PiJLi.3iAif PAUICE CAKS from Chicago to Leave Arrive. Baltimore, Washin<;ton City, Philadelphia and New York without Omaha, Leavenworth and Atchison Express..10 15 a.m. 4 CO p.m change. Through tickets for sale at all principal ticket offices at Peru accoromodation 7... 500pm. 9 30 a.m the lowest current rates. Night Express 10 00 p.m. 6 15 a.m P. E. KYEEs.a. P. &T;A. . M. SMITH, H. RIDDLE, .Geu'I Pass. Agent. General Superintendent.

CHICAGO, ALTON AND ST. LOUIS AND CHICAGO, KANSAS CITY AND DENVER SHORT LINES. Union Depot, West side, near STadison street bridge; Ticket offices at depot and 122 iiaudolph street. Arrive. Leave. OFFER SPECIAL INDUCER^iEHTS Kansas City and Denver Express via Jack­ TO PURCHASERS-AT WHOLE­ sonville, III., and Louisiana, Mo 3 10 pm 12 00 pm Springfield and St. Lou's E.K. via Main Line.7 50 pm 9 30 am SALE AND RETAIL-OP^rOREiCN Springfield, St. Louis and Texas Fast Ex. via AND DOMESTIC SHEET MUSIC Main Line 7 30 am 9 40 pm AND MUSIC BOOKS, THESR OWN Peoria Day Express 7 5o pm 9 30 am IMPORTATION OF VIOLIN AND Chicago and Paducah Railroad Express .7 50 pm 9 30 am GUITAR STRINGS, ACCOROEONS, Streator,Wenona, Lacon and Wasliington Ex 3 10 pm 12 00 pm CONCERTINAS, FLUTES, Joliet Accouiinodailon 9 20 am 4 30 pm GUITARS, VIOLINS, PICCOLOS J. C. MoMoLLiN, Gen. Supt. J. CHAKLTOX, Gen. Pass. Agt. CLARIONETS, HARMONICAS, DULCIMERS, ZITHERS, VIOLAS, VIOLONCELLOS, AND BRASS AND CANDY! CANDY! CANDY! GERMAN SILVER BAND INSTRU­ The Low Prices Still Continue at MENTS; ALSO PIANOS AND ORGANS, OR ANY ARTICLE IN P. L. Garrity's Candy Factory, THE LINE OF MUSICAL MER­ 100 Van Bnren St., CHANDISE. ^ GENERAL NORTH­ WESTERN 'AGENTS FOR THE OHIOAG-O, ILL. STECKi PIANO AND STANDARD Cross-To^?vn Cars Pass the Door. ORGAN* QUALITY GUARANTEED. CATALOGUES AND PRICE LISTS Broken Candy 15c FURNISHED FREE. CORRESPOND­ Fine Mixed Cand}"^ 25c ENCE INVITED. Choice Mixed Candy 35c Caramels 3oc Molasses and Cream Candy - 25c I»i'opox'tioiiately X^o-w I»x'lces to TVliole- sale Oaslx Buyers. CHICAGO*' . ,-J U_. l-_L-l,__l___UN|J^i,B«^^g|

S6S THE NOTEE DAME SCHOLASTIC. THOMAS B. CLIFFORD, (Of the Class of '62) SOUTH BEND, TNT>. ATTORNEY AT LAW, NOTARY PUBLIC, AND C0MMISSZ02TBB FOB ALL STATES, NEWLY OPENED-FIRST CLASS IN ALL RESPECTS. 206 BROADWAY (Cor. Fulton), KEW YORK. HENEY C. KOTLL, Prop. Special -A-ttention G-ivexi to I»eposltloiis. - DR C. H. MIDDLETON, A. C. SHIRE, Dealer in Hayana Cigars, aoi IMCaln Street, 109 -M:xo:E3:xG:^isr STE-IBIET, TWO Doors sontt or II Gfflen's, ' SOUTH BEND, INDIAITA [Brancli of 184 E. "Madison, Chicago.] SOUTH BEND, INDIAITA. HAIR-CUTTING, SHAVING, D. W. EUSS & CO. SHAMPOOING, ETC. KEEP THE ia:E3srs.Y SIPETS:. STUDENTS HEADQUARTERS Cornel' "Wasliington and. IkJClclilgan Sts.,. For Meals, Oysters, (Under Coonley's Drug Store) lOE OI^.E.A-iyC, I^IES, "ETC- SOUTH BEN-D, USTDIAISTA. JANSEN, McCLURG & CO., ESTJV-IilLiTSHEO 1833, , late i? 31m., Importers and Dealers in Fine Dealers in Books and Stationery, iBOOTS JLJSTJD SXIOES, The Largest Retailing House in the State 117 AND 119 STATE STEEET, ConiEiDf IMiigton sa ana licMgan Sts., SOUTH BEND. CLOTHfNG HOUSE! OHiiOj^a-o, iLXjinsrois. BUZBY & GALLAGHER,

60 "Wasliiiigton St., MERCHANT TAILOES Clothiers and Dealers in Tliree Doors lest of Blum's Cigar store, SOUTH BEND, IND G-en s' Furnishing Goods, Sats, Caps, etc., 109 3£iclilgan St., ^"Keeps on hand a larse stoct of Hats, Caps, Clotlimg and Gents' Furnishing Goods. All the Students should give him a call. EEAM MATE KEEPS THE A. McKay, Prop., PEOPLE'S JE^WELRY STORE, Wliere you can purchase the BOSS WATCHES, CLOCKS AIND JEWELHY, Tree Hack to and from all Trains for Guests of tlis Hou~se SILYERWAKE, SPECTACLES, ETC. EISTG-RAVIISTG- A SPECIALTY The Students' Office, Repafrisg Bone in the Most Skiiifui Manser. "WTiolesale and Eetail Dealer in Cigars, Tobaccos, Pipes, etc 89-WA-SECrCf GS^TOIV, St,, 3Vo. 54.- "Waslilngton St., SOTJTS: BEIsTD. SOTJTS: BE3Sri3, liTX).