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Two New Anisophyllous Species of Sabicea Aubl. (Rubiaceae) from Gabon

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Two New Anisophyllous Species of Sabicea Aubl. (Rubiaceae) from Gabon Two new anisophyllous species of Sabicea Aubl. (Rubiaceae) from Gabon Olivier Lachenaud & Lise Zemagho Abstract LACHENAUD, O. & L. ZEMAGHO (2015). Two new anisophyllous species of Sabicea Aubl. (Rubiaceae) from Gabon. Candollea 70: 219-229. In English, English and French abstracts. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2015v702a7 Two new Rubiaceae species, Sabicea golgothae O. Lachenaud & Zemagho and Sabicea mabouniensis O. Lachenaud & Zemagho, are described and illustrated. These two species are very similar to each other, and differ from all their congeners by the combination of strong anisophylly and pedunculate inflorescences. Their position in the genus is discussed. Both species are apparently endemic to the Mabounié area in West-Central Gabon, currently under exploitation prospects for mining. They are both assessed as “Critically Endangered” according to IUCN Categories and Criteria. Résumé LACHENAUD, O. & L. ZEMAGHO (2015). Deux nouvelles espèces anisophylles du genre Sabicea Aubl. (Rubiaceae) décrites du Gabon. Candollea 70: 219-229. En anglais, résumés anglais et français. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2015v702a7 Deux nouvelles espèces de Rubiaceae, Sabicea golgothae O. Lachenaud & Zemagho et Sabicea mabouniensis O. Lachenaud & Zemagho, sont décrites et illustrées. Ces deux espèces sont très semblables entre elles, et diffèrent de tous leurs congé- nères par le fait qu’elles présentent à la fois une anisophyllie très marquée et des inflorescences pédonculées. Leur position au sein du genre est discutée. Les deux espèces paraissent endémiques de la région de Mabounié dans le centre-ouest du Gabon, qui fait l’objet d’un projet d’exploitation minière. Toutes deux sont évaluées comme «En Danger Critique d’Extinction» selon les Catégories et les Critères de l’UICN. Keywords RUBIACEAE – Sabicea – Gabon – Mabounié – Anisophylly – New species – Taxonomy – Conservation status Addresses of the authors : OL: Botanic Garden Meise, Domein van Bouchout, 1860 Meise, Belgium. E-mail: [email protected] LZ: Department of Plant Systematics, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany and Plant Systematic and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 047, Yaoundé, Cameroon. Submitted on June 26, 2015. Accepted on July 17, 2015. Edited by M. W. Callmander ISSN : 0373-2967 – Online ISSN : 2235-3658 – Candollea 70(2) : 219-229 (2015) © CONSERVATOIRE ET JARDIN BOTANIQUES DE GENÈVE 2015 220 – Two new Sabicea (Rubiaceae) from Gabon Candollea 70, 2015 Introduction combined with a peculiar urn-shaped involucre, in the latter. Gabon, a country situated on the Atlantic coast of Central Based on molecular evidence, Khan et al. (2008) proposed a Africa, is well-known for its rich flora counting many broad circumscription for Sabicea including all the segregate national endemics. Sosef et al. (2006) reported 4710 species genera, a position which is followed here. of vascular plants in the country, of which 508 (c. 11%) are The genus Sabicea is particularly well-represented in only known from Gabon. These numbers are approximate Gabon, with c. 45 species according to our analysis. The since the flora of Gabon, and of Central Africa in general, is “Flore du Gabon” (Hallé, 1966) only lists 20 species still imperfectly known. Some species previously considered of Sabicea s.s. and 33 when the segregate genera are endemic to Gabon have since then been discovered in neigh- included, but several additions have been made in sub- bouring countries, such as Congo-Brazzaville (Lachenaud, sequent literature (Hallé, 1971; Walters et al., 2011; 2009). On the other hand, additional Gabonese endemics Zemagho et al., 2014) and a number of species, most are described every year (e.g. Sosef et al., 2007; Bissiengou of them discovered in recent years, are currently under & Sosef, 2008; Janssens et al., 2010; Ntore et al., 2010; description. Gabon is therefore the main center of species Breteler, 2011; Fischer & Lachenaud, 2013; Lachen- diversity of the genus (the second richest country being aud et al., 2013; Lye, 2014), often from recent collections Cameroon with c. 36 species) and Sabicea is among made in previously little-known or even unexplored areas. the ten most species rich genera in the Gabonese flora. The Mabounié region, situated east of Lambaréné on The two species described here, Sabicea golgothae the lower course of the Ngounié river, was one such area O. Lachenaud & Zemagho and S. mabouniensis O. completely unknown to botanists until recently. Plant col- Lachenaud & Zemagho, appear to be morphologically lections made in this area between 2011 and 2014, as part closely related, and according to our current knowledge, of an environmental impact assessment for a mining project, are both endemic to the Mabounié area. They correspond resulted in the discovery of several new species. Among these well with the general characteristics of the genus, but differ are the two remarkable species of Sabicea Aubl. (Rubiaceae, from all other species described so far (Wernham, 1914; Sabiceeae), which are described here. Hepper, 1963; Hallé, 1966, 1971; Khan, 2007; Zemagho The genus Sabicea, in the broad sense, includes et al., 2014) by the combination of a strong anisophylly and c. 145 species (Govaerts et al., 2013) which are distrib- pedunculate inflorescences. Their morphological affinities uted mostly in tropical Africa and South America, with a and conservation status are discussed below. few species in Madagascar and one in Sri Lanka. They are Material and methods usually small twining lianas or creepers occurring in forest edges, and are often abundant along forest tracks. The genus The descriptions are based on the study of living material, is characterised by axillary inflorescences, valvate corolla herbarium specimens, and material preserved in spirit. The aestivation, soft fleshy fruits with numerous small seeds, following herbaria were consulted, but did not yield additional and absence of raphides (Dessein et al., 2001; Khan et collections of the species: BR, BRLU, LBV, MPU, P, WAG al., 2008). and YA. The African species of Sabicea have not been revised as A preliminary risk of extinction assessment was made a whole since Wernham’s (1914) worldwide monograph using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN, of the genus, although a new revision is underway by 2012). The extent of occurrence (EOO) and area of occupancy LZ. Valuable local treatments have been published for West (AOO) were calculated using GeoCAT (Geospatial Conser- Africa (Hepper, 1963), Gabon (Hallé, 1966) and East vation Assessment tool; Bachman et al., 2011) with a cell Africa (Verdcourt & Bridson, 1988). The African species size of 2 km². The number of ‘locations’ (as defined by IUCN, of Sabicea s.l. are morphologically quite diverse, and some 2012) was calculated with regard to the kind of threats, such have been placed in the segregate genera Pseudosabicea N. that a single location may encompass more than one adjacent Hallé, Ecpoma K. Schum. and Stipularia P. Beauv. (Hallé, subpopulation. 1963, 1966), while other authors have included them in a Taxonomy more broadly circumscribed Sabicea (e.g. Hepper, 1958, 1963). The main characters used for generic segregation Sabicea golgothae O. Lachenaud & Zemagho, spec. nova were the habit, and the number of ovary locules: Sabicea s.str. (Fig. 1A-D, 2, 3). included only twining plants with 5-locular ovaries, Pseu- Typus: GABON. Moyen-Ogooué: Mabounié, 0°46’31’’S dosabicea was characterised by 2-locular ovaries and a sar- 10°32’30’’E, 2.XI.2014, Lachenaud, Bidault & Lissam- mentose or creeping (but not twining) habit, while Ecpoma bou 2116 (holo- : BRLU! ; iso- : BR!, G!, LBV!, MO!, P!, and Stipularia both comprised erect plants, with 2-locular WAG!). ovaries in the case of the former, and 3- to 5-locular ovaries Candollea 70, 2015 Two new Sabicea (Rubiaceae) from Gabon – 221 A B C D E F G H Fig. 1. – Sabicea golgothae O. Lachenaud & Zemagho. A. Habit; B. Underside of leaves; C. Inflorescence; D. Fruits. Sabicea mabouniensis O. Lachenaud & Zemagho. E. Habit; F. Detail of stem with inflorescences; G. Inflorescences; H. Underside of leaf. [A-D: Lachenaud et al. 2116; E-H: Lachenaud et al. 1446] [Photos: A, C, F, H: O. Lachenaud; B, D, E, G: E. Bidault] 222 – Two new Sabicea (Rubiaceae) from Gabon Candollea 70, 2015 Fig. 2. – Sabicea golgothae O. Lachenaud & Zemagho. A. Habit; B. Node with stipules and reduced leaf; C. Detail of lower leaf surface; D. Inflorescence; E-F. Bracts; G. Flower; H. Longitudinal section of flower; I. Mature fruit; J. Cross-section of fruit. [Lachenaud et al. 2116, BRLU] [Drawing: Antonio Fernandez] Candollea 70, 2015 Two new Sabicea (Rubiaceae) from Gabon – 223 Habitu reptante, foliis valde anisophyllis, ovarioque biloculare 12-23 × 3.5-10.5 mm, broadly ovate and slightly falcate, acute, Sabicea mabouniensi O. Lachenaud & Zemagho, S. medusula entire or with 1-2 short lateral teeth, slightly veined, sparsely K. Schum. ex Wernham, S. mildbraedii Wernham et S. sthenula hairy outside with +/- appressed hairs 0.3-1 mm long, glabrous (N. Hallé) Razafim. et al. similis est. A S. mabouniensi differt inside. Inflorescences axillary, solitary at each node and borne foliis basi acutis vel obtusis (nec cordatis) et valde discoloribus in the axil of the reduced leaf, densely glomerulate to very indumento subtus lamina obscurante, pedunculis brevioribus shortly cymose, 1.3-1.7 cm long; peduncle very short and (0.2-0.5 nec 0.8-2 cm), calyce rubro (nec viride), corollaque usually hidden by the stipules, 0.2-0.5 cm long, with same omnino alba fauce longiore barbata; ab alteris speciebus inflo- indumentum as the stems; flowering part 1.2-1.4 × 1.7-2.3 cm; rescentiis breviter pedunculatis (nec sessilibus), calyce rubro, ramifications not or hardly distinct, < 0.1 cm. Bracts wine red, fructibusque maioribus distinguitur. numerous, decreasing in size from the base to the apex of the inflorescence, not clearly forming an involucre, entire or Low creeping herb, 5-15 cm high, with stems rooting at shortly dentate, sparsely appressed-hairy outside, glabrous or base; stems villous, with indumentum consisting of c.
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