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(A) E Índice De Productividad Vegetal Del Humedal Chocon – Jauja

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(A) E Índice De Productividad Vegetal Del Humedal Chocon – Jauja Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente Diversidad (a) e índice de productividad vegetal del humedal Chocon – Jauja Segura Ilizarbe, Flora Huancayo 2019 ____________________________________________________________________________________ Segura, F. (2019) Diversidad (a) e índice de productividad vegetal del humedal Chocon – Jauja (Tesis para optar el Título Profesional de Ingeniero Forestal y Ambiental) Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú – Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente – Huancayo – Perú Diversidad (a) e índice de productividad vegetal del humedal Chocon – Jauja Esta obra está bajo una licencia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Repositorio Institucional - UNCP UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL CENTRO DEL PERÚ FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS FORESTALES Y DEL AMBIENTE TESIS “DIVERSIDAD (α) E ÍNDICE DE PRODUCTIVIDAD VEGETAL DEL HUMEDAL CHOCON - JAUJA” PRESENTADA POR LA BACHILLER: FLORA SEGURA ILIZARBE PARA OPTAR EL TÍTULO PROFESIONAL DE: INGENIERA FORESTAL Y AMBIENTAL HUANCAYO – PERÚ 2019 ASESORA: Ing. Lilly Nelly Gozar Cordova CIP 37117 ii DEDICATORIA A mis queridos padres Prospero Segura y Justina Ilizarbe por ser mis consejeros y mis unicos amigos en quien podia confiar mis metas y aspiraciones, por inculcarme valores, deseos de superacion y por su apoyo incondicional. A mis hermanos Susy, Jose Luis, Fernando y Gladys que supieron comprenderme y soportarme con paciencia todos los desafios y dificultades que pasamos para culminar mi carrera. A mis amigos, amigas por los consejos y por alentarme en momentos de desánimo. iii AGRADECIMIENTOS A Dios, por ser parte de mi vida espiritual que llena mi alma de sentimientos, deseos, mejores dias y por haberme permitido cumplir con mis estudios de pregrado. A mis padres Prospero y Justina, quienes con su esfuerzo, dedicación, cariño y amor incondicional han hecho de mi una dama de valor, de lucha por conseguir mis sueños y metas. A mis hermanos por su apoyo incondicional y comprension en todo momento. A la Ing. Lilly Gozar Cordova, docente adscrito a la Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente, por su colaboracion y orientacion durante el trabajo de investigacion. Al Ing. Raul Yaranga Cano, docente adscrito a la Facultad de Zootecnia, por su colaboracion y orientacion durante el trabajo de investigacion. A la Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, en especial a todos los docentes de la Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente, por los conocimientos brindados en todos los años de estudio. Gracias a todas las personas que siempre creyeron en mí y que directa e indirectamente me apoyaron en este proceso de mi vida, amigos, amigas y compañeros. Flora iv ÍNDICE Pág. RESUMEN ........................................................................................................................... xi ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ xii I. INTRODUCCIÓN ..................................................................................................... 1 II. REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA ................................................................................ 3 2.1. Antecedentes de la investigación ..................................................................... 3 2.1.1. Antecedentes internacionales ............................................................... 3 2.1.2. Antecedentes nacionales ....................................................................... 5 2.2. Marco teórico .................................................................................................... 8 2.2.1. Diversidad alfa ...................................................................................... 8 2.2.2. Cobertura vegetal ............................................................................... 11 2.2.3. Productividad vegetal ......................................................................... 12 2.2.4. Humedales ........................................................................................... 14 2.2.5. Normas legales ..................................................................................... 18 2.3. Bases conceptuales .......................................................................................... 19 III. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO ....................................................................................... 21 3.1. Lugar de ejecución .......................................................................................... 21 3.2. Características generales del lugar de ejecución ......................................... 21 3.2.1. Ubicación ............................................................................................. 21 3.3. Características físicas ..................................................................................... 22 v 3.3.1. Temperatura, precipitación y humedad ........................................... 22 3.4. Características físicas ..................................................................................... 23 3.4.1. Ecología - zona de vida ....................................................................... 23 3.5. Características socioeconómicas.................................................................... 24 3.5.1. Población .............................................................................................. 24 3.6. Materiales y equipos ....................................................................................... 24 3.6.1. Materiales de campo ........................................................................... 24 3.6.2. Materiales de laboratorio ................................................................... 24 3.6.3. Equipos de campo y laboratorio ........................................................ 25 3.6.4. Materiales y equipos de gabinete ....................................................... 25 3.7. Metodología ..................................................................................................... 25 3.7.1. Tipo de investigación .......................................................................... 25 3.7.2. Nivel de investigación ......................................................................... 25 3.7.3. Diseño de investigación ....................................................................... 25 3.7.4. Variables .............................................................................................. 25 3.7.5. Población y muestra ............................................................................ 25 3.8.1. Fase de pre campo ............................................................................... 26 3.8.2. Fase de campo ..................................................................................... 26 3.8.3. Fase de laboratorio ............................................................................. 27 3.8.4. Fase de gabinete .................................................................................. 28 IV. RESULTADOS ......................................................................................................... 32 4.1. Riqueza específica y estructura de especies vegetales presentes en el humedal Chocón – Jauja ................................................................................ 32 4.1.1. Abundancia (Cobertura) .................................................................... 33 4.1.2. Indices de diversidad .......................................................................... 37 4.2. Area foliar especifica y masa foliar seca del humedal Chocon - Jauja ...... 39 4.2.1. Área foliar especifica .......................................................................... 40 vi 4.2.2. Contenido de materia o masa foliar seca .......................................... 41 4.3. Diversidad vegetal del humedal Chocon - Jauja .......................................... 42 V. DISCUSIÓN ............................................................................................................. 43 5.1. Riqueza específica y estructura de especies vegetales presentes en el humedal Chocón – Jauja ................................................................................ 43 5.2. Area foliar específica y masa foliar seca del humedal Chocón - Jauja ...... 45 5.3. Diversidad vegetal del humedal Chocón - Jauja .......................................... 45 VI. CONCLUSIONES .................................................................................................... 47 VII. RECOMENDACIONES .......................................................................................... 48 VIII. BIBLIOGRAFÍA ...................................................................................................... 49 ANEXOS ............................................................................................................................ 52 ANEXO 1: Fotos de la diversidad vegetal del humedal Chocón – Jauja. .......................... 53 ANEXO 2: Fotografías donde se realizó la investigación. ................................................. 57 ANEXO 3: Mapas ............................................................................................................... 61 ANEXO 4: Constancia ........................................................................................................ 65 vii ÍNDICE DE TABLAS Pág. Tabla 1. Valores de abundancia según Westhoff y van der Maarel .......................... 11 Tabla 2. Riqueza especifica de la diversidad vegetal encontrada en el humedal Chocón – Jauja. ...........................................................................................
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