A Cognitive-Interactive Approach to Chinese Characters Learning: System Design and Development
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The Chinese People's Liberation Army at 75
THE LESSONS OF HISTORY: THE CHINESE PEOPLE’S LIBERATION ARMY AT 75 Edited by Laurie Burkitt Andrew Scobell Larry M. Wortzel July 2003 ***** The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This report is cleared for public release; distribution is unlimited. ***** Comments pertaining to this report are invited and should be forwarded to: Director, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 122 Forbes Ave., Carlisle, PA 17013-5244. Copies of this report may be obtained from the Publications Office by calling (717) 245-4133, FAX (717) 245-3820, or via the Internet at [email protected] ***** Most 1993, 1994, and all later Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) monographs are available on the SSI Homepage for electronic dissemination. SSI’s Homepage address is: http:// www.carlisle.army.mil/ssi/index.html ***** The Strategic Studies Institute publishes a monthly e-mail news- letter to update the national security community on the research of our analysts, recent and forthcoming publications, and upcoming conferences sponsored by the Institute. Each newsletter also pro- vides a strategic commentary by one of our research analysts. If you are interested in receiving this newsletter, please let us know by e-mail at [email protected] or by calling (717) 245-3133. ISBN 1-58487-126-1 ii CONTENTS Foreword Ambassador James R. Lilley . v Part I: Overview. 1 1. Introduction: The Lesson Learned by China’s Soldiers Laurie Burkitt, Andrew Scobell, and Larry M. -
About Chinese Names
Journal of East Asian Libraries Volume 2003 Number 130 Article 4 6-1-2003 About Chinese Names Sheau-yueh Janey Chao Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/jeal BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Chao, Sheau-yueh Janey (2003) "About Chinese Names," Journal of East Asian Libraries: Vol. 2003 : No. 130 , Article 4. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/jeal/vol2003/iss130/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of East Asian Libraries by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. CHINESE NAMES sheau yueh janey chao baruch college city university new york introduction traditional chinese society family chia clan tsu play indispensable role establishing sustaining prevailing value system molding life individuals shaping communitys social relations orderly stable pattern lin 1959 clan consolidating group organized numerous components family members traced patrilineal descent common ancestor first settled given locality composed lines genealogical lineage bearing same family name therefore family name groups real substance clan formed chen 1968 further investigation origin development spread chinese families population genealogical family name materials essential study reason why anthropologists ethnologists sociologists historians devoting themselves study family names clan article includes study several important topics -
42 Wade–Giles Romanization System
42 Wade–Giles ROMANIZATION SYSTEM Karen Steffen Chung N ATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY The Wade–Giles Romanization system for standard Mandarin Chinese held a distinguished place of honor in Sinology and popular usage from the late nineteenth century until the 1970s, when it began losing ground to Hanyu Pinyin. But that is not to say that the Wade– Giles system was not, and is not still, without its problems, and consequently, its sometimes highly vocal detractors. Historical absence of a phonetic alphabet, fanqie and tone marking It is surprising that the Chinese did not develop their own phonetic alphabet before the arrival of Western missionaries in China starting in the sixteenth century. The closest they came was the use of the fǎnqiè system, under which two relatively well-known characters, plus the word fǎn 反 or later mostly qiè 切, were given after a lexical item. The reader needed to take the initial of the first and splice it onto the final rhyme and tone of the second, to derive the pronunciation of the item being looked up. A typical entry is dōng déhóng qiè 東 德紅切, i.e. dé plus hóng in the qiè 切 system make dōng. (The second tone had not yet separated from the first at this time, thus the difference in tones.) One big advantage of the system is that the fǎnqiè characters were already familiar to any literate Chinese, so there was no need to learn a new set of symbols. The disadvantage is that there is no way to know with certainty the actual phonetic realizations of the syllables at the time . -
Flobert Rui Feng
University of Alberta A Dyadic Autoethnography of a Learner of English via Chinese by Flobert Rui Feng A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Secondary Education © Flobert Rui Feng Spring 2014 Edmonton, Alberta DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my daughter and son, Justina and Justin, as in their future, their children (and children and grandchildren of others) may have a more efficient way of learning and using one or more additional languages. ABSTRACT The plethora of research on ESL, L1, L2 and ethnography has left under- reported autoethnographies borrowing mathematics as a tool for thinking. In response to the multiplicity, this dissertation explores personal and academic experiences to expose my own development of an L2 learner, in transcultural, translingual, and transnational identity formation and construction, via the learning and teaching of a second language. The methodology I have chosen to use is autoethnography, a relatively new momentum-gaining research tool that combines characteristics of ethnography and autobiography in the latter part of the twentieth century. It is very useful in writing about the dialectical personal and professional creative experiences of fixity and fluidity because, in autoethnographic writing, the observer and observed, the researcher and the researched, the emic and the etic, or the insider and the outsider, are the same. The central issue in this dissertation -
A History of Reading in Late Imperial China, 1000-1800
A HISTORY OF READING IN LATE IMPERIAL CHINA, 1000-1800 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Li Yu, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2003 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Galal Walker, advisor Professor Mark Bender Professor Cynthia J. Brokaw ______________________________ Professor Patricia A. Sieber Advisor East Asian Languages and Literatures ABSTRACT This dissertation is a historical ethnographic study on the act of reading in late imperial China. Focusing on the practice and representation of reading, I present a mosaic of how reading was conceptualized, perceived, conducted, and transmitted from the tenth to the eighteenth centuries. My central argument is that reading, or dushu, was an indispensable component in the tapestry of cultural life and occupied a unique position in the landscape of social history in late imperial China. Reading is not merely a psychological act of individuals, but also a set of complicated social practices determined and conditioned by social conventions. The dissertation consists of six chapters. Chapter 1 discusses motivation, scope, methodology, and sources of the study. I introduce a dozen different Chinese terms related to the act of reading. Chapter 2 examines theories and practices of how children were taught to read. Focusing on four main pedagogical procedures, namely memorization, vocalization, punctuation, and explication, I argue that the loud chanting of texts and the constant anxiety of reciting were two of the most prominent themes that ran through both the descriptive and prescriptive discourses on the history of reading in late imperial ii China. -
Resource-Sharing and Genealogical Research on Islamic Chinese Names in Guilin
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Publications and Research Baruch College 2013 Resource-sharing and genealogical research on Islamic Chinese names in Guilin Sheau-yueh J. Chao CUNY Bernard M. Baruch College How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/bb_pubs/128 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Resource-sharing and Genealogical Research on Islamic Chinese Names in Guilin Sheau-yueh J. Chao Professor and Librarian, Head, Cataloging, William and Anita Newman Library, Baruch College, City University of New York 151 E. 25th Street, New York, NY 10010 (646) 312-1698 (Voice) (646) 312-1691 (Fax) [email protected] Abstract Jiapu 家譜, the Chinese Family Register, has been used for thousands of years to trace the genealogical history of a clan and lineage, including a family’s origin, its collateral lines, the migration history of the clan, names and ages of the members, records of marriages, births and deaths, merits and deeds, ancestral biography and ancestral locality. This paper examines the historical evolution and value of Chinese genealogical records with the focus on researching the Islamic Chinese names found in Jiapu and used by the people living in Guilin, Guangxi Province. It provides the historical background of genealogical records and analyzes the value of Chinese genealogical research through the study of names and genealogical resources. The paper highlights the analysis and evolution of the Islamic Chinese names commonly adopted by the local people in Guilin. -
110418 EN 1.Pdf
CCTV Launches a Large-scale Cross-year Vocal Concert for the First Time On December 31, 2010, CCTV large-scale cross-year vocal concert entitled Our Life is Full of Sunshine was successfully broadcast. The old, middle-aged and young artists were invited to sing classic songs, which integrated modern and fashionable elements, skillfully combined the main theme with performance and created joyful and auspicious festival atmosphere. The audience responded enthusiastically and nearly 1.2 million viewers sent SMS to participate in the interaction. Many artists sang high praise of the concert and thought that it fully reflected humanistic care and profound culture. 20 million plus the central overseas bureaus established in Europe and The audience performance of documentary channel has America in 2008 constitute seven central overseas bureaus of been extraordinary after it was launched. On January 2, the CCTV. Up to now, CCTV has established tens of overseas bureaus audience share reached 0.1095%, 0.1127% on January 3 and and domestic emergency reporting stations, with 50 overseas 0.17% high on January 5. On both days, there were 20 million bureaus and 30 domestic emergent reporting stations in total. viewers, and the audience performance is much better than 849 million that of other newly launched channels of CCTV, reflecting the The 16th Asian Games was closed in Guangzhou City on the significant effect of publicity befor night of November 27, 2010. The audience had strong desire to 50 watch it as the Asian Games was held in China this time. Data indicates that, 67.84% of the viewers (849 million) watched the In 2010, the reporter stations of CCTV in Russia, Africa, Asia- matches of the Asian Games and other relevant programs within Pacific, Latin America and Middle East were inaugurated, which the 16 days through CCTV-1, CCTV-5, CCTV-7 and CCTV-12. -
Westminsterresearch Ideological Sinicization of China Central
WestminsterResearch http://www.westminster.ac.uk/westminsterresearch Ideological Sinicization of China Central Television in Africa A Reception Analysis of African Audiences Xiang, Y. This is an electronic version of a PhD thesis awarded by the University of Westminster. © Miss Yu Xiang, 2018. The WestminsterResearch online digital archive at the University of Westminster aims to make the research output of the University available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the authors and/or copyright owners. Whilst further distribution of specific materials from within this archive is forbidden, you may freely distribute the URL of WestminsterResearch: ((http://westminsterresearch.wmin.ac.uk/). In case of abuse or copyright appearing without permission e-mail [email protected] Ideological Sinicization of China Central Television in Africa A Reception Analysis of African Audiences Yu Xiang A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Westminster for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy April 2018 ABSTRACT China’s booming investment in and trade with many African countries since the early 2000s marks the beginning of a new wave of industrial escalation on a global scale and at the same time a revived campaign for a new world information and communication order. The launch of CCTV-Africa in Nairobi, Kenya in January 2012 was a significant milestone in the ‘China media going global’ project initiated by the Chinese government in 2009. This research is aimed at conducting a reception analysis of the African audiences of CCTV-Africa from the perspective of critical political and economic media studies. The focus of this research is not limited to the audience reception of the media content produced by CCTV-Africa but also focuses on the wider context of China-Africa political and economic interactions within the global structure of capitalism. -
China Media Bulletin
CHINA MEDIA BULLETIN A weekly update of press freedom and censorship news related to the People’s Republic of China Issue No. 67: September 13, 2012 Top Headlines Media silence sparks rumors on Xi Jinping’s absence Regulator issues more rules on TV content Opponents protest Hong Kong’s pro-Beijing education plan Canadian reporter claims Xinhua used him for spying National Review’ explores academic self-censorship on China PHOTO OF THE WEEK: FLAG OF INCONVENIENCE Credit: China Media Project BROADCAST / PRINT MEDIA NEWS Media silence sparks rumors on Xi Jinping’s absence State-controlled media have been largely silent on the recent absence from public view of Vice President Xi Jinping, who is expected to succeed President Hu Jintao in the coming months (see CMB No. 63), fueling heated speculation online and overseas. For nearly two weeks, no public activities by Xi have been reported in state media, which are known for exhaustive coverage of senior leaders’ official duties. Xi’s absence was first widely noticed on September 5, when news surfaced that he had canceled meetings with visiting foreign dignitaries, including U.S. secretary of state Hillary Clinton and Singaporean prime minister Lee Hsien Loong. He also called off a meeting with Helle Thorning-Schmidt, Denmark’s prime minister, on September 10. Possible explanations have ranged from unconfirmed reports that Xi is recovering from a back injury sustained while swimming, to rumors that he was injured in a car accident, or even a deliberate crash linked to party infighting ahead of the leadership change. Although state-run media are secretive regarding the health of top leaders, when inaccurate reports have surfaced in the past—such as claims that former president Jiang Zemin had died in July 2011 (see CMB No. -
English to Chinese Translation: How Chinese Character Matters?
PACLIC 29 English to Chinese Translation: How Chinese Character Matters? Rui Wang1;2, Hai Zhao1;2 ∗ y and Bao-Liang Lu1;2 1Center for Brain-Like Computing and Machine Intelligence, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China 2Key Laboratory of Shanghai Education Commission for Intelligent Interaction and Cognitive Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China [email protected] and fzhaohai, [email protected] Abstract 1 Introduction Word segmentation is necessary in most Chinese Word segmentation is helpful in Chinese nat- language processing doubtlessly, because there are ural language processing in many aspects. no natural spaces between characters in Chinese tex- However it is showed that different word seg- mentation strategies do not affect the per- t (Xi et al., 2012). It is defined in this paper as formance of Statistical Machine Translation character-based segmentation if Chinese sentence is (SMT) from English to Chinese significant- segmented into characters, otherwise as word seg- ly. In addition, it will cause some confu- mentation. sions in the evaluation of English to Chinese In Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) in SMT. So we make an empirical attempt to which Chinese is target language, few work have translation English to Chinese in the charac- ter level, in both the alignment model and lan- shown that better word segmentation will lead to guage model. A series of empirical compari- better result in SMT (Zhao et al., 2013; Chang et al., son experiments have been conducted to show 2008; Zhang et al., 2008). Recently Xi et al. (2012) how different factors affect the performance of demonstrate that Chinese character alignment can character-level English to Chinese SMT. -
A Force for a New Era CHINA STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVES 13
CHINA STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVES 13 China’s Strategic Support Force: A Force for a New Era by John Costello and Joe McReynolds Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs The mission of the China Center is to serve as a national focal point and resource center for multidisciplinary research and analytic exchanges on the national goals and strategic posture of the People’s Republic of China and the ability of that nation to develop, field, and deploy an effective military instrument in support of its national stra- tegic objectives. The Center keeps officials in the Department of Defense (DOD), other government agencies, and Congress apprised of the results of these efforts. The Center also engages the faculty and students of the National Defense University and other components of the DOD professional military education system in aspects of its work and thereby assists their respective programs of teaching, training, and research. The Center has an active outreach program designed to pro- mote exchanges among American and international analysts of Chinese military affairs. China Cyber and Intelligence Studies Institute CCISI is a nonprofit organization focused on the study of China’s use of cyber, intelligence, and information operations as instruments of state power. CCISI seeks to empower policymakers and analysts with a nuanced and informed view of Chinese cyber issues derived from in- depth study of Chinese language sources, strategy, doctrine, and capa- bilities. John Costello and Joe McReynolds are co-founders and Director Emeritus and Director of Operations, respectively, for CCISI. -
Dissertation: "The Transformation of Medieval Chinese Elites"
THE TRANSFORMATION OF MEDIEVAL CHINESE ELITES (850-1000 C.E.) Nicolas Olivier Tackett Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2006 © 2006 Nicolas Olivier Tackett All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT The Transformation of Medieval Chinese Elites (850-1000 C.E.) Nicolas Olivier Tackett Scholars of medieval China agree that between the late Tang (618-907) and the early Song (960-1279), Chinese society underwent a remarkable cultural, social, political, and economic transformation. One of the most dramatic aspects of this “Tang-Song transition” was the upheaval in the composition of Chinese elites, marked by the complete disappearance of the great aristocratic clans that had once surpassed even the emperors in prestige. This dissertation examines the evolution of Chinese elites during the multi-decade political interregnum between Tang and Song—a period that is a virtual black hole in Chinese studies yet holds the key to understanding the changes that revolutionized Chinese society. One thousand tomb epitaphs and a similar number of dynastic history biographies form the basis of a biregional (Hebei vs. Huainan/Jiangnan) prosopographic study that explores the disappearance of the medieval aristocracy; the social and cultural impact of the endemic migration that accompanied the circulation of roving armies; and the relationships between different elite types (civil bureaucrats, military officers, merchants, non-officeholding landowners).