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Copyright by Mary Harding Polk 2016 The Dissertation Committee for Mary Harding Polk Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: “They Are Drying Out”: Social-Ecological Consequences of Glacier Recession on Mountain Peatlands in Huascarán National Park, Peru Committee: Kenneth R. Young, Supervisor Kelley A. Crews Gregory W. Knapp Daene C. McKinney Francisco L. Pérez “They Are Drying Out”: Social-Ecological Consequences of Glacier Recession on Mountain Peatlands in Huascarán National Park, Peru by Mary Harding Polk, B.A., M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin May 2016 Acknowledgements The journey to the Cordillera Blanca and Huascarán National Park started with a whiff of tear gas during the Arequipazo of 2002. During a field season in Arequipa, the city erupted into civil unrest. In a stroke of neoliberalism, newly elected President Alejandro Toledo privatized Egesur and Egasa, regional power generation companies, by selling them to a Belgian entity. Arequipeños violently protested President Toledo’s reversal on his campaign pledge not to privatize industries. Overnight, the streets filled with angry protesters demonstrating against “los Yanquis.” The President declared a state of emergency that kept Agnes Wommack and me trapped in our hotel because the streets were unsafe for a couple of Yanquis. After 10 days of being confined, we decided to venture out to the local bakery. Not long after our first sips of coffee, tear gas floated onto the patio and the lovely owner rushed out with wet towels to cover our faces. -
Universidad Nacional Del Centro Del Peru
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL CENTRO DEL PERU FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS FORESTALES Y DEL AMBIENTE "COMPOSICIÓN FLORÍSTICA Y ESTADO DE CONSERVACIÓN DE LOS BOSQUES DE Kageneckia lanceolata Ruiz & Pav. Y Escallonia myrtilloides L.f. EN LA RESERVA PAISAJÍSTICA NOR YAUYOS COCHAS" TESIS PARA OPTAR EL TÍTULO PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERO FORESTAL Y AMBIENTAL Bach. CARLOS MICHEL ROMERO CARBAJAL Bach. DELY LUZ RAMOS POCOMUCHA HUANCAYO – JUNÍN – PERÚ JULIO – 2009 A mis padres Florencio Ramos y Leonarda Pocomucha, por su constante apoyo y guía en mi carrera profesional. DELY A mi familia Héctor Romero, Eva Carbajal y Milton R.C., por su ejemplo de voluntad, afecto y amistad. CARLOS ÍNDICE AGRADECIMIENTOS .................................................................................. i RESUMEN .................................................................................................. ii I. INTRODUCCIÓN ........................................................................... 1 II. REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA ........................................................... 3 2.1. Bosques Andinos ........................................................................ 3 2.2. Formación Vegetal ...................................................................... 7 2.3. Composición Florística ................................................................ 8 2.4. Indicadores de Diversidad ......................................................... 10 2.5. Biología de la Conservación...................................................... 12 2.6. Estado de Conservación -
Diversidad De Plantas Y Vegetación Del Páramo Andino
Plant diversity and vegetation of the Andean Páramo Diversidad de plantas y vegetación del Páramo Andino By Gwendolyn Peyre A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor from the University of Barcelona and Aarhus University University of Barcelona, Faculty of Biology, PhD Program Biodiversity Aarhus University, Institute of Bioscience, PhD Program Bioscience Supervisors: Dr. Xavier Font, Dr. Henrik Balslev Tutor: Dr. Xavier Font March, 2015 Aux peuples andins Summary The páramo is a high mountain ecosystem that includes all natural habitats located between the montane treeline and the permanent snowline in the humid northern Andes. Given its recent origin and continental insularity among tropical lowlands, the páramo evolved as a biodiversity hotspot, with a vascular flora of more than 3400 species and high endemism. Moreover, the páramo provides many ecosystem services for human populations, essentially water supply and carbon storage. Anthropogenic activities, mostly agriculture and burning- grazing practices, as well as climate change are major threats for the páramo’s integrity. Consequently, further scientific research and conservation strategies must be oriented towards this unique region. Botanical and ecological knowledge on the páramo is extensive but geographically heterogeneous. Moreover, most research studies and management strategies are carried out at local to national scale and given the vast extension of the páramo, regional studies are also needed. The principal limitation for regional páramo studies is the lack of a substantial source of good quality botanical data covering the entire region and freely accessible. To meet the needs for a regional data source, we created VegPáramo, a floristic and vegetation database containing 3000 vegetation plots sampled with the phytosociological method throughout the páramo region and proceeding from the existing literature and our fieldwork (Chapter 1). -
Vegetation of Andean Wetlands (Bofedales) in Huascarán National Park, Peru
Vegetation of Andean wetlands (bofedales) in Huascarán National Park, Peru M.H. Polk1, K.R. Young1, A. Cano2 and B. León1,2 1Department of Geography & the Environment, The University of Texas at Austin, USA 2Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú _______________________________________________________________________________________ SUMMARY Hybrid terrestrial-aquatic ecosystems in the Andes, commonly known as bofedales, consist of both peatlands and wet meadows and line valley floors at elevations > 3800 m. Compared with similar ecosystems at lower altitudes and higher latitudes, the ecosystem processes and spatial patterns of bofedales are only just beginning to be understood. The research presented here provides the first exploratory and descriptive analysis of the biodiversity and place-to-place variation of vegetation in bofedales in three valleys inside Peru’s Huascarán National Park. Through vegetation surveys, we recorded 112 plant species in 29 families. Over a short geographical distance, a valley-to-valley comparison showed high dissimilarity in terms of species composition. Based on dominant life form and species composition, vegetation in bofedales can be grouped into five assemblages. Our preliminary analysis suggests that several abiotic factors could influence the floristic composition of bofedales: elevation, bulk density, percent organic matter, and cation exchange capacity. The findings of high valley-to-valley variation in species, soil and elevation influences may be useful to land managers of high mountain landscapes that are undergoing transformation related to glacier recession. While our findings advance research on tropical Andean bofedales, they also highlight the need for additional comprehensive investigations to fill gaps in knowledge about the tropical mountains of Latin America. -
Reconstructing the Potential Natural Vegetation and Soils of the High Andes
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2015 Reconstructing the potential natural vegetation and soils of the high Andes Sylvester, Steven Paul Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-119640 Dissertation Published Version Originally published at: Sylvester, Steven Paul. Reconstructing the potential natural vegetation and soils of the high Andes. 2015, University of Zurich, Faculty of Science. Reconstructing the potential natural vegetation and soils of the high Andes Dissertation zur Erlangung der naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorwürde (Dr.sc.nat.) vorgelegt der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Zürich von Steven Paul Sylvester aus England Promotionskomitee: PD. Dr. Michael Kessler (Vorsitz) Prof. Dr. Peter Linder Dr. Colin Hughes Zürich, 2015 Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................................. 5 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG ............................................................................................................................. 7 SYNOPSIS ................................................................................................................................................. 9 PROLOGUE ............................................................................................................................................ 11 THE QUESTION: ARE THE -
Phylogenetic Classification of Subtribe Castillejinae (Orobanchaceae)
Systematic Botany (2009), 34(1): pp. 182–197 © Copyright 2009 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists Phylogenetic Classification of Subtribe Castillejinae (Orobanchaceae) David C. Tank, 1,3, 4 J. Mark Egger, 2 and Richard G. Olmstead 1,2 1 Department of Biology, University of Washington, Box 355325, Seattle, Washington 98195 U.S.A. 2 Herbarium, Burke Museum of Natural History, University of Washington, Box 355325, Seattle, Washington 98195 U.S.A. 3 Present Address: Department of Forest Resources and Stillinger Herbarium, University of Idaho, PO Box 441133, Moscow, Idaho 83844-1133 U.S.A. 4 Author for Correspondence ( [email protected] ) Communicating Editor: Lena Struwe Abstract— Recent molecular systematic research has indicated the need for a revised circumscription of generic boundaries in subtribe Castillejinae (tribe Pedicularideae, Orobanchaceae). Based on a well-resolved and well-supported phylogenetic hypothesis, we present a for- mal reclassification of the major lineages comprising the Castillejinae. Prior to this treatment, subtribe Castillejinae included Castilleja (ca. 190 spp.), Cordylanthus (18 spp.), Orthocarpus (9 spp.), Triphysaria (5 spp.), and the monotypic genera Clevelandia and Ophiocephalus. In the clas- sification presented here, Orthocarpus and Triphysaria retain their current circumscriptions, Castilleja is expanded to include Clevelandia and Ophiocephalus , and Cordylanthus is split into three genera; a key to the genera as they are recognized here is provided. Two new combinations, Castilleja beldingii and Castilleja ophiocephala , are proposed within the expanded Castilleja . The concept of Cordylanthus is restricted to the 13 species formerly recognized as subg. Cordylanthus , while subg. Dicranostegia and subg. Hemistegia are elevated to genus level ( Dicranostegia and Chloropyron , respectively). -
Licenciada En Biología Puno – Perú 2016
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL ALTIPLANO FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE biología K DIVERSIDAD DE ESPECIES DE FLORA SILVESTRE EN LA ISLA LAGARTO DEL LAGO TITICACA-PUNO TESIS PRESENTADO POR: Br. MARIA DE GUADALUPE CCALLOMAMANI HILASACA PARA OPTAR EL TÍTULO PROFESIONAL DE: LICENCIADA EN BIOLOGÍA PUNO – PERÚ 2016 DEDICATORIA A mi papá, Mariano de la Candelaria CCallomamani Flores quien con su ejemplo de vida e inmenso amor, supo guiarme en el camino de la vida. Tú eres el dueño de mis éxitos. A mi padre Pablo Esmael CCallomamani CCallomamani que me enseñaste a luchar por mis sueños y nunca darme por vencida aun cuando todo esté en contra. A mi madre, Albina Hilasaca Mamani, por enseñarme lo importante que es tener la familia unida, por confiar en mí. A mi hermanito Juan diego, mi motivo de superación. Gracias DIOS por haberme otorgado una familia maravillosa. “Dos cosas que me llaman la atención: la inteligencia de la bestia y la bestialidad de los hombres” Flora Tristán AGRADECIMIENTOS . Agradezco fundamentalmente a la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano y a todos sus docentes, por haberme impartido conocimiento para mi desarrollo profesional. Mi sincero agradecimiento al P. Roberto Hoffamnn por su confianza y apoyo, que contribuyo en mi formación académica. Al Dr. Ángel Canales Gutiérrez, por su orientación y apoyo durante la ejecución de mi proyecto de tesis. Agradezco especialmente a mi asesora Mg. Ivon Rocío Gutiérrez Flores, por su orientación y exigencia en mi proyecto de tesis. A mis jurados que con las mejores intenciones supieron corregir y guiar para la presentación de mi proyecto de tesis. -
Flora Y Vegetación De Suelos Crioturbados Y Hábitats Asociados
Rev. peru. biol. 18(2): 169 - 178 (Agosto 2011) © Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas UNMSM Flora y vegetación de suelos crioturbados delISSN abra 1561-0837 Apacheta Flora y vegetación de suelos crioturbados y hábitats asociados en los alrededores del abra Apacheta, Ayacucho - Huancavelica (Perú) Flora and vegetation on cryoturbated and associates habitats around abra Apacheta, Ayacucho - Huancavelica (Peru) Asunción Cano1,2, Amalia Delgado1, Wilfredo Mendoza1, Huber Trinidad1, Paúl Gonzáles1, María I. La Torre1, Magda Chanco1,2, Héctor Aponte1, José Roque1, Niels Valencia1,2 y Eduardo Navarro1 1 Laboratorio de Florística, Depar- tamento de Dicotiledóneas, Museo Resumen de Historia Natural –Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Se presentan los resultados del estudio de la flora y vegetación de suelos crioturbados y hábitats asociados Av. Arenales 1256, Lima 11, Perú. realizados en la zona del Abra Apacheta, en las provincias de Cangallo (Ayacucho) y Huaytará (Huancavelica). Email Asunción Cano: Los objetivos fueron: estudiar la composición de la flora vascular de los altos Andes (por encima de los 4500 m [email protected] de altitud) y caracterizar la vegetación altoandina. Se aplicaron técnicas convencionales de colecta botánica, 2 Instituto de Investigación de Cien- cias Biológicas Antonio Raimondi así como evaluaciones de la cobertura vegetal mediante transectos. Se registraron 134 especies de plantas (ICBAR), Facultad de Ciencias vasculares agrupadas en 60 géneros y 23 familias. Las eudicotiledóneas son el grupo dominante con el 74% Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del total de familias reportadas, 82% en géneros y 77% en especies; seguido por las monocotiledóneas (13% Mayor de San Marcos. de las familias, 13% de los géneros y 21% de las especies). -
(A) E Índice De Productividad Vegetal Del Humedal Chocon – Jauja
Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente Diversidad (a) e índice de productividad vegetal del humedal Chocon – Jauja Segura Ilizarbe, Flora Huancayo 2019 ____________________________________________________________________________________ Segura, F. (2019) Diversidad (a) e índice de productividad vegetal del humedal Chocon – Jauja (Tesis para optar el Título Profesional de Ingeniero Forestal y Ambiental) Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú – Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente – Huancayo – Perú Diversidad (a) e índice de productividad vegetal del humedal Chocon – Jauja Esta obra está bajo una licencia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Repositorio Institucional - UNCP UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL CENTRO DEL PERÚ FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS FORESTALES Y DEL AMBIENTE TESIS “DIVERSIDAD (α) E ÍNDICE DE PRODUCTIVIDAD VEGETAL DEL HUMEDAL CHOCON - JAUJA” PRESENTADA POR LA BACHILLER: FLORA SEGURA ILIZARBE PARA OPTAR EL TÍTULO PROFESIONAL DE: INGENIERA FORESTAL Y AMBIENTAL HUANCAYO – PERÚ 2019 ASESORA: Ing. Lilly Nelly Gozar Cordova CIP 37117 ii DEDICATORIA A mis queridos padres Prospero Segura y Justina Ilizarbe por ser mis consejeros y mis unicos amigos en quien podia confiar mis metas y aspiraciones, por inculcarme valores, deseos de superacion y por su apoyo incondicional. A mis hermanos Susy, Jose Luis, Fernando y Gladys que supieron comprenderme y soportarme con paciencia todos los desafios y dificultades que pasamos para culminar mi carrera. A mis amigos, amigas por los consejos y por alentarme en momentos de desánimo. iii AGRADECIMIENTOS A Dios, por ser parte de mi vida espiritual que llena mi alma de sentimientos, deseos, mejores dias y por haberme permitido cumplir con mis estudios de pregrado. A mis padres Prospero y Justina, quienes con su esfuerzo, dedicación, cariño y amor incondicional han hecho de mi una dama de valor, de lucha por conseguir mis sueños y metas. -
Andean Flora of Ecuador
Andean Flora of Ecuador Naturetrek Tour Report 25 September - 10 October 2012 Chromacris psittacus Odontoglossum sp. Epidendrum sp Inca Jays Report compiled by Gustavo Cañas Valle Images courtesy of Alastair Robinson Naturetrek Cheriton Mill Cheriton Alresford Hampshire SO24 0NG England T: +44 (0)1962 733051 F: +44 (0)1962 736426 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk Tour Report Andean Flora of Ecuador Tour Leader: Gustavo Cañas Valle Participants: Ruth Robinson Alastair Robinson Alison Wesley Wendy Allen Margareth Edwards Hilary Green Summary Our journey in Ecuador meandered through 10 different vegetation formations out of the 16 general ones described by Neill (1999, in Jørgensen and Leon eds. 1999). This diversity of habitats harbors 16.000+ vascular plants in more than 250 native families, about 5 times more species than the British Isles (in a territory with an area which is only 10% smaller). We traveled the Eastern Andes of Ecuador, enjoying comfortable lodges, exotic food, new plants, and dramatic landscapes. During 14 nights exploring this territory, we recorded about 500+ native plant species! Out of those, 35 are endemic to Ecuador and another 90+ are shared endemics: species found in Colombia (COL) or Perú (PER). Additionally, we watched and identified 102 colorful bird species, including local and difficult to see specialties such as Rufous-bellied Seedsnipe, and White-breasted Antpitta. Also we learned how these habitats nowadays face important conservation challenges. Day 1 Tuesday 25th September Travel from the UK to Quito. Day 2 Wednesday 26th September After a short drive from our hotel we arrived at one of the traditional markets, which is managed by the city, but supplied and run by rural farmers: Santa Clara Market. -
Redalyc.Flora Y Vegetación De Suelos Crioturbados Y Hábitats Asociados
Revista Peruana de Biología ISSN: 1561-0837 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Perú Cano, Asunción; Delgado, Amalia; Mendoza, Wilfredo; Trinidad, Huber; Gonzáles, Paúl; La Torre, María I.; Chanco, Magda; Aponte, Héctor; Roque, José; Valencia, Niels; Navarro, Eduardo Flora y vegetación de suelos crioturbados y hábitats asociados en los alrededores del abra Apacheta, Ayacucho - Huancavelica (Perú) Revista Peruana de Biología, vol. 18, núm. 2, agosto, 2011, pp. 169-178 Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Lima, Perú Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=195022433007 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Rev. peru. biol. 18(2): 169 - 178 (Agosto 2011) © Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas UNMSM Flora y vegetación de suelos crioturbados delISSN abra 1561-0837 Apacheta Flora y vegetación de suelos crioturbados y hábitats asociados en los alrededores del abra Apacheta, Ayacucho - Huancavelica (Perú) Flora and vegetation on cryoturbated and associates habitats around abra Apacheta, Ayacucho - Huancavelica (Peru) Asunción Cano1,2, Amalia Delgado1, Wilfredo Mendoza1, Huber Trinidad1, Paúl Gonzáles1, María I. La Torre1, Magda Chanco1,2, Héctor Aponte1, José Roque1, Niels Valencia1,2 y Eduardo Navarro1 1 Laboratorio de Florística, Depar- tamento de Dicotiledóneas, Museo Resumen de Historia Natural –Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Se presentan los resultados del estudio de la flora y vegetación de suelos crioturbados y hábitats asociados Av. Arenales 1256, Lima 11, Perú. -
Andean Flora of Ecuador
Andean Flora of Ecuador Naturetrek Tour Report 5 - 20 November 2005 Report compiled by Gustavo Cañas-Valle Naturetrek Cheriton Mill Cheriton Alresford Hampshire SO24 0NG England T: +44 (0)1962 733051 F: +44 (0)1962 736426 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk Tour Report Andean Flora of Ecuador Tour leaders: Gustavo Cañas-Valle Hugolino Oñate Tour participants: Judith Cain Susan Penny Helge Vindenes Barbara Vindenes Introduction In Ecuador botanists have catalogued up to 16,087 plant species, in 273 families. More than 3200 of these species are orchids (Moeller-Joergensen & Leon-Yanez, 1999). The rainy seasons usually trigger blooming in most plants, and therefore different species bloom at different times of year. The three geographical regions of Ecuador have different rainy seasons, thereby corresponding with three different periods of blooming. In the coastal region, west of the Andes, the rains start between December and January and stop around May or June. In the Highlands the peak of the rainy season occurs in May, though it starts between March and April. For the Ecuadorian Amazon – Eastern Andean Slopes and basin, the rains start between July and August and start to calm down around September and October. Throughout the Orchid Trip, we visited 18 different localities on the Eastern Mountain Range of the Ecuadorian Andes. This report describes most of the plant species we saw in bloom in November 2005 when we visited the Eastern Andes in Ecuador. November is a good month for keen botanists to visit the Eastern Mountain range of the Andes and the slopes of the Ecuadorian Amazon when the dry season begins, and there is still rainfall but in smaller amounts.