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Aksi Kekerasan Westerling Di Kota Medan (1945-1946)

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Aksi Kekerasan Westerling Di Kota Medan (1945-1946) AKSI KEKERASAN WESTERLING DI KOTA MEDAN (1945-1946) Skripsi Sarjana Dikerjakan O L E H NAMA : YANDI SYAPUTRA HASIBUAN NIM : 170706007 PROGAM STUDI ILMU SEJARAH FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2021 i Universitas Sumatera Utara ii Universitas Sumatera Utara iii Universitas Sumatera Utara iv Universitas Sumatera Utara v Universitas Sumatera Utara KATA PENGANTAR Alhamdulillahi Rabbil Alamin, penulis ucapkan kepada Allah SWT karena atas berkah dan ridho-Nya segala sesuatu dapat diselesaikan. penulis sebagai calon peneliti dan sejarahwan di masa depan telah menyelesaikan karya ilmiah dalam bentuk skripsi. Sholawat dan Salam kepada ruh junjungan alam Nabi Muhammad Saw, mudah-mudahan kita semua mendapatkan syafaat-Nya di hari kemudian nanti. Skripsi ini penulis ajukan sebagai syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Sastra di Program Studi Ilmu Sejarah, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Dalam kesempatan ini Saya mengangkat judul skripsi “AKSI KEKERASAN WESTERLING DI KOTA MEDAN (1945-1946).” Skripsi ini masih jauh dari kata “sempurna”, untuk itu kritik dan saran yang membangun dari pembaca sangat diharapkan oleh penulis. Akhir kata penulis mengucapkan terimakasih atas segala perhatiannya, semoga tulisan ini dapat diperbaharui lagi dan dapat dibaca oleh berbagai kalangan serta menambah khazanah pengetahuan sejarah kita untuk menyongsong masa depan yang lebih cerah. Demikian, semoga rahmat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa selalu menyertai kita semua. Medan, Februari 2021 Penulis Yandi Syaputra Hasibuan 170706007 i Universitas Sumatera Utara UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH Penelitian dan penulisan skripsi ini dapat terselesaikan atas motivasi, bantuan, kritik, saran, dan doa dari berbagai pihak. Dalam kesempatan ini, penulis mengucapkan terimakasih kepada berbagai pihak. Ucapan terimakasih ini penulis haturkan kepada: 1. Bapak Dr. Budi Agustono, M. S, selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Sumatera Utara, beserta para Wakil Dekan dan seluruh staf atas bantuan dan fasilitas yang Saya peroleh selama menempuh pendidikan di Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Sumatera Utara. 2. Bapak Drs. Edi Sumarno, M. Hum, selaku Ketua Program Studi Ilmu Sejarah Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Sumatera Utara sekaligus dosen pembimbing skripsi penulis. Selama bimbingan skripsi, beliau telah banyak memberikan waktu, nasihat, kritik, dan saran yang sangat memotivasi penulis untuk menyelesaikan penelitian dan penulisan skripsi ini. 3. Ibu Dra. Nina Karina, M. SP, selaku Sekretaris Program Studi Ilmu Sejarah, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Sumatera Utara. 4. Ibu Dra. Junita Setiana Ginting, M. Si, selaku Dosen Penasehat Akademik penulis selama menempuh pendidikan di Program Studi Ilmu Sejarah, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Beliau tidak kunjung henti dalam memotivasi penulis untuk tetap serius selama menempuh bangku pendidikan. ii Universitas Sumatera Utara 5. Kepada seluruh Dosen Program Studi Ilmu Sejarah, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Sumatera Utara, yang telah memberikan sepenuh hati ilmu pengetahuan, wawasan, motivasi, nasihat dan pengalaman selama penulis menempuh bangku pendidikan, serta Pak Ampera selaku pegawai administratif yang telah banyak membantu dalam urusan administrasi, kiranya tanpa beliau penelitian skripsi ini tidak akan berjalan sebagaimana semestinya. 6. Skripsi ini penulis persembahkan kepada orangtua tercinta Bapak Almarhum H. Bakhtaruddin Hasibuan dan Ibu Hj. Sari Bulan Hasibuan tanpa mereka studi ini tidak akan terselesaikan sebagaimana semestinya. 7. Abang-abang dan Kakak-kakak penulis, Rizal Saqdi Hasibuan, Muhammad Hanafi Hasibuan, Emil Salim Hasibuan, Armin Iskandar Hasibuan, Siti Arifah Hasibuan, dan Nur Sakinah Hasibuan. Merekalah anggota keluarga penulis, dalam ranah pendidikan mereka tidak kunjung lelah untuk mendorong supaya tetap serius dan semangat untuk menyelesaikan pendidikan. 8. Mahasiswa Ilmu Sejarah Angkatan 2017, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Sumatera Utara, selama pendidikan berlangsung telah memberikan banyak pengalaman berarti dan semoga kita semua nanti tetap abadi dalam kenangan. 9. Minum Kopi Medan, yang telah memberikan banyak fasilitas selama penelitian dan penulisan skripsi ini berlangsung. 10. Abang Syaifuddin Ansori Nasution dan Kakak Rizky Hayati Siregar, selama menempuh pendidikan merekalah yang menjadi wali penulis di rantau orang ini di kala jauh dari orangtua tercinta. iii Universitas Sumatera Utara 11. Sahabat Saya Rahmad Yamin Harahap, dialah yang mengarahkan penulis bagaimana menghadapi tantangan di kala jauh dengan orangtua dan untuk terus bersemangat dalam menyelesaikan studi. Akhir kata penulis ucapkan terimakasih kepada seluruh pihak yang terlibat secara langsung maupun tidak langsung dalam penelitan dan penulisan skripsi ini. Semoga kebaikan selalu menyertai kita semua, Amin. Medan, Februari 2021 Penulis Yandi Syaputra Hasibuan 170706007 iv Universitas Sumatera Utara DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................. i UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH....................................................................................... ii DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................... v DAFTAR PETA ....................................................................................................... vii DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................ vii ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................... viii BAB I PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................................... 1 1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah ............................................................................. 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah ...................................................................................... 9 1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian .................................................................. 9 1.4 Tinjauan Pustaka ...................................................................................... 11 1.5 Metode Penelitian ..................................................................................... 14 BAB II KOTA MEDAN SEBELUM AKSI KEKERASAN WESTERLING (1945-1946) .............................................................................................. 18 2.1 Masa Pendudukan Jepang ........................................................................ 19 2.2 Peralihan Kekuasaan Jepang Kepada Republik Indonesia....................... 30 2.3 Kota Medan Awal Kemerdekaan ............................................................. 38 BAB III LATAR BELAKANG AKSI KEKERASAN WESTERLING DI KOTA MEDAN (1945-1946) ..................................................................... 47 3.1 Obsesi Menjadi Seorang Militer .............................................................. 48 3.2 Mengintegrasikan Bekas Jajahan ............................................................. 56 v Universitas Sumatera Utara 3.3 Dari Kolombo ke Kota Medan ................................................................. 58 3.4 Pembebasan Tawanan Perang .................................................................. 67 BAB IV AKSI-AKSI KEKERASAN WESTERLING DI KOTA MEDAN (1945-1946) .............................................................................................. 77 4.1 Dua Tembakan di Jalan Bali .................................................................... 78 4.2 Mencari Tarigan ....................................................................................... 88 4.3 Kepala di Trotoar Masjid Sultan Deli ...................................................... 94 4.4 Pembentukan Pasukan Teror Pao An Tui (PAT) ................................... 100 BAB V DAMPAK AKSI KEKERASAN WESTERLING DI KOTA MEDAN (1945-1946) ...........................................................................................`107 5.1 Westerling Meninggalkan Kota Medan ................................................. 107 5.2 Dampak Aksi Kekerasan Westerling Bagi Republiken dan Belanda .... 113 BAB VI KESIMPULAN 6.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................................ 117 6.2 Saran ....................................................................................................... 119 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................ 120 vi Universitas Sumatera Utara DAFTAR PETA Kota Medan 1945 .............................................................................................. 19 DAFTAR GAMBAR Pasukan Jepang Mendarat di Tanjung Tiram .................................................... 21 Raymond Paul Piere Westerling ....................................................................... 49 Westerling di “usia senja” ................................................................................. 50 Lapangan terbang Polonia Kota Medan tempat yang mana Westerling pertama kali menginjakkan kaki-nya di Indonesia ......................................................... 66 Lapangan terbang Polonia di lihat dari foto udara ............................................ 67 Salah satu koran Belanda yang menceritakan teror Westerling di Kota Medan .................................................................................................. .70 Bekas Pension Wilhelmina yang diserbu warga Kota Medan pada Peristiwa Jalan Bali ..........................................................................................................
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