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Bericht Zur D-A-CH Fact Finding Mission Äthiopien/Somaliland 2010

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Bericht Zur D-A-CH Fact Finding Mission Äthiopien/Somaliland 2010 D-A-CH Kooperation Asylwesen Deutschland – Österreich – Schweiz Bericht zur D-A-CH Fact Finding Mission Äthiopien/Somaliland 2010 Mai 2010 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung ........................................................................................................................7 2. Äthiopien.......................................................................................................................10 2.1 Allgemeines ...........................................................................................................10 2.1.1 Föderaler Staatsaufbau...................................................................................10 2.1.2 Parlament .......................................................................................................12 2.1.3 Wirtschaft und Arbeitsmarkt ............................................................................13 2.1.4 Versorgungslage.............................................................................................15 2.1.5 Bildungswesen................................................................................................15 2.1.6 Kommunikationsinfrastruktur...........................................................................16 2.2 Menschenrechte ....................................................................................................16 2.2.1 Geschlechtsspezifische Verfolgung.................................................................16 2.2.3 Meinungsfreiheit..............................................................................................19 2.3 Justizwesen ...........................................................................................................20 2.3.1 Ausbildung der Juristen...................................................................................21 2.3.2 Umsetzung der Gesetze zu NGOs, Medien und Terrorismus..........................22 2.3.3 Gefängnisse....................................................................................................24 2.3.4 Todesstrafe.....................................................................................................24 2.3.5 Ombudsmann .................................................................................................25 2.3.6 Korruption .......................................................................................................25 2.4 Sicherheit und Militär..............................................................................................25 2.4.1 Die äthiopische Armee ....................................................................................25 2.4.2 Miliz ................................................................................................................26 2.4.3 Föderale Polizei ..............................................................................................26 2.4.4 Polizei .............................................................................................................26 2.5 Dokumente.............................................................................................................27 2.5.1 Dokumentenbeschaffung ................................................................................27 2.5.2 Dokument für Personen eritreischer Herkunft..................................................31 2.5.3 Dokumente für Flüchtlinge ..............................................................................33 2.5.4 Gerichtsdokumente.........................................................................................34 2.5.5 Gefälligkeitsartikel in den Medien....................................................................34 2.5.6 Mitgliedsausweise von Parteien ......................................................................34 2.6 Medizinische Versorgung.......................................................................................35 2.6.1 Zugang zur medizinischen Versorgung ...........................................................35 2.6.2 Verfügbarkeit von Medikamenten....................................................................37 2 2.6.3 Behandlungsmöglichkeiten .............................................................................38 2.6.4 Traditionelle Medizin .......................................................................................42 2.6.5 Finanzierung des Gesundheitswesens............................................................42 2.6.6 Medizinisches Personal ..................................................................................42 2.7 Politik .....................................................................................................................43 2.7.1 EPRDF und regionale Regierungsparteien .....................................................43 2.7.2 Legale Oppositionsparteien.............................................................................44 2.7.3 Illegale Oppositionsparteien ............................................................................45 2.7.4 Parlamentswahlen 2010..................................................................................48 2.7.5 Exilparteien .....................................................................................................49 2.8 Politische Verfolgung .............................................................................................49 2.8.1 Legale Parteien...............................................................................................49 2.8.2 Illegale Parteien ..............................................................................................50 2.9 Ethnien, Minderheiten, Religion..............................................................................50 2.9.1 Personen eritreischer Herkunft........................................................................50 2.9.2 Somali.............................................................................................................52 2.9.3 Afar .................................................................................................................53 2.9.4 Ethnische Konflikte..........................................................................................53 2.9.5 Ethnische Diskriminierung...............................................................................54 2.9.6 Religion...........................................................................................................54 2.10 Asyl und Migration ..............................................................................................55 2.10.1 Migrationsrouten und Motivation .....................................................................55 2.10.2 Asylwesen.......................................................................................................56 2.10.3 Rückführungen nach Äthiopien .......................................................................59 2.10.4 Rückführungen aus Äthiopien .........................................................................60 2.10.5 Arbeitsmigration ..............................................................................................60 2.10.6 Kontrolle der Grenzen .....................................................................................60 2.11 Liste der beim NEBE registrierten Parteien.........................................................62 3. Die Republik Somaliland – State under Construction ....................................................65 3.1 Staat und Sicherheit...............................................................................................65 3.1.1 Hintergrund .....................................................................................................65 3.1.2 Verwaltung......................................................................................................66 3.1.3 Staatskontrolle ................................................................................................67 3.1.4 Polizeikräfte ....................................................................................................70 3.1.5 Militär ..............................................................................................................70 3.1.6 Islamismus......................................................................................................71 3 3.1.7 Waffen ............................................................................................................72 3.1.8 Straßenbanden/Organisierte Kriminalität.........................................................73 3.2 Politik .....................................................................................................................73 3.2.1 Parteien ..........................................................................................................73 3.2.2 Opposition.......................................................................................................74 3.2.3 Wahlen............................................................................................................75 3.3 Justiz......................................................................................................................76 3.4 Grenzkontrolle, Dokumente und Staatsbürgerschaft ..............................................80 3.5 Flüchtlingswesen....................................................................................................84 3.5.1 Einleitung ........................................................................................................84 3.5.2 Fluchtbewegungen..........................................................................................85
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