Master´s Thesis, 60 credits Ecosystems, Governance and Globalisation Master´s programme 2007/09, 120 credits Socio-economic drivers influencing sustainability in a social-ecological system Insights from whale shark tourism in northern Quintana Roo, Mexico Loïs Moriel Robles Socio-economic drivers influencing sustainability in a social-ecological system Insights from whale shark tourism in northern Quintana Roo, Mexico Loïs Moriel Robles
[email protected] August 2009 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master in Ecosystems , Governance and Globalisation 1 Abstract Wildlife tourism is promoted as a livelihood alternative activity to extractive use, such as the case of whale shark interaction in Quintana Roo, Mexico. Whale sharks seasonally aggregate (from May to September) northeast Yucatan peninsula, where they annually attract about 20000 visitors. This study analyzes the socio-economic drivers, influencing the sustainability of this recreational activity, through semi-structured (n=44) and in-depth (n=4) interviews to local stakeholders, tourists surveys (n=262), and a cost-benefit analysis. Results indicate that intermediaries put pressure on the optimization of the operation, as well as it decreases the economic return to local operators (licensees). Local operators are not aware of the real costs of operations, and additionally tourists are poorly informed of (1) the species, (2) the code of conduct (regulations) and (3) how to support local community’s development. In conclusion, those factors along with the lack of surveillance threaten whale shark tourism sustainability. Inclusion of all stakeholders in management and planning of wildlife tourism is necessary in order to obtain desirable practices, as well as investment in environmental education.