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Integrated Labour Market Assessment in Jigjiga and Kebribeyah a Marketplace in Between Resilience and Integration

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Integrated Labour Market Assessment in Jigjiga and Kebribeyah a Marketplace in Between Resilience and Integration Integrated labour market assessment in Jigjiga and Kebribeyah A marketplace in between resilience and integration May 2020 Copyright © International Labour Organization 2020 First published (2020) Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Licensing), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: [email protected]. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with a reproduction rights organization may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country. ISBN: 9789220328224 (print) 9789220328217 (web pdf) The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solely with their authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by the International Labour Office of the opinions expressed in them. Reference to names of firms and commercial products and processes does not imply their endorsement by the International Labour Office, and any failure to mention a particular firm, commercial product or process is not a sign of disapproval. Information on ILO publications and digital products can be found at: www.ilo.org/publns. Printed in (Switzerland) Integrated labour market assessment in Jigjiga and Kebribeyah A marketplace in between resilience and integration Foreword Ethiopia is the second largest refugee-hosting country in Africa and has a long and generous history of hosting refugees, maintaining an open-door asylum policy and giving humanitarian access and protection to those seeking refuge. Currently, Ethiopia hosts over 0.75 million refugee and asylum seekers in 26 refugee camps and more than 99 per cent of them originate from four countries: South Sudan, Somalia, Eritrea and Sudan. Most of the refugee camps have limited services and opportunities and refugees are mostly dependent on humanitarian assistance. In addition, over 1.7 million Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) are in need of durable solutions in different parts of the country. Ethiopia is in the process of reforming its refugee policy taking into account its commitments at the 2016 Leaders’ Summit on Refugees which the country co-hosted in New York and the adoption of a national Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF). Through this initiative, launched in November 2017, the Government of Ethiopia is shifting towards a new approach of refugee response, “combining wider support to host communities, fostering peaceful coexistence and greater inclusion of refugees in national development plans.” 1 Central to this approach is the promotion of more sustainable solutions, going beyond care and maintenance to enhance refugees’ self- reliance and gradually phasing out the encampment policy over the next decade. This will be achieved, in part, by providing refugees with socio-economic rights and progressively advancing local integration options. The Fafan zone of the Somali Regional State (SRS), especially the refugee camp of Kebribeyah, is particularly relevant in light of the local integration pledge. Evidence from this region shows that socio-economic integration is a process that has been taking place organically (and unevenly) through existing social and economic interactions between refugees and host communities. Somali refugees and hosts share several identity-based features, including language, culture, ethnicity and kinship, and in many cases clan too. With a view to better understand the prospects for socio-economic integration in this region, the ILO commissioned an integrated labour market assessment to assess the feasibility of integration and to prepare options for priority actions for socio-economic integration of refugees with host communities. The assessment, prepared and conducted by Samuel Hall 2 , was able to provide a comprehensive analysis of the supply and demand of employment opportunities, as well as an institutional mapping of the main employment and support services actors in Jigjiga and Kebribeyah. Moreover, it provides an in-depth analysis of pathways to local integration and identifies capacity gaps at various levels on the effective response to labour market supply and demand dynamics characteristic of the Fafan region. 1 UNHCR’s Briefing Note on CRRF 2 Samuel Hall is a social enterprise that conducts research in countries affected by issues of migration and displacement. Our research connects the voices of communities to change- makers for more inclusive societies. Samuel Hall has offices in Afghanistan, Kenya, Germany and Tunisia and a presence in Ethiopia and the United Arab Emirates. I Integrated labour market assessment in Jigjiga and Kebribeyah A marketplace in between resilience and integration I hope this assessment of findings and practical recommendations will adequately form the basis for proposed development responses in that given region, and lead to a set of concrete region-specific recommendations and policy proposals to support the preparation of regional ‘Action Plans’ that stem from the National Comprehensive Refugee Response Strategy (NCRRS). I would like to congratulate the Government of Ethiopia for its efforts geared towards creating the necessary conditions to promote self-reliance and integration of refugee populations, in spite of the numerous challenges related to forced displacement in the country. I would particularly like to thank the Agency for Refugees and Returnees Affairs (ARRA) for their collaboration with the ILO in undertaking this assessment. Finally, I would like to thank the Embassy of the Netherlands for their generous support to this assessment and the production of this report which was undertaken in the wider context of the innovative PROSPECTS Partnership Partnership. Alexio Musindo Director ILO Country Office for Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia, Sudan and South Sudan and Special Representative to the African Union (AU) and the UN Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) II Integrated labour market assessment in Jigjiga and Kebribeyah A marketplace in between resilience and integration Acknowledgments The completion of this report could not have been accomplished without the critical role and guidance of Mauricio Dierckxsens and Drew Gardiner from the ILO Employment, Labour Markets and Youth Branch (EMPLAB) as well as Luladay Aragaw, Eirmyas Kaase and Jean-Yves Barba from the ILO PROSPECTS Ethiopia team. III Integrated labour market assessment in Jigjiga and Kebribeyah A marketplace in between resilience and integration Table of contents Disclaimer VI List of tables VII List of figures VIII Acronyms X Introduction and context 1 Jigjiga and Kebribeyah 3 Socio-economic dynamics 5 Key findings from the literature 7 Ethiopia’s new refugee proclamation 9 Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework 9 National Economic Development and Social Policy 11 Rethinking evidence and findings (COVID-19 in Ethiopia) 13 Methodology 15 Phased approach 15 Research Phase 1 – September to November 2019 .............................................................................................. 15 Research Phase 2 – February to April 2020 ............................................................................................................. 17 Limitations 18 Labour market assessment 19 Supply-side survey 20 Accessing the job market 20 Understanding unemployment 23 Education 25 Recruitment criteria and skills mismatch 27 Aspirations 32 Case Study – TVET and skills training 34 Jigjiga Polytechnic College ............................................................................................................................................... 34 Private TVET Colleges ....................................................................................................................................................... 37 Demand-side survey ........................................................................................................................................................... 39 Companies’ profile 39 Sectors and activities ......................................................................................................................................................... 39 Companies’ size .................................................................................................................................................................... 41 Years of presence on the market .................................................................................................................................. 44 Doing business in Jigjiga and Kebribeyah 46 Dynamics and trends ......................................................................................................................................................... 46 Obstacles to doing business ...........................................................................................................................................
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