Appendix a —Nonnative Invasive Plant Species Not to Be Used Or Recommended for Ornamental, Landscapes, Food/Herbal Plantings, Or Water Gardens
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110 Appendix A —Nonnative Invasive Plant Species Not to be Used or Recommended for Ornamental, Landscapes, Food/Herbal Plantings, or Water Gardens Most of the southern plant invasions have started from escaped ornamental plantings that have occurred over 400 years and continue today. The increasing deluge of aquatic invasive plants destroying native communities that inhabit our natural waters and wetlands are coming from those used and discarded from home water gardens. Homeowners are free to plant and “over the fence” discard a full range of commercially available plants without regard to their inva- siveness unless restricted by local, State, and Federal regulations (mainly focused on agricultural pest introductions) or community covenants. Some, like English ivy, silverthorn, Bradford pear, and silver plumegrass are even required by some subdivision covenants. Many of these escaped ornamentals are now widely recognized and listed as invasive species, but consumers are unaware or complacent of the real dangers they pose to natural communities as they replace our native plants. Invasive plant species are still frequently recommended in State horticultural extension bulletins and manuals. The threat is worsened as both traditional and new invasive plant species are mass produced by the plant industry and sold through large and small outlets that are essentially insulated from the current knowledge of the incurred societal costs. Landscape architects have been trained to select invasive plants for creating ornamental and horticultural landscapes with repeated composition and plant forms with little or no understanding of the greater consequences. Other invasive plants can be bought through the Internet, especially those used in oriental cooking and herbal mix- tures. The most aware and bothered public are those that must persistently fight back invasive plants taking over their properties and parks plagued by unwise planting choices by neighbors, communities, cities, and highway departments. This is a “do not plant” list of invasive ornamental (and some oriental food and herbal) plants recognized and listed by State and Federal Agencies and exotic pest plant councils. As a good neighbor and land steward, please do not plant these plants and remove any that already exist from your property. Even a small number of plants can cause eventual destruction to the healthy surrounding plant communities and their environment. Wind, water, birds, and mammals are perpetually transporting ornamental invasive plant parts, fruit, and seed throughout the urban, suburban, and rural landscapes. These escaped plants move outward to invade surrounding lands and waterways. With your individual invasive plant management efforts and conscientious use of noninvasive plants in your landscape, we can assure a better future for coming generations. Please ask ornamental plant growers and outlets not to grow or sell these plants. It is recognized that seed viability can vary by cultivar and populations, while hybridization can result in increased viability. Invasive Trees Do Not Plant These Invasive Trees Amur maple Acer ginnala Maxim. Norway maple Acer platanoides L. Sycamore maple Acer pseudoplatanus L. Tree-of-heaven Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle Silktree, mimosa Albizia julibrissin Durazz. Paper mulberry Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L’Hér. ex Vent. Camphortree Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl Australian pine, sheoak (all species) Casuarina spp. Rumph. ex L. Russian olive Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Chinese parasoltree Firmiana simplex (L.) W. Wight Glossy buckthorn Frangula alnus Mill. Melaleuca, paperbark Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.F. Blake Chinaberrytree Melia azedarach L. White mulberry Morus alba L. Princesstree, paulownia Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Siebold & Zucc. ex Steud. Japanese black pine Pinus thunbergii Parl. Hardy orange Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. continued 111 Appendix A —Nonnative Invasive Plant Species Not to be Used or Recommended for Ornamental, Landscapes, Food/Herbal Plantings, or Water Gardens (continued) Invasive Trees (continued) Do Not Plant These Invasive Trees (continued) White poplar Populus alba L. Callery pear, Bradford pear Pyrus calleryana Decne. Common buckthorn Rhamnus cathartica L. Rose myrtle Rhodomyrtus tomentosus (Aiton) Hassk Octopus tree, schefflera Schefflera actinophylla (Endl.) Harms Peruvian peppertree Schinus molle L. Brazilian peppertree Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi Java plum Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Tamarisk (all species) Tamarix spp. L. Tallowtree, popcorntree Triadica sebifera (L.) Small Siberian elm Ulmus pumila L. Tungoil tree Vernicia fordii (Hemsl.) Airy-Shaw Common jujube Ziziphus zizyphus (L.) Karst. Invasive Shrubs Do Not Plant These Invasive Shrubs Japanese barberry Berberis thunbergii DC. Common barberry Berberis vulgaris L. Butterflybush Buddleja davidii Franch. Scotch broom Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link Silverthorn, thorny olive Elaeagnus pungens Thunb. Autumn olive Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. Winged burning bush Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Seibold Chinese holly Ilex cornuta Lindl. & Paxton Japanese holly Ilex crenata Thunb. Lantana Lantana camara L. Shrubby or bicolor lespedeza Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. Thunberg’s lespedeza Lespedeza thunbergii (DC.) Nakai Japanese privet Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. Glossy privet Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton Border privet Ligustrum obtusifolium Siebold & Zucc. California privet Ligustrum ovalifolium Hassk. Chinese privet Ligustrum sinense Lour. European privet Ligustrum vulgare L. Bell’s honeysuckle Lonicera × bella Zabel [morrowii × tatarica] Sweet breath of spring Lonicera fragrantissima Lindl. & Paxton Amur honeysuckle Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Herder Morrow’s honeysuckle Lonicera morrowi A. Gray Tatarian honeysuckle Lonicera tatarica L. Dwarf honeysuckle Lonicera xylosteum L. Leatherleaf mahonia Mahonia bealei (Fortune) Carrière continued 112 Appendix A —Nonnative Invasive Plant Species Not to be Used or Recommended for Ornamental, Landscapes, Food/Herbal Plantings, or Water Gardens (continued) Invasive Shrubs (continued) Do Not Plant These Invasive Shrubs (continued) Sacred bamboo, nandina Nandina domestica Thunb. Strawberry guava Psidium cattleianum Sabine Japanese knotweed Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zucc. Common pear Pyrus communis L. Castorbean Ricinus communis L. Macartney rose Rosa bracteata J. C. Wendl. Cherokee rose Rosa laevigata Michx. Multiflora rose Rosa multiflora Thunb. Rugosa rose Rosa rugosa Thunb. Himalayan blackberry Rubus armeniacus Focke Wine raspberry Rubus phoenicolasius Maxim. Japanese meadowsweet Spiraea japonica L. f. Common gorse Ulex europaeus L. Linden arrowwood Viburnum dilatatum Thunb. Invasive Vines Do Not Plant These Invasive Vines Five-leaf akebia, chocolate vine Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Decne. Amur peppervine, porcelain berry Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Trautv. Bushkiller Cayratia japonica (Thunb.) Gagnep. Oriental bittersweet Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. Sweet autumn virginsbower Clematis terniflora DC. Winged yam Dioscorea alata L. Air-potato Dioscorea bulbifera L. Chinese yam Dioscorea oppositifolia L. Winter creeper Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Hand.-Maz. Ground ivy, creeping charlie Glechoma hederacea L. Japanese hop Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc. Swamp morning-glory Ipomoea aquatica Forssk. Gloria de la manana, shrub morning-glory Ipomoea carnea ssp. fistulosa (Mart. ex Choisy) D. Austin Redstar, red morning-glory Ipomoea coccinea L. Ivyleaf morning-glory Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. Japanese honeysuckle Lonicera japonica Thunb. Colchis ivy or Persian ivy Hedera colchica (K. Koch) K. Koch. English ivy Hedera helix L. Atlantic Ivy or Irish ivy Hedera hibernica (G. Kirchn.) Bean Catclawvine Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) A.H. Gentry Skunk vine Paederia foetida L. Chinese wisteria Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC. Japanese wisteria Wisteria floribunda (Willd.) DC. Common periwinkle Vinca minor L. (vegetative spread) Bigleaf periwinkle Vinca major L. (vegetative spread) continued 113 Appendix A —Nonnative Invasive Plant Species Not to be Used or Recommended for Ornamental, Landscapes, Food/Herbal Plantings, or Water Gardens (continued) Invasive Grasses and Canes Do Not Plant These Invasive Grasses and Canes Giant reed Arundo donax L. (vegetative spread) Black bamboo Bambusa spp. Schreb. Uruguayan pampas grass Cortaderia selloana (Schult. & Schult. f.) Asch. & Graebn. Weeping lovegrass Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees Japanese bloodgrass, Red Baron grass Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. Chinese silvergrass Miscanthus sinensis Andersson Crimson fountaingrass Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov. Golden bamboo Phyllostachys aurea Carrière ex A. Rivière & C. Rivière Invasive Ferns Do Not Plant These Invasive Ferns Japanese climbing fern Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.) Sw. Small-leaf climbing fern Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br. Narrow swordfern, Boston fern Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C. Presl Invasive Forbs Do Not Plant These Invasive Forbs Corn cockle Agrostemma githago L. Garlic mustard Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande Coco yam, elephant’s ears Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott Queen Anne’s lace, wild carrot Daucus carota L. Orange daylily Hemerocallis fulva (L.) L. Ornamental jewelweed Impatiens glandulifera Royle Yellow flag iris Iris pseudacorus L. Chinese lespedeza, serecia Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don Big blue lilyturf Liriope muscari (Decne.) L.H. Bailey Creeping liriope Liriope spicata (Thunb.) Lour. Purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria L. Crownvetch Securigera varia (L.)