Languages of Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara)
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The Linguistic Background to SE Asian Sea Nomadism
The linguistic background to SE Asian sea nomadism Chapter in: Sea nomads of SE Asia past and present. Bérénice Bellina, Roger M. Blench & Jean-Christophe Galipaud eds. Singapore: NUS Press. Roger Blench McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research University of Cambridge Department of History, University of Jos Correspondence to: 8, Guest Road Cambridge CB1 2AL United Kingdom Voice/ Ans (00-44)-(0)1223-560687 Mobile worldwide (00-44)-(0)7847-495590 E-mail [email protected] http://www.rogerblench.info/RBOP.htm This printout: Cambridge, March 21, 2017 Roger Blench Linguistic context of SE Asian sea peoples Submission version TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 3 2. The broad picture 3 3. The Samalic [Bajau] languages 4 4. The Orang Laut languages 5 5. The Andaman Sea languages 6 6. The Vezo hypothesis 9 7. Should we include river nomads? 10 8. Boat-people along the coast of China 10 9. Historical interpretation 11 References 13 TABLES Table 1. Linguistic affiliation of sea nomad populations 3 Table 2. Sailfish in Moklen/Moken 7 Table 3. Big-eye scad in Moklen/Moken 8 Table 4. Lake → ocean in Moklen 8 Table 5. Gill-net in Moklen/Moken 8 Table 6. Hearth on boat in Moklen/Moken 8 Table 7. Fishtrap in Moklen/Moken 8 Table 8. ‘Bracelet’ in Moklen/Moken 8 Table 9. Vezo fish names and their corresponding Malayopolynesian etymologies 9 FIGURES Figure 1. The Samalic languages 5 Figure 2. Schematic model of trade mosaic in the trans-Isthmian region 12 PHOTOS Photo 1. Orang Laut settlement in Riau 5 Photo 2. -
SCHAPPER, Antoinette and Emilie WELLFELT. 2018. 'Reconstructing
Reconstructing contact between Alor and Timor: Evidence from language and beyond a b Antoinette SCHAPPER and Emilie WELLFELT LACITO-CNRSa, University of Colognea, and Stockholm Universityb Despite being separated by a short sea-crossing, the neighbouring islands of Alor and Timor in south-eastern Wallacea have to date been treated as separate units of linguistic analysis and possible linguistic influence between them is yet to be investigated. Historical sources and oral traditions bear witness to the fact that the communities from both islands have been engaged with one another for a long time. This paper brings together evidence of various types including song, place names and lexemes to present the first account of the interactions between Timor and Alor. We show that the groups of southern and eastern Alor have had long-standing connections with those of north-central Timor, whose importance has generally been overlooked by historical and linguistic studies. 1. Introduction1 Alor and Timor are situated at the south-eastern corner of Wallacea in today’s Indonesia. Alor is a small mountainous island lying just 60 kilometres to the north of the equally mountainous but much larger island of Timor. Both Alor and Timor are home to a mix of over 50 distinct Papuan and Austronesian language-speaking peoples. The Papuan languages belong to the Timor-Alor-Pantar (TAP) family (Schapper et al. 2014). Austronesian languages have been spoken alongside the TAP languages for millennia, following the expansion of speakers of the Austronesian languages out of Taiwan some 3,000 years ago (Blust 1995). The long history of speakers of Austronesian and Papuan languages in the Timor region is a topic in need of systematic research. -
Reflections on Linguistic Fieldwork and Language Documentation in Eastern Indonesia
Language Documentation & Conservation Special Publication No. 15 Reflections on Language Documentation 20 Years after Himmelmann 1998 ed. by Bradley McDonnell, Andrea L. Berez-Kroeker & Gary Holton, pp. 256–266 http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc/ 25 http://hdl.handle.net/10125/24827 Reflections on linguistic fieldwork and language documentation in eastern Indonesia Yusuf Sawaki Center for Endangered Languages Documentation, University of Papua I Wayan Arka Australia National University Udayana University In this paper, we reflect on linguistic fieldwork and language documentation activities in Eastern Indonesia. We first present the rich linguistic and biological diversity of this region, which is of significant interest in typological and theoretical linguistics and language documentation. We then discuss certain central educational issues in relation to human resources, infrastructures, and institutional support, critical for high quality research and documentation. We argue that the issues are multidimensional and complex across all levels, posing sociocultural challenges in capacity-building programs. Finally, we reflect on the significance of the participation oflocal fieldworkers and communities and their contextual training. 1. Introduction In this paper, we reflect on linguistic fieldwork and language documentation in Eastern Indonesia. By “Eastern Indonesia,” we mean the region that stretches from Nusa Tenggara to Papua,1 including Nusa Tenggara Timur, Sulawesi, and Maluku. This region is linguistically one of the most diverse regions in the world interms of the number of unrelated languages and their structural properties, further discussed in the next section. This is the region where Nikolaus Himmelmann has done his linguistic 1The term “Papua” is potentially confusing because it is used in two senses. -
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Comparing orthography design in Barayin (Chad) and Kodi (Indonesia) Joseph Lovestrand University of Oxford England Abstract— This research stems from the emergence of a problem which is the lack of knowledge of millennial children about folklore from their respective regions, especially children in Southeast Sulawesi. Preservation of folklore which is one part of traditional literature is very important because one of the functions of folklore is as children's character education. One of the folklores from Southeast Sulawesi that needs to be preserved is “Tula-Tula Metulungino Mie Kodosa folklore” originating from Muna. The purpose of this study was to determine the character education contained in Tula-Tula Metulungino Mie Kodosa folklore. This research is a literature study. The method used is descriptive qualitative method. The source of the research data comes from the book, Buton and Muna Folklore in Southeast Sulawesi, which was published by the Ministry of Education and Culture in the Language Development and Language Development Center in 1998 in Jakarta, 144 pages thick. The result showed that character education contained in the Tula-Tula Metulungino Mie Kodosa folklore, that is helpful, kind, patient, and never give up. This folklore is important for millenial generation in digital era because it educates them to have good characters and helpfull in preventing the folklore extinction. Keywords— Character education, Muna Folklore, Tula-Tula Metulungino Mie Kodosa 1 Introduction It is estimated that half of the world’s 7000 languages, including half of Indonesia’s 700 languages, are on the path to extinction [1]. With the loss of these languages, the unique cultural heritage expressed in each language is also likely to disappear, as well as any traditional knowledge its speakers hold. -
Languages of Flores
Are the Central Flores languages really typologically unusual? Alexander Elias January 13, 2020 1 Abstract The isolating languages of Central Flores (Austronesian) are typologically distinct from their nearby relatives. They have no bound morphology, as well elaborate numeral clas- sifier systems, and quinary-decimal numeral system. McWhorter (2019) proposes that their isolating typology is due to imperfect adult language acquisition of a language of Sulawesi, brought to Flores by settlers from Sulawesi in the relatively recent past. I pro- pose an alternative interpretation, which better accounts for the other typological features found in Central Flores: the Central Flores languages are isolating because they have a strong substrate influence from a now-extinct isolating language belonging to the Mekong- Mamberamo linguistic area (Gil 2015). This explanation better accounts for the typological profile of Central Flores and is a more plausible contact scenario. Keywords: Central Flores languages, Eastern Indonesia, isolating languages, Mekong- Mamberamo linguistic area, substrate influence 2 Introduction The Central Flores languages (Austronesian; Central Malayo-Polynesian) are a group of serialising SVO languages with obligatory numeral classifier systems spoken on the island of Flores, one of the Lesser Sunda Islands in the east of Indonesia. These languages, which are almost completely lacking in bound morphology, include Lio, Ende, Nage, Keo, Ngadha and Rongga. Taken in their local context, this typological profile is unusual: other Austronesian languages of eastern Indonesia generally have some bound morphology and non-obligatory numeral classifier systems. However, in a broader view, the Central Flores languages are typologically similar to many of the isolating languages of Mainland Southeast Asia and Western New Guinea, many of which are also isolating, serialising SVO languages with obligatory numeral classifier systems. -
The Malayic-Speaking Orang Laut Dialects and Directions for Research
KARLWacana ANDERBECK Vol. 14 No., The 2 Malayic-speaking(October 2012): 265–312Orang Laut 265 The Malayic-speaking Orang Laut Dialects and directions for research KARL ANDERBECK Abstract Southeast Asia is home to many distinct groups of sea nomads, some of which are known collectively as Orang (Suku) Laut. Those located between Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula are all Malayic-speaking. Information about their speech is paltry and scattered; while starting points are provided in publications such as Skeat and Blagden (1906), Kähler (1946a, b, 1960), Sopher (1977: 178–180), Kadir et al. (1986), Stokhof (1987), and Collins (1988, 1995), a comprehensive account and description of Malayic Sea Tribe lects has not been provided to date. This study brings together disparate sources, including a bit of original research, to sketch a unified linguistic picture and point the way for further investigation. While much is still unknown, this paper demonstrates relationships within and between individual Sea Tribe varieties and neighbouring canonical Malay lects. It is proposed that Sea Tribe lects can be assigned to four groupings: Kedah, Riau Islands, Duano, and Sekak. Keywords Malay, Malayic, Orang Laut, Suku Laut, Sea Tribes, sea nomads, dialectology, historical linguistics, language vitality, endangerment, Skeat and Blagden, Holle. 1 Introduction Sometime in the tenth century AD, a pair of ships follows the monsoons to the southeast coast of Sumatra. Their desire: to trade for its famed aromatic resins and gold. Threading their way through the numerous straits, the ships’ path is a dangerous one, filled with rocky shoals and lurking raiders. Only one vessel reaches its destination. -
Workpapers in Indonesian Languages and Cultures
( J WORKPAPERS IN INDONESIAN LANGUAGES AND CULTURES VOLUME 6 - MALUKU ,. PATTIMURA UNIVERSITY and THE SUMMER INSTITUTE OP LINGUISTICS in cooperation with THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND CULTURE WORKPAPERS IN INDONESIAN LANGUAGES AND CULTURES VOLUME 6 - MALUKU Nyn D. Laidig, Edi tor PAT'I'IMORA tJlflVERSITY and THE SUMMER IRSTlTUTK OP LIRGOISTICS in cooperation with 'l'BB DBPAR".l'MElI'1' 01' BDUCATIOII ARD CULTURE Workpapers in Indonesian Languages and cultures Volume 6 Maluku Wyn D. Laidig, Editor Printed 1989 Ambon, Maluku, Indonesia Copies of this publication may be obtained from Summer Institute of Linguistics Kotak Pos 51 Ambon, Maluku 97001 Indonesia Microfiche copies of this and other publications of the Summer Institute of Linguistics may be obtained from Academic Book Center Summer Institute of Linguistics 7500 West Camp Wisdom Road l Dallas, TX 75236 U.S.A. ii PRAKATA Dengan mengucap syukur kepada Tuhan yang Masa Esa, kami menyambut dengan gembira penerbitan buku Workpapers in Indonesian Languages , and Cultures. Penerbitan ini menunjukkan adanya suatu kerjasama yang baik antara Universitas Pattimura deng~n Summer Institute of Linguistics; Maluku . Buku ini merupakan wujud nyata peran serta para anggota SIL dalam membantu masyarakat umumnya dan masyarakat pedesaan khususnya Diharapkan dengan terbitnya buku ini akan dapat membantu masyarakat khususnya di pedesaan, dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan prestasi mereka sesuai dengan bidang mereka masing-masing. Dengan adanya penerbitan ini, kiranya dapat merangsang munculnya penulis-penulis yang lain yang dapat menyumbangkan pengetahuannya yang berguna bagi kita dan generasi-generasi yang akan datang. Kami ucapkan ' terima kasih kepada para anggota SIL yang telah berupaya sehingga bisa diterbitkannya buku ini Akhir kat a kami ucapkan selamat membaca kepada masyarakat yang mau memiliki buku ini. -
Consonant Insertions: a Synchronic and Diachronic Account of Amfo'an
Consonant Insertions: A synchronic and diachronic account of Amfo'an Kirsten Culhane A thesis submitted for the degree of Bachelor ofArts with Honours in Language Studies The Australian National University November 2018 This thesis represents an original piece of work, and does not contain, inpart or in full, the published work of any other individual, except where acknowl- edged. Kirsten Culhane November 2018 Abstract This thesis is a study of synchronic consonant insertions' inAmfo an, a variety of Meto (Austronesian) spoken in Western Timor. Amfo'an attests synchronic conso- nant insertion in two environments: before vowel-initial enclitics and to mark the right edge of the noun phrase. This constitutes two synchronic processes; the first is a process of epenthesis, while the second is a phonologically conditioned affixation process. Which consonant is inserted is determined by the preceding vowel: /ʤ/ occurs after /i/, /l/ after /e/ and /ɡw/ after /o/ and /u/. However, there isnoregular process of insertion after /a/ final words. This thesis provides a detailed analysis of the form, functions and distribution of consonant insertion in Amfo'an and accounts for the lack of synchronic consonant insertion after /a/-final words. Although these processes can be accounted forsyn- chronically, a diachronic account is also necessary in order to fully account for why /ʤ/, /l/ and /ɡw/ are regularly inserted in Amfo'an. This account demonstrates that although consonant insertion in Amfo'an is an unusual synchronic process, it is a result of regular sound changes. This thesis also examines the theoretical and typological implications 'of theAmfo an data, demonstrating that Amfo'an does not fit in to the categories previously used to classify consonant/zero alternations. -
Traditional Ecological Knowledge of Palm Weaving Products in Some Austronesian Languages of Timor Regioni
Language Documentation: Traditional Ecological Knowledge of Palm Weaving Products in Some Austronesian Languages of Timor Regioni June Jacob Artha Wacana Christian University [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper explores Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) used by the Rikou, Amarasi and Uab Meto indigenous language communities, especially in palm weaving products. The aims of this paper are to document: 1)the TEK of palm weaving products in the Rikou, Amarasi and Uab Meto languages, 2)ways that TEK of palm weaving products are transmitted intergenerationally, and 3)whether some parts of the TEK of palm weaving products are shared by several indigenous communities. As an exercise in language documentation, this study hopes to preserve and promote TEK in many ways, especially through the “local content” part of the educational curriculum. Nusa Tenggara Timur Province (NTT) is well known for its palm weaving products. At every important occasion, indigenous communities in NTT use palm weaving products, often for everyday activities as well as to show their identities. In a Timorese marriage ceremony, for example, it is a must to use oko mama (betelnut container) as part of proposing to a woman. Oko mama is presented by the speaker of the man’s family to the speaker of the woman’s family.When it is accepted, then the marriage can proceed. Many palm weaving products are also used in the houses, gardens, plantations, rice fields and elsewhere. However, many modern products such as plastics, are recentlyreplacing these traditional products. According to Ross (2002), education, too, can also be a threat. Thus, younger generations who have been increasingly exposed to modern commerce and schooling may be more likely to engage in independent discovery than their older counterparts who live a more traditional lifestyle and may be more likely to engage in collective (interdependent) learning activities. -
Potential Difficulties for Nataia Speakers in Learning English Phonology Graduate Program of English Language Studies Sanata
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI POTENTIAL DIFFICULTIES FOR NATAIA SPEAKERS IN LEARNING ENGLISH PHONOLOGY A THESIS Presented as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Magister Humaniora (M.Hum.) Degree in English Language Studies by Firmus Madhu Dhengi 146332003 GRADUATE PROGRAM OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDIES SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2017 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI POTENTIAL DIFFICULTIES FOR NATAIA SPEAKERS IN LEARNING ENGLISH PHONOLOGY A THESIS Presented as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Magister Humaniora (M.Hum.) Degree in English Language Studies by Firmus Madhu Dhengi 146332003 GRADUATE PROGRAM OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDIES SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2017 i PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI POTENTIAL DIFFICULTIES FOR NATAIA SPEAKERS IN LEARNING ENGLISH PHONOLOCN !;&?.ffi '""9#"'#"*-b gis#a effitrfl^.*!.,:l *:,,.\\ E \"Td@. I b*"oKoc Approved by Dr. Fr. Borsias Alio. M.Pd.. MA.. Advisor Yogyakarta, August 5, 2016 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI poTENtup.,Drryr,b ronNArara srn *s . IN LEARNTNGENGLTSII?IIONOLOGY '_q X'irmus Madhu Dhengi Chair Secretary Member Yogyakarta,, Sanuary' 2 7, 2A fi ' The Cnaduate Program Director PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI *,8 lrl i STAT..EITffNT Or OruGINALITY This is to certiff that all ideas, phrasss, sentsnce.s, unless otherwise statd are the idecs, phrases, and seuterces o}'ths thesis lr.ritff. The writer uuOerstanAs the full.consoquence, includiug dogreE caucellation, if he took somebody else.s -
BOOK of ABSTRACTS June 28 to July 2, 2021 15Th ICAL 2021 WELCOME
15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AUSTRONESIAN LINGUISTICS BOOK OF ABSTRACTS June 28 to July 2, 2021 15th ICAL 2021 WELCOME The Austronesian languages are a family of languages widely dispersed throughout the islands of The name Austronesian comes from Latin auster ICAL The 15-ICAL wan, Philippines 15th ICAL 2021 ORGANIZERS Department of Asian Studies Sinophone Borderlands CONTACTS: [email protected] [email protected] 15th ICAL 2021 PROGRAMME Monday, June 28 8:30–9:00 WELCOME 9:00–10:00 EARLY CAREER PLENARY | Victoria Chen et al | CHANNEL 1 Is Malayo-Polynesian a primary branch of Austronesian? A view from morphosyntax 10:00–10:30 COFFEE BREAK | CHANNEL 3 CHANNEL 1 CHANNEL 2 S2: S1: 10:30-11:00 Owen Edwards and Charles Grimes Yoshimi Miyake A preliminary description of Belitung Malay languages of eastern Indonesia and Timor-Leste Atsuko Kanda Utsumi and Sri Budi Lestari 11:00-11:30 Luis Ximenes Santos Language Use and Language Attitude of Kemak dialects in Timor-Leste Ethnic groups in Indonesia 11:30-11:30 Yunus Sulistyono Kristina Gallego Linking oral history and historical linguistics: Reconstructing population dynamics, The case of Alorese in east Indonesia agentivity, and dominance: 150 years of language contact and change in Babuyan Claro, Philippines 12:00–12:30 COFFEE BREAK | CHANNEL 3 12:30–13:30 PLENARY | Olinda Lucas and Catharina Williams-van Klinken | CHANNEL 1 Modern poetry in Tetun Dili CHANNEL 1 CHANNEL -
Tungusic Languages
641 TUNGUSIC LANGUAGES he last Imperial family that reigned in Beij- Nanai or Goldi has about 7,000 speakers on the T ing, the Qing or Manchu dynasty, seized banks ofthe lower Amur. power in 1644 and were driven out in 1912. Orochen has about 2,000 speakers in northern Manchu was the ancestral language ofthe Qing Manchuria. court and was once a major language ofthe Several other Tungusic languages survive, north-eastern province ofManchuria, bridge- with only a few hundred speakers apiece. head ofthe Japanese invasion ofChina in the 1930s. It belongs to the little-known Tungusic group Numerals in Manchu, Evenki and Nanai oflanguages, usually believed to formpart ofthe Manchu Evenki Nanai ALTAIC family. All Tungusic languages are spo- 1 emu umuÅn emun ken by very small population groups in northern 2 juwe dyuÅr dyuer China and eastern Siberia. 3 ilan ilan ilan Manchu is the only Tungusic language with a 4 duin digin duin written history. In the 17th century the Manchu 5 sunja tungga toinga rulers ofChina, who had at firstruled through 6 ninggun nyungun nyungun the medium of MONGOLIAN, adapted Mongolian 7 nadan nadan nadan script to their own language, drawing some ideas 8 jakon dyapkun dyakpun from the Korean syllabary. However, in the 18th 9 uyun eÅgin khuyun and 19th centuries Chinese ± language ofan 10 juwan dyaÅn dyoan overwhelming majority ± gradually replaced Manchu in all official and literary contexts. From George L. Campbell, Compendium of the world's languages (London: Routledge, 1991) The Tungusic languages Even or Lamut has 7,000 speakers in Sakha, the Kamchatka peninsula and the eastern Siberian The mountain forest coast ofRussia.