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Building Social Cohesion and Identity Against Radicalization and Terrorism

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Building Social Cohesion and Identity Against Radicalization and Terrorism BUILDING SOCIAL COHESION AND IDENTITY AGAINST RADICALIZATION AND TERRORISM Reflianto1, Farida Ariani2 and Nora Afnita3 1Post Graduate of State University of Malang, [email protected]. 2Post Graduate of State University of Padang, [email protected] 3STIT Syekh Burhanuddin Pariaman [email protected] Abstract protecting the environment and building The aim of this research is to build resilience to conflicts. However, the social cohesion and identity against maintaining whatever has been achieved radicalization and terrorism activities in the and expanding the coverage of the multicultural society of Kampung Pondok in success is complicated by the recent Padang City. The subject of this study was the political reformation, compounding the entire of youth society at Kampung Pondok. Data of this research collected by using the effects of other existing conflicts and open ended interview form, observation and historically rooted social tensions. The focus group discussion. The personality and old and new conflicts, crises, and identity of subject was measured by using Big transitions threaten human security on Five Inventory. The Analysis data of this multiple levels and even appear any research used explorative analysis. Research kinds of radicalization and terrorism. findings reported that there are many ways Radicalization continues to be a in building social cohesion and identity dangerous issue for the countries in the against radicalization and terrorism those world and become an important concern, are involving all youth into positive local especially in conflict countries such as in custom activities and build a trust the Middle East and the developed framework, equal citizenship, and inclusion. The good manner for youth can be conducted countries that trigger conflict and by 1) reconstructing the deradicalization dissatisfaction due to their policies. The strategy to counter terrorism trough a civic radicalization movement that originally is education service, 2) outreaching youth by appeared in the conflict countries of the understanding Islamic teaching well and Middle East and then spreading to other respecting other religious norms in the Muslim countries, including Indonesia as regional community of multicultural, eroding the largest Muslim country in the world. the bonds of trust and goodwill among Yet western countries were not spared multicultural society in Kampung Pondok. from their attacks. The increase in casualties caused by suicide bombing Keywords: social cohesion, identity, terror appeared tragic trauma to the radicalization, terrorism community (Broussaud, 2010). The Introduction radicalism movement continued to cause The Indonesia region has been hostility as a form of dissatisfaction with making some progress, although it has American policies and its allies and the been uneven across and within countries, emergence of rebellion over the countries towards reducing poverty and inequality, in the (Middle East a violent Editorial, strengthening democratic governance, 2015) 22 Terrorism is a threat to all States al-Qaeda-affiliated Jemaah Islamiyah and to all peoples; terrorism poses a Islamist terror group or ISIS. serious threat to security, to the values of The end of the year 2016 terrorist democratic societies and to the rights and bombings targeting the city of Padang, freedoms of citizens, especially through Ibn Sina hospital in Padang. The bomb the indiscriminate targeting of innocent was successfully failed by police so as to people. Indonesia has been victim of avoid explosions and casualties (Pkiran some of the largest and most significant Rakyat, 2017). Earlier in the year of 2009 terrorist attacks of the last several the police had arrested the suspected decades. MailOnline is reported that the terrorists namely Sony who hiding in the current terror attacks and killings in guesthouse of Takana Juo, Ulak Karang Indonesia since 2005 up to 2016 among Padang (viva.co.id , 2006). In 2017 the other Series of suicide bomb and a series police again arrested dozens of residents of car bombs exploded at two sites in of West Sumatra are suspected of Jimbaran Beach Resort and in Kuta, Bali involvement in a terrorist network in (MailOnline, 2005). The terrorist attack Batam (Fajar. Co.Id, 2017). Subsequent claimed the lives of 20 people and injured arrested by Pollice Headquarter of more than 100 others. The three bombers Dharmasraya to two teenagers suspected also died in the attacks on October 1, of involvement in a terrorist network that 2005, JW Marriott and Ritz-Carlton burning the Police office in Dharmasraya Hotels in Jakarta, were hit by separate (Liputan6.com.Padang, 2017). The suicide bombings five minutes apart. previous year in the Padang city was Three of the seven victims who were surprised by knowing the identity of six killed were Australians, two from the suspected terrorists were arrested in Netherlands, and one each from New Batam two of them came from the city of Zealand and Indonesia (CNN.com, 2009). Padang. It means that the city of Padang More than 50 people were injured in the which was once a friendly, safe and quiet blast on 17 July 2009 up to January 14, with a religious community life is no 2016 there are four militants reportedly longer shows the conducive situation, detonated explosives in or near a because many of the terror and the Starbucks cafe in central Jakarta. emergence of the hidden terrorist Militants destroyed a nearby police post movement from the young people in the with grenades, killing at least 3 men. city of Padang. Gunfire ensued when police arrived Many emerging of radical shortly afterwards (The Indian Express, movement that terrorized West Sumatra 2016). residents, especially in the capital of Traditionally the militias that Padang city, it cannot be separated from politically opposed to Indonesian the influences of hard-line Islamic are government interest were held targeted to young people in the city of responsible for series of terrorism attack Padang as the actor for bombing suicide. in Indonesia. Separatist movements It is the duty and responsibility of local operating in Indonesia, such as the Darul government to seriously find the Islam (Indonesia), Fretilin (East Timorese reconstruction strategy to prevent the independence militia during Indonesian radicalization and terrorist movements occupation of East Timor), Gerakan Aceh among young people in West Sumatra, Merdeka, and Organisasi Papua Merdeka especially in Padang. are often held responsible on terrorist Misunderstanding of jihad, is attacks, such as bombings and shootings, likely make the younger is easy to in Indonesia. Recent terrorism in indoctrination by teaching of jihad itself Indonesia can in part be attributed to the to bring their struggle for establishing the religion of Allah in a way against the 23 legitimate government, and if necessary fight the terrorism is an important issue perform chaos, terror and scare people of worldwide trying to explore in the with terrorist bombings that makes the academic line, causing factor of atmosphere of the people become tense, radicalism born out, growing a group of and interrupted local and national terrorists who bring their identity as a stability. Misunderstanding of jihad has colonized group and then against the sparked young people trapped in government hegemony, causing conflicts radicalism and terrorism to fight those and various acts of violence. Some studies violates the law of God, hoping on risk factors of radicalization and martyrdom and paradise. terrorism in a country in terms of The unique thing is regarded the psychopathological disorders in people suicide bombing as a jihad movement, who are potentially damaging to peace but their bombs target not only people and personality that society tend to be from different religions with them and fragile with strong issues of jihad come innocent, nor Muslims. Suicide bombings from the outside (Bézénech, 2016); and indiscriminate lethal that seemed disruption of the individual personality cruel. This is the negative impact of as a result of conflict and violence in indoctrination of religious teachings over society (Fekih, 2015 Kacou, 2010); the hateful and discordance to instead birth of the mujahedeen who tend to uphold Islam Rahmatan lil Alamin, even choose suicide as the ultimate weapon create chaos, terror and radical against their enemies (Lankford, 2010); movement that causes people's lives increasing psychosocial disorders (Gill P, insecure. True meaning of Jihad in the 2012). Spreading the violent radicalism view of Islam is the Muslim groups that in the Arab countries (Loza, 2007, attack the enemy, when Islam is attacked, Orbach, 2007); spreading to the Europe or when Muslims in the pressure by and Asia countries against their enemy, Islam does require his people to movement (Beck, 2002); including to the defend the religion of Allah although life- largest Muslim population of Indonesia. threatening. In view of Islam, the defense of Islam religion and Law of Allah is a Method of Research form of his faith and obedience to Allah, Setting of this study was all youth that every injustice in the world should of Kampung Pondok in Padang City. This be removed and immediately followed by research approach is qualitative research building a clean government and with an exploratory design (Creswell, authoritative. Based on the efforts to 2016). Data were collected by using build a harmony and dignity community, depth Interview with open-ended the writer interested to examines the role interviews form, observation and focus of local government in Padang City to group discussion. The subject of this prevent the radical and terrorism study was the entire of youth society at movement in Kampung Pondok with kampung pondok as much as 250 people multiethnic, multicultural and multi-faith were divided into 100 young females and through building the social cohesion and 150 young males. Data analysis was a strong nation identity in order the local performed by classifying the data, society of Kampung Pondok can fight the interpretation of data, data validity hidden radicalism and terrorism checking, verification and drawing the movement in their circumstance. conclusions.
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