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Günter Grass in the Late 1960S: the Writer As Public Intellectual BY

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Günter Grass in the Late 1960S: the Writer As Public Intellectual BY Günter Grass in the Late 1960s: The Writer as Public Intellectual BY ADRIAN CHUBB BA, University of Lancaster, 1984 MA, University of Lancaster 1986 THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Germanic Studies in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Chicago, 2021 Chicago, Illinois Defense Committee Sara Hall, Chair and Advisor John Ireland, French and Francophone Studies Elizabeth Loentz Imke Meyer Heidi Schlipphacke Dedication To all those who, no matter how small their contribution, helped make this happen. ii Acknowledgements I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to the following people who, over the course of the past five and half years, have been part of my journey to achieving a life-long ambition: My dissertation committee with Dr. Sara Hall as advisor and committee chair, Dr. John Ireland as external member and Germanic Studies faculty members Dr. Elizabeth Loentz, Dr. Imke Meyer, and Dr Heidi Schlipphacke. Other members of faculty in Germanic Studies at UIC that have worked with me during my time here: Dr. Patrick Fortmann, Dr. Dagmar Lorenz, Dr. Robert Ryder, as well as the visiting Max Kade Professors Dr. Christoph Rauen, Dr. Karin Madlener, and Dr. Peter Rehberg. My fellow graduate students in Germanic Studies and other departments in the School of Literatures, Cultural Studies, and Linguistics who have helped make these years so much fun. You are too many to mention by name, but you know who you are. Fruman and Marian Jacobson not only for the research support they provided me but also for all they do for countless graduate students in Germanic Studies. Above all, I would like to thank my wife, Sarah Smith, for her constant help, support, and encouragement throughout and for always being willing to read, comment on, and proofread endless seminar papers, conference presentations and, of course, this dissertation. iii Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 Grass in the late 1960s ......................................................................................................... 4 Örtlich betäubt and Aus dem Tagebuch einer Schnecke ..................................................... 8 Chapter 2: The Public Intellectual in Germany ........................................................................... 12 Classifying the Public Intellectual ..................................................................................... 14 Politics and Culture in the Early Federal Republic ........................................................... 19 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 28 Chapter 3 Grass as a Public Intellectual ....................................................................................... 29 Grass as Public and Political Interventionist ..................................................................... 30 Grass's Public Interventions: Historical, Literary, Personal .............................................. 36 Grass as a Public Intellectual in Later Years ..................................................................... 48 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 57 Chapter 4: Passing the Past to the Future..................................................................................... 59 Time, Consequences, and Responsibility .......................................................................... 61 Dealing with the Past - Lost Battles and the New Generation .......................................... 65 Denying the Past; Trusting in Transfer .............................................................................. 77 What Do We Tell the Children? ........................................................................................ 82 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 96 Chapter 5: Promoting Progress .................................................................................................... 98 iv Revisionism as Progress .................................................................................................... 99 Education as an Engine of Progress ................................................................................ 110 A Worldview against the Weltgeist ................................................................................. 114 Problematic Progress ....................................................................................................... 123 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 131 Chapter 6: Silence – Against and For Progress ......................................................................... 134 Örtlich betäubt: Silence – Preventing Dialogue, Preventing Progress ............................ 135 Silence, Dialogue, and Action ......................................................................................... 145 Silence Without Violence ................................................................................................ 148 Aus dem Tagebuch einer Schnecke: Silence as Melancholy – A Step Forward (?) ....... 153 Lisbeth Stomma: Melancholy as Enlightenment ............................................................. 158 Manfred Augst: Melancholy and Failure ......................................................................... 166 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 173 Chapter 7: Where Progress Stops – Gender and Individual Violence ....................................... 175 Grass and Gender: Der Butt............................................................................................. 177 Grass, Gender, and the Late 1960s: Speeches and Essays .............................................. 188 Grass, Gender, and the Late 1960s: The Literary Works ................................................ 201 Gender and Individual Violence ...................................................................................... 216 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 227 Chapter 8: Conclusion................................................................................................................ 229 v Grass in the 1960s – still relevant today? ........................................................................ 231 Cited Literature ........................................................................................................................... 237 VITA: Adrian Chubb ................................................................................................................. 254 vi Note on abbreviations for sources and on translations: Abbreviations used in citations for Grass works in German and the corresponding published English translations are listed in the table below. For individual speeches and some secondary works with a published translation, citations from translations are given using a short form version of the English title as listed in the bibliography. Where no published translation exists, and for translations from secondary sources in German, translations are my own and no source is cited. German English BT Die Blechtrommel TD The Tin Drum öb örtlich betäubt LA Local Anaesthetic DV Davor MP Max: A Play TS Aus dem Tagebuch einer Schnecke DS From the Dairy of a Snail DB Der Butt TF The Flounder Essays Speeches Letters Commentaries ER Essays Reden Briefe Kommentare (1987 Collected works edition) Essay Speeches I ERI Essays Reden I 1955-1979 (2007 Collected works edition) GS Gespräche Interviews HZ Beim Häuten der Zwiebel PO Peeling the Onion (Grimm's Words - no published GW Grimms Wörter translation) Refences to individual volumes of WA Werksausgabe in zehn Bänden collected works without published translations Note on quotation formats: Günter Grass makes copious use of ellipses in his work, and especially in örtlich betäubt/Local Anaesthetic. To avoid any possible confusion, any ellipses I introduce to mark omitted words will be in square brackets, as will any other changes I make to quotations as needed for sentence structure and grammatical adjustments. vii viii Abbreviations: FRG Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) GDR German Democratic Republic (East Germany) SPD Social Democratic Party of Germany (Leftist/Labor) Christian Democratic Union / Christian Social Union. (Conservatives) CDU/CSU The CSU is that branch of the conservative party in Bavaria. Throughout the texts, references to the CDU include the CSU unless otherwise stated FDP Free Democratic Party (Liberals) NPD National Party of Germany (Far right, neo-Nazi party) SDS Socialist German Student League APO Extraparliamentary Opposition NSDAP National Socialist Party SA NSDAP Paramilitary HJ Hitler Youth – NSDAP organization for young men BDM League of German Girls – NSDAP organization for young women ix Summary Günter Grass initially achieved fame as a writer with the release of his debut novel The Tin Drum in 1959. Grass used his renown as a platform to take stances in public discussions on political issues, later involving
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