Unit 8, Period 8 Name:_______________________________________________________________ Class Period:____ Making Inferences … AIM, UFW, and Yellow Power Skill 7: Appropriate Use of Relevant Historical Evidence Historical thinking involves the ability to describe and evaluate evidence about the past from diverse sources (including written documents, works of art, archaeological artifacts, oral traditions, and other primary sources) and requires the students to pay attention to the content, authorship, purpose, format, and audience of such sources. It involves the capacity to extract useful information, make supportable inferences, and draw appropriate conclusions from historical evidence, while also noting the context in which the evidence was produced and used, recognizing its limitations and assessing the points of view it reflects. From the Period 8 Content Outline: II. Stirred by a growing awareness of inequalities in American society and by the African American civil rights movement, activists also addressed issues of identity and social justice, such as gender/sexuality and ethnicity. A. Activists began to question society’s assumptions about gender and to call for social and economic equality for women and for gays and lesbians. B. Latinos, American Indians, and Asian Americans began to demand social and economic equality and a redress of past injustices. Directions: Analyze each document using your HIPP strategy, and then – in one complete sentence – explain the historical significance of each. When considering significance, think about causes, effects, change over time, periodization, etc. Additional Notes on AIM and UFW included in this activity. Review these movements, and highlight cues on pages 3-9 before completing the analysis. SI SE PUEDE means “if possible” Images captured from ufwstore.com, aafe.org, and aics.org Historical Analysis Activity written by Rebecca Richardson, Allen High School using the 2012 College Board APUSH Framework, images and content from sources as cited in document, and HIPP strategy developed by John P. Irish, Carroll High School Unit 8, Period 8 To the Great White Father Speech by Cesar Chavez The following is an excerpt from the proclamation “To the Great White Father Cesar Chavez was the leader of the United Farm Workers, which was formed to and All His People,” written by an activist who occupied Alcatraz Island. improve the rights and working conditions of migrant farm workers. We, the Native Americans, re-claim the land known as Alcatraz Island in the name My friends, as we enter a new of all American Indians by right of discovery. We will purchase said Alcatraz decade, it should be clear to all of Island for twenty-four dollars [$24] in glass beads and red cloth, a precedent set by us that there is an unfinished agenda, the white man’s purchase of a similar island [Manhattan] about 300 years ago. that we have miles to go before we reach the promised land. The men We feel that this so-called Alcatraz Island is more suitable for an Indian Reservation, who rule this country today never as determined by the white man’s own standards. learned the lessons of Dr. King, they never learned that non-violence is 1. It is isolated from modern facilities, and without adequate means of transportation. the only way to peace and justice. 2. It has no fresh running water. The powers that be rule over a racist 3. It has inadequate sanitation facilities. society, filled with hatred and 4. There are no oil or mineral rights. ignorance. Our nation continues to 5. There is no industry and so unemployment is very great. be segregated along racial and 6. There are no health care facilities. economic lines. The powers that be make themselves richer by exploiting the poor. 7. The soil is rocky and non-productive; and the land does not support game Our nation continues to allow children to go hungry, and will not even house its own (animals). people. 8. There are no educational facilities. 9. The population has exceeded the land base. The United Farm Workers are dedicated to carrying on the dream of Reverend Martin 10. The population has always been held prisoners and kept dependent upon others. Luther King, Jr. My friends, I would like to tell you about the struggle of the Farm workers who are waging a desperate struggle for our rights, for our children’s rights, and for our very lives. .The same inhumanity displayed at Selma, in Birmingham, in so many of Dr. King’s battlegrounds, is displayed every day in the vineyards of California. The farm labor system in place today is a system of economic slavery. .Our workers labor for many hours every day under the hot sun, often without safe drinking water or toilet facilities. Our workers are constantly subjected to incredible pressures and intimidation to meet excessive quotas. These women who work in the fields are routinely subjected to sexual harassment and sexual assaults by the grower’s thugs. When our workers complain, or try to organize, they are fired, assaulted, and even murdered. Interpretation of Document with H and one of IPP - one complete sentence… Interpretation of Document with H and one of IPP - one complete sentence… Historical Analysis Activity written by Rebecca Richardson, Allen High School using the 2012 College Board APUSH Framework, images and content from sources as cited in document, and HIPP strategy developed by John P. Irish, Carroll High School Unit 8, Period 8 A Brief History of the American Indian Movement by Laura Waterman Wittstock and Elaine J. Salinas It has not been an easy path. Spiritual leaders and elders foresaw the testing of AIM's In the 30 years of its formal history, the American Indian Movement (AIM) has strength and stamina. Doubters, infiltrators, those who wished they were in the given witness to a great many changes. We say formal history, because the leadership, and those who didn't want to be but wanted to tear down and take away movement existed for 500 years without a name. The leaders and members of today's have had their turns. No one, inside or outside the movement, has so far been able to AIM never fail to remember all of those who have traveled on before, having given destroy the will and strength of AIM's solidarity. Men and women, adults and their talent and their lives for the survival of the people. children are continuously urged to stay strong spiritually, and to always remember that the movement is greater than the accomplishments or faults of its leaders… At the core of the movement is Indian leadership under the direction of NeeGawNwayWeeDun, Clyde H. Bellecourt, and others. Making steady progress, Indian people live on Mother Earth with the clear understanding that no one will the movement has transformed policy making into programs and organizations that assure the coming generations except ourselves. No one from the outside will do this have served Indian people in many communities. These policies have consistently for us. And no person among us can do it all for us, either. Self-determination must been made in consultation with spiritual leaders and elders. The success of these be the goal of all work. Solidarity must be the first and only defense of the members. efforts is indisputable, but perhaps even greater than the accomplishments is the vision defining what AIM stands for. In November, 1972 AIM brought a caravan of Native Nation Indian people were never intended to survive the settlement of Europeans in the representatives to Washington, DC, to the place where dealings with Western Hemisphere, our Turtle Island. With the strength of a spiritual base, AIM Indians have taken place since 1849: the US Department of Interior. has been able to clearly articulate the claims of Native Nations and has had the will AIM put the following claims directly before the President of the United and intellect to put forth those claims. States: -Restoration of treaty making (ended by Congress in 1871). The movement was founded to turn the attention of Indian people toward a renewal -Establishment of a treaty commission to make new treaties (with sovereign Native Nations). of spirituality which would impart the strength of resolve needed to reverse the -Indian leaders to address Congress. ruinous policies of the United States, Canada, and other colonialist governments of -Review of treaty commitments and violations. Central and South America. At the heart of AIM is deep spirituality and a belief in -Unratified treaties to go before the Senate. the connectedness of all Indian people. -All Indians to be governed by treaty relations. -Relief for Native Nations for treaty rights violations. … The American Indian Movement has organized communities and created -Recognition of the right of Indians to interpret treaties. opportunities for people across the Americas and Canada. AIM is headquartered in -Joint Congressional Committee to be formed on reconstruction of Indian relations. -Restoration of 110 million acres of land taken away from Native Nations by the United States. Minneapolis with chapters in many other cities, rural areas and Indian Nations. -Restoration of terminated rights. -Repeal of state jurisdiction on Native Nations. AIM has repeatedly brought successful suit against the federal government for the -Federal protection for offenses against Indians. protection of the rights of Native Nations guaranteed in treaties, sovereignty, the -Abolishment of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. [created in Antebellum Era to organize and United States Constitution, and laws. The philosophy of self-determination upon manage reservations… federal control of lands.] which the movement is built is deeply rooted in traditional spirituality, culture, -Creation of a new office of Federal Indian Relations. language and history. AIM develops partnerships to address the common needs of -New office to remedy breakdown in the constitutionally prescribed relationships between the people.