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Cyphostemma Juttae SCORE: -2.0 RATING: Low Risk (Dinter & Gilg) Desc

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Cyphostemma Juttae SCORE: -2.0 RATING: Low Risk (Dinter & Gilg) Desc TAXON: Cyphostemma juttae SCORE: -2.0 RATING: Low Risk (Dinter & Gilg) Desc. Taxon: Cyphostemma juttae (Dinter & Gilg) Desc. Family: Vitaceae Common Name(s): Namibian grape Synonym(s): Cissus juttae Dinter & Gilg tree grape wild grape Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 14 Sep 2016 WRA Score: -2.0 Designation: L Rating: Low Risk Keywords: Succulent Tree, Ornamental, Toxic, Fire-Resistant, Fleshy-Fruit Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 n 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 y 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 y 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 y 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle Creation Date: 14 Sep 2016 (Cyphostemma juttae Page 1 of 13 (Dinter & Gilg) Desc.) TAXON: Cyphostemma juttae SCORE: -2.0 RATING: Low Risk (Dinter & Gilg) Desc. Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone 410 y=1, n=0 y conditions if not a volcanic island) 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 n 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs 504 y=1, n=0 n -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native 601 y=1, n=0 n habitat 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally 604 Self-compatible or apomictic 605 Requires specialist pollinators 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 n 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 >3 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants 701 y=1, n=-1 n growing in heavily trafficked areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 n 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 706 Propagules bird dispersed 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 n 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 802 yr) 803 Well controlled by herbicides 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced 805 biocontrol agents) Creation Date: 14 Sep 2016 (Cyphostemma juttae Page 2 of 13 (Dinter & Gilg) Desc.) TAXON: Cyphostemma juttae SCORE: -2.0 RATING: Low Risk (Dinter & Gilg) Desc. Supporting Data: Qsn # Question Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? n Source(s) Notes [No evidence of domestication] "Rationale: Known from between 20 and 30 sub-populations and locations; no significant continuing decline in number of mature plants known. Habitat: North-facing rocky slopes of dolomite hills and mountains; open woodland; shrubland; grassland; well drained rocky, sandy-loam soil and sand Loots, S. 2005. Red Data Book of Namibian plants. (WIND, 2002); ϭϬϬϬʹϭϮϬϬm. Threats: Collecting and pachycaul trade Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. potential threats but extent thereof unknown: sought after by 38. SABONET, Pretoria and Windhoek succulent collectors, gardeners, landscapers. Additional notes: Locally very rare, occasional or common; stem sap said to be poisonous and has formed an ingredient in bushmen arrow poison; reasonable recruitment observed in one sub-population (WIND, 2002)." 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2016. Personal Communication NA 103 Does the species have weedy races? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2016. Personal Communication NA Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" Source(s) Notes USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network, "Native: 2016. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Africa Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. Southern Africa: Namibia" [Accessed 14 Sep 2016] 202 Quality of climate match data High Source(s) Notes USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network, 2016. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. [Accessed 14 Sep 2016] Creation Date: 14 Sep 2016 (Cyphostemma juttae Page 3 of 13 (Dinter & Gilg) Desc.) TAXON: Cyphostemma juttae SCORE: -2.0 RATING: Low Risk (Dinter & Gilg) Desc. Qsn # Question Answer 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) n Source(s) Notes "Hardiness: Dave's Garden. 2016. Succulent Grape - Cyphostemma USDA Zone 9b: to -3.8 °C (25 °F) juttae. http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/57851/. USDA Zone 10a: to -1.1 °C (30 °F) [Accessed 14 Sep 2016] USDA Zone 10b: to 1.7 °C (35 °F) USDA Zone 11: above 4.5 °C (40 °F)" Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y subtropical climates Source(s) Notes USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network, "Native: 2016. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Africa Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. Southern Africa: Namibia" [Accessed 14 Sep 2016] Does the species have a history of repeated 205 y introductions outside its natural range? Source(s) Notes "This plant has been said to grow in the following regions: Apache Junction, Arizona Bostonia, California Carlsbad, California Clayton, California Encino, California Fallbrook, California Glen Avon, Dave's Garden. 2016. Succulent Grape - Cyphostemma California Hayward, California Huntington Beach, California Long juttae. http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/57851/. Beach, California Los Angeles, California Norwalk, California [Accessed 14 Sep 2016] Orange, California Reseda, California San Leandro, California Simi Valley, California Thousand Oaks, California (2 reports) Tulare, California Vista, California Altamonte Springs, Florida" 301 Naturalized beyond native range n Source(s) Notes Randall, R.P. 2012. A Global Compendium of Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western No evidence Australia Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R.& Lorence, D.H. 2016. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands. Smithsonian Institution, No evidence to date Washington, D.C. http://botany.si.edu/. [Accessed 14 Sep 2016] 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n Source(s) Notes Randall, R.P. 2012. A Global Compendium of Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western No evidence Australia 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n Creation Date: 14 Sep 2016 (Cyphostemma juttae Page 4 of 13 (Dinter & Gilg) Desc.) TAXON: Cyphostemma juttae SCORE: -2.0 RATING: Low Risk (Dinter & Gilg) Desc. Qsn # Question Answer Source(s) Notes Randall, R.P. 2012. A Global Compendium of Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western No evidence Australia 304 Environmental weed n Source(s) Notes Randall, R.P. 2012. A Global Compendium of Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western No evidence Australia 305 Congeneric weed n Source(s) Notes Randall, R.P. 2012. A Global Compendium of Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western No evidence Australia 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs n Source(s) Notes "The tree grape is a slow-growing succulent with a huge swollen Voigt, W. 2002. Cyphostemma juttae (Dinter & Gilg) Desc. trunk (caudiciform)." ... "Leaves are large, shiny, ovate, fleshy and PlantZAfrica. SANBI. toothed and fall off during the winter months. Flowers are http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantcd/cyphastemjut.htm. inconspicuous, but the large grape-like bunches of bright wine- [Accessed 14 Sep 2016] coloured berries near the end of summer make this succulent a true showpiece for container and garden alike." 402 Allelopathic Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2016. Personal Communication Unknown 403 Parasitic n Source(s) Notes Kubitzki, K., Bayer, C. 7 Stevens, P.F. 2007. The families "Erect, prostrate or climbing shrubs and herbs, sometimes with and genera of vascular plants: Volume IX. Flowering fleshy stems; hermaphrodite; tendrils leaf-opposed or 0, without Plants. Eudicots. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New adhesive disks." [Vitaceae. Generic Description of Cyphostemma. No York evidence] Creation Date: 14 Sep 2016 (Cyphostemma juttae Page 5 of 13 (Dinter & Gilg) Desc.) TAXON: Cyphostemma juttae SCORE: -2.0 RATING: Low Risk (Dinter & Gilg) Desc. Qsn # Question Answer 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y Source(s) Notes LLIFLE - Encyclopedia of living forms. 2016. Cyphostemma juttae. "The plant͛s acrid taste and poisonous qualities help keep hungry http://www.llifle.com/Encyclopedia/SUCCULENTS/Family/ animals away." Vitaceae/11031/Cyphostemma_juttae.
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