Apriona Germari
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Breadfruit, Breadnut, and Jackfruit: How Are They Related? by Fred Prescod
Comparing Breadfruit, Breadnut, and Jackfruit: How are they Related? by Fred Prescod In the first article we traced the arrival of the breadfruit plant into the New World. Now we compare breadfruit with its close relatives, breadnut and jackfruit, both also found in St. Vincent and the Grenadines. These three plants all belong to the botanical genus known as Artocarpus. The name Artocarpus is applied to about 60 different trees, all members of the fig or mulberry family (Moraceae), a botanical division which at one time included Cannabis. Trees of this genus are native to Southeast Asia and the Pacific region. The generic name (Artocarpus) is derived from the Greek words ‘artos’ (meaning bread) and ‘karpos’ (meaning fruit). The name is thought to have been established by Johann Reinhold Forster and J. Georg Adam Forster, botanists aboard the HMS Resolution on James Cook’s second voyage. In J.W. Pursglove’s publication on tropical crops, he reports that Joseph Banks, James Cook and other early travelers brought back descriptions of the breadfruit plant using phrases such as ‘bread itself is gathered as a fruit’. Breadfruit tree – Calliaqua, St. Vincent Breadfruit tree at Calliaqua, St. Vincent. [Photo by Jim Lounsberry] Unfortunately some confusion often arises from the use of common names, where a single common name may be applied to different plants in different areas. Nevertheless breadfruit itself is recognized as a seedless form of the plant known botanically as Artocarpus altilis (also Artocarpus communis), while breadnut (often also listed as Artocarpus altilis) was originally thought to be simply a race or form of the same plant with fruits containing seeds. -
A Study to Identify the Suitable Locations for the Adaptation of Underutilised Tropical Fruit Tree Species Using G.I.S
A Study to identify the suitable locations for the adaptation of Underutilised Tropical Fruit Tree Species using G.I.S. Colm Bowe January 2004 1 Table of Contents 1 Introduction............................................................................................................4 1.1 General...........................................................................................................4 1.2 Under-utilised crops.......................................................................................5 1.3 Underutilised tropical fruit tree species .........................................................5 1.4 Scope of Study ...............................................................................................7 2 Literature review....................................................................................................8 2.1 Tamarind........................................................................................................8 2.2 Ber..................................................................................................................9 2.3 Jackfruit........................................................................................................11 2.4 Matching Plants and Land ...........................................................................12 2.5 Land Evaluation...........................................................................................14 2.5.1 Physical land evaluation ......................................................................15 2.5.2 Plant Description..................................................................................15 -
Chapter 1 Definitions and Classifications for Fruit and Vegetables
Chapter 1 Definitions and classifications for fruit and vegetables In the broadest sense, the botani- Botanical and culinary cal term vegetable refers to any plant, definitions edible or not, including trees, bushes, vines and vascular plants, and Botanical definitions distinguishes plant material from ani- Broadly, the botanical term fruit refers mal material and from inorganic to the mature ovary of a plant, matter. There are two slightly different including its seeds, covering and botanical definitions for the term any closely connected tissue, without vegetable as it relates to food. any consideration of whether these According to one, a vegetable is a are edible. As related to food, the plant cultivated for its edible part(s); IT botanical term fruit refers to the edible M according to the other, a vegetable is part of a plant that consists of the the edible part(s) of a plant, such as seeds and surrounding tissues. This the stems and stalk (celery), root includes fleshy fruits (such as blue- (carrot), tuber (potato), bulb (onion), berries, cantaloupe, poach, pumpkin, leaves (spinach, lettuce), flower (globe tomato) and dry fruits, where the artichoke), fruit (apple, cucumber, ripened ovary wall becomes papery, pumpkin, strawberries, tomato) or leathery, or woody as with cereal seeds (beans, peas). The latter grains, pulses (mature beans and definition includes fruits as a subset of peas) and nuts. vegetables. Definition of fruit and vegetables applicable in epidemiological studies, Fruit and vegetables Edible plant foods excluding -
Market Feasibility Study for Jackfruit Value Added Products
Research Project on MARKET FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR JACKFRUIT VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS by Dr. Ramesh Mittal Director-National Institute of Agricultural Marketing Dr .K. Sankaran Director-Justice K.S.Hegde Institute of Management Dr. A.P. Achar Dean- Corporate Programmes JKSHIM, Nitte Commissioned by JUSTICE K.S.HEGDE INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT and NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL MARKETING, JAIPUR Index Chapter Content Page # I Introduction 3-4 Jackfruit & Value-Added Products: Introduction & II 5-15 Overview III Manufacturing & Distribution 16-23 IV Domestic & International Markets 24-34 V Quality Standards 25-36 VI Technology Support 37-43 VII Development Initiatives – some illustrations 44-47 • Mission Jackfruit’ – Improving the Eco-system for Cultivation and Value-addition: • National Institute for Jackfruit Development VIII 48-69 • Next Steps: An Integrated Approach to Development of Jackfruit Farming Community VIIII • Conclusion 70-71 Annexures I Market study Plan – Jack Fruit products 72-77 II Nutrition and health benefits of jackfruit 78-80 III Process Flow for some Jackfruit Value Added Products 81-86 IV Verities of Jackfruit in India and their characteristics 87 V Jackfruit cultivars/varieties in different countries 88-89 Report and Market Research on Jackfruit Introduction 1.1About Jackfruit The jackfruit is native to parts of South and Southeast Asia and is believed to have originated in the rainforests of Western Ghats of India and is cultivated throughout the lowlands in South and Southeast Asia. Major jackfruit producing countries are Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam, China, Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia and Sri Lanka. Jackfruit is also found in East Africa as well as throughout Brazil and Caribbean nations such as Jamaica. -
Insect Pest List by Host Tree and Reported Country
Insect pest list by host tree and reported country Scientific name Acalolepta cervina Hope, 1831 Teak canker grub|Eng Cerambycidae Coleoptera Hosting tree Genera Species Family Tree species common name Reported Country Tectona grandis Verbenaceae Teak-Jati Thailand Scientific name Amblypelta cocophaga Fruit spotting bug|eng Coconut Coreidae Hemiptera nutfall bug|Eng, Chinche del Hosting tree Genera Species Family Tree species common name Reported Country Agathis macrophylla Araucariaceae Kauri Solomon Islands Eucalyptus deglupta Myrtaceae Kamarere-Bagras Solomon Islands Scientific name Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky Asian longhorn beetle (ALB)|eng Cerambycidae Coleoptera Hosting tree Genera Species Family Tree species common name Reported Country Paraserianthes falcataria Leguminosae Sengon-Albizia-Falcata-Molucca albizia- China Moluccac sau-Jeungjing-Sengon-Batai-Mara- Falcata Populus spp. Salicaceae Poplar China Salix spp. Salicaceae Salix spp. China 05 November 2007 Page 1 of 35 Scientific name Aonidiella orientalis Newstead, Oriental scale|eng Diaspididae Homoptera 1894 Hosting tree Genera Species Family Tree species common name Reported Country Lovoa swynnertonii Meliaceae East African walnut Cameroon Azadirachta indica Meliaceae Melia indica-Neem Nigeria Scientific name Apethymus abdominalis Lepeletier, Tenthredinidae Hymenoptera 1823 Hosting tree Genera Species Family Tree species common name Reported Country Other Coniferous Other Coniferous Romania Scientific name Apriona germari Hope 1831 Long-horned beetle|eng Cerambycidae -
Ramesh Chander Bhagat.Pdf
Int. J. Curr. Res. Biosci. Plant Biol. 2016, 3(12): 115-123 International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology ISSN: 2349-8080 (Online) ● Volume 3 ● Number 12 (December-2016) Journal homepage: www.ijcrbp.com Original Research Article doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcrbp.2016.312.014 An Update on Checklist and Biodiversity of Coleopteran-fauna (Insecta) of Forestry and Mulberry Importance in Jammu and Kashmir State (India) Ramesh Chander Bhagat* P.O. Box No. 1250, G.P.O., Residency Road, Srinagar, Kashmir-190 001, J & K, India *Corresponding author. A b s t r a c t Article Info The present paper deals with a total of 64 species of beetles and weevils (Coleoptera), Accepted: 29 November 2016 belonging to 52 genera, under 14 families, associated with diverse species of forest and Available Online: 06 December 2016 mulberry plantations, occurring in vast areas and localities of Jammu and Kashmir State. The Coleopteran species of forestry and mulberry importance accounts for 73.43 K e y w o r d s % and 35.93 % respectively. The Coleopteran-fauna (47 spp.), spread over 12 families, is found to be infesting forest trees,viz. Ash, Benne, Birch, Conifers, Elms, Biodiversity Ivy, Maple, Oak, Parrotia, Plane tree, Poplars, Robinia, Salix, and Yew. Of these trees, Checklist Pines showed highest number of Coleopteran species i.e. 18, under 6 families, followed Coleopteran-fauna by Poplars, with 15 spp. (4 families) and Cedars, having 14 spp. (4 families) The Forest trees Mulberry plantations Mulberry plantations (Morus spp.) both endemic as well as exotic, have been observed to be infesting 23 spp. -
Jackfruit Improvement in the Asia-Pacific Region
Jackfruit Improvement in the Asia-Pacific Region A Status Report Dr. Amrik Singh Sidhu Director Indian Institute of Horticultural Research Hassarghatta Lake Post, Bangaluru - 560 089, Karnataka, India Asia-Pacific Association of Agricultural Research Institutions c/o FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Bangkok, Thailand Citation: APAARI. 2012. Jackfruit Improvement in the Asia-Pacific Region – A Status Report. Asia-Pacific Association of Agricultural Research Institutions, Bangkok, Thailand. 182 p. For copies and further information, please write to: The Executive Secretary Asia-Pacific Association of Agricultural Research Institutions (APAARI) C/o FAO Regional Office for Asia & the Pacific (FAO RAP) Maliwan Mansion, 39, Phra Atit Road Bangkok 10200, Thailand Tel : (+66 2) 697 4371-3 Fax : (+ 66 2) 697 4408 Email: [email protected] Website : www.apaari.org Printed in June, 2012 Contents Foreword v Acronyms and Abbreviations vii 1. Production Status of Jackfruit in the Asia-Pacific Region 1 2. Germplasm Collection, Characterization, Conservation and Utilization 10 3. Varietal Improvement 37 4. Package of Cultivation Practices 54 5. Diversified Uses and Value Added Products 87 6. Economics and Marketing of Jackfruit 123 7. Future Prospects and Strategy for Jackfruit Production and Utilization 143 8. References 152 iv Jackfruit Improvement in the Asia-Pacific Region - A Status Report Foreword The jackfruit is native to parts of South and Southeast Asia and is believed to have originated in the rainforests of Western Ghats of India and is cultivated throughout the low lands in South and Southeast Asia. Major jackfruit producing countries are Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam, China, the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia and Sri Lanka. -
Jackfruit History This Unusual Fruit Comes from Asia
Jackfruit History This unusual fruit comes from Asia. A jackfruit is the largest fruit grown on a tree- in fact, it grows on the trunk of the tree. It takes 5-7 years before a tree will produce fruit, but once it begins, the tree will grow 150-200 fruits a year. Some fruits weight more than 100 pounds. The fruit is picked in the summer and fall before they fall off the tree and become overripe. A jackfruit contains lots of excellent nutrition. Unlike most fruit, jackfruit has protein, which aids in growth and makes you feel fuller for longer. They are easy to eat, as they can be roasted, dried, ground, creamed, or just consumed fresh. It is a very popular meat substitution. The flesh is actually thousands of flowers that have fused together. You can buy jackfruits at specialty or ethnic grocery stores. Since jackfruit is an exotic fruit to Americans, it comes at an increased price. It is sold canned or fresh and has a light peach or pear-like flavor. Its texture is similar to that of applesauce or an overripe banana. Although native to India, jackfruit often goes to waste there. It grows rampant, but many people consider it a less desirable fruit, and let it rot. Language Lesson Asian countries each have a different name for the jackfruit. Jaca in Portugal. Chakka pazham in India. Kathal in Bangladesh. Kanun in Thailand. Nangka in Malaysia. Fun Facts Breadfruit, another starchy, potato-like fruit, is cousins with the jackfruit. A jackfruit tree belongs in the mulberry family. -
To View Our Allergen Menu
Allergen tables Allergen ALLERGEN & DIETARY REQUIREMENTS MENU & Nutritional information Vegan menu Vegan BAMBINI MENU NON-DAIRY menu NON-DAIRY Do you have a food allergy? menu NON-gluten If you have a food allergy, please make sure you tell us when you order, even if you’ve had the dish before. Autumn - Winter 2019/20 Our dish descriptions don’t always mention every single ingredient, so please check the allergen tables in this booklet (see Allergen Tables tab) if you have any allergies. Our allergen menu covers the 14 allergens specified by the Food Standards Agency.* Please note our restaurant teams do not hold information on any other allergens and due to the seriousness of allergies and food intolerances our restaurant teams will not be able to help select dishes. If you suffer from an allergy that is not covered in our allergen menu then please contact customer services in advance of your visit and our food team will help you choose suitable dishes. *The Food Standards Agency does not classify pine nuts (pine kernels) as a nut. Pine nuts (kernels) are included in all variations of the following dishes: Pinoli Pizza, Ravioli di Capra and Bambini Bean & Basil Pesto Dip with Carrot and Cucumber Sticks. Please note that allergens contained within our condiments & extra toppings are not included in this information. The cheese offered at your table contains milk and will alter the suitability of your dish. Our fried items are cooked in the fryer with other gluten containing ingredients. Dietary & Allergen Menu + Nutritional Information Autumn / Winter 2019 All dishes listed below are suitable for Vegans. -
PRA on Apriona Species
EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN PLANT PROTECTION ORGANIZATION ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE ET MEDITERRANEENNE POUR LA PROTECTION DES PLANTES 16-22171 (13-18692) Only the yellow note is new compared to document 13-18692 Pest Risk Analysis for Apriona germari, A. japonica, A. cinerea Note: This PRA started 2011; as a result, three species of Apriona were added to the EPPO A1 List: Apriona germari, A. japonica and A. cinerea. However recent taxonomic changes have occurred with significant consequences on their geographical distributions. A. rugicollis is no longer considered as a synonym of A. germari but as a distinct species. A. japonica, which was previously considered to be a distinct species, has been synonymized with A. rugicollis. Finally, A. cinerea remains a separate species. Most of the interceptions reported in the EU as A. germari are in fact A. rugicollis. The outcomes of the PRA for these pests do not change. However A. germari has a more limited and a more tropical distribution than originally assessed, but it is considered that it could establish in Southern EPPO countries. The Panel on Phytosanitary Measures agreed with the addition of Apriona rugicollis to the A1 list. September 2013 EPPO 21 Boulevard Richard Lenoir 75011 Paris www.eppo.int [email protected] This risk assessment follows the EPPO Standard PM PM 5/3(5) Decision-support scheme for quarantine pests (available at http://archives.eppo.int/EPPOStandards/pra.htm) and uses the terminology defined in ISPM 5 Glossary of Phytosanitary Terms (available at https://www.ippc.int/index.php). This document was first elaborated by an Expert Working Group and then reviewed by the Panel on Phytosanitary Measures and if relevant other EPPO bodies. -
A Rectification in the Genus Apriona
A RECTIFICATION IN THE GENUS APRIONA by C. DE JONG Some time ago when examining some Batocerini (Cerambycidae, Lamiinae) I was struck by the strange pattern of Apriona fasciata Rits. (cf. Ritsema, Notes Leyden Mus., vol. 20, 1898, p. 87) of which species our Museum possesses a single female spec• imen, the unique type (fig. 1). Especially the "five naked transverse bands" puzzled me be• cause no indication of such a zebra-pattern is found in any other known species of the genus Apriona. Examining the spec• imen very carefully I found out that these transverse bands were artificially produced by removing the yellowish scales from the elytra with a sharp object the marks of which are Fig. 1. Apriona fasciata Rits., type. clearly seen under the Fig. 2. Apriona rheimvardti Thorns. Under each specimen the original label. Natural size. microscope. This proves that the most striking characteristic of Apriona fasciata Rits. does not hold, and therefore I examined the other peculiarities of the species as given by Ritsema. This author states that the animal is: "Black, covered with a delicate fulvous pubescence"... and adds: ..."along the suture and the lateral margins, on the legs and along the middle of the abdomen the pubescence is of a more 268 DE JONG, A RECTIFICATION IN THE GENUS APRIONA greyish colour(I.e., p. 87). The blue-grey colour along the suture and the lateral margins is found in almost every species from the East Indies. The bluish-grey shade on the middle of the abdomen too is not a specific characteristic. -
Recipes Recipes
RECIPES RECIPES HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE Click on a category to go directly RECIPES to the category title page. NEW THIS WEEK BREAKFAST RECIPES (cont.) Click on the name of a recipe OR PORK TENDERLOIN TOFU OMELETS 34 the page number to go directly to WITH PUMPKIN-SPICED APPLESO 8 VEGAN ORANGE CHERRY MUFFINS 35 that recipe. SAVORY POACHED EGGS (SHAKSHUKA)O 9 O SWEET POTATO AND CHICKEN WRAPS 10 ENTRÉE RECIPES AHI AND AVOCADO QUINOA SUSHI 37 BREAKFAST RECIPES ALMOND CRUSTED CHICKEN 38 AUTUMN’S BANANA APPLE MUFFINS 12 AMARANTH RISOTTO 39 AUTUMN'S BROCCOLI CRUST BREAKFAST PIZZA 13 AVOCADO CHICKEN SALAD WRAP 40 BANANA OAT PANCAKES 14 BEEF STEW WITH SWEET POTATOES 41 BLUEBERRY MAPLE MUFFINS 15 CALABRESE CHICKEN 42 BROCCOLI CRUST BREAKFAST PIZZA 16 CARIBBEAN BANANA CURRYO 43 RECIPES Look for dietary icons here to BROWN RICE PORRIDGE 17 CHEESEBURGER WITH EGGPLANT BUN 44 find out if the recipe is: CASHEW ’N’ OAT HOTCAKES 18O GF V VG VEGAN PULLED PORK CHEESY STEAK SKILLETO 45 CREAMY QUINOA PORRIDGE 19 SERVES: 8 (approx. ½ cup each) Prep Time: 15 min.CHICKEN Cooking Time: ENCHILADAS 57 min. 46 GF Gluten-Free FIXATE BREAKFAST SAUSAGECONTAINER EQUIVALENTS: 1 20 ½ 1 CHICKEN MOLE 47 FRENCH TOAST WITH STRAWBERRY TOPPING 21 This Vegan Pulled Pork is a real mindblower. CHICKENYou won’t believe PARMESAN just how much it tastes like the real thing,48 tangy, smoky, meaty, and satisfying. AND it doesn’t take 8 hours to make, win-win! The secret ingredient is jackfruit, a PF Paleo-Friendly FRITTATA 22 tropical fruit that has a meaty, heavy-grainedCHICKEN flesh similar STUFFED to pork.