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Biological Control of Two Ageratina Species (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae) in South Africa
Biological control of two Ageratina species (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae) in South Africa F. Heystek1*, A.R. Wood2, S. Neser1 & Y. Kistensamy1 1Agricultural Research Council-Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X134, Queenswood, 0121 South Africa 2Agricultural Research Council-Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X5017, Stellenbosch, 7599 South Africa Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R.M.King & H.Rob. and Ageratina riparia (Regel) R.M.King & H.Rob. (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae), originally from Mexico, are invasive in many countries. These plants produce thousands of wind- and water-dispersed seeds which enable them to spread rapidly and invade stream banks and moist habitats in areas with high rainfall. Two biological control agents, a shoot-galling fly, Procecidochares utilis Stone (Diptera: Tephri- tidae), and a leaf-spot fungus, Passalora ageratinae Crous & A.R. Wood (Mycosphaerellales: Mycosphaerellaceae), were introduced against A. adenophora in South Africa in 1984 and 1987, respectively. Both established but their impact is considered insufficient. Exploratory trips to Mexico between 2007 and 2009 to search for additional agents on A. adenophora produced a gregarious leaf-feeding moth, Lophoceramica sp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a stem-boring moth, probably Eugnosta medioxima (Razowski) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a leaf-mining beetle, Pentispa fairmairei (Chapuis) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae), and a leaf-rust, Baeodromus eupatorii (Arthur) Arthur (Pucciniales: Pucciniosiraceae) all of which have been subjected to preliminary investigations. Following its success in Hawaii, the white smut fungus, Entyloma ageratinae R.W. Barreto & H.C. Evans (Entylomatales: Entylomataceae), was introduced in 1989 to South Africa against A. riparia. Its impact has not been evaluated since its establishment in 1990 in South Africa. By 2009, however, A. -
MICOBIOTA FITOPATOGÊNICA DAS PLANTAS DANINHAS Bidens Pilosa E Bidens Subalternans NO BRASIL
EDUARDO GUATIMOSIM MICOBIOTA FITOPATOGÊNICA DAS PLANTAS DANINHAS Bidens pilosa E Bidens subalternans NO BRASIL Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Federal de Viçosa, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitopatologia, para obtenção do título de Magister Scientiae. VIÇOSA MINAS GERAIS - BRASIL 2011 EDUARDO GUATIMOSIM MICOBIOTA FITOPATOGÊNICA DAS PLANTAS DANINHAS Bidens pilosa E Bidens subalternans NO BRASIL Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Federal de Viçosa, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitopatologia, para obtenção do título de Magister Scientiae. APROVADA: 21 de Fevereiro de 2011. _______________________________ ________________________________ Dr. Harold Charles Evans Prof. Gleiber Quintão Furtado _______________________________ Prof. Olinto Liparini Pereira (Presidente da Banca) À Dada, minha eterna mãe e amiga, dedico. ii AGRADECIMENTOS Aos meus pais Antônio e Cida, pelo apoio, por acreditarem em mim e me amarem, incondicionalmente. A todos meus irmãos Nando, Ana, Raul, Tal, Maná, Beto, Stavo, e em especial ao Pedro, ponto de apoio estrutural e emocional. À Thais, pelo amor, carinho, confiança e, sobretudo paciência. Cúmplice de uma vida vivida a dois. Ao Departamento de Fitopatologia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, pela oportunidade da realização do curso de Mestrado. À Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – CAPES, pela concessão da bolsa de estudo de Mestrado. Ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq pelo suporte financeiro para a realização dos trabalhos. Ao Professor Robert Weingart Barreto, pela orientação, apoio, incentivo e amizade Ao Professor Olinto Liparini Pereira, pelo apoio no desenvolvimento dos trabalhos e por ter sido a primeira pessoa no Departamento que acreditou em mim, ainda sem me conhecer. -
Biocontrole De Doenças De Plantas
Biocontrole de Doenças de Plantas: República Federativa do Brasil Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva Presidente da República Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento Reinhold Stephanes Ministro Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Conselho de Administração José Gerardo Fontelles Presidente Pedro Antonio Arraes Pereira Vice-Presidente Murilo Francisco Barella Derli Dossa Antonio Salazar Pessoa Brandão Aloisio Lopes Pereira de Melo Membros Diretoria-Executiva Pedro Antonio Arraes Pereira Diretor-Presidente José Geraldo Eugênio de França Kepler Euclides Filho Tatiana Deane de Abreu Sá Diretores-Executivos Secretaria de Gestão e Estratégia Luiz Gomes de Souza Chefe Embrapa Meio Ambiente Celso Vainer Manzatto Chefe-Geral Adriana Marlene Moreno Pires Chefe-Adjunto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Heloisa Ferreira Filizola Chefe-Adjunto de Comunicação e Negócios Emerson José Lourenço Chefe-Adjunto de Administração Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Embrapa Meio Ambiente Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento Biocontrole de Doenças de Plantas: Uso e Perspectivas Editores Técnicos Wagner Bettiol Marcelo A. B. Morandi Embrapa Meio Ambiente Jaguariúna, SP 2009 Exemplares dessa publicação podem ser solicitados à: Embrapa Meio Ambiente Rodovia SP 340 - km 127,5 - Tanquinho Velho Caixa Postal 69 13820-000, Jaguariúna, SP Fone: (19) 3311-2600 Fax: (19) 3311-2740 [email protected] www.cnpma.embrapa.br Comitê de Publicação da Unidade Presidente: Ariovaldo Luchiari Júnior Secretário-Executivo: Luiz Antonio Silveira Melo Bibliotecária: -
A New Host Record for Oidaematophorus Beneficus Yano & Heppner (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae)
Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society (1998) 33: 151-152. SCIENTIFIC NOTE A New Host Record for Oidaematophorus beneficus Yano & Heppner (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae) PATRICK CONANT Hawaii State Department of Agriculture, 1428 S King St. Honolulu. Hawai'i 96814, USA ABSTRACT. The Hamalcua pamakani plume moth, Oidaematophorus benefi cus, a purposely introduced biological control agent, was found feeding on Maui pamakani, Ageratitta adenophora, an unreported host plant. The find is significant because the new host is officially listed as a noxious weed, as is the original host, Ageratina riparia, known as Hamakua pamakani or spreading mist flower. INTRODUCTION Oidaematophorus beneficus Yano & Heppner was introduced into Hawai'i in 1973 from Mexico for control of Hamakua pamakani (Agerutina riparia (Regal) R. King & H. Robinson) by the Hawai'i Department of Agriculture (HDOA) (Nakao et al. 1975). The larvae are leaf feeders, normally causing smooth edged holes in the leaves. Two other nat ural enemies were also introduced to control this weed, the Hamakua pamakani gall fly Procecidochates alani Steyskal, and a fungus, Entyloma ageratinae (Davis et at. 1992). The authors reported that these 3 agents have substantially to completely controlled the weed in most infested pastures on Hawai'i Island. On 9 October 1991,1 collected sever al larvae of O. beneficus from the leaves of Maui pamakani (Ageratina adenophora (Spreng) R. King & H. Robinson) at the summit of Mount Ka'ala, O'ahu. Only 1 larva survived to emerge as an adult. Subsequently at the same site on 12 May 1994,1 collect ed several more larvae from Maui pamakani. Four specimens survived to become adults. -
Biocontrol of Weeds: Achievements to Date and Future Outlook
BIOCONTROL OF WEEDS 2.8 BIOCONTROL OF WEEDS: ACHIEVEMENTS TO DATE AND FUTURE OUTLOOK Lynley Hayes1, Simon V. Fowler1, Quentin Paynter2, Ronny Groenteman1, Paul Peterson3, Sarah Dodd2, Stanley Bellgard2 1 Landcare Research, PO Box 69040, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand 2 Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand 3 Landcare Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand ABSTRACT: New Zealand has a serious problem with unwanted exotic weeds. Invasive plants threaten all ecosystems and have undesirable impacts on primary production and biodiversity values, costing the country billions of dollars each year. Biocontrol is a key tool for reducing the impacts of serious, widespread exotic weeds. We review the nearly 90-year history of weed biocontrol research in New Zealand. Thirty-eight species of agents have been established against 17 targets. Establishment success rates are high, the safety record remains excellent, and support for biocontrol remains strong. Despite the long-term nature of this approach partial control of fi ve targets (Mexican devil weed Ageratina adenophora, alligator weed Alternanthera philoxeroides, heather Calluna vulgaris, nodding thistle Carduus nutans, broom Cytisus scoparius), and good control of three targets (mist fl ower Ageratina riparia, St John’s wort Hypericum perforatum, and ragwort Jacobaea vulgaris) have already been achieved. The self-introduced rust Puccinia myrsiphylli is also providing excellent control of bridal creeper Asparagus asparagoides. Information about the value of successful weed biocontrol programmes is starting to become available. Savings from the St John’s wort project alone have more than paid for the total investment in weed biocontrol in New Zealand to date. Recent research advances are helping us to select the best weed targets and control agents, and are enabling biocontrol programmes to be even safer and more effective. -
And Rust Fungi Discoveries of New Increased Since These Revisions Through of Biological Control Taxa, New Incursions, and Introductions Agents
!"· VOLUME 5 ·#$%&M#(# doi:10.5598/imafungus.2014.05.02.03 [ ) Ustilaginomycotina ARTICLE Pucciniales) Roger G. Shivas1, Dean R. Beasley1, and Alistair R. McTaggart1,2 1Plant Pathology Herbarium, Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, GPO Box 267, Brisbane 4001, Queensland, Australia; corresponding author e-mail: +N;+ 2UB B X /+ >+ U Z [ \[] ^_ !`j ^ Queensland 4001, Australia /+[BUstilaginomycotina and Pucciniomycotina, Microbotryales) and rust fungi (Pucciniomycotina, Pucciniales) are available online at http://collections. Australia ;+ < [ Key Australian smut fungi (317 species in 37 genera) and 100 rust fungi (from approximately 360 species Lucid in 37 genera). The smut and rust keys are illustrated with over 1,600 and 570 images respectively. The Morphology keys are designed to assist a wide range of end-users including mycologists, plant health diagnosticians, Uredinales biosecurity scientists, plant pathologists, and university students. The keys are dynamic and will be Taxonomy regularly updated to include taxonomic changes and incorporate new detections, taxa, distributions and Ustilaginales images. Researchers working with Australian smut and rust fungi are encouraged to participate in the on- going development and improvement of these keys. ={!j|!"#}~B{'#]!"#}~[{##@+!"#} INTRODUCTION Vánky & Shivas (2008) revised the Australian smut fungi, and a separate interactive Lucid key to 296 species with The smut fungi (Ustilaginomycotina and Pucciniomycotina, over 1000 images was developed to accompany the revision Microbotryales) and rust fungi (Pucciniomycotina, (Shivas et al. 2008). Despite the importance of rust fungi Pucciniales) in the Basidiomycota, together represent the in Australia, the most recent monograph is over a century most economically important and largest group of plant old and considered about 160 species (McAlpine 1906). -
Bush Matters No 15 December 2012
BushNewsletter of the Conservation PartnersMatters Program No. of the Office of Environment and Heritage NSW 15 Heavy rains in northern NSW earlier in the year charged the waterfalls on Stephanie and Julian Lymburner’s property, Crystal Hill, near Ballina. The Lymburners entered into a Conservation Agreement in 1998 to protect in perpetuity 7.3 hectares. As well as the creek and waterfalls, the property has three distinct native vegetation types — dry rainforest, subtropical rainforest and moist sclerophyll forest — plus a small colony of koalas. Crystal Hill featured in the first issue of Bush Matters in Autumn 2002. You can find it atwww.environment.nsw.gov.au/cpp/BushMatters.htm . Photo: S Lymburner Spring 2012 Contents the Hon. Robyn Parker MP, launched From the Conservation Partners Welcome 2 From the Chief Executive the Chief Folder, providing information and advice on monitoring and managing land for conservation. It includes the recently 2 Conservation Management Executive prepared Conservation Management Notes Notes. The folder will be provided to existing Conservation Agreement 3 Funding applications — landholders, and all new Conservation improving your chance of Agreement and Wildlife Refuge success landholders. The information will also be It is a privilege to take on my new role this accessible on the OEH website. year as the Chief Executive of the Office 4 A Conservation Agreement of Environment and Heritage (OEH). I look The annual Private Land Conservation allows the birds to breed in forward to working across the organisation Grants program administered by the peace, in perpetuity and with a wide range of community Foundation for National Parks and Wildlife stakeholders. -
Threatened Species of Fauna and Flora in the Tapitalee Area, Nowra
Fauna and flora surveys and assessment of impact – 12 Tallimba Road, Bangalee THREATENED SPECIES OF FAUNA AND FLORA IN THE TAPITALEE AREA, NOWRA. INVENTORY, SPECIES PROFILES AND ASSESSMENT OF THREATS Garry Daly © Garry Daly 1 Gaia Research Pty Ltd Threatened species of the Tapitallee area, Nowra This project was partially funded through Shoalhaven Landcare Association and the Australian Government’s Caring for our Country. COPYRIGHT © Garry Daly All intellectual property and copyright reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, 1968, no part of this report may be reproduced, transmitted, stored in a retrieval system or adapted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without written permission. Enquiries should be addressed to Garry Daly, Director Gaia Research Pty Ltd. Disclaimer The findings of this report are based on the author's analysis and interpretation of survey results. Views and interpretations presented in the report are those of the authors and not necessarily those of other parties. I have compiled this report in good faith, exercising all due care and attention. OEH does not accept responsibility for any inaccurate or incomplete information supplied by third parties. No representation is made about the accuracy, completeness or suitability of the information in this publication for any particular purpose. I shall not be liable for any damage, which may occur to any person or organisation taking action or not on the basis of this publication. Readers should seek appropriate advice when applying the information to their specific needs. -
The Arc Ppri Weeds Research Division
ASSESSING THE VALUE OF PUBLIC INVESTMENT INTO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL RESEARCH FOR INVASIVE ALIEN PLANTS: THE ARC PPRI WEEDS RESEARCH DIVISION A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF COMMERCE of RHODES UNIVERSITY BY: LOWELL MARTIN SCARR SUPERVISED BY: PROFESSOR G.C.G. FRASER DR S. KOCH Department of Economics and Economic History Rhodes University Grahamstown South Africa May 2015 ABSTRACT This study investigates the economic impact of the ARC PPRI Weeds Research Division. The Division researches appropriate methods of biological control for invasive alien plants (IAPs). These plants pose an increasing threat to environmental integrity and ecosystem service provision impacting on economic potential. Since the work of the Division is considered a public good, a predominantly descriptive approach has been adopted for the valuation process. A combination of quantitative cost analysis and a qualitative study of the impacts of research and invasive alien plants is used to deal with the challenges associated with non- market valuation. The study found that investment into the Weeds Division is a valuable activity that supports the long-term growth potential of the South African economy. The role of a well-functioning environment is highlighted as an essential base for the creation of sustained growth opportunities in any society. It was determined that investment into the Division should be increased into the future to support efficient spending of scarce state funds. Biological control research was found to provide strategic future growth potential, creating opportunities for the development of a competitive advantage in the biotechnology and environmental management sectors. The study adds to the increasing move towards a more holistic view of economic valuation, taking factors other than pure finance and econometrics into consideration. -
AR TICLE Online Identification Guides for Australian Smut Fungi
IMA Fungus · 5(2): 195–202 (2014) doi:10.5598/imafungus.2014.05.02.03 Online identification guides for Australian smut fungi (Ustilaginomycotina) ARTICLE and rust fungi (Pucciniales) Roger G. Shivas1, Dean R. Beasley1, and Alistair R. McTaggart1,2 1Plant Pathology Herbarium, Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, GPO Box 267, Brisbane 4001, Queensland, Australia; corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] 2Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia Abstract: Interactive identification keys for Australian smut fungi (Ustilaginomycotina and Pucciniomycotina, Key words: Microbotryales) and rust fungi (Pucciniomycotina, Pucciniales) are available online at http://collections. Australia daff.qld.gov.au. The keys were built using Lucid software, and facilitate the identification of all known Key Australian smut fungi (317 species in 37 genera) and 100 rust fungi (from approximately 360 species Lucid in 37 genera). The smut and rust keys are illustrated with over 1,600 and 570 images respectively. The Morphology keys are designed to assist a wide range of end-users including mycologists, plant health diagnosticians, Uredinales biosecurity scientists, plant pathologists, and university students. The keys are dynamic and will be Taxonomy regularly updated to include taxonomic changes and incorporate new detections, taxa, distributions and Ustilaginales images. Researchers working with Australian smut and rust fungi are encouraged to participate in the on- going development and improvement of these keys. Article info: Submitted: 27 June 2014; Accepted: 31 October 2014; Published: 11 November 2014. INTRODUCTION Vánky & Shivas (2008) revised the Australian smut fungi, and a separate interactive Lucid key to 296 species with The smut fungi (Ustilaginomycotina and Pucciniomycotina, over 1000 images was developed to accompany the revision Microbotryales) and rust fungi (Pucciniomycotina, (Shivas et al. -
Investigation of the Fungi Associated with Dieback of Prickly Acacia (Vachellia Nilotica Subsp
Investigation of the fungi associated with dieback of prickly acacia (Vachellia nilotica subsp. indica) in Northern Australia AHSANUL HAQUE B.Sc. Ag. (Hons) (Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh) MS in Plant Pathology (Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Bangladesh) A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2015 School of Agriculture and Food Sciences Abstract Prickly acacia (Vachellia nilotica subsp. indica), one of the most harmful weeds of the Australian rangelands, has been occasionally observed displaying natural dieback symptoms since 1970’s. More recently in 2010, a prominent widespread dieback event was observed among the plants growing around Richmond and Julia Creek in north-western Queensland. Affected plants were found with disease symptoms such as; ashy internal staining, defoliation, blackening of shoot tips through to widespread plant mortality. It was hypothesized that a pathogenic fungus/i could be implicated with this phenomenon and a potential for biological control of this invasive species might ensue. Fungi isolated from dieback-affected and healthy stands of prickly acacia were putatively identified by partial sequencing of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region of genomic DNA. Botryosphaeriaceae was the best represented family of fungi associated with dieback. Among the Botryosphaeriaceae fungi, Cophinforma was found to be the most prevalent genus with 60% of the total isolates identified as Cophinforma spp. following BLAST searches. Cophinforma was also isolated from the healthy plants growing in the trial site at Richmond. Natural dieback on prickly acacia was previously observed in the surrounding areas. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS sequences revealed the potential existence of new species of Cophinforma in Australia. -
Assessing the Status of Biological Control As a Management Tool for Suppression of Invasive Alien Plants in South Africa
Bothalia - African Biodiversity & Conservation ISSN: (Online) 2311-9284, (Print) 0006-8241 Page 1 of 19 Original Research Assessing the status of biological control as a management tool for suppression of invasive alien plants in South Africa Authors: Background: Biological control of invasive alien plants (IAPs) using introduced natural 1,2 Costas Zachariades enemies contributes significantly to sustained, cost-effective management of natural resources Iain D. Paterson3 Lorraine W. Strathie1 in South Africa. The status of, and prospects for, biological control is therefore integral to Martin P. Hill3 National Status Reports (NSRs) on Biological Invasions, the first of which is due in 2017. Brian W. van Wilgen4 Objectives: Our aim was to evaluate the status of, and prospects for, biological control of IAPs Affiliations: in South Africa. We discuss expansion of biological control and suggest indicators to be used 1 Plant Protection Research in the upcoming NSR to assess sufficient growth. Institute, Agricultural Research Council, South Africa Method: We used published literature, unpublished work and personal communication to assess the status of biological control of IAPs. We propose indicators based on the targets for biological 2 School of Life Sciences, control that were proposed in the 2014 ‘National Strategy for dealing with biological invasions in University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa South Africa’. To prioritise targets for future efforts, we used published lists of damaging IAPs and assessed the prospects for their biological control. Recommendations for using biological 3Department of Zoology and control as a management tool were made after discussion among the authors and with colleagues. Entomology, Rhodes University, South Africa Results: Significant control of several Cactaceae, Australian Acacia species and floating aquatic plants, and many other IAPs has been achieved in South Africa since 1913.