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Jesuítas E Inquisidores Em Goa (1540-1682)

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Jesuítas E Inquisidores Em Goa (1540-1682) CENTRO DE ESTUDOS GERAIS INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS E FILOSOFIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA CÉLIA CRISTINA DA SILVA TAVARES A CRISTANDADE INSULAR: JESUÍTAS E INQUISIDORES EM GOA (1540-1682) NITERÓI 2002 Célia Cristina da Silva Tavares A CRISTANDADE INSULAR: Jesuítas e Inquisidores em Goa (1540-1682) Tese apresentada ao Curso de Pós- Graduação em História da Universidade Federal Fluminense, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do Grau de Doutor. Área de Concentração História Social. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Ronaldo Vainfas NITERÓI 2002 CÉLIA CRISTINA DA SILVA TAVARES A CRISTANDADE INSULAR: Jesuítas e Inquisidores em Goa (1540-1682) Tese apresentada ao Curso de Pós- Graduação em História da Universidade Federal Fluminense, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do Grau de Doutor. Área de Concentração História Social. BANCA EXAMINADORA _____________________________________ Prof. Dr. Ronaldo Vainfas - Orientador Universidade Federal Fluminense _____________________________________ Profª. Drª. Maria Regina Celestino de Almeida Universidade Federal Fluminense _____________________________________ Prof. Dr. Guilherme Paulo Pereira das Neves Universidade Federal Fluminense _____________________________________ Prof. Dr. Francisco José da Silva Gomes Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro ______________________________________ Profª. Drª. Lana Lage da Gama Lima Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense NITERÓI 2002 3 AGRADECIMENTOS O trabalho de pesquisa é por natureza uma atividade solitária. Horas incontáveis são dedicadas à leitura silenciosa em arquivos e bibliotecas ou até mesmo em casa, mas tendo de se manter distante da convivência por conta da concentração exigida. Escrever uma tese, complemento de todo o esforço de estudo de fontes e livros, também é um exercício onde a solidão e o silêncio são quebrados apenas por apelos sociais da vida cotidiana e por ricas conversas de orientação e de discussão de idéias. Para uma pessoa gregária como eu, silêncio e solidão beiram a sensação de tormento e, com certeza, sem ajuda de muitas pessoas não teria conseguido realizar essa tarefa. Para alguns, agradecer é uma obrigação; para mim, trata-se de um prazer privilegiado. Portanto, é com extrema felicidade que inicio uma longa lista de agradecimentos àqueles que povoaram meu caminho e que tornaram mais fácil percorrê-lo. São muitos. Alguns velhos conhecidos de toda a vida ou de mais de vinte anos de convivência. Outros são amigos recentes, mas nem por isso conquistas menos importantes ou queridas. Há também a multidão de alunos que não posso nomear um a um, ou escolher alguns exemplos que acabem redundando em injustiça. Portanto, refiro-me a todos quando declaro a importância que a sala de aula ocupa na minha vida. O apoio das instituições de pesquisa é de grande importância, merecendo o destaque por serem iniciativas raras no Brasil. Contei tanto com a bolsa de doutorado do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq, quanto com a bolsa sanduíche da Fundação Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – CAPES, que possibilitou meus estudos em Lisboa por quatro meses e meio. Esse período foi fundamental para o amadurecimento do trabalho, pois descortinou uma significativa quantidade de fontes e de bibliografia cuja qualidade trouxe densidade às análises desenvolvidas na redação. Agradeço toda e qualquer colaboração que tenha recebido dos funcionários de bibliotecas e arquivos nos quais pesquisei: a Biblioteca Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, o Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro, o Real Gabinete Português de Leitura, as bibliotecas da Universidade de São Paulo, a Biblioteca da Ajuda, o Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo e a Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa. Destaco a excelência profissional do atendimento das duas últimas instituições, que possibilitam uma otimização do trabalho de pesquisa e que por isso merecem os maiores elogios. 4 Importante contribuição partiu da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – UERJ que, em função da licença por um ano de minhas atividades docentes, permitiu a possibilidade de aumentar a solidão, quero dizer, a tranqüilidade para desenvolver leituras e pesquisas, e elaborar o texto final do trabalho. Um agradecimento especial quero deixar registrado para María del Carmen Fernández Corrales, do DCARH-SR2, pela sempre cordial atenção. Aproveito e faço o mesmo para os meus colegas da Faculdade de Formação de Professores de todos os departamentos e, especialmente, ao de Ciências Humanas, que apoiaram meu pedido de licenciamento. Como são muitos deixo o registro geral a todos. Também devo agradecimentos aos professores do Departamento de História da Universidade Federal Fluminense, que participaram de minha formação acadêmica. Registro especialmente as professoras doutoras Maria de Fátima Gouvêa e Fernanda Bicalho, que no curso Pacto e Soberania no Império Português, ministrado quando fazia os créditos do doutoramento, abriram uma perspectiva que colaborou significativamente para o desenvolvimento do trabalho. Subsídio fundamental foi dado pelas professoras doutoras Lana Lage e Maria Regina Celestino de Almeida no momento do exame de qualificação da tese do doutorado. As observações atentas e sugestões de encaminhamento tanto do texto apresentado quanto da pesquisa ainda por ser desenvolvida foram preciosas. Meu orientador, professor doutor Ronaldo Vainfas, teve uma enorme importância para o desenvolvimento desse trabalho, e sua colaboração foi inestimável. Primeiro porque me encorajou a iniciar um estudo sobre o Oriente, especialmente sobre a Inquisição de Goa, confiando que eu poderia desempenhar tal tarefa, que muitas vezes eu mesma duvidei sinceramente de que seria capaz de fazer. Além disso, foi sempre um leitor atento, indicando-me soluções mais corajosas para os problemas que eu esboçava, realçando perspectivas que eu apenas enunciava, exortando-me a investigar redes de intrigas que envolveram até assassinato. Em Lisboa tive a oportunidade de ser orientada pelo professor doutor António Dias Farinha, que me acolheu de forma muito atenciosa e promoveu, talvez sem o saber, a minha salvação, pois sem o delicado convite para participar das aulas do curso de mestrado em História dos Descobrimentos e da Expansão Portuguesa da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa eu não teria a oportunidade de fazer tão bons amigos, sem os quais, creio, não teria forças para enfrentar a saudade que sentia. A atenção carinhosa de Zélia Sampaio, Maria da Luz Brás Lopes Sobral, João Caldeira, José Viegas, Ana Sofia Veran, Ricardo, Benvinda, Clara Filipe, Conceição Pequito, Maria Helena de Brito, Maria Manuel Marques, Bruno Neves e Carla Delgado de Piedade não só amparou-me como foi uma oportunidade ímpar de conhecer a cultura portuguesa da qual herdamos tantas coisas, mas da qual tantas outras esquecemos. Um agradecimento especial devo à Carla que, com um raro dom na arte da maiêutica, elaborou duas ou três perguntas que me deram norte quando eu estava à deriva no mar de documentos e leituras no qual me perdi diversas vezes, revelando rotas que antes estavam enubladas. Também pude assistir às aulas muito estimulantes dos professores doutores João Cosme e Maria Benedita Araújo, e as impressionantes demonstrações de poder analítico de Maria Leonor García da Cruz. Ainda em solo português tive a oportunidade de conhecer José Carlos Ferreira, sua esposa Ginita, seu filho Miguel, seu irmão Pedro e sua mãe, D. Eulália Fernandes, que me abrigou em sua casa, e que, graças ao seu grande carinho, também foi responsável por manter-me tranqüila nas horas difíceis em que a saudade apertava. 5 A equipe da RTP 2 do programa O lugar da história foi muito simpática comigo toda vez que nos encontramos: Teresa Catanho, Carlos Oliveira, Maria João Cargaleiro e Acácia Dourado, além de ótimos profissionais, são excelente companhia. Um agradecimento especial quero deixar para Maria Julia Fernandes por sua gentil recepção e acolhida, além de ter dado-me uma inestimável oportunidade de ver imagens gravadas em Goa que ainda seriam editadas para um futuro programa. Conheci em Lisboa alguns brasileiros e quero agradecer imensamente a Marco Antônio Nunes da Silva por sua generosa indicação de toda referência que achava sobre Goa nos Cadernos de Promotor da Inquisição de Lisboa, que ele explorava; foi uma contribuição inestimável para esse trabalho. A companhia divertida que Iris Kantor e Rafael Chambouleyron proporcionaram também ajudou muito. De volta ao Brasil, há a lista dos amigos. Agradeço a Sérgio Lamarão as indicações de leitura da revista Lusotopie, cujos artigos foram de grande utilidade. A Therezinha de Freitas pago o tributo a uma professora de biologia que teve a paciência de ouvir horas de conversa sobre Inquisição, por pura amizade, tenho certeza. A Pedro Paulo Soares agradeço a leitura atenta do item sobre o hinduísmo. As trocas sobre os estudos acerca do Oriente que fiz com Andréa Doré também merecem destaque. Há ainda um agradecimento a Fernando Amado Aymoré que gentilmente enviou-me a lista de jesuítas que foram para o Oriente, obtida em uma publicação existente em uma biblioteca alemã. Aos velhos amigos nem sei bem por onde começar, de tanto que tenho a agradecer. Pela paciência com o meu estado de espírito atarantado dos últimos tempos estou grata a José Roberto Pinto de Góes, Daniela Buono Calainho – a quem agradeço também a leitura crítica do capítulo III – Regina Marques, Leila Name, Lúcia Bastos Pereira das Neves, Guilherme Paulo Pereira das Neves, Ana Regina Vasconcelos
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