Ethnologue report for Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) Page 1 of 16 Languages of Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) See language map. Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara). 7,961,540 (2000 census). Population includes 3,370,000 in West Nusa Tenggara (1993), 3,269,000 in East Nusa Tenggara (1993). Information mainly from C. Grimes, T. Therik, B. D. Grimes, and M. Jacob 1997. The number of languages listed for Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) is 73. Of those, all are living languages. Living languages Abui [abz] 16,000. Ethnic population: 16,000 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Central and western Alor in the Lesser Sundas. Alternate names: Barue, "Barawahing", Namatalaki. Dialects: Atimelang, Kobola, Alakaman. Much dialect diversity. The Alakaman dialect may be a dialect of Kamang (Woisika). May be more than one language. Classification: Trans-New Guinea, South Bird's Head-Timor-Alor-Pantar, Timor-Alor-Pantar, Makasai-Alor-Pantar, Alor More information. Adang [adn] 31,814 (2000 WCD). Northwestern (Bird's Head) Alor Island in the Lesser Sundas. Alternate names: Alor. Dialects: Aimoli. On the basis of linguistic differences and social identity, it is considered a separate language from Kabola. Classification: Trans-New Guinea, South Bird's Head-Timor-Alor-Pantar, Timor-Alor-Pantar, Makasai-Alor-Pantar, Alor More information. Adonara [adr] 16,967 (2000 WCD). Adonara Island, and eastern Solor Island, between Flores and Lembata. Alternate names: Nusa Tadon, Waiwerang, Vaiverang, Sagu. Dialects: West Adonara, East Adonara, East Solor. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo- Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Central Malayo- Polynesian, Timor, Flores-Lembata More information. Alor [aol] 25,000 (1997 Grimes, Therik, Grimes, Jacob). West and south of Bird's Head of Alor, north Ternate Island, pockets along northern Pantar and adjacent islands. Alternate names: http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=IDN 2/28/2008 Ethnologue report for Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) Page 2 of 16 Alorese. Dialects: Speakers oriented toward Lembata and Adonara, but Alor is not inherently intelligible with those languages. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo- Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Central Malayo- Polynesian, Timor, Flores-Lembata More information. Amarasi [aaz] 50,000 (1997 C. Grimes, Therik, B. D. Grimes, Jacob). Ethnic population: 60,000 (2001 C. Grimes). Southwestern tip, Timor Island. Kotos is central and east, Ro'is is west, Ro'is Tais Nonof is southern, Ro'is Hero is surrounded by the Helong. 24 townships. Alternate names: Timor Amarasi. Dialects: Kotos, Ro'is, Ro'is Tais Nonof, Ro'is Hero (Kopa). Closest to Uab Meto, but a separate language with differences in phonology, vocabulary, and discourse, with semantic shifts, structural differences, intelligibility problems. Ro'is Tais Nonof has intonation like Ro'is, vocabulary like Kotos. There are differences in speech in speaking to a king, nobility, or commoner. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Central Malayo-Polynesian, Timor, Nuclear Timor, West More information. Anakalangu [akg] 14,000. Ethnic population: 14,000 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Sumba Island, southwest coast, east of Wanukaka. Alternate names: Anakalang. Dialects: Close to, but unintelligible to speakers of Wejewa, Mamboru, Wanukaka, and Lamboya. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Central Malayo-Polynesian, Bima-Sumba More information. Bilba [bpz] 7,000 (2002 UKAW). Ethnic population: 7,000. Rote Island east, domains of Bilba, Diu, and Lelenuk. West of Ringgou. Communities on Semau Island and Timor mainland near Kupang. Alternate names: Rote, Roti, Rotinese, Rote Timur, Eastern Rote, Belubaa, Bilbaa. Dialects: Bilba, Diu, Lelenuk. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central- Eastern, Central Malayo-Polynesian, Timor, Nuclear Timor, West More information. Bima [bhp] 500,000 (1989). Sunda Islands, eastern Sumbawa Island, east of the isthmus. Alternate names: Bimanese. Dialects: Kolo, Sangar http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=IDN 2/28/2008 Ethnologue report for Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) Page 3 of 16 (Sanggar), Toloweri, Bima, Mbojo. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo- Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Central Malayo- Polynesian, Bima-Sumba More information. Blagar [beu] 11,000 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Ethnic population: 11,000. Eastern Pantar, northern Pura, southern Ternate islands, Lesser Sundas. Alternate names: Belagar, Tarang. Dialects: Apuri, Limarahing, Bakalang, Pura. The Retta variety on south Pura is thought to be a separate language by 2 Alorese. Classification: Trans-New Guinea, South Bird's Head-Timor-Alor-Pantar, Timor-Alor-Pantar, Makasai-Alor-Pantar, Pantar More information. Bunak [bfn] 50,000 in Indonesia (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin). Ethnic population: 50,000. Central interior Timor Island, south coast. Alternate names: Buna', Bunake, Bunaq. Classification: Trans-New Guinea, South Bird's Head-Timor- Alor-Pantar, Timor-Alor-Pantar, Bunak More information. Dela-Oenale [row] 7,000 (2002 UKAW). Ethnic population: 7,000. Rote Island west coast, domains of Dela and Oe Nale. Alternate names: Rote, Roti, Rotinese, Rote Barat, Western Rote, Delha, Oe Nale. Dialects: Dela (Delha), Oenale (Oe Nale). Dela-Oenale seems to be between Dengka and Dhao. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central- Eastern, Central Malayo-Polynesian, Timor, Nuclear Timor, West More information. Dengka [dnk] 20,000 (2002 UKAW). Ethnic population: 20,000. Rote Island northwest, domains of Dengka and Lelain, east of Dela-Oenale, west of Lole (Ba'a). Alternate names: Rote, Roti, Rotinese, Rote Barat, Western Rote. Dialects: Western Dengka, Eastern Dengka, Lelain. Western Dengka has marked intonation; some 'ngg' in Eastern Dengka becomes 'nd' in Western Dengka. Some vocabulary of Western Dengka is like Dhao. Dengka and Dela-Oenale are more divergent from other languages on Rote. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo- Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Central Malayo- Polynesian, Timor, Nuclear Timor, West More information. http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=IDN 2/28/2008 Ethnologue report for Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) Page 4 of 16 Dhao [nfa] 5,000 (1997 Ranoh). Island of Ndao, scattered on Rote, and Timor. Alternate names: Ndao, Dao, Ndaonese, Ndaundau. Dialects: Related to Sabu. Difficult phonology. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo- Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Central Malayo- Polynesian, Bima-Sumba More information. Ende [end] 87,000 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Population includes 78,000 Ende, 9,000 Nga'o. South central Flores, west of Sikka, Lesser Sundas. Alternate names: Endeh. Dialects: Ende (Endeh, Ja'o, Djau), Nga'o (Ngao, West Ende). Dialect cluster. Li'o is on the border between a separate language or dialect of Ende. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Central Malayo-Polynesian, Bima-Sumba, Ende-Lio More information. Hamap [hmu] 1,294 (2000 WCD). Kalabahi Bay, across from Kalabahi city, around Moru town. 2 villages. Migration in 1947 from Mo'eng, a few kilometers to the south. Still on their traditional land, but now in an interethnic community with Kui speakers. 18 km by road from Kalabahi. Dialects: Said to be intelligible with the Adang- Aimoli dialect of Kabola, but 'Kabola' is associated with the Bird's Head area of Alor. Structural and lexical differences with Kabola. Classification: Trans-New Guinea, South Bird's Head-Timor-Alor-Pantar, Timor-Alor-Pantar, Makasai-Alor-Pantar, Alor More information. Helong [heg] 14,000 (1997 Grimes, Therik, Grimes, Jacob). Ethnic population: 15,000 to 20,000. Western tip of Timor Island near the port of Tenau (4 villages), in and around Kupang, extending across the island to the Amarasi Region, and most villages on Semau Island. Alternate names: Helon, Semau, Kupang. Dialects: Helong Pulau (Semau, Island Helong), Helong Darat (Bolok), Funai (Land Helong). 2 groups which have minor dialect differences: Helong Darat on the Timor mainland and Helong Pulau on Semau Island. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo- Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Central Malayo- Polynesian, Timor, Helong More information. Ile Ape [ila] North Lembata (Lomblen Island), including http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=IDN 2/28/2008 Ethnologue report for Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara) Page 5 of 16 Ile Ape volcanic peninsula and nearby mainland Lembata. North Ile Ape is on the peninsula, South Ile Ape is on the mainland. Alternate names: Nusa Tadon. Dialects: North Ile Ape, South Ile Ape. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central- Eastern, Central Malayo-Polynesian, Timor, Flores-Lembata More information. Kabola [klz] 3,900 (1995 N. Johnston). Northwestern (Bird's Head) Alor Island in the Lesser Sundas. Dialects: Pintumbang, Tang'ala, Meibuil, Otvai, Kebun Kopi. The names and locations of the dialect in Wurm and Hattori (1981) are disputed by native speakers. May be more than one language. On the basis of linguistic differences and social identity, is best considered a separate language from Adang. Classification: Trans-New Guinea, South Bird's Head-Timor- Alor-Pantar, Timor-Alor-Pantar, Makasai-Alor- Pantar, Alor More information. Kafoa [kpu] 1,000 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Ethnic population: 1,000. Southwest Alor Island, north of Aluben, between Abui and Kelong languages. Alternate names: Jafoo, Ruilak, Aikoli, Fanating, Pailelang. Classification: Trans-New Guinea, South Bird's Head-Timor- Alor-Pantar, Timor-Alor-Pantar, Makasai-Alor- Pantar, Alor More information. Kamang [woi] 16,522 (2000 WCD). Alor Island, east central, between