Managing Academic Staff in Changing University Systems: International Trends and Comparisons
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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 434 586 HE 032 364 AUTHOR Farnham, David, Ed. TITLE Managing Academic Staff in Changing University Systems: International Trends and Comparisons. INSTITUTION Society for Research into Higher Education, Ltd., London (England). ISBN ISBN-0-335-19961-5 PUB DATE 1999-00-00 NOTE 376p. AVAILABLE FROM Open University Press, 325 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19106. Web site: <http://www.openup.co.uk>. PUB TYPE Books (010) Collected Works - General (020) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC16 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *College Faculty; Cross Cultural Studies; *Educational Administration; *Educational Policy; Foreign Countries; *Higher Education; Human Resources; Legislation; Public Policy; Teacher Salaries; Teaching (Occupation); Universities ABSTRACT This collection of 17 essays focuses on how faculty are employed, rewarded, and managed at universities in developed and developing nations. The essays, which include an introduction, 10 essays discussing European practices, two that focus on Canada and the United States, three which focus on Australia, Japan, and Malaysia, and a concluding chapter are: (1)"Managing Universities and Regulating Academic Labour Markets" (David Farnham); (2) "Belgium: Diverging Professions in Twin Communities" (Jef C. Verhoeven and Ilse Beuselinck); (3) "Finland: Searching for Performance and Flexibility" (Turo Virtanen); (4) "France: A Centrally-Driven Profession" (June Burnham); (5) "Germany: A Dual Academy" (Tassilo Herrschel); (6) "Ireland: A Two-Tier Structure" (Thomas N. Garavan, Patrick Gunnigle, and Michael Morley); (7) "Italy: A Corporation Controlling a System in Collapse" (William Brierley); (8) "The Netherlands: Reshaping the Employment Relationship" (Egbert de Weert); (9) "Spain: Old Elite or New Meritocracy?" (Salavador Parrado-Diez); (10) "Sweden: Professional Diversity in an Egalitarian System" (Berit Askling); (11) "The United Kingdom: End of the Donnish Dominion?" (David Farnham); (12) "Canada: Neo-Conservative Challenges to Faculty and Their Unions" (Donald C. Savage);(13) "The United States: Self-Governed Profession or Managed Occupation?" (Sylvia Horton);(14) "Australia: From Collegiality to Corporatism" (Robert Kelso and Christopher Leggett); (15) "Japan: Collegiality in a Paternalist System" (Kiyoshi Yamamoto);(16) "Malaysia: An Emerging Professional Group" (Mohamed Salleh Hj Din and Bala Shanmugam); and (17) "Towards the Flexi-University?" (David Farnham). Each essay includes references; contains an index..(MDM) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** The Society for Research into Higher Education tff Ch(40,noin University ytems International Trends and Comparisons BEST COPY AVAILABLE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS CENTER (ERIC) BEEN GRANTED BY t211-his document has been reproducedas received from the person or organization originating it. 2 Minor changes have been made to edited by improve reproduction quality. David Farnham Points of view or opinions stated in this TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES document do not necessarily represent INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) official OERI position or policy. 1 Managing Academic Staff in Changing University Systems 3 SRHE and Open University Press Imprint General Editor: Heather Eggins Current titles include: Catherine Bargh, Peter Scott and David Smith: Governing Universities Ronald Barnett: Improving Higher Education: Total Quality Care Ronald Barnett: The Idea of Higher Education Ronald Barnett: The Limits of Competence Ronald Barnett: Higher Education: A Critical Business John Bird: Black Students and Higher Education Jean Bocock and David Watson (eds): Managing the Curriculum David Boud et al. (eds): Using Experience for Learning Angela Brew (ed.): Directions in Staff Development Anne Brockbank and Ian McGill: Facilitating Reflective Learning in Higher Education Ann. Brooks: Academic Women Robert G. Burgess (ed.): Beyond the First Degree Frank Coffield and Bill Williamson (eds): Repositioning Higher Education John Cowan: On Becoming an Innovative University Teacher Rob Cuthbert (ed.): Working in Higher Education Heather Eggins (ed.): Women as Leaders and Managers in Higher Education G.R. Evans: Calling Academia to Account David Farnham (ed.): Managing Academic Staff in Changing University Systems Shirley Fisher: Stress in Academic Life Sinclair Goodlad: The Quest for Quality Diana Green (ed.): What is Quality in Higher Education? Robin Middlehurst: Leading Academics Sarah Neal: The Making of Equal Opportunities Policies in Universities David Palfreyman and David Warner (eds): Higher Education and the Law Moira Peelo: Helping Students with Study Problems John Pratt: The Polytechnic Experiment Tom Schuller (ed.): The Changing University? Peter Scott (ed.): The Globalization of Higher Education Peter Scott: The Meanings of Mass Higher Education Harold Silver and Pamela Silver: Students Anthony Smith and Frank Webster (eds): The Postmodern University? Imogen Taylor: Developing Learning in Professional Education Paul R. Trowler: Academics Responding to Change David Warner and Elaine Crosthwaite (eds): Human Resource Management in Higher and Further Education David Warner and Charles Leonard: The Income Generation Handbook (Second Edition) David Warner and David Palfreyman (eds): Higher Education Management Graham Webb: Understanding Staff Development Sue Wheeler and Jan Birtle: A Handbook for Personal Tutors Managing Academic Staff in Changing University Systems International Trends and Comparisons Edited by David Farnham The Society for Research into Higher Education & Open University Press Published by SRHE and Open University Press Celtic Court 22 Ballmoor Buckingham MK18 1XW email: [email protected] world wide web: http://www.openup.co.uk and 325 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA First published 1999 Copyright © The editor and contributors 1999 All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposes of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the publisher or a licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited. Details of such licences (for reprographic reproduction) may be obtained from the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd of 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1P 9HE. A catalogue record of this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0 335 19961 5 (hb) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Managing academic staff in changing university systems : international trends and comparisons / edited by David Farnham. p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-335-19961-5 (hc.) 1. College personnel managementCross-cultural studies. 2. Universities and collegesFacultyCross-cultural studies. 3. Universities and collegesEmployeesCross-cultural studies. 4. Educational changeCross-cultural studies.I. Farnham, David. II. Society for Research into Higher Education. LB2331.66.M361998 378.11DC21 Typeset by Graphicraft Limited, Hong Kong Printed in Great Britain by St Edmundsbury Press Ltd, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk Contents List of Contributors vii Preface ix Part 1Introduction 1 1 Managing Universities and Regulating Academic Labour Markets 3 David Farnham Part 2 Europe 33 2Belgium: Diverging Professions in Twin Communities 35 Jef C. Verhoeven and The Beuselinck 3Finland: Searching for Performance and Flexibility 58 Turo Virtanen 4France: A Centrally-Driven Profession 74 June Burnham 5Germany: A Dual Academy 94 Tassilo Herrschel 6Ireland: A Two-Tier Structure 115 Thomas N Garavan, Patrick Gunnigle and Michael Morley 7Italy: A Corporation Controlling a System in Collapse 139 William Brier ley 8The Netherlands: Reshaping the Employment Relationship 158 Egbert de Weert 9Spain: Old Elite or New Meritocracy? 174 Salvador Parrado-Diez 10Sweden: Professional Diversity in an Egalitarian System 191 Berit Ask ling 11The United Kingdom: End of the Donnish Dominion? 209 David Farnham vi Contents Part 3North America 237 12Canada: Neo-Conservative Challenges to Faculty and their Unions 239 Donald C. Savage 13The United States: Self-Governed Professionor Managed Occupation? 260 Sylvia Horton Part 4Asia-Pacific 291 14Australia: From Collegiality to Corporatism 293 Robert Kelso and Christopher Leggett 15 Japan: Collegiality in a Paternalist System 311 Kiyoshi Yamamoto 16Malaysia: an Emerging Professional Group 324 Mohamed Salleh Hj Din and Bala Shanmugam Part 5Conclusion 341 17Towards the Flexi-University? 343 David Farnham Index 360 The Society for Research into Higher Education 366 8 List of Contributors Berit Askling is Professor and Vice Rector, Goteborg University, Sweden. Ilse Beuselinck was Researcher at the Centre for Theoretical Sociology and Sociology of Education, Catholic University Leuven, Belgium. William Brier ley is Principal Lecturer in Italian Studies, University of Ports- mouth, England. June Burnham is Senior Lecturer in European Government and Politics, Middlesex University, England.. David Farnham is Professor of Employment Relations, University of Ports- mouth, England. Thomas N. Caravan is Lecturer in Human Resource Development, Univer- sity