For Bloody Honor : the Russian Civil War ★ © M

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

For Bloody Honor : the Russian Civil War ★ © M ✩ FOR BLOODY HONOR : THE RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR ★ © M. Woloshen 2006 represented by one player. The Whites are represented by up CONTENTS ✩ to 6 players, each taking the role of one of the main factions fighting the Reds. They are the: Denekin Faction (and later Section Page Wrangel), Kolchak Faction, Yudenich Faction, Czech Le- 1 Introduction 1 gion, Foreign Faction, and Mahkno/Poles. If fewer than 6, the White factions are divided as evenly 2 Political Influence & Control 1 as possible among however many players can be found. It is 3 How to Win 2 possible to play the game as a 2 player contest, one player 4 Sequence of Play 3 taking the Reds and one player taking all the White factions. 5 Mahkno Faction 3 In the game, the Whites may not work together (exception - See Combat). They may move into and out of 6 Activation Phase 3 each others territory, and may attack together, but with limita- 7 Movement Action 4 tions. When calculating political points for reinforcement, re- 8 Combat Action 5 cruitment and defection (see below) and victory purposes, 9 Replacment & Recruitment 6 they calculate as individual factions. Although the ultimate goal is the defeat of the Reds, his- 10 Political Control Phase 7 torically there was a lot of infighting and bickering among the 11 Special Rules 7 various White factions and little joint cooperation. 12 Design Credits 10 1. INTRODUCTION ★ 2. POLITICAL INFLUENCE & CONTROL ✩ The purpose of this game is to allow players the oppor- 2.1 Political Influence tunity of simulating some of the factors which influenced the Political influence represents the will of the people in Russian Civil War. Political influence, railways, foreign inter- that region to “support” your faction. Each zone in the game vention and discord among the White factions allowed the has a highlighted number in it. This number represents the Bolsheviks the chance to win. Can you as the Reds repeat his- Political Influence your faction will gain by controlling that tory? or can you, as the Whites, change the course of events zone. Political Influence also is important in determining who in the 20th century? The only way to know is by playing wins the game. The faction with the highest amount of Politi- Civil War: Russkaya. cal Influence at the end of game turn 10 wins. (If the com- bined total of all the White factions is greater than the Red to- 1.1 The Map tal, the Whites have won.) The map shows all of Russia. It is divided into 23 Zones Rebuilding previously lost pieces is also regulated by which are used to control movement and political influence. Political Influence (except for the Foreign Faction and the Portions of the Trans-Siberian Railway are shown on the map Czech Legion - see below). The more Political Influence a and are used to help move a players’ pieces. faction has, the more units will reappear that turn. (See the Each zone is identified by a city named in red (eg. Ka- Reinforcement Chart on the Charts and Reminders page.) zan Zone). The Zone also contains the Political Point value Political Influence points are noted separately by each based on the population of the territory and its potential re- faction on the Political Influence Track on the game map. As sources. Controlling zones is explained in the Control section Political Influence points are gained or lost, players will move of the rules. their Political Influence Point marker along the track accord- ingly. 1.2 Game Scale 2.2 Control The game is composed of 10 game turns, each repre- senting 4 months of real time from the end of 1918 to the end Control refers to which faction, if any, “owns” a zone. of 1921. The time is noted on the Game Turn Track located To gain control of a zone, a player must move some of their on the map. units into the zone. If, at the end of their player phase they are Each military unit has a combat value of 1 (exception: the sole occupant of that zone, they get control of that zone. Tanks; see 11.4.1). These units represent the military compo- Place a control marker of the appropriate faction in the zone. nent of each faction and each unit is a force of between 5,000 As an exception to this rule, when the Japanese Foreign Fac- to 15,000 men. tion unit is placed in Vladivostok (as a reinforcement or re- placement), it does NOT gain control of the Vladivostok Zone. Control would remain with the White faction which 1.3 Sides controlled the zone prior to the placement of the Japanese There are two opposing sides in For Bloody Honor. unit. It is just placed there until it is time to move. The two sides are the Reds (Bolsheviks) and the Whites (a A zone remains under the control of the last player who loose association of anti-Bolshevik factions). The Reds are occupied it. That means that once a faction controls a zone, it 1 January 2007 ✩ FOR BLOODY HONOR : THE RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR ★ © M. Woloshen 2006 will remain theirs until a unit from another faction is the sole count for either the Whites or the Reds. occupant of that zone. Remove the former factions’ control If at any time all the Red pieces have been eliminated, marker and replace it with the current factions’ control the game continues for up to two full turns (but the game will marker. This is mandatory, so if a faction has no units in a not extend beyond Game Turn 10). The Whites fight amongst zone and another faction has at least one unit in the zone, the themselves to gain as many Political Influence Points as they new faction places one of their control markers in the zone can (See the Special Rules section). and removes the old one. (See the Retreat rules in the Combat Should all the pieces of one of the White factions be section.) eliminated, then only that faction is out of the game. The re- When a faction controls a zone, they get all the Political maining White factions play on. When the last Denekin unit Influence Points for that zone. is removed, the Denekin player now uses the Wrangel units After a combat, it is possible for the White player to (he becomes the Wrangel faction). Wrangel’s units set up in have units from several factions occupying the same zone. In either the Rostov or Baku Zone (see 11.3). this case, the White faction which moved into the zone first The main object of the game for the Whites, is to defeat gets the Political Influence from that zone the Reds. The Reds want to control Russia. If they do not Example: The Kolchak Faction, Czech Legion, and the achieve their objective, the Whites have won. Foreign Faction end a combat with the Reds in the Kazan The foreign factions (Poles, Czechs, and Foreign Zone (the Reds retreated). All three White factions have four Factions), contribute to the total of political influence points, units left in the Zone. Control of the zone would go to the fac- they may not be declared the winners. The Russian faction tion which moved into the zone first. with the highest total is declared the winner (This is a Russian Civil war after all. The foreigners had their own agendas.) 2.3 Contested Zones *Optional: The core area of Russia is the European por- tion (the area containing: the Moscow, Petrograd, Minsk, When a Zone contains units from one or more White Kiev and Odessa Zones). To add some challenge to the game, factions and Red units, that Zone is said to be contested. The the side that has the highest Political Influence total and con- control of the zone will be determined either through move- trols the Moscow Zone and one other Zone listed above is de- ment (one or more of the factions moves out of the zone), or clared the winner. If only one of these criteria are met, then through combat (one or more factions are eliminated/retreat they are not the winner. out of the zone). The zone will no longer be contested when it is occupied by one faction only. That faction then gains con- trol - place an appropriate faction control marker in the zone. 4. SEQUENCE OF PLAY ✩ 2.4 Control Markers Civil War: Russkaya is composed of ten game turns, There is a set limit to the number of control markers each being organized into three player phases, the Baltic each faction has throughout the game. Once all of a faction’s Treaty Phase, Activation phase, and the Political Control control markers are in play, that faction can no longer gain phase. Each Activation phase has a number of sub-phases control of any new zones, even if they are the sole occupant. which must be performed based on the order of the chits The only way to “release” a zone from a faction’s con- pulled. They include: movement, combat, and/or replace- trol is if another faction occupies the zone with a unit. Players ment/recruitment may not make “trades” for zones (you are in it for Upon completion of all three phases the game turn is yourselves). complete and the game turn marker can be advanced into the next space. The whole sequence is followed again until the 2.5 Elimination of the Reds end of the 1921 game turn (turn 10). Should the Reds be eliminated before the end of the Each player performs these phases in the order given.
Recommended publications
  • Optional Rules - Armoured Trains
    OPTIONAL RULES - ARMOURED TRAINS - Over the previous editions of Blitzkrieg Commander, many optional rules have been developed either within the rules themselves or as house rules by various players and clubs. These rules are optional and all players participating in games where they apply must agree to their use in advance of starting the game. They can be played to represent specific scenarios or campaigns, or to add additional detail to a game. ARMOURED TRAINS It is generally agreed that the Russian Civil War was the hay-day of the Armoured Train and it was then that they were most widely used and at their most effective. However, by the period covered by BKC-IV, whilst Armoured Trains featured in conflicts in China, Manchuria and eastern Europe, their use was on the decline as air power started to dramatically increase their vulnerability. Armoured Trains fall broadly into two categories – Improvised and Purpose Built: - Improvised armoured trains appear particularly in China and Manchuria and are smaller, less heavily armoured and generally poorer in performance (although there were exceptions). Their primary function was usually the rapid deployment of infantry (or cavalry) with the trains guns acting in a defensive rather than offensive capacity. - Purpose built armoured trains were used on the Eastern Front in Europe and Russia during WW2, with the Poles, Russians and Germans (amongst others) continuing the tradition of building them. These trains were often used offensively and were formidable opponents. IMPROVISED ARMOURED TRAINS The variations of weapons, armour, armaments and infantry contingents that made up the improvised armoured trains were almost as variable as the number of individual trains converted and deployed.
    [Show full text]
  • THE RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR Also by A
    THE RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR Also by A. B. Murphy ASPECTIVAL USAGE IN RUSSIAN INlRODUCTION AND COMMENTARY TO SHOLOKHOV'S TlKHlY DON MIKHAIL ZOSHCHENKO: A Literary Project Also by G. R. Swain EASTERN EUROPE SINCE 1945 (co-author) THE ORIGINS OF THE RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR RUSSIAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY AND THE LEGAL LABOUR MOVEMENT,1906-14 The Russian Civil War Documents from the Soviet Archives Edited by v. P. Butt Senior Scientific Collaborator Institute of Russian History Russian Academy of Sciences A. B. Murphy Professor Emeritus of Russian University of Ulster N. A. Myshov Senior Scientific Collaborator and ChiefArchivist Russian State Military Archive and G. R. Swain Professor ofHistory University of the West of England First published in Great Britain 1996 by MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-0-333-59319-6 ISBN 978-1-349-25026-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-25026-4 First published in the United States of America 1996 by ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC., Scholarly and Reference Division, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 ISBN 978-0-312-16337-2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Russian civil war: documents from the Soviet archives / edited by V. P. Butt ... ret al.l p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-312-16337-2 (cloth) I. Soviet Union-History-Revolution, 1917-1921-Sources. I. Butt, V. P. DK265.A5372 1996 947.084'I-dc20 96-19904 CIP Selection, editorial matter and translation © V.
    [Show full text]
  • The Forgotten Fronts the First World War Battlefield Guide: World War Battlefield First the the Forgotten Fronts Forgotten The
    Ed 1 Nov 2016 1 Nov Ed The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The Forgotten Fronts The First Battlefield War World Guide: The Forgotten Fronts Creative Media Design ADR005472 Edition 1 November 2016 THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | i The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The British Army Campaign Guide to the Forgotten Fronts of the First World War 1st Edition November 2016 Acknowledgement The publisher wishes to acknowledge the assistance of the following organisations in providing text, images, multimedia links and sketch maps for this volume: Defence Geographic Centre, Imperial War Museum, Army Historical Branch, Air Historical Branch, Army Records Society,National Portrait Gallery, Tank Museum, National Army Museum, Royal Green Jackets Museum,Shepard Trust, Royal Australian Navy, Australian Defence, Royal Artillery Historical Trust, National Archive, Canadian War Museum, National Archives of Canada, The Times, RAF Museum, Wikimedia Commons, USAF, US Library of Congress. The Cover Images Front Cover: (1) Wounded soldier of the 10th Battalion, Black Watch being carried out of a communication trench on the ‘Birdcage’ Line near Salonika, February 1916 © IWM; (2) The advance through Palestine and the Battle of Megiddo: A sergeant directs orders whilst standing on one of the wooden saddles of the Camel Transport Corps © IWM (3) Soldiers of the Royal Army Service Corps outside a Field Ambulance Station. © IWM Inside Front Cover: Helles Memorial, Gallipoli © Barbara Taylor Back Cover: ‘Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red’ at the Tower of London © Julia Gavin ii | THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | iii ISBN: 978-1-874346-46-3 First published in November 2016 by Creative Media Designs, Army Headquarters, Andover.
    [Show full text]
  • Men-On-The-Spot and the Allied Intervention in the Russian Civil War, 1917-1920 Undergraduate
    A Highly Disreputable Enterprise: Men-on-the-Spot and the Allied Intervention in the Russian Civil War, 1917-1920 Undergraduate Research Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for graduation "with Honors Research Distinction in History" in the undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Conrad Allen The Ohio State University May 2016 Project Advisor: Professor Jennifer Siegel, Department of History The First World War ended on November 11, 1918. The guns that had battered away at each other in France and Belgium for four long years finally fell silent at eleven A.M. as the signed armistice went into effect. "There came a second of expectant silence, and then a curious rippling sound, which observers far behind the front likened to the noise of a light wind. It was the sound of men cheering from the Vosges to the sea," recorded South African soldier John Buchan, as victorious Allied troops went wild with celebration. "No sleep all night," wrote Harry Truman, then an artillery officer on the Western Front, "The infantry fired Very pistols, sent up all the flares they could lay their hands on, fired rifles, pistols, whatever else would make noise, all night long."1 They celebrated their victory, and the fact that they had survived the worst war of attrition the world had ever seen. "I've lived through the war!" cheered an airman in the mess hall of ace pilot Eddie Rickenbacker's American fighter squadron. "We won't be shot at any more!"2 But all was not quiet on every front.
    [Show full text]
  • Revolution in Russia and the Formation of the Soviet Union
    CLASSROOM COUNTRY PROFILES Revolution in Russia and the Formation of the Soviet Union The Russian Revolution often refers to two events that took place in 1917. The first, known as the February Revolution, forced Tsar Nicholas II to abdicate and led to the formation of a provisional government. During the second event, commonly known as the October Revolution or Bolshevik Revolution, Vla- dimir Lenin’s Bolshevik Party seized power and began seven decades of one-party rule. Some scholars and Soviet critics have argued that the second event was actually a coup by Lenin and his supporters and not a true revolution. The Russian Empire in 1914. Date confusion—The February Revolution actually In the early 1900s, cracks were beginning to appear in the tsar’s control took place in early March. Because the Russian Em- over the Russian Empire. An attempted revolution in 1905, which saw pire followed the Julian Calendar, which is 13 days mass worker strikes and peasant revolts, shook the monarchy and forced behind the Gregorian Calendar, the events are referred Tsar Nicholas II to implement political reform, including the establishment to as the February Revolution. Likewise, the October of a parliament and a new constitution. Revolution actually took place in early November. Reform temporarily quieted the unrest, but the new policies proved inef- Soviet—The word means “council” in Russian. Soviets fective and the parliament, known as the State Duma, was largely unable were workers’ councils made up of various socialist to override the Tsar’s decrees. parties at the end of the Russian Empire.
    [Show full text]
  • White Book on Violations of Human Rights and the Rule of Law in Ukraine (April 2014 — Mid-June 2014)
    WHITE BOOK ON VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE RULE OF LAW IN UKRAINE (APRIL 2014 — MID-JUNE 2014) OBL_Belaya kniga2_Eng.indd 1 08.07.2014 16:05:26 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation WHITE BOOK ON VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE RULE OF LAW IN UKRAINE (APRIL 2014 — MID-JUNE 2014) Moscow June 2014 Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................. 5 Violations of human rights and the principle of the rule of law in the course of the so-called ‘anti-terrorist operation’ ............................... 7 Violations of the right to freedom of thought and belief, including political beliefs; the intimidation and kidnapping of political opponents .................................................................................29 Restrictions on freedom of the media and journalist activities............................................................................... 41 Tragedy in Odessa ...................................................................................... 51 The Snipers’ Case: a mock investigation, violation of the right to the presumption of innocence and of the right to a fair trial ....................................................................... 61 Ethnic and linguistic discrimination, xenophobia and aggressive nationalism. Instigation of racism ..................................... 67 Manifestations of religious intolerance, including threats to the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate .................
    [Show full text]
  • THE EDINBURGH GAZETTE, OCTOBER 10, 1919. 3375 June
    THE EDINBURGH GAZETTE, OCTOBER 10, 1919. 3375 June, south of Medvyeja-Gora, he secured example to his platoon, which he has led the left flank of the attack, and handled his constantly with marked skill. platoon with the skill he invariably dis- played. L/17393 Pte. R, Sheead, Midd'x. R. (Earls- field). For most marked gallantry and initiative Awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal. on 19th June 1919 at Kartashi. Seeing several of the enemy getting a machine-gun 49177 Pte. (L./Cpl.) E. Felton, 253rd Coy., into action outside a house, he at once charged H.G. Corps (Berrnondsey). and engaged them. He bayonetted one and On 12th June 1919, during the attack on shot another, and then was attacked by five a position south of Medvyeja-Gora, he ad- others, being wounded in two places. His vanced with his gun under heavy fire, and by splendid action prevented the machine-gun effective fire from exposed positions did ex- being used against our troops, who cap- cellent work. When owing to a stoppage in tured the village without further casualties. his gun he had to expose himself to machine- gun fire from an armoured train, his coolness 95609 Pte. (A./Sjt.) C. Smith, 10th Bn., was admirable. He had previously distin- R. Fus. (Int. Corps) (New York). guished himself at Archangel in September. On llth June 1919 he, finding a com- pany of local troops wavering, went forward '20545 Sjt. C. A. Fletcher, '420th By., 6th fide., alone under heavy fire, and by his fine ex- E.F.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Excellent Information #1 World War I: Outbreak, Experience & Aftermath
    Excellent Information #1 World War I: Outbreak, Experience & Aftermath Terms and concepts: Hapsburgs (Dual Monarchy, Austria-Hungary) "Great Powers" Hohenzollerns (Germany) liberalism Romanovs (Russia) Ottoman Empire nation-states empires conservatism socialism (Marxism) parliaments Karl Marx (1818-1883) constitutional government Friedrich Engels (1820-1895) Reichstag (German parliament) Germany Social Democratic Party (SPD) Duma (Russian parliament, 1906-1917) Alsace-Lorraine Bosnia-Herzegovina Archduke Franz Ferdinand & Sarajevo Burgfrieden (peace of the fortress) August Days Schlieffen Plan Battle of the Marne trenches Battle of Verdun home front total war Turnip Winter (1916-17) Erich Ludendorff Paul von Hindenburg David Lloyd George November Revolution (Germany) Armistice (11 Nov 1918) Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) Bela Kun (Hungarian communist) Woodrow Wilson Georges Clemenceau Fourteen Points Treaty of Versailles Rhineland “War guilt” clause (art. 231) League of Nations Major Language Groups: Romance Germanic Slavic Other Non Indo-Euro Indo-European French German Russian Latvian Hungarian Italian English Ukrainian Lithuanian Finnish Spanish Dutch Bulgarian Greek Estonian Portuguese Danish Serbo-Croatian Albanian Udmurt Romanian Norwegian Slovak Welsh Turkish Swedish Czech Gaelic Icelandic Polish Armenian Population of Powers (in millions) 1890 1900 1910 1913 Russia 116.8 135.6 159.3 175.1 US 62.6 75.9 91.9 97.3 Germany 49.2 56.0 64.5 66.9 Austria-Hung. 42.6 46.7 50.8 52.1 Japan 39.9 43.8 49.1 51.3 France 38.3 38.9 39.5 39.7 Britain 37.4
    [Show full text]
  • Surviving Czechoslowakian Tanks and Armoured Vehicles Last Update : 25 May 2021
    Surviving Czechoslowakian Tanks and Armoured Vehicles Last update : 25 May 2021 Listed here are the Czechoslowakian Tanks and Armoured Vehicles that still exist today. “adamicz”, September 2013 - http://www.militaryphotos.net/forums/showthread.php?230009-Tank-Day-2013-in-Lesany-museum MU-4 tankette – Army Technical Museum, Lesany (Czech Republic) – running condition Rafał Białęcki, September 2008 LT vz. 35 – Kalemegdan Military Museum, Belgrade (Serbia) “adamicz”, September 2013 - http://www.militaryphotos.net/forums/showthread.php?230009-Tank-Day-2013-in-Lesany-museum LT vz. 35 – Army Technical Museum, Lesany (Czech Republic) – running condition This tank was previsously displayed at the Aberdeen Ord. Museum (USA), until mid-2008. It was restored at Lesany in 2010. Some new information was revealed thanks to “palic” : the Serial Number is 10112, the tank was produced by CKD Prague. The original Czechoslovak military registration number was 13.962. The tank was delivered to the CZ Army in 1937, and after the German occupation this vehicle (minus its turret) continued its operational service in the WH as a Mörsezugmittel 35(t). After some unknown damages, this vehicle was sent to Skoda Pilsen to be repaired and remained there until the liberation of Czechoslovakia (it was not recovered from the Hillersleben Proving Ground, contrary to what the Aberdeen museum said). This vehicle was then equipped with a turret and repaired on request of the US HQ, and then shipped to the USA for tests of the pneumatic and steering system Doug Kibbey, January 2007 - http://www.com-central.net/index.php?name=Forums&file=viewtopic&t=5132&start=45 R2 (Romanian designation of LT-35) – Muzeul Militar National, Bucharest (Romania) “=VNVV=Rosev”, November 2011 - http://www.scalemodels-bg.com/phpbb/viewtopic.php?f=53&t=136&start=1200 LT vz.
    [Show full text]
  • Healy, Joseph (2003) Central Europe in Flux: Germany, Poland and Ukraine, 1918-1922
    Healy, Joseph (2003) Central Europe in flux: Germany, Poland and Ukraine, 1918-1922. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2324/ Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] University of Glasgow Departament of Central and Eastern European Studies Central Europe in flux: Germany, Poland and Ukraine, 1918-1922 Phd Thesis Josepl'Healy 2003 Table of Contents Preface. Chapter 1. Germany, Poland and Ukraine -A Historical Perspective. Chapter 2. German War Aims and Ukraine, 1914-1918. Chapter 3. German-Polish Relations, 1918-1922. Chapter 4. The German Army in Ukraine, November 1918-March 1919. Chapter 5. The German Foreign Ministry and Ukraine. Chapter 6. Ukraine and German Economic Policy. Chapter 7. Paul Rohrbachand the Ideasof the Ukrainophiles. Chapter 8. The Period of Hostility. Poland and Ukraine, November 1918-January 1920. Chapter 9. The Alliance and the Soviet - Polish War, January-September1920. Chapter 10. East Galicia and the Struggle for Ukrainian Independence, 1918-1921. Chapter 11. The Treaty of Riga and its Aftermath. Chapter 12.
    [Show full text]
  • Cold War Introductory Work Welcome to the Summer Work for History a Level
    Cold War Introductory Work Welcome to the summer work for History A Level. This sheet will guide you on how you can complete your summer work and where you can create your notes. If you find this a successful place to create your notes you can continue to work here during your A level and have it all in one place! SWAY LINK: This link will take you to all the work and allow you to scroll through information on your phone and click links taking you to articles, videos and readings https://sway.office.com/HG9aPBB1thInas6O?ref=Link This sheet will guide you on setting up a Notebook online and creating tabs. In each tab we would like you to complete some research to help develop your background understanding to the course. If you cannot access/create a Onenote book then feel free to use Word or PPT and then transfer the notes across when you start. All resources will be available in the appendix at the end of this document Organising your work on Onenote Firstly, create a new Onenote notebook by opening the program and then click Create THREE New Sections and rename them KEY WORDS, FACTFILES, KEY DATES Create FOUR more New Sections and change the tab colour to yellow and rename them INTRODUCTION, 1 – ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR, 2 – WIDENING THE COLD WAR and 3 – GLOBAL WAR Secondly, under the KEY DATES tab for the first page change the title to Before 1945. You will use this page to create a timeline of events including images.
    [Show full text]
  • The Russian Intervention
    INSTITUTE PROCEEDINGS The extended war on the Eastern Front, 1918-1925: the Russian Intervention A paper based on a presentation to the Institute on 27 November 2018 by Bryce M. Fraser Military Historian Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies, New South Wales1 Conflict in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Middle East, over issues which plagued the region at the end of the Great War, continues to this day. Although considered insignificant by some historians and overshadowed by the gigantic scale of warfare during the two World Wars, the Russian Intervention was substantial and Australians played a significant role in it, two winning the Victoria Cross and one the Distinguished Service Order. Key words: Australia; Russia; Russian Intervention, 1918-1919; North Russian Expeditionary Force; North Russian Relief Force; Murmansk; Archangel; Siberian Intervention; South Russia; Transcaucasus Intervention; Dunsterforce; Lionel Dunsterville; Stanley Savige. The late historian Eric Hobsbawm in The Age of precarious at the end of 1917. In October, the inconclusive Extremes (Hobsbawm 1994) coined the term ‘the short battle of Passchendaele had a month to run. In the Atlantic, twentieth century’ to describe the period of conflict in despite the introduction of convoys, submarine warfare Europe from 1914 to the collapse of the Union of Soviet was still sinking 300,000 tons of shipping per month. In Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1991, in contrast to the Palestine, the Third Battle of Gaza was just underway. The customary view that fighting in the Great War ended with only good news would be the Allied capture of Jerusalem the armistice of 11 November 1918 on the Western Front.
    [Show full text]