DOCSLIB.ORG

Kenneth Mateesanwa Tafira 0711140G

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Kenneth Mateesanwa Tafira 0711140G ` UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND KENNETH MATEESANWA TAFIRA 0711140G STEVE BIKO RETURNS: THE PERSISTENCE OF BLACK CONSCIOUSNESS IN AZANIA (SOUTH AFRICA) THESIS SUBMITTED FOR DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEGREE, SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2013. SUPERVISOR: PROFESSOR DAVID .B.COPLAN DECLARATION I hereby declare that this work and ideas contained therein are wholly mine and original. I declare that full referencing and acknowledgement has been done on ideas and thoughts that do not belong to me. I am also aware of the University’s policy against plagiarism. Kenneth. M. Tafira September 2013 ii Dedication This work is dedicated to my late mother....you are living and you are watching MaNdlovu. To Azanian youth trapped in the township struggles and trying to make a meaning of it...hold up. To Grandpa, VaChimusoro Kenneth, this is for you; your wishes are fulfilled To the Great Spirit that dwells in water, Njuzu, I am eternally grateful for the gift and the honour iii Acknowledgements My heartfelt gratitude is due to my supervisor Prof. David B. Coplan for his guidance and advice to Prof. Shahid Vawda for his patience and time to answer my concerns, for his invaluable advice, I am eternally grateful to Carol Coary Taylor, thanks for the support to my family, all love to Tendayi Sithole, thanks bro' for the information and articles you sent me, I benefited handsomely from conversations with you to Sabar, you scintillating man to Zandi Radebe, Tebogo Radebe, Marechera wa Ndata and Blackwash massive...all love to Nicolas Dieltiens and Caroline Tagny, many thanks Kutenda kwakiti kuri mumwoyo (Gratitude of a cat is in her mind). iv Abstract Steve Biko returns and continues to illuminate the postapartheid social order. His contestation by various claimants for different reasons shows his continuing and lasting legacy. However he finds a special niche among a disenfranchised and frustrated township youth who are trapped in township struggles where they attempt to derive meaning. More important is why these youth who neither saw nor participated in the struggle against apartheid are turning to an age old idea like Black Consciousness in a context of the pervasive influence of non-racialism, rainbowism and triumphalism of neo-liberalism. The realisation is that a human-centred society with a human face which Black Consciousness practitioners advocated and strove for is yet to be realised. This shows the anomalies and maladies of a postcolonial dispensation where ideals, principles and teleology of the liberation struggle are yet to be consummated. Thus Black Consciousness as a node in a long thread of black political thought in the country; and as a spirit, will always be both an emotion, and a motion that finds a new meaning with each generation. v List of Acronyms ACU African Christians Union AME African Methodist Episcopal ANC African National Congress ANCYL African National Congress Youth League APDUSA African Peoples Democratic Union of South Africa APC African People’s Congress APLA Azanian Peoples Liberation Army ARV Anti-Retroviral AWB Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging Webblad AZANYU Azanian National Youth Union AZAPO Azanian Peoples Organisation AZAYO Azanian Youth Organisation BCP Black Communities Programmes BEE Black Economic Empowerment BHM Black History Month BPC Black Peoples Convention CBM Consultative Business Movement CCB Civil Cooperation Bureau CE Critical Ethnography COD Congress of Democrats CODESA Convention for a Democratic South Africa COP Congress of the People COSATU Confederation of South African Trade Unions CPC Coloured Peoples Council CP SA Communist Party of South Africa CST Colonisation of a Special Type CYL Congress Youth League DA Democratic Alliance DBE Department of Basic Education DLF Democratic Left Front DP Democratic Party EFF Economic Freedom Fighters FET Further Education and Training FNB First National Bank HPCSA Health Professions Council of South Africa HRC Human Rights Commission ICD Independent Complaints Directorate IMF International Monetary Fund IPID Independent Police Investigations Directorate JMC Joint Management Committee JSE Johannesburg Stock Exchange KZN Kwa-Zulu – Natal LP Labour Party MDG Millennium Development Goals MKWVA Umkhonto weSizwe War Veterans Association MMR Maternal Mortality Rate NACTU National Council of Trade Unions vi NDR National Democratic Revolution NEDLAC National Economic Development and Labour Council NFT New Frank Talk NGK Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk NHI National Health Insurance NIC National Indian Congress NIA National Intelligence Agency NP Nationalist Party NPC National Planning Commission NUMSA National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa NUSAS National Union of South African Students PAC Pan Africanist Congress of Azania PASMA Pan African Students Movement of Azania POPCRU Police and Prisons Civil Rights Unions PYA Progressive Youth Alliance RDP Reconstruction and Development Programme SAB South African Breweries SABC South African Broadcasting Corporation SACP South African Communist Party SADF South African Defence Force SADTU South African Democratic Teachers Union SAIC South African Indian Congress SAIIA South African Institute of International Affairs SAIRR South African Institute of Race Relations SANCO South African National Civic Organisations SAP South African Police SASCO South African Students Congress SASM South African Students Movement SASO South African Student Organisation SASS South African State Security SAYRO Socialist Azanian Youth Revolutionary Organisation SBF Steve Biko Foundation SOE State Owned Enterprises SOPA Socialist Party of Azania SNI September National Imbizo SSRC South Africa Students Representative Council SRC Students Representative Council StasSA Statistics South Africa SYP Siyapambili Youth Pioneers TBVC Transkei Bophuthatswana Venda Ciskei TCE Transvaal College of Education TEC Transitional Executive Council TIC Transvaal Indian Congress TRC Truth and Reconciliation Commission UDF United Democratic Front UNDP United Nations Development Programme UP United Party WHAM Win Hearts and Minds WHO World Health Organisation YCL Young Communist League vii YWCA Young Women’s Christian Association ZANU Zimbabwe African National Union ZANLA Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army ZAPU Zimbabwe African Peoples Union ZIPRA Zimbabwe People’s Revolutionary Army viii Table of Contents Chapter Page Introduction 1 1. The Black Consciousness Movement in Azania 19 1.1. Existentialism and Humanism in Black Consciousness Philosophy 27 1.1.1. Frantz Fanon 28 1.1.2. Steve Biko 30 1.1.3. Amilcar Cabral 33 1.2. Black Theology 34 1.3. Race and Class 40 2. BC and It's Fortunes After 1976 49 3. BC in the Postpartheid Era 61 3.1. Blackwash 71 3.1.1. Political Education 76 3.1.2. Film Screenings 77 3.1.3. Bua Blackwash Bua 78 3.2. Black Socialism 79 3.3. Contradictions, Contractions and Contestations among BC Youth 92 3.3.1. Where Do Go From Here? 109 3.4. The September National Imbizo 120 3.5. Hagiography and Biko's Contested Legacy 126 4. Youth Politics, Agency and Subjectivity 135 4.1. Sadique Variava 141 4.1.1. B 144 4.2. Siyapambili Youth Pioneers (SYP) 150 4.3. Blaq Aesthetics 153 5. The Social Construction of Blackness in Azania (South Africa) 156 5.1. The Black Body and Social Suffering 157 5.2. Blackness as Labour 167 5.3. Blackness and Social Science 170 5.4. Blackness as Agency 174 5.5. Postapartheid, a post racial society? 193 6. The Black Middle Class and Black Struggles 207 7. Culture and History in the Black Struggles for Liberation 226 7.1. The Modernist View 227 7.1.1. Culture and History 234 7.1.1.1. The Roots View 239 8. Collaboration, Complicity and “Selling – Out” in South Africa Historiography245 8.1. Collaboration, Complicity in South African History 246 ix 8.2. Homelands and Collaboration 263 8.3. Categories of a “Sell – Out”/ Collaborator 275 8.3.1. Impimpi/Mthengesis/Mdayisi 275 8.3.2. Askari 282 8.3.3. Amagundwane (Rats) 283 8.3.4. The Vigilantes 284 8.4. Why Do People Sell – Out? 286 9. Transference and Re (de) placement and the edge Towards a post colonial Conundrum 291 9.1. The Transference and Re (de) placement 292 9.1.1. The Congress Approach 292 9.1.2. PAC and BCM Perspective 297 9.2. The Postcolonial Malady 305 9.3. The Black Condition 321 9.3.1. Nationalisation 324 9.3.2. Land 326 9.3.3. Education 330 9.3.4. Health 333 9.3.5. Police Brutality 335 10.The Nation 340 10.1. The Unity Movement/BC and Africanist Position 341 10.1.1. The Congress Tradition 356 10.2. Nation in the postapartheid 359 11.Symbols, Symbolism and the New Social Order 370 11.1. The Masses 382 11.2. The 2010 Soccer World Cup 388 Concluding Remarks 391 Bibliography 393 x Introduction Black Consciousness (BC) is a historical idea rooted in the colonial encounter between Africans and colonisers. Although BC has come to be associated with Steve Biko, it is a consummation of a long tradition steeped in the desire by colonised Africans to liberate themselves. It is a strand; a node in a long thread woven through different historical epochs in Azanian resistance struggles. It is my intention to trace this idea. More important is the question why certain ideas persist throughout history, refusing to be buried but like a spectre or ghost of the past returning to haunt the present. I realise this is a monumental task to undertake or even a mammoth question to ask and answer. In this thesis I seek to answer the question why should certain ideas like BC persist through history, even when they are pronounced “deceased.” Interestingly some of the contemporary BC-oriented youth neither saw nor participated in the struggle against apartheid (as seen in BC youth formation Blackwash). I trace the development of political lineage of BC in Azania from early African nationalism of the mission-educated elite, Ethiopianism, Garveyism to BC in its contemporary forms. I also argue that ideas travel; that while Africans were transported as human cargo into the New World, they came back into the continent in the form of an idea – Pan-Africanism.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Transnational Resistance Strategies and Subnational Concessions in Namibia's Police Zone, 1919-1962
    Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2021 “Remov[e] Us From the Bondage of South Africa:” Transnational Resistance Strategies and Subnational Concessions in Namibia's Police Zone, 1919-1962 Michael R. Hogan West Virginia University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Part of the African History Commons Recommended Citation Hogan, Michael R., "“Remov[e] Us From the Bondage of South Africa:” Transnational Resistance Strategies and Subnational Concessions in Namibia's Police Zone, 1919-1962" (2021). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 8264. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/8264 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “Remov[e] Us From the Bondage of South Africa:” Transnational Resistance Strategies and Subnational Concessions in Namibia's Police Zone, 1919-1962 Michael Robert Hogan Dissertation submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In History Robert M.
    [Show full text]
  • CCS Anti-Xenophobia Research and Community Outreach
    CCS Anti-Xenophobia research and community outreach Documentation, 2010 CCS anti-xenophobia research workshop, 27 February 2010 ANTI-XENOPHOBIA RESEARCH/ACTION WORKSHOP CENTRE FOR CIVIL SOCIETY, STRATEGY&TACTICS and DURBAN CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANISATIONS DATE: 27 FEBRUARY 2010 TIME: 9AM-3:30PM VENUE: MEMORIAL TOWER BUILDING L2 (in tallest building at Howard College) Research papers Xenophobia in Bottlebrush: An investigation into the reasons behind the attacks on African immigrants in an informal settlement in Durban. Xenophobia and Civil Society: Durban’s Structured Social Divisions Agenda 9:00-09:30 Tea with muffin + film screening 9:30-09:45 Welcome: Patrick Bond, Introduction to Durban Case Study: Baruti Amisi, Faith ka Manzi, Sheperd Zvavanhu, Orlean Naidoo, Nokuthula Cele, Trevor Ngwane 9:40-10:30 Presentation of Durban Case Study (1) Patrick Bond: Overview of Durban Case Study (2) Trevor Ngwane: Bottlebrush (3) Baruti Amisi: Migrant Voices 10:30-11:00 Presentation by Nobi Dube, Ramaphosa Case study and Summary of recommendations from national case studies by Jenny Parsley 11:00-12:00 Discussion 12:00-12:15 Presentation of themes from research and ways forward, with Trevor 12:15-13:00 Breakaway Groups (geographic areas and interests) with Amisi and Trevor 13:00-14:00 Lunch 14:00-14:30 Presentations by Breakaway Groups 14:30-15:00 Discussion and anti-xenophobia strategies facilitated by Amisi and Trevor 15:00-15:15 Concluding Remarks: Patrick Bond 15:15 Vote of thanks: Baruti Amisi Workshop Themes: 1) Civil society, social movements,
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Ascendance Is/As Moral Rightness: the New Religious Political Right in Post-Apartheid South Africa Part
    Economic Ascendance is/as Moral Rightness: The New Religious Political Right in Post-apartheid South Africa Part One: The Political Introduction If one were to go by the paucity of academic scholarship on the broad New Right in the post-apartheid South African context, one would not be remiss for thinking that the country is immune from this global phenomenon. I say broad because there is some academic scholarship that deals only with the existence of right wing organisations at the end of the apartheid era (du Toit 1991, Grobbelaar et al. 1989, Schönteich 2004, Schönteich and Boshoff 2003, van Rooyen 1994, Visser 2007, Welsh 1988, 1989,1995, Zille 1988). In this older context, this work focuses on a number of white Right organisations, including their ideas of nationalism, the role of Christianity in their ideologies, as well as their opposition to reform in South Africa, especially the significance of the idea of partition in these organisations. Helen Zille’s list, for example, includes the Herstigte Nasionale Party, Conservative Party, Afrikaner People’s Guard, South African Bureau of Racial Affairs (SABRA), Society of Orange Workers, Forum for the Future, Stallard Foundation, Afrikaner Resistance Movement (AWB), and the White Liberation Movement (BBB). There is also literature that deals with New Right ideology and its impact on South African education in the transition era by drawing on the broader literature on how the New Right was using education as a primary battleground globally (Fataar 1997, Kallaway 1989). Moreover, another narrow and newer literature exists that continues the focus on primarily extreme right organisations in South Africa that have found resonance in the global context of the rise of the so-called Alternative Right that rejects mainstream conservatism.
    [Show full text]
  • Sociological Theory and Philosophical Analysis Other Books by Dorothy Emmet
    Sociological Theory and Philosophical Analysis Other books by Dorothy Emmet Whitehead's Philosophy of Organism The Nature of Metaphysical Thinking Function, Purpose and Powers Rules, Roles and Relations Space, Time and Deity (editor) Sociological Theory and Philosophical Analysis A Collection Edited with an Introduction by DOROTHY EMMET and ALASDAIR MACINTYRE Palgrave Macmillan ® Editorial matter and selection Dorothy Emmet and Alasdair MacIntyre 1970 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means without permission. First published 1970 by MACMILLAN AND CO LTD London and Basingstoke AssoC£ated companies in Toronto Dublin Melbourne Johannesburg and Madras ISBN 978-0-333-10522-1 ISBN 978-1-349-15388-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-15388-6 The Papermac edition of this book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent, in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. Contents Introduction IX 1 Concept and Theory Formation in the Social Sciences Alfred Schutz 1 2 Is it a Science? Sidney Morgenbesser 20 3 Knowledge and Interest Jurgen Habermas 36 4 Sociological Explanation Tom Burns 55 5 Methodological Individualism Reconsidered Steven Lukes 76 6 The Problem of Rationality in the Social World Alfred Schutz 89 7 Concepts and Society Ernest Gellner 115 8 Symbols in Ndembu Ritual Victor Turner 150 9 Telstar and the Aborigines or La pensee sauvage Edmund Leach 183 10 Groote Eylandt Totemism and Le Totemisme aujourd'hui Peter Worsley 204 List of Contributors 223 Bibliography 225 Index 229 v Acknowledgements Acknowledgements for permission to reprint the papers in this collection are made to the following: For 'Concept and Theory Formation in the Social Sciences' and 'The Problems of Rationality in a Social World', to Martinus Nijhoff.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Entrevista Con Fredrik Barth
    AIBR. Revista de Antropología Iberoamericana ISSN: 1695-9752 [email protected] Asociación de Antropólogos Iberoamericanos en Red Organismo Internacional Anderson, Robert Entrevista con Fredrik Barth AIBR. Revista de Antropología Iberoamericana, vol. 2, núm. 2, mayo-agosto, 2007, pp. 179-195 Asociación de Antropólogos Iberoamericanos en Red Madrid, Organismo Internacional Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=62320203 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Entrevista con Fredrik Barth 179 ENTREVISTA CON FREDRIK BARTH Oslo, 5 de Junio de 2005 Entrevista: Robert Anderson Traducción: Lydia Rodríguez Nota del autor: Durante una estancia en la Universidad de Cambridge en el curso 2004-2005 y mientras trabajaba en un estudio sobre los orígenes biográficos de la obra Political Systems of Highland Burma, conversé con varias personas en relación a los recuerdos que tenían de Edmund Leach. Así fue como contacté con Fredrik Barth y le pedí permiso para grabar nuestra conversación y formar parte de la serie anthropological ancestors coordinada por Alan Macfarlane en Cambridge. Tomé un vuelo directo de bajo coste a Oslo en un aeropuerto cercano a Cambridge y subí al tranvía que culmina la ladera de las montañas desde las que se divisa Oslo. Esa brillante y soleada mañana entré en la casa donde vive desde 1961. El profesor Barth, entonces con 77 años de edad, acababa de regresar de un tribunal de tesis en la Universidad de Bergen.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Arrangements As a Peacemaking Device During South Africa's Transition to Democracy Author(S): Nico Steytler and Johann Mettler Source: Publius, Vol
    Federal Arrangements as a Peacemaking Device during South Africa's Transition to Democracy Author(s): Nico Steytler and Johann Mettler Source: Publius, Vol. 31, No. 4, (Autumn, 2001), pp. 93-106 Published by: Oxford University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3331063 Accessed: 10/06/2008 15:34 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=oup. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We enable the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. http://www.jstor.org Federal Arrangements as a Peacemaking Device During South Africa's Transition to Democracy Nico Steytler Universityof the WesternCape Johann Mettler Universityof the WesternCape Federal arrangements are often used as a way of keeping deeply divided societies together.
    [Show full text]
  • Freedom As Marronage
    Freedom as Marronage Freedom as Marronage NEIL ROBERTS The University of Chicago Press Chicago and London Neil Roberts is associate professor of Africana studies and a faculty affiliate in political science at Williams College. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London © 2015 by The University of Chicago All rights reserved. Published 2015. Printed in the United States of America 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 1 2 3 4 5 ISBN- 13: 978- 0- 226- 12746- 0 (cloth) ISBN- 13: 978- 0- 226- 20104- 7 (paper) ISBN- 13: 978- 0- 226- 20118- 4 (e- book) DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226201184.001.0001 Jacket illustration: LeRoy Clarke, A Prophetic Flaming Forest, oil on canvas, 2003. Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Roberts, Neil, 1976– author. Freedom as marronage / Neil Roberts. pages ; cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978- 0- 226- 12746- 0 (cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN 978- 0- 226- 20104- 7 (pbk : alk. paper) — ISBN 978- 0- 226- 20118- 4 (e- book) 1. Maroons. 2. Fugitive slaves—Caribbean Area. 3. Liberty. I. Title. F2191.B55R62 2015 323.1196'0729—dc23 2014020609 o This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48– 1992 (Permanence of Paper). For Karima and Kofi Time would pass, old empires would fall and new ones take their place, the relations of countries and the relations of classes had to change, before I discovered that it is not quality of goods and utility which matter, but movement; not where you are or what you have, but where you have come from, where you are going and the rate at which you are getting there.
    [Show full text]
  • Nigerian Nationalism: a Case Study in Southern Nigeria, 1885-1939
    Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 1972 Nigerian nationalism: a case study in southern Nigeria, 1885-1939 Bassey Edet Ekong Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the African Studies Commons, and the International Relations Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Ekong, Bassey Edet, "Nigerian nationalism: a case study in southern Nigeria, 1885-1939" (1972). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 956. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.956 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. AN ABSTRACT OF' THE 'I'HESIS OF Bassey Edet Skc1::lg for the Master of Arts in History prt:;~'entE!o. 'May l8~ 1972. Title: Nigerian Nationalism: A Case Study In Southern Nigeria 1885-1939. APPROVED BY MEMBERS OF THE THESIS COMMITIIEE: ranklln G. West Modern Nigeria is a creation of the Britiahl who be­ cause of economio interest, ignored the existing political, racial, historical, religious and language differences. Tbe task of developing a concept of nationalism from among suoh diverse elements who inhabit Nigeria and speak about 280 tribal languages was immense if not impossible. The tra.ditionalists did their best in opposing the Brltlsh who took away their privileges and traditional rl;hts, but tbeir policy did not countenance nationalism. The rise and growth of nationalism wa3 only po~ sible tbrough educs,ted Africans.
    [Show full text]
  • SOUTH AFRICAN POLITICAL EXILE in the UNITED KINGDOM Al50by Mark Israel
    SOUTH AFRICAN POLITICAL EXILE IN THE UNITED KINGDOM Al50by Mark Israel INTERNATIONAL VICTIMOLOGY (co-editor) South African Political Exile in the United Kingdom Mark Israel SeniorLecturer School of Law TheFlinders University ofSouth Australia First published in Great Britain 1999 by MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-1-349-14925-4 ISBN 978-1-349-14923-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-14923-0 First published in the United States of Ameri ca 1999 by ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC., Scholarly and Reference Division. 175 Fifth Avenue. New York. N.Y. 10010 ISBN 978-0-312-22025-9 Library of Congre ss Cataloging-in-Publication Data Israel. Mark. 1965- South African political exile in the United Kingdom / Mark Israel. p. cm. Include s bibliographical references and index . ISBN 978-0-312-22025-9 (cloth) I. Political refugees-Great Britain-History-20th century. 2. Great Britain-Exiles-History-20th century. 3. South Africans­ -Great Britain-History-20th century. I. Title . HV640.5.S6I87 1999 362.87'0941-dc21 98-32038 CIP © Mark Israel 1999 Softcover reprint of the hardcover Ist edition 1999 All rights reserved . No reprodu ction. copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publicat ion may be reproduced. copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provision s of the Copyright. Design s and Patents Act 1988. or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency .
    [Show full text]
  • TV on the Afrikaans Cinematic Film Industry, C.1976-C.1986
    Competing Audio-visual Industries: A business history of the influence of SABC- TV on the Afrikaans cinematic film industry, c.1976-c.1986 by Coenraad Johannes Coetzee Thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Art and Sciences (History) in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Dr Anton Ehlers December 2017 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za THESIS DECLARATION By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. December 2017 Copyright © 2017 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS Historical research frequently requires investigations that have ethical dimensions. Although not to the same extent as in medical experimentation, for example, the social sciences do entail addressing ethical considerations. This research is conducted at the University of Stellenbosch and, as such, must be managed according to the institution’s Framework Policy for the Assurance and Promotion of Ethically Accountable Research at Stellenbosch University. The policy stipulates that all accumulated data must be used for academic purposes exclusively. This study relies on social sources and ensures that the university’s policy on the values and principles of non-maleficence, scientific validity and integrity is followed. All participating oral sources were informed on the objectives of the study, the nature of the interviews (such as the use of a tape recorder) and the relevance of their involvement.
    [Show full text]
  • Trc-Media-Sapa-2000.Pdf
    GRAHAMSTOWN Jan 5 Sapa THREE OF DE KOCK'S CO-ACCUSED TO CHALLENGE TRC DECISION Three former security branch policemen plan to challenge the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's decision to refuse them and seven of their former colleagues, including Eugene de Kock, amnesty for the 1989 murder of four policemen. De Kock, Daniel Snyman, Nicholaas Janse Van Rensburg, Gerhardus Lotz, Jacobus Kok, Wybrand Du Toit, Nicolaas Vermeulen, Marthinus Ras and Gideon Nieuwoudt admitted responsibility for the massive car bomb which claimed the lives of Warrant Officer Mbalala Mgoduka, Sergeant Amos Faku, Sergeant Desmond Mpipa and an Askari named Xolile Shepherd Sekati. The four men died when a bomb hidden in the police car they were travelling in was detonated in a deserted area in Motherwell, Port Elizabeth, late at night in December 1989. Lawyer for Nieuwoudt, Lotz and Van Rensburg, Francois van der Merwe said he would shortly give notice to the TRC of their intention to take on review the decision to refuse the nine men amnesty. He said the judgment would be taken on review in its entirety, and if it was overturned by the court, the TRC would once again have to apply its mind to the matter in respect of all nine applicants. The applicants had been "unfairly treated", he said and the judges had failed to properly apply their mind to the matter. The amnesty decision was split, with Acting Judge Denzil Potgieter and Judge Bernard Ngoepe finding in the majority decision that the nine men did not qualify for amnesty as the act was not associated with a political objective and was not directed against members of the ANC or other liberation movements.
    [Show full text]
  • Custodians of the Cape Peninsula: a Historical and Contemporary Ethnography of Urban Conservation in Cape Town
    Custodians of the Cape Peninsula: A historical and contemporary ethnography of urban conservation in Cape Town by Janie Swanepoel Thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Social Anthropology in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Prof Steven L. Robins December 2013 Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. December 2013 Copyright © 2013 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved II Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za ABSTRACT The official custodian of the Cape Peninsula mountain chain, located at the centre of Cape Town, is the Table Mountain National Park (TMNP). This park is South Africa’s only urban open-access park and has been declared a World Heritage Site. This thesis is an anthropological and historical examination of the past and present conservation of the Cape Peninsula . I provide an overview of the relationship between the urban environment and the Cape Peninsula aiming to illustrate the produced character of the mountains and its mediation in power relations. This study of custodianship reveals that protecting and conserving the Cape Peninsula is shaped by the politics of the urban and natural environment as well as by the experience of living in the city.
    [Show full text]