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Popular and Recommended Houseplants 6-Slide 3/19/2018 Selection Criteria Popular and Recommended Houseplants Selection, Diseases, Pests and Recommended Species • Match the plant’s needs to the environment you have currently • Match plant needs to your time to care for the plant • Keep in mind safety Pet‐happy.com considerations for pets and children Lisa Johnson Horticulture Educator Presentation Overview Common Diseases Root Rot • Selection Criteria •Symptoms include the • Houseplant Diseases soil staying wet, • Houseplant Insect yellowing, wilting leaves, stunting, and soft, brown Management bad‐smelling roots • Popular and Recommended •Many soil‐borne fungi cause root rot Houseplants: A Small Selection •Best to discard the plant Common Diseases Insect Pests Powdery Mildew • Mealybugs • Begonia, Kalanchöe and rosemary are especially • Aphids susceptible • Thrips • Try reducing humidity and increasing air flow • Spider mites • Can use 1 1/2 TBS baking • Whiteflies soda & 3 TBS horticultural oil in 1 gallon of water • Scales • Fungicides containing • Fungus gnats myclobutanil, and labeled for use on houseplants • Springtails may help 1 3/19/2018 Insect Pests Insect Pests A word about the use of • Exclusion pesticides on houseplants – Quarantine new plants – Must be labeled for use on for at least two weeks indoor plants – Bringing plants indoors – Must list the pest on the in fall label as being controlled by the product • Check drainage holes, – Must use the product in a • Check under leaves manner consistent with • Water wash, esp. under the label leaves – Best used in a garage or • Spray with insecticide if somewhere well‐ needed ventilated – For sprays, bag the plant and be sure to spray under leaves Mealybugs Aphids • Mealybugs can infest all plant • Aphids are soft‐ parts, including the roots. bodied, sucking insects that feed on • They produce a waxy coating on plant sap‐‐Cornicles their bodies and their egg masses exude honeydew that resist insecticides. • Gregarious, sexual • If the infestation is light, use Q‐ and parthenogenetic tips™ dipped in rubbing alcohol – reproduction lightly touch it to the insect or egg • Can be controlled on mass –don’t rub it over the whole houseplants with leaf insecticidal soap & forceful water sprays • Sprays labeled for houseplants and mealybugs with active • Products with bifenthrin, ingredients bifenthrin, permethrin Photo credit: Getbusygardening.com permethrin or or resmethrin. resmethrin or use • Neem oil neem oil Thrips Spider mites • Thrips are 1∕16” long • Spider mites are • They hide in flower & oval and leaf buds, and are hard yellowish. They to find. are very tiny, only • Very mobile and fast 1/50th” long, salt‐ • Thrips cause feeding grain size. damage and vector • They feed under plant viruses. leaves, sucking • Washing, insecticidal plant sap, causing soap, neem oil stippling or • Traditional products bronzing of leaves. include active • Populations ingredients bifenthrin, permethrin, increase rapidly. resmethrin, pyrethrins, • Discard the plant • Multiple treatments or use products every 5‐7 days are likely with bifenthrin or to be needed insecticidal soap. 2 3/19/2018 Spider mites Whiteflies • Spider mite populations • Whiteflies have increase rapidly piercing/sucking • Do well in lower mouthparts. humidity conditions • They feed & lay • Study of the effect of eggs on the temperature on spider underside of mite reproduction rate leaves. •One month @ 60°F: • Washing, 20 mites from 1 female bifenthrin, •One month @ permethrin, at 70°F: 12,000 mites least three from 1 female applications •One month @ Planetnatural.com sprayed once 80°F: 13,000,000 every 5 days. mites from 1 • Neem oil. female Scales Fungus Gnats • Often mistaken for • Often on ferns, fruit flies orchids, • Larvae live in soil schefflera, zebra and eat organic plant, weeping fig matter and ivy • Unless large • Have hard shells populations build that repel up, they do little insecticides damage to plants • Found under • Can use the ‘potato slice’ leaves on leaf method to get rid veins and petioles of them • Wash plants, • Also can let soil scrape off scales dry out more or use sprays with between bifenthrin, waterings and permethrin or replace top inch of resmethrin. soil African Violet Springtails Saintpaulia ionantha, Gesneriaceae • Springtails are • The African violet was scavengers that first discovered in East eat decaying Africa in 1892 by Baron organic matter in soil. Rarely Walter von St. Paul. damage plants • Best under grow lights or • Named for forked east, or open north side ‘furcula’ that window allows them to • Highly organic soil jump • Like damp places • Propagate by leaf cuttings • Let soil dry as in spring much as possible • Mealy bugs, powdery between mildew, cyclamen mite waterings to get and stem or crown rot rid of springtails. can be problems. 3 3/19/2018 Alocasia, Amazon Lily Aloe Alocasia x Amazonica, Araceae Aloe vera, Liliaceae (Asphodelaceae) • From southern Asia, • From Africa throughout South • Native environment Pacific is maritime sands • Propagate by division and rocks • Some cultivars get very large • Medium to high light • Calcium oxalate levels needed crystals ‐‐ caution • Average home • Low to medium light humidity is ok • Medium humidity • Propagates by offsets • Very sensitive to temperatures below • Few problems 55°F • Do NOT over‐water or over‐fertilize Photo credit: todayshomeowner.com Aluminum Plant Baby’s Tears Pilea cadieri, Urticaeae Soleirolia soleirolii, Urticaceae • From Vietnam • Islands in the Western • Perennial where native Mediterranean such as • Medium to bright Corsica and Sardinia indirect light –loses • Often used in fairy variegation if light level gardens and terrariums is too low Aspca.com • Best in high humidity— • Moist soil use pebble tray • Best in high humidity • Good in tall terrariums • Bright indirect light • Soil should not be too • Perennial where native wet—rots easily • Propagate via cuttings or • Perennial where native division • Pinch to keep bushy and propagate via cuttings Guidetohouseplants.com Bird’s nest fern Calathea Asplenium nidus, Aspleniaceae Calathea spp., Marantaceae • From Brazil and • From India, Japan, tropical America Australia • Need low light (north • An epiphyte in or east window) and nature high humidity • Can use a pebble tray • Low to medium for humidity light • Keep moist, but not • Medium humidity too wet; will rot • Medium soil • Don’t allow temperatures to go moisture below 55°F • Water at base • Don’t like drafts • Scale an • Spider mites a otoolesgardencenters.com occasional problem – insects like to hide in unfurled problem leaves • Propagate via • Propagate by division spores 4 3/19/2018 Chinese Evergreen Croton Aglaonema commutatum, Araceae Codiaeum variegatum pictum , Euphorbiaceae • From tropical Asia and Africa • Pacific Islands, Malaysia, • Low light, good in office Northern Australia settings • High direct light to • Good for air cleaning maintain variegation • Low humidity ok • Best in high humidity, • Propagate by division or air‐ use pebble tray layering if canes are well‐ • Poisonous sap, caution developed for children and pets • Flower and fruit when older • Spider mites can be an • Few problems issue • Propagate via stem cuttings Dracaena, Madagascar Dragon Tree Striped Dracaena Dracaena marginata, Agavaceae Dracaena deremensis ‘Warneckii’ Dracaena deremensis ‘Lemon‐Lime’ • From Mexico, Columbia, Brazil, Puerto Rico Agavaceae • Calcium oxalate in all • From tropical Africa plant parts–caution for pets and young children • Leaves narrow, pointy • Medium to high light, • Good for air cleaning • • Low humidity ok but Medium light, will take fluorescent don’t let get too dry office setting • • Too much fertilizer Medium moisture, medium causes marginal leaf humidity burn • If they dry out leaf tips will turn • Propagate by air layering brown; hard to keep this from or cane cuttings happening • Few problems • Propagate by cane cuttings or air layering English Ivy Tropical Hibiscus Hedera helix, Araliaceae Hibiscus rosa‐sinensis, Malvaceae • From Eurasia • From Asia and Pacific • Many cultivars are Islands; is Malaysia's available national flower • Is poisonous – caution for pets and • Needs LOTS of light young children • Cut back when take • Bright to medium indoors for winter or light is best in early spring • Do not keep too moist ‐‐rots ‘Gold Child’ greengatefarms.com • Medium humidity • Propagate via stem • Medium water needs cuttings • Spider mites, scale, • Spider mites a big aphids, white flies pest • Invasive plant on • Fertility important West Coast of U.S. ‘Sweetheart’ charliecook.com 5 3/19/2018 Jade Plant, Crassulaceae Kalanchöe Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Crassula ovata (C. argentea) Crassulaceae • From South Africa, • From Madagascar Mozambique • Bright to medium • Light levels medium light or high to maintain peacetreefarm.com • Do not overwater flowering • Low humidity ok • Many flower colors • Leaf or stem cuttings • Fertilize every 3 • Scale, mealybug weeks when in • Don’t fertilize Oct‐ flower Feb., only sparingly • Keep on dry side at other times • Prefers cooler temps. • Flowering at maturity • Powdery mildew, mealybugs • Tight roots preferred occasional problems • Undemanding Nerve plant Peace Lily Fittonia albivenis, F. vershaffeltii, Acanthaceae Spathiphyllum wallisii, Araceae • From South • From Central America, America, (Peru) Indonesia, and the where it’s a Philippines ground cover plant • Low to medium light— • Doesn’t like dry air good for office settings or drafts • Shiny foliage • Low light or grow • Best
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