DOCSLIB.ORG

“I Wanted to Run Away” Abusive Dress Codes for Women and Girls in Indonesia WATCH

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
“I Wanted to Run Away” Abusive Dress Codes for Women and Girls in Indonesia WATCH HUMAN RIGHTS “I Wanted to Run Away” Abusive Dress Codes for Women and Girls in Indonesia WATCH “I Wanted to Run Away” Abusive Dress Codes for Women and Girls in Indonesia Copyright © 2021 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-62313-895-0 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org MARCH 2021 ISBN: 978-1-62313-895-0 “I Wanted to Run Away” Abusive Dress Codes for Women and Girls in Indonesia Glossary ........................................................................................................................... i Summary ......................................................................................................................... 1 From Pancasila to “Islamic Sharia” ........................................................................................... 3 The Jokowi Administration’s Inconsistent Response ................................................................ 10 The Need for Legal Reform ...................................................................................................... 12 Key Recommendations ........................................................................................................... 15 Methodology ................................................................................................................. 16 I. Women’s Rights and Sharia from the Dutch Indies Period through the Suharto Regime 18 Suharto and the Sidelining of Islamists .................................................................................. 20 II. Rise of Political Islam and Sharia-Inspired Regulations Since Suharto........................ 25 The Aceh Precedent ................................................................................................................ 25 Discriminatory Regulations Begin to Spread ........................................................................... 26 Proliferation of Jilbab Regulations During Yudhoyono Administration ...................................... 27 2014 National Regulation on State School Uniforms ............................................................... 29 III. Jilbab in Schools ....................................................................................................... 35 Pressure and Bullying in Schools ............................................................................................ 36 Punishing Girls with Demerits, Markers, and Scissors ............................................................. 43 Non-Muslim Students Compelled to Wear a Jilbab .................................................................. 48 IV. Jilbab Requirements for Teachers and Other Government Workers ............................. 60 V. Jilbab Requirements for Visitors to Schools and Government Offices .......................... 73 VI. Harassment and Pressure to Wear the Jilbab in Public Spaces .................................. 77 The Psychological Impact of Mandatory Hijab on Girls and Women .......................................... 79 VII. International Human Rights Standards ..................................................................... 83 Freedom of Religion and Expression ........................................................................................ 83 Prohibition against Discrimination .......................................................................................... 85 Right to Privacy and Personal Autonomy ................................................................................ 86 Best Interests of the Child ...................................................................................................... 86 Right to Education .................................................................................................................. 87 Minority Rights ...................................................................................................................... 89 VIII. Recommendations .................................................................................................. 90 To President Joko Widodo ...................................................................................................... 90 To the Speaker of the House of Representatives ..................................................................... 90 To the Speaker of the House of Regional Representatives ........................................................ 91 To the Minister of Home Affairs ............................................................................................... 91 To the Minister of Foreign Affairs ............................................................................................. 91 To the Minister of Education and Culture ................................................................................ 92 To the Minister of Religious Affairs ......................................................................................... 92 To the Minister of Women Empowerment and Child Protection ................................................ 93 To the Minister of Law and Human Rights ................................................................................ 93 To the National Commission on Violence Against Women (Komnas Perempuan) ...................... 93 To the United Nations and Governments ................................................................................. 93 To Donors and International Financial Institutions ................................................................... 95 Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................... 96 Appendix 1: Mandatory Jilbab Regulations in Indonesia ................................................. 97 Appendix 2: HRW Work on Headscarf Bans and Requirements in Other Countries ......... 103 Chechnya ............................................................................................................................. 103 France .................................................................................................................................. 104 Germany ............................................................................................................................... 106 Iran ...................................................................................................................................... 107 Saudi Arabia ......................................................................................................................... 109 Areas of Syria under Islamic State rule .................................................................................. 110 Turkey ................................................................................................................................... 111 Xinjiang (in China) ................................................................................................................ 112 Appendix 3: A Letter to the Indonesian Government ...................................................... 114 Glossary Abdurrahman A leading Muslim scholar, he was Indonesia’s fourth president Wahid (1940- (1999-2001). His grandfather was a founder of the Nahdlatul Ulama, 2009) the largest Muslim organization in Indonesia. Popularly known as “Gus Dur,” Wahid chaired the organization from 1984-1998. Ahmadiyah An Islamic revivalist movement, founded in Qadian, Punjab, originating with the teachings of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835–1908). In Arabic, Ahmadiyah means “followers of Ahmad.” Its adherents are often called “Ahmadis.” It first appeared in Indonesia in Sumatra in 1925. It was legally registered in Jakarta in 1953. Bacharuddin Indonesia’s third president. A German-trained aeronautical engineer, Jusuf Habibie he became President Suharto’s vice president in March 1998 and (born 1932) replaced him in May 1998. He lost a bid for reelection in 1999. Cadar Veil, from the Arabic word cador. In Indonesia, it covers the head, face, neck, and below the chest, showing only the eyes. Darul Islam Armed movement established in Garut, West Java, in 1949, to set up an Islamic state in Indonesia. In Arabic, Dar al-Islam means house or abode of Islam and is commonly used to refer to an Islamic state. Hidayah “Godly guidance” in Arabic. It is usually used to politely ask Muslim women to wear the hijab. meaning “cover.” It refers to a ,(اﻟﺣﺟﺎب) Hijab From the Arabic term al hijab cloth that covers a woman’s head, neck, and chest that some Muslim women wear outside their homes or in the presence of any male outside of their family. meaning “partition.” It refers to a ,(اﻟﺟﻠب) Jilbab From the Arabic term al jalb cloth that covers a woman’s head, neck, and chest. This term is more widely used in Indonesia than the term hijab. i Joko Widodo Indonesia’s seventh president from 2014 to the present.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • D 328 the Bioregional Principal at Banyuwangi Region Development
    Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, November 26-28, 2019 The Bioregional Principal at Banyuwangi Region Development in the Context of Behavior Maintenance Ratna Darmiwati Catholic University of Darma Cendika, Surabaya, Indonesia [email protected] Abstract The tourism, natural resources, local culture and Industries with the environment are the backbone of the government's foreign development in the region exchange. The sustainable development without the environment damaging that all activities are recommended, so that between the nature and humans can be worked simultaneously. The purpose of study is maintaining the natural conditions as they are and not to be undermined by irresponsible actions. All of them are facilitated by the government, while maintaining the Osing culture community and expanding the region and make it more widely known. The maintenance of the natural existing resources should be as good as possible, so that it can be passed on future generations in well condition. All of the resources, can be redeveloped in future. The research method used qualitative-descriptive-explorative method which are sorting the datas object. The activities should have involved and relevant with the stakeholders such as the local government, the community leaders or non-governmental organizations and the broader community. The reciprocal relationships between human beings as residents and the environment are occurred as their daily life. Their life will become peaceful when the nature is domesticated. The nature will not be tampered, but arranged in form of human beings that can be moved safely and comfortably. Keywords: The Culture, Industry, Natural Resources, Tourism.
    [Show full text]
  • Syariah As Heterotopia: Responses from Muslim Women in Aceh, Indonesia
    Religions 2015, 6, 566–593; doi:10.3390/rel6020566 OPEN ACCESS religions ISSN 2077-1444 www.mdpi.com/journal/religions Article Syariah as Heterotopia: Responses from Muslim Women in Aceh, Indonesia Reed Taylor Division of Social Sciences and Humanities, Fayetteville Technical Community College, Rm 616-R 2201 Hull Rd. Fayetteville, NC 28303-0236, USA; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-910-678-1078 Academic Editor: Peter I. Kaufman Received: 3 March 2015 / Accepted: 21 April 2015 / Published: 5 May 2015 Abstract: In this paper, I argue that the implementation of syariah is best understood as a heterotopia by women in Aceh, Indonesia. The current debates over the role of syariah for women in Acehnese society focus on either a secular human rights critique of non-liberal norms that restrict the rights and freedom of women or a religiously prescribed defense of communal norms that protect women and society. Based on interviews, I identify three variants of how women conceive of and inhabit syariah in Aceh. Two of these variants are underrepresented in the current academic literature on syariah in Aceh. Two key distinctions are drawn between blueprint and iconoclastic utopian thought and state-centric and non-state-centric models of political legitimacy. Rethinking syariah as a “socio-spatial dialectic” allows for all three variants of syariah existing simultaneously as a heterotopia in Acehnese society. Keywords: Islamic law; politics; feminism; utopian thought; Southeast Asia; subjectivity 1. Introduction The aim of this article is to further our understanding of how syariah in Aceh is inhabited, transformed, constructed, and deconstructed by women.
    [Show full text]
  • Islamic Student Organizations and Democratic Development In
    ISLAMIC STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS AND DEMOCRATIC DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA: THREE CASE STUDIES A thesis presented to the faculty of the Center for International Studies of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts Troy A. Johnson June 2006 This thesis entitled ISLAMIC STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS AND DEMOCRATIC DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA: THREE CASE STUDIES by TROY A. JOHNSON has been approved for the Center of International Studies Elizabeth F. Collins Associate Professor of Classics and World Religions Drew McDaniel Interim Dean, Center for International Studies Abstract JOHNSON, TROY A., M.A., June 2006, International Development Studies ISLAMIC STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS AND DEMOCRATIC DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA: THREE CASE STUDIES (83 pp.) Director of Thesis: Elizabeth F. Collins This thesis describes how and to what extent three Islamic student organizations – Muhammadiyah youth groups, Kesatuan Aksi Mahasiswa Muslim Indonesia (KAMMI), and remaja masjid – are developing habits of democracy amongst Indonesia's Muslim youth. It traces Indonesia's history of student activism and the democratic movement of 1998 against the background of youth violence and Islamic radicalism. The paper describes how these organizations have developed democratic habits and values in Muslim youth and the programs that they carry out towards democratic socialization in a nation that still has little understanding of how democratic government works. The thesis uses a theoretical framework for evaluating democratic education developed by Freireian scholar Ira Shor. Finally, it argues that Islamic student organizations are making strides in their efforts to promote inclusive habits of democracy amongst Indonesia's youth. Approved: Elizabeth F. Collins Associate Professor or Classics and World Religions Acknowledgments I would like to thank my friends in Indonesia for all of their openness, guidance, and support.
    [Show full text]
  • Zealous Democrats: Islamism and Democracy in Egypt, Indonesia and Turkey
    Lowy Institute Paper 25 zealous democrats ISLAMISM AND DEMOCRACY IN EGYPT, INDONESIA AND TURKEY Anthony Bubalo • Greg Fealy Whit Mason First published for Lowy Institute for International Policy 2008 Anthony Bubalo is program director for West Asia at the Lowy Institute for International Policy. Prior to joining the Institute he worked as an Australian diplomat for 13 PO Box 102 Double Bay New South Wales 1360 Australia years and was a senior Middle East analyst at the Offi ce of www.longmedia.com.au National Assessments. Together with Greg Fealy he is the [email protected] co-author of Lowy Institute Paper 05 Joining the caravan? Tel. (+61 2) 9362 8441 The Middle East, Islamism and Indonesia. Lowy Institute for International Policy © 2008 ABN 40 102 792 174 Dr Greg Fealy is senior lecturer and fellow in Indonesian politics at the College of Asia and the Pacifi c, The All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part Australian National University, Canberra. He has been a of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (including but not limited to electronic, visiting professor at Johns Hopkins University’s School mechanical, photocopying, or recording), without the prior written permission of the of Advanced International Studies, Washington DC, and copyright owner. was also an Indonesia analyst at the Offi ce of National Assessments. He has published extensively on Indonesian Islamic issues, including co-editing Expressing Islam: Cover design by Longueville Media Typeset by Longueville Media in Esprit Book 10/13 Religious life and politics in Indonesia (ISEAS, 2008) and Voices of Islam in Southeast Asia (ISEAS, 2005).
    [Show full text]
  • Open Access Proceedings Journal of Physics: Conference Series
    Proceedings of 1st Ahmad Dahlan International Conference on Mathematics and Mathematics Education Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, 13-14 October 2017 Optimal Control Model of Malaria Spread in South Kalimantan Pardi Affandi and Faisal Departement of Mathematics FMIPA UNLAM, Banjarmasin, Indonesia E-mail : [email protected] Abstract. South Kalimantan is one of the provinces vulnerable to malaria because their work is in the vicinity of forests such as miners, gold miners, forest product seekers even living on the edge of the forests based. Malaria eradication has always been carried out by the government through the South Kalimantan and its achievements have increased, but it is still a problem and needs tougher efforts to achieve malaria free. One way to eradicate the disease is to control it through mathematical modelling SEIR model with infectious force in latent, infected and immune periode. This research analyzes equilibrium point from the malaria distribution model, conducts Optimal Control to complete Mathematical Model of Malaria Spread in South Kalimantan, and accordingly obtains the solution control u1(t);the vaccination effort given to reduce the number of susceptible individuals into latent individuals and u2(t) ; the control of the treatment given to the infected individual to be cured. In the end of this research as a ∗ ∗ result the solutions will be found in form of controlu1 and u2 . 1. Introduction Malaria is a public health problem in Indonesia, including Kalimantan, particularly South Kalimantan. According to Chief Executive Officer by Daily duty executive Head of Provincial Health Office of South Kalimantan Muslim, A total of 96 villages in South Kalimantan are categorized as red or high case of malaria.
    [Show full text]
  • United Arab Emirates (Uae)
    Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: United Arab Emirates, July 2007 COUNTRY PROFILE: UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (UAE) July 2007 COUNTRY اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴّﺔ اﻟﻤﺘّﺤﺪة (Formal Name: United Arab Emirates (Al Imarat al Arabiyah al Muttahidah Dubai , أﺑﻮ ﻇﺒﻲ (The seven emirates, in order of size, are: Abu Dhabi (Abu Zaby .اﻹﻣﺎرات Al ,ﻋﺠﻤﺎن Ajman , أ مّ اﻟﻘﻴﻮﻳﻦ Umm al Qaywayn , اﻟﺸﺎرﻗﺔ (Sharjah (Ash Shariqah ,دﺑﻲّ (Dubayy) .رأس اﻟﺨﻴﻤﺔ and Ras al Khaymah ,اﻟﻔﺠﻴﺮة Fajayrah Short Form: UAE. اﻣﺮاﺗﻰ .(Term for Citizen(s): Emirati(s أﺑﻮ ﻇﺒﻲ .Capital: Abu Dhabi City Major Cities: Al Ayn, capital of the Eastern Region, and Madinat Zayid, capital of the Western Region, are located in Abu Dhabi Emirate, the largest and most populous emirate. Dubai City is located in Dubai Emirate, the second largest emirate. Sharjah City and Khawr Fakkan are the major cities of the third largest emirate—Sharjah. Independence: The United Kingdom announced in 1968 and reaffirmed in 1971 that it would end its treaty relationships with the seven Trucial Coast states, which had been under British protection since 1892. Following the termination of all existing treaties with Britain, on December 2, 1971, six of the seven sheikhdoms formed the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The seventh sheikhdom, Ras al Khaymah, joined the UAE in 1972. Public holidays: Public holidays other than New Year’s Day and UAE National Day are dependent on the Islamic calendar and vary from year to year. For 2007, the holidays are: New Year’s Day (January 1); Muharram, Islamic New Year (January 20); Mouloud, Birth of Muhammad (March 31); Accession of the Ruler of Abu Dhabi—observed only in Abu Dhabi (August 6); Leilat al Meiraj, Ascension of Muhammad (August 10); first day of Ramadan (September 13); Eid al Fitr, end of Ramadan (October 13); UAE National Day (December 2); Eid al Adha, Feast of the Sacrifice (December 20); and Christmas Day (December 25).
    [Show full text]
  • Reconceptualising Ethnic Chinese Identity in Post-Suharto Indonesia
    Reconceptualising Ethnic Chinese Identity in Post-Suharto Indonesia Chang-Yau Hoon BA (Hons), BCom This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The University of Western Australia School of Social and Cultural Studies Discipline of Asian Studies 2006 DECLARATION FOR THESES CONTAINING PUBLISHED WORK AND/OR WORK PREPARED FOR PUBLICATION This thesis contains sole-authored published work and/or work prepared for publication. The bibliographic details of the work and where it appears in the thesis is outlined below: Hoon, Chang-Yau. 2004, “Multiculturalism and Hybridity in Accommodating ‘Chineseness’ in Post-Soeharto Indonesia”, in Alchemies: Community exChanges, Glenn Pass and Denise Woods (eds), Black Swan Press, Perth, pp. 17-37. (A revised version of this paper appears in Chapter One of the thesis). ---. 2006, “Assimilation, Multiculturalism, Hybridity: The Dilemma of the Ethnic Chinese in Post-Suharto Indonesia”, Asian Ethnicity, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 149-166. (A revised version of this paper appears in Chapter One of the thesis). ---. 2006, “Defining (Multiple) Selves: Reflections on Fieldwork in Jakarta”, Life Writing, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 79-100. (A revised version of this paper appears in a few sections of Chapter Two of the thesis). ---. 2006, “‘A Hundred Flowers Bloom’: The Re-emergence of the Chinese Press in post-Suharto Indonesia”, in Media and the Chinese Diaspora: Community, Communications and Commerce, Wanning Sun (ed.), Routledge, London and New York, pp. 91-118. (A revised version of this paper appears in Chapter Six of the thesis). This thesis is the original work of the author except where otherwise acknowledged.
    [Show full text]
  • ASSESSMENT REPORT Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil Certification
    PT. MUTUAGUNG LESTARI ASSESSMENT REPORT Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil Certification [ ]Stage-1 [ ] Stage-2 [√] Surveillance 2 [ ] Re-Assessment Plantation Management/Owner : SIME DARBY Plantation Sdn Bhd Plantation Name : Angsana POM, Angsana Estate Gunung Sari Estate, Pantai Bonati Estate and KKPA-4 Estate (PT. Ladangrumpun Suburabadi and PT Sajang Heulang – Minamas Plantation) Location : Sub District of Angsana, District of Tanah Bumbu, Province of Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia Certificate Code : MUTU-RSPO/006a LSI Date of certificate issue : 6 Juli 2011 Date of expiry of certificate : 6 Juli 2016 Assessment PT. Mutuagung Lestari Checked Approved Assessment Date Auditor by by Deni A. Novendi, Heri Satono, Taufik Tony ST-2 4-9 October 2010 Muardi Marwas, Ibnu Satria Margani Arifiarachman Octo H.P.N Nainggolan, S-1 Taufik Tony 24 – 26 April 2012 Oktovianus Rusmin, Margani Arifiarachman Rudi Ramdani. Octo H.P.N Nainggolan, Marsudi Eko Santoso, Moh Arif Taufik Tony S-2 29 April -1 May 2013 Yusni, Syarip Lambaga, Sandra Margani Arifiarachman Purba Submitted Approved Approved Assessment to RSPO on: by RSPO on: by MUTUAGUNG LESTARI on: S-2 26 June 2013 - 10 June 2013 Mutuagung Lestari • Raya Bogor Km 33,5 Number 19 • Cimanggis • Depok 16953• Indonesia Telephone (+62) (21) 8740202 • Fax (+62) (21) 87740745/6 Email : [email protected] ● www.mutucertification.com MUTU Certification • Approved by RSPO Secretariat on June 2008 PT. MUTUAGUNG LESTARI ASSESSMENT REPORT TABLE OF CONTENT FIGURE Figure 1. Location Map of PT Ladangrumpun
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION This Chapter Presents Five Subtopics
    CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION This chapter presents five subtopics, namely; research background, research questions, research objective, research limitation and research significance. 1.1 Research Background Language is essentially a speech of the mind and feeling of human beings on a regular basis, which uses sound as a tool (Ministry of National Education, 2005: 3). Language is a structure and meaning that is free from its users, as a sign that concludes a goal (HarunRasyid, Mansyur&Suratno 2009: 126). Language is a particular kind of system that is used to transfer the information and it is an encoding and decoding activity in order to get information (Seken, 1992). The number of languages in the world varies between (6,000-7,000) languages. However, the right estimates depend on arbitrary changes between various languages and dialects. Natural language is sign language but each language can be encoded into a second medium using audio, visual, or touch stimuli, for example, in the form of graphics, braille, or whistles. This is because human language is an independent modality. All languages depend on a symbiotic process to connect signals with certain meanings. In Indonesia there are many very beautiful cities and many tribes that have different languages and are very interesting to learn. One of the cities to be studied is Banyuwangi Regency. Banyuwangi Regency is a district of East Java province in Indonesia. This district is located in the easternmost part of Java Island. Banyuwangi is separated by the Bali Strait from Bali. Banyuwangi City is the administrative capital. The name Banyuwangi is the Javanese language for "fragrant water", which is connected with Javanese folklore on the Tanjung.
    [Show full text]
  • Building Social Cohesion and Identity Against Radicalization and Terrorism
    BUILDING SOCIAL COHESION AND IDENTITY AGAINST RADICALIZATION AND TERRORISM Reflianto1, Farida Ariani2 and Nora Afnita3 1Post Graduate of State University of Malang, [email protected]. 2Post Graduate of State University of Padang, [email protected] 3STIT Syekh Burhanuddin Pariaman [email protected] Abstract protecting the environment and building The aim of this research is to build resilience to conflicts. However, the social cohesion and identity against maintaining whatever has been achieved radicalization and terrorism activities in the and expanding the coverage of the multicultural society of Kampung Pondok in success is complicated by the recent Padang City. The subject of this study was the political reformation, compounding the entire of youth society at Kampung Pondok. Data of this research collected by using the effects of other existing conflicts and open ended interview form, observation and historically rooted social tensions. The focus group discussion. The personality and old and new conflicts, crises, and identity of subject was measured by using Big transitions threaten human security on Five Inventory. The Analysis data of this multiple levels and even appear any research used explorative analysis. Research kinds of radicalization and terrorism. findings reported that there are many ways Radicalization continues to be a in building social cohesion and identity dangerous issue for the countries in the against radicalization and terrorism those world and become an important concern, are involving all youth into positive local especially in conflict countries such as in custom activities and build a trust the Middle East and the developed framework, equal citizenship, and inclusion. The good manner for youth can be conducted countries that trigger conflict and by 1) reconstructing the deradicalization dissatisfaction due to their policies.
    [Show full text]
  • MASA LALU MASA KINI BANYUWANGI Identitas Kota Dalam Geliat Hibriditas Dan Komodifikasi Budaya Di Perbatasan Timur Jawa
    MASA LALU MASA KINI BANYUWANGI Identitas Kota dalam Geliat Hibriditas dan Komodifikasi Budaya di Perbatasan Timur Jawa WIWIN INDIARTI Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni - Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi [email protected] International Conference Sahid Jaya Hotel, Solo ♦ 11-12 October 2016 MASA LALU MASA KINI BANYUWANGI: Identitas Kota Dalam Geliat Hibriditas Dan Komodifikasi Budaya Di Perbatasan Timur Jawa Wiwin Indiarti Language and Art Faculty, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi Ikan Tongkol Street No. 22, Banyuwangi 68416 [email protected] Urban history of Indonesia, especially of the towns which in the past had developed into trade routes and royal centers, made them transits, meeting points and melting pots of cross cultures, ethniques, nations and religious beliefs resulting societies with very high complexity. Towns, therefore, represent multicultural society with plural characters. Banyuwangi in the past had been one of multicultural regions inhabited by various ethniques. Using (Osing) ethnique community in Banyuwangi, regarded as the heir of Blambangan Kingdom in the past, becoming important actors in shaping Banyuwangi identity today. Through the long historical process colored by cultural hibridity, Using community does cultural dialectic towards foreign domination and forces represented in the local language and various forms of oral traditions, folk arts and ethnique rites. This article aims at studying Using cultural hibridity process in becoming the dominant discourse of ethno-cultural identity of today Banyuwangi which shaping the town identity and, massively, becoming cultural commodification object. The analysis makes use of cultural identity, hibridity and commodification theories in hegemonic perspective. Using ethno-cultural identity becomes an important part of the local government cultural policies conducted through the controls, identity enforcement, promotion and cultural commodification.
    [Show full text]
  • Religious Freedom Implications of Sharia Implementation in Aceh, Indonesia Asma T
    University of St. Thomas Law Journal Volume 7 Article 8 Issue 3 Spring 2010 2010 Religious Freedom Implications of Sharia Implementation in Aceh, Indonesia Asma T. Uddin Bluebook Citation Asma T. Uddin, Religious Freedom Implications of Sharia Implementation in Aceh, Indonesia, 7 U. St. Thomas L.J. 603 (2010). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UST Research Online and the University of St. Thomas Law Journal. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ARTICLE RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IMPLICATIONS OF SHARIA IMPLEMENTATION IN ACEH, INDONESIA ASMA T. UDDIN* INTRODUCTION On Monday, September 14, 2009, the provincial legislature in Aceh, Indonesia passed Sharia regulations imposing stringent criminal punish- ments for various sexual offenses, such as adultery and fornication.1 Sharia, literally meaning “way to a watering place,” is a set of divine principles that regulate a Muslim’s relationship with God and man by providing social, moral, religious, and legal guidance. It is implemented through fiqh, or Is- lamic jurisprudence, which is the science of interpreting religious texts in order to deduce legal rulings. The Acehnese Sharia regulations are the latest manifestations of a process of formal implementation of Sharia that began in 2002 in Aceh.2 Given the gravity of the associated punishments, the reg- ulations have caught national and international attention, with human rights activists across the world decrying the severity of the corporal punishments imposed by the regulations. Much less frequently scrutinized are the regula- tions’ implications for other human rights—such as religious freedom. This paper analyzes these regulations’ religious freedom implications for both Muslims and non-Muslims.
    [Show full text]