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Spring 2013 Uss Shark Florida Keys Sea Heritage Journal VOL. 23 NO. 3 SPRING 2013 USS SHARK OFFICIAL QUARTERLY PUBLICATION OF THE KEY WEST MARITIME HISTORICAL SOCIETY Log of the Revenue Cutter Marion By John Viele A topsail schooner mounting six guns and flying a red and white, vertically-striped ensign rounded into the wind and dropped anchor in the harbor of Key West. Crewmen furled the sails and then lowered a boat into the water. Four seamen in blue uniform jackets, white trousers, and broad-brimmed black hats manned the boat and, when the captain had boarded, rowed him ashore. The date was January 26, 1829 and the schooner was the U.S. Revenue Cutter Marion under orders to report to the collector of customs and receive instructions for conducting another of her periodic anti-smuggling patrols in the Keys. Commanded by Captain John Jackson, the Marion was 65 feet long and displaced 78 tons. With her large sail area and clipper-shaped hull she was able to outsail almost any vessel she met with. Four John J. Audubon and his dog. Photo credit: Monroe County Library. 18-pounder carronades and two 4- pounder long guns backed up her greeted Capt. Jackson and inquired certain wreckers from Indian Key authority to enforce U.S. revenue about his voyage. The captain told who he suspected were smuggling laws. In addition to the captain and him he had lost one of his boats in cargos they salvaged from wrecks. two lieutenants, she was manned by a gale but that it had been replaced The Marion’s log for the period a crew of 20 including a boatswain, at Savannah and he would be ready 1829 to 1832 has been preserved on gunner, carpenter, sailmaker, cook, to begin operations as soon as he microfilm at the National Archives. and steward. finished gathering stove wood and During those years the Marion’s At the custom house, William filling water tanks. Pinckney told home station was Charleston, but Pinckney, collector of customs, the captain to be on the lookout for (Continued on page 3) SocietyNews by Tom Hambright The Florida Keys Sea Heritage Journal is published quarterly. Subscription is available through membership. Copyright 2013 by The Oldest House on Duval Street in 1865. Photo credit: Monroe County Library. the Key West Maritime Historical Society of the Florida Keys, Inc. In this issue we have another Florida had an ample supply of The art on the masthead, the USS month of the Henry Hornbeck’s cattle which the south desperately Shark, was drawn by Bill Muir. diary of his experience in Key West needed to feed the Confederate during the Civil War. Army and civilians, but lacked any Editor: Tom Hambright As the nation remembers the means to ship live beef to the market. 150th anniversary of that great war The beef could only be salted and and the battles at Gettysburg and shipped. Florida lacking a natural Letters and articles are welcome. Vicksburg in the summer of 1863 supply of salt set up a number of salt Please write to: Editor, Florida Keys that would decide the war for the making works along the coast. The Sea Heritage Journal, KWMHS, Union, what part did Florida and navy operating with the army was P.O. Box 695, Key West, FL Key West play in the War? able to destroyed salt works along 33041 or visit our web site Florida, a Confederate State, was the west coast of Florida. Keywestmaritime.org. removed the scene of the action in Key West also provided a safe Virginia and along the Mississippi haven for Union loyalist from the Key West Maritime River and did not play a major part south and for escaped slaves who Historical Society of the outcome of the war except made their way to Key West were Board of Directors for Key West. Key West was the many joined the military. The influx only southern city to remain in of people along with the devastated President: Corey Malcom the Union for the war and was economy of the rest of the state Vice President: Bill Verge symbol to the rest of the Nation. It resulted in Key West becoming the Secretary: Andrea Comstock served as headquarters of the Gulf largest city in Florida for the next Treasurer: Tom Hambright Blocking Squadron that captured thirty years. over 200 blockade running vessels Another lasting legacy is the attempting to take needed goods to surviving photographs from the George Craig the south and bring out cotton to be 1860s. The military men had extra J. Gregory Griffin sold on the international market. money and the local photographer Bill Grosscup The blockade also hampered the was happy to sell these memories of Mary Haffenreffer Confederate States communication their service during the war which John Jones with the English government in the was shipped home. Some of these Sheri Lohr Bahamas and the Spanish in Cuba. are featured in this issue. Julie McEnroe Windy Tucker New Members John Viele Dr James M. Denham, Lakeland, Key West; Bernie & Janice Miller, Robert J. Wolz Florida; INTERLOC Inc., Delray Jupiter, Florida; Carol Tedesco, Key Beach, Florida; Karen McCartry, West. 2 - FLORIDA KEYS SEA HERITAGE JOURNAL - SPRING 2013 (Marion from page 1) in Newfound Harbor. That night patrolling the Keys and one-third in the cutter anchored in Bahia port at Key West, reprovisioning she conducted patrols in the Keys on Honda harbor. At 3 o’clock in and performing ship’s maintenance. an average of three times a year. The the morning, the barge returned, Despite the reported prevalence Marion’s log, in conjunction with “having been to windward as far of smuggling in the Keys, other sources, provides a unique as Indian Key.” Considering the apprehensions were rare. Out of view of revenue cutter operations in total lack of navigational aids and 117 boardings recorded in the log, the early years of Keys settlement. the poor charts then available, the only two vessels were caught with In fact, in 1829, Key West had first lieutenant’s feat in sailing from unmanifested cargo. A Spanish only been settled for seven years Indian Key to Bahia Honda in the schooner bound to New Orleans from but, in that short space of time, had middle of the night bears witness Havana was found to have 6,000 grown to be an important seaport as to the exceptional seamanship and “Spanish segars” not included in her well as the center of rapidly growing navigational skills of the revenue manifest. A more serious violation wrecking and fishing industries. cutter seamen. was discovered on board a sloop Two other small settlements at Key After a stop at Key West, the in the Dry Tortugas. The sloop’s Vaca and Indian Key were also Marion sailed westward to the captain told the boarding officer he engaged in wrecking. For over a Dry Tortugas. Sighting two fishing was bound for New London from hundred years, the many uninhabited smacks, she took up chase. When Key West in ballast, i.e., no cargo. islands, shallow waters, dangerous they failed to heave to, Captain The boarding officer was suspicious reefs, and uncharted channels Jackson ordered a musket fired. As because the Dry Tortugas are not had made the Keys a haven for they continued to sail on, he ordered on the route between Key West and pirates, privateers, and smugglers. the gun crew to fire a cannon, first New London. Upon opening the Unscrupulous wreckers would hide with a blank charge and then twice cargo hatches, he saw a number of salvaged cargos on remote Keys “shotted.” Seeing the splash of cotton bales. It was apparent that and await a favorable opportunity cannon balls close aboard, the at some previous date, the sloop’s to dispose of them without legal fishing captains luffed up and captain had concealed the cotton, proceedings or paying duty. It was resigned themselves to a visit from salvaged from a wreck, on one of Marion’s mission to stop smuggling the cutter’s boarding officer. If any the Tortugas islands. After clearing and enforce compliance with violations were found, they were Key West in ballast, he had returned revenue laws which, before the days not noted in the log. On that same to the island and loaded the cotton. of income taxes, were the principal day, the Marion’s officers boarded The sloop was ordered to return source of income for operating the seven more fishing and wrecking to Key West and surrender to the U.S. Government. vessels at the Tortugas. collector of customs. The following narrative, derived Sailing back to the east, the One of the Marion’s biggest from them Marion’s log for part of Marion cruised off the lower Keys problems while operating in the January and February, 1829, typifies for another week during which Keys was obtaining sufficient her operations in the Keys. On two large square-riggers bound for quantities of fresh water. Supplies January 29th, the Marion departed New Orleans were boarded and at Key West often ran low and, Key West, sailed eastward, and inspected. While anchored in Bahia on one occasion, the cutter was anchored that night off the Saddle Honda harbor one night, a heavy forced to sail to Havana to fill her Bunch Keys. In the morning, gale struck. The officer on watch tanks because there was no water the captain dispatched the first called out all hands to lower the available in Key West. lieutenant and five men in the barge yards and house the topmasts (to The crew subsisted principally (one of the cutter’s two boats) to reduce windage aloft) and veer out on pickled or salted beef and pork patrol among the shallow waters of more anchor line.
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