SONGWRITING and the 6Th GRADER I to the University Of
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SONGWRITING AND THE 6th GRADER i To the University of Wyoming: The members of the Committee approve the dissertation of Kara K. Smith presented on April 22, 2019. Dr. Leslie Susan Rush, Chairperson Dr. Jenna Min Shim Dr. Nicole C. LaMartine APPROVED: Dr. Leslie Susan Rush, Director, School of Teacher Education Dr. Peter Moran, Director, Curriculum and Instruction Dr. Suzanne Young, Associate Dean, Graduate Programs ABSTRACT Students from two sixth-grade general music classes provided the base for exploring the question of whether a collaborative, project-based, songwriting curriculum unit might enhance the engagement of learners in the general music classroom. A seven-week Songwriter’s Workshop unit plan, developed by the teacher/researcher, was implemented and evaluated for its effectiveness. Quantitative and qualitative data gathered through pre- and post-project student surveys, along with teacher observations and anecdotal data based on student work indicates this type of curriculum can indeed increase engagement in the classroom. Recommendations for future implementations are included by the author/teacher/researcher. Running Head: SONGWRITING AND THE 6th GRADER Songwriting and the 6th Grader: A Creative Endeavor toward Enhanced Student Engagement in 6th Grade General Music An action research and curriculum development capstone project submitted to The College of Education and The Graduate School of the University of Wyoming in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION in Curriculum and Instruction By Kara K. Smith University of Wyoming Laramie, Wyoming April 2019 SONGWRITING AND THE 6th GRADER ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My heart is grateful for the many people who have encouraged, supported and often prodded me to finish the course of this program and this project. Dr. Leslie Rush stepped in to chair to my committee, and I am indebted to her leadership. Dr. Jenna Shim has also served on my committee with her insight as a seasoned musician. Dr. Nicole Lamartine, a valued colleague serving as my outside committee member, continues to encourage and inspire me through her musical pursuits and her investment in music educators. My family sustained me throughout this venture, and with their encouragement, I find myself with the finish line in sight. I especially want to thank my husband, Merle Smith, for pulling me through the times when I was ready to abandon ship. He stepped in and took over everyday tasks to free up time for me to write, continually reminding me this is simply a season of perseverance. I am grateful to the many friends and colleagues for their wisdom and empathy and perspective. I would be remiss if I did not include Sue Smith, her colleagues and their dedication to help aspiring songwriters to become more excellent at their craft. I am also thankful for the students who embarked on this endeavor with me. Their candid input and creative output keep reminding me how the search for best practices begins and continues with them. My hope is the outcome of this season will be a blessing to all who contributed their time, energy and to make this project happen. Creativity is a gift given to us as image bearers of our Creator. I believe it is our duty and privilege as teachers to foster creative minds, hands and voices in the students we serve. I lift these thankful hands, mind, heart and voice to Jesus, to Him be the glory! SONGWRITING AND THE 6th GRADER iii TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE……………………………………………………………………………………...i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………………………....ii LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………………....iv LIST OF APPENDICES………………………………………………………………………….v CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW………………………………………..1 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES......13 CHAPTER THREE: METHODS………………………………………………………………..35 CHAPTER FOUR: FINDINGS………………………………………………………………….42 CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION………………………………………………………………..55 REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………………..64 APPENDICES…………………………………………………………………………………...70 SONGWRITING AND THE 6th GRADER iv LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Preferred activities in music class…………………………………………………......43 Figure 2: Music involvement outside of regular music class……………………………………44 Figure 3: Preferences for project group work……………………………………………………45 Figure 4: Most challenging part of the project…………………………………………………...47 Figure 5: Easiest part of song unit to accomplish……………………………………….……….47 SONGWRITING AND THE 6th GRADER v LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A: Wyoming Fine and Performing Arts Content and Performance Standards for Music.….70 Appendix B: LCSD #1 Elementary Music Quarterly GVC-6th Grade only……………........................75 Appendix C: Active Listening Rubric……………………….......…………….....................………….78 Appendix D: Sample of Proficiency Scale for 6th Grade Music Benchmark…………..........................80 Appendix E: Preliminary Student Survey Questions…………………………………..........................82 Appendix F: Post-Songwriting Unit Survey Questions………………………………......................…84 Appendix G: Songwriter’s Workshop: Student Workbook…………………………….........................86 Appendix H: Wyoming FPA Music Benchmarks by Workshop Assignment......................................124 Appendix I: Group Grade Sheet..........................................................................................................126 Individual Grade Sheet....................................................................................................127 Appendix J: Power Point Slides...........................................................................................................129 SONGWRITING AND THE 6th GRADER vi Appendix K: Building Principal Approval............................................................................................160 IRB Approval...................................................................................................................161 SONGWRITING AND THE 6th GRADER 1 Chapter One: Introduction My journey as a music teacher in public school encompasses experiences that diverge and intersect at fascinating points. As an aspiring music education major, I envisioned myself in a high school with over-achieving choirs, fantastic music theater productions and inspired students who would go on to become professional musicians or future music educators. My first “real” job as a middle-school general music and choir teacher quickly humbled my delusions of grandeur and introduced me to the challenges of pre-adolescent students. My career pathway continued to intersect with sixth-grade learners at critical junctures along the way. I am now in a position with half of each teaching day spent with sixth-grade learners, and despite all of my years of experience, still find them incredibly challenging to engage in the music learning process. This project is based on the continuing pursuit of finding best practices to engage this population of learners in the general music classroom. In order to provide context and the setting for my project, I outline the current structure of the music curriculum in our district, as well as the Wyoming State Standards for the Fine and Performing Arts. I also include the setting and logistics of the school in which I currently teach. Within this context, I present the overview of the action research and the curriculum design for the Songwriter’s Workshop project I’ve implemented in the 6th grade General Music classroom. Music Curriculum in my Current District Music Curriculum in Laramie County School District #1 (LCSD#1) encompasses a broad scope of offerings and opportunities for students K-12. Music Specialists provide General Music for all students K-6, as well as several developing Pre-K programs in the district. Itinerant instrumental teachers provide additional pull-out instruction in strings and band for elementary SONGWRITING AND THE 6th GRADER 2 school students. Secondary schools offer music electives in performance groups for vocal, strings, and band. There are also opportunities for students to elect guitar classes at various levels. Occasionally, there are additional offerings for “Exploring Music” at the junior high level, the closest thing to the “general music” curriculum this study explores. Music theory/composition has also been an elective offering in the past at the high school level, but similar to Exploring Music, is offered only when elective enrollment numbers are sufficient to justify offering the course. Documentation of the music curriculum for LCSD#1 can be accessed through the district website at laramie1.org. The documents include proficiency scales, Guaranteed and Viable Curriculum (GVC) Maps, course descriptions and course syllabi, when provided. Suggested common assessments as well as district assessments and rubrics are also available in this link. Unfortunately, not all of the curriculum folders are yet fully populated, so particular information on secondary general music offerings is unavailable. The elementary general music curriculum was revised in the summer of 2018 by a team of elementary music teachers, including myself. The supporting documentation was updated and is available to teachers through Canvas Webpages in our district. Portions of these documents and samples are included in the Appendix. Wyoming Fine and Performing Arts Contents and Performance Standards The Wyoming Fine and Performing Arts Contents and Performance Standards were updated in 2013. These standards encompass visual arts, music, theater and dance. In this document, a