Local History of Ethiopia Ma - Mahoya © Bernhard Lindahl (2005)

HES37 Ma 12°58'/38°13' 2093 m, near Deresge 12/38 [Gz] HES37 Ma Abo (church) 12°59'/38°12' 2549 m 12/38 [Gz] JEH61 Maabai (plain) 12/40 [WO] HEM61 Maaga (Maago), see Mahago HEU35 Maago 2354 m 12/39 [LM WO] HEU71 Maajeraro (Ma'ajeraro) 13°20'/39°31' 2345 m 13/39 [Gz] south of Mekele HCC.. Maale 05/36 [x] Area in Gemu-Gofa east of Jinka. In the late 1800s, Maale submitted peacefully to the army of Ras Welde Giyorgis, which had just ravaged Welayta and was continuing south-westward. The Maale, who had recently lost considerable territory in a war with their neighbours, the Bako, invited the intervention of the northerners. text D. Donham, From ritual kings to Ethiopian landlords in Maale, in The southern marches of Imperial Ethiopia, Cambridge 1986 p 69-95.

?? Maana, east of Ankar in the north-west 12/37? [n] During Februari 1941 Arthur Bentinck moved eastward to Maana and made contact with the local Patriot chief, Ras Wubneh. Bimbashi L.F. Sheppard arrived and was to take over from Bentinck who was unwell. Mission 101 North tried to win over the Kamant to the Patriot side without success. On 26 March the Kamant attacked the camp at Maana and were only driven off with difficulty by Bentinck's small force consisting of himself, Sheppard, four Sudanese, six Yemenis, and Mohamed Effendi and his banda of 25 soldiers. [Shirreff 1995 p 89, 157] JEJ40 Maandita (area) 12/41 [WO] HFF31 Maaquddi, see Meakudi

maar (T) honey HFC45 Maar (Amba Maar) 14°01'/37°06' 1151 m 14/37 [Gz] HEU62 Maara 13°14'/39°35' 1940 m 13/39 [Gu Gz] JEJ42 Maaru (area) 12/41 [WO] JEJ52 Maassarra (area) 12/41 [WO] Ma.., see also Me.. Mabaan (Burun), name of a small ethnic group, numbering 3,026 at one census, but about 23 only according to the 1994 census maber (Gurage) monthly Christian gathering where there is an orthodox church HET52 Maber 13°12'/38°38' 1996 m 13/38 [WO Gz] mabera: mabara (O) religious organization of a group of men or women JEC50 Mabera (area), cf Mebera 11/41 [WO] mabil: mebil (mäbil) (A) food, eatables Mabil, Mavil, name of a Mecha Oromo tribe HDR42 Mabil, see Koli, cf Mebel JEP96 Mabra 13°30'/41°16' 126 m 13/41 [WO Gz] near the border of Eritrea, cf Mebera HEU91 Macalle, see Mekele JDK54 Macanis, see Makanissa HDM12 Macaniso, see Makaniso HES69 Macanna, see Makanna, and also Mekane Birhan HFF64 Macargot, see Makargot JER02 Macarra, see Makarra HES50 Macatat, see Makatat HDH78 Maccanissa, see Makanisa

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HDE04 Macchi, se Meki HFF02 Macden, see May Mekden ?? Mach, with sub-post office around 1978 ../.. [x]

macha (O) 1. nation, people; 2. outsider, non-Oromo; macha (mach'a) (A) dowry; macha, maicha (A) kind of stiff herb or undershrub, Hibiscus micranthus; Macha, Mecha, name of a tribe of Oromo living in Shewa HDH.. Macha (c 1964 of Haru Weregibie sub-dis) 09/35 [Ad] HEK83 Macha (Macia) 12°34'/37°52' 1989 m 12/37 [+ WO Gz] east of Gondar, cf Mecha Within a radius of 10 km there are at km 3E Gidarwa (Ghidaroa) (village) 4S Morangyela (Moranghiela) (village) 5SW Korabba (Corabba, Coreva) (village) 9SW Gebeta Medi (Gheveta M.) (village) 10W Goriya Gidameret (Goria Ghidameret) (village) 6NE Samhi Giyorgis (church) HBS71 Machaka (Maciaca), see under Jarso 05/37 [+ WO]

HDG.. Machakani (Matchakani), near Nejo 09/35 [Mi] At this locality occurs a greenish clay associated with the local coal seems of Gute Seddo. Reserves in the whole area amount to several hundred thousand tons. The kaolinitic clay has suitable properties for use in ceramics. [Mineral 1966] HDS.. Machakel (Machakil, Matsciakal), in Damot 10/37 [+ Ch 18] The Machakel market had som trade in gold in the 1800s. "To reach the Satana ford /of the Abay/ we had to round the head of the Tashat ravine -- The Tashat -- is said to rise in springs in Machakil." [Cheesman 1936] HDS.. Machakel sub-district (centre in 1964 = Yedefas) 10/37 [Ad n] (-1964-1997-) HDS50 Machakel wereda (centre in 1964 = Amanuel) 10/37 [Ad n] (-1964-1997-)

HB... Machallo 05/37 [x] pict G Gerster, Äthiopien, Zürich 1974 pl 69 two-page view of closely-packed Konso settlement with palissades JDK54 Machannis, see Makanis machara (Kunama language?) kinds of thorn tree, Acacia spp. HDH34 Machara (Macciara) (area), cf Mechara 09/36 [+ WO] American Adventists established a mission there at some time before 1935. HEU05 Macharre (Maciarre) (area) 12/39 [+ WO]

HB... Machekie, some 25 km from Konso 05/37 [20] Located 9 km from Gesergio, which lies 16 km from Konso. There are some waga, the carved wooden sculptures of dead warriors. HEL39 Machel Geras (Machel-geras, Makel Jeras?) 12/39 [WO Gz +] (mountain) 12°06'/39°19' 3670/4110 m HED84c Machelji (Macelgi) (village) 11/37 [+ Gu] HFE57 Machellikwit (Macelliquit) (waterhole) 14/39 [+ WO] HCP23 Macheto 07°26'/36°01' 1797 m, north-west of Bonga 07/36 [Gz]

machi (O) drunkenness; (Sidamo) kind of tree, tikir inchet, Pygeum africanum, which grows in highland forests together

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with tid and zigba HCA99 Machi (Mashi, Masci) 06°19'/35°38' 1550 m 06/35 [Gz LM WO] north of Maji HDE04 Machi (Macchi), see Meki HDM45 Machido (Mach'ido) 09°26'/39°48' 1606 m 09/39 [Gz] south-east of Ankober Machitu, a clan of the Fullelle of the Borana people JFA39 Machiu (area, salt plain) 13/40 [WO] macho (O) stomach; (Kefa) horse, stallion Macho, name of a Kefa clan HCT61c Macho (Macio) (mountain) 07/38 [+ Gu] HEK83 Macia, see Macha

HDB54 Maco, see Meko & HDB63 JDD62 Macoda, see Makoda JEP73 Macolle, see Makolle GDF93 Maconisa, see Mekanisa HCU04 Maconna, see Makonna HDD26 Macorcor, see Mekorkor HDR58 Macsano Gabia, see Minch HEC35 Macta, see Makta HEJ87 Macuamanra, see Makwamanra HEC68 Macuar, see Mekari, cf Mukara HEC37 Macudia, see Makudya HCC58 Maculla, see Makulla HEJ44 Macunta Iesus, see Makunta Iyesus

mada (O) 1. river, stream; 2. (madaa) wound, scar; 3. Borana argot for lon, cattle; mad (A) table laid with bread for a meal; (Som) kind of black stone JBS54 Mada Garsi 390 m, cf Madda, Meda .. 05/42 [WO] mada genyo: geenyo (Som) mare, female horse KCR84 Mada Genyo (Mada Ghegno, Madah Ghenio) 07/46 [+ Gu Wa] (border locality) KCR52 Mada Merodi (area) 07/46 [WO] HBK59 Madacho (Madaccio) 04°08'/38°19' 1705 m 04/38 [20 Gz] (Maddaccio), place near Mega A village with 13 households. During a famine in 1999 the men collected hides from livestock which had died and tried to sell them at the local market, but there were many of them. [Tenaestelin (Sthlm) 2000 no 1] HBK69 Madacho (area) 04/38 [WO] madachu (O) to wound, hit, hurt

?? Madada (village) ../.. [18] GDD07 Madaino, see Mading madalle: madala (O) 1. vessel for milk, large gourd, kind of bottle with long neck; 2. scale for weighing maddaale (Som) tireless man, indefatigable person HDB97 Madalle (area), cf Medale 08/36 [WO] madalleh: madal leh (Som) having appointment or meeting place JCJ04c Madalleh 06/42 [Wa] HFE.. Madara, see Adwa:Abba Gerima JDP64 Madaraffa (area) 10/41 [WO] JDP74 Madaraffa (area) 10/41 [WO]

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madda (O) 1. river, water, spring; 2. drop; 3. a vaguely defined Borana unit with a permanent water source JDP04 Madda (area) 888 m, cf Mada .. 10/41 [MS WO] HCD13 Maddale (Naddale) 05°36'/37°51' 2167 m 05/37 [WO Gz] north-west of Burji, cf Madalle, Medale maddar (Afar) hand-dug well JDC33 Madde Maiu 08°28'/41°52' 1289/1292 m 08/41 [WO Gz] JCD80 Maddenni (mountain) 06/42 [WO] JDG88 Madderala-dala 09°50'/40°31' 645 m 09/40 [WO Gz]

maddi (O) 1. large basket used as an eating table, /figuratively:/ food; 2. cheek; 3. near, close; 4. play, game HCK92 Maddine 07°12'/37°45' 1787 m, north of Soddo 07/37 [Gz] HCF35 Maddita (Maddittu) 05°45'/39°46' 1527 m 05/39 [WO Gz] maddo (O) headstall; (Som) centre of a well, /figuratively:/ central area JBN78 Maddo Mane (area) 05/40 [WO] maddu (O) to play, to take part in a game JEA83 Madeani (area) 11/40 [WO] JEH85 Madebele (waterhole) 12/41 [Ne WO]

mader (Borana) kind of shrub or small tree, Cordia gharaf, Cordia ovalis; mahder, mader (madär) (A) traditional cover of a book; madere, madereh (T) kind of shrub or small tree, Buddleja polystachya JDJ71 Madera (area), cf Madira, Mahdere .. 09/41 [WO] madera dubba: dubba (O) reception hall JDP26 Madera Dubba (area) 10°07'/41°13' 791 m 10/41 [Ha WO Gz] (recorded in 1841) Coordinates would give map code JPD15 maderiya (madäriya) (A) dwelling, place for passing the night; maderiya land was a temporary grant of a piece of land made to an individual in return for active military service; madero (madäro) (A) small plot of land JEJ69 Madgul (area) 12/42 [WO] HEE84 Madiji 11°38'/38°51' 2852 m, west of Bete Hor 11/38 [Gz] JEJ13 Madim (area) 11/41 [WO] GDD07 Mading (Madaino) 08°12'/33°12' 284 m 08/33 [WO Gz] madir (Saho) kind of medium or tall tree, Cordia africana HER88 Madira Gebeya (Madra G., Madra Gavaia) 13/37 [MS LM WO] 13°28'/37°24' 2466 m, see under Mesfinto HEU01 Madley 12°43'/39°30' 2950 m 12/39 [Gz] south-west of Maychew

mado (A) on the other side of a body of water or other obstacle; maado (Som) hide oneself; madho (Som) become empty HDC24 Mado (area), cf Medo 08/37 [WO] HEC98 Mado Mariam Gabriel (church) 11/37 [Ch] HFE.. Madoge, see Medoge JDJ88 Madohe (area) 09/42 [WO] HEM11 Madscel (Madschel, Majelli?), see Weyra Beret JDR49 Madu (Bur Madu) (mountain) 10°24'/42°29' 1077 m 10/42 [Gz] east of Adigala HDB54 Madugga 08°36'/36°05' 2152 m 08/36 [Gz]

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?? Madura sub-district (-1997-) ../.. [n] JED11 Maerle, see Asmarerle JDN87c Mafala (area) 10/40 [Gu] HDU07 Mafud, see Debir, cf Mahfud HDU07 Mafud (district in Yifat-Timuga) 09/39 [n] HDU06 Mafud sub-district? (-1997-) 09/39 [n] HDU06 Mafud wereda (centre in 1964 = Armaniya) 09/39 [Ad] mafuda (Gondar A) small purse of leather

HFE39 Magab (Magat) (mountain) 13°52'/39°18' 1959 m 13/39 [Gz] Magab, cf Megab

magad (A) Trifolium spp., T. rueppellianum; there are about 30 species of the Trifolium genus of clover in Ethiopia; magad (Som) tanned hide, leather; magada, magaada (O) difficult to handle HCE21 Magada (area) 05/38 [WO] magaddo (O) kind of salt; magedo (magädo) (A) firewood HBK37 Magado (Megado) (volcano, with a salt mine) 03/38 [WO Gz Mi] 03°54'/38°13', village 28 km south-west of Mega In 1902 Salisbury's government decided to do something about Ethiopian advances into British-claimed territories. Archibald Butter, a surveyor and hunter who already knew southern Ethiopia well, became leader of an expedition. It left Addis Abeba on 6 November 1902 and members were 5 Europeans, 2 Indians, 70 Somalis, and 12 Ethiopians. Over the next six months, smaller parties of Butter's expedition crisscrossed the region where effective Ethiopian occupation ended. They discovered the Megado Escarpment, which rises about 100 metres and forms a natural divider between the higher northern areas and the dusty plains below. Smith had been the first European to note this unusual landmark, running for some 270 km from east to west, and Lord Delamere had also come upon it in his travels. [P J Imperato, Quest for the Jade Sea, USA1998 p 244-245] From the Tisso pass the road drops along the flank of Magado volcano, which is built of a circular caldera 2.8 km wide (map sketch on page 564). The caldera has three craters, two of which are dry while the eastern one holds Magado lake. The lake is slightly elliptical (400 x 250 m) and its depth does not exceed 1.5 m. Y.K. Bentor studied the area and wrote a preliminary report for July 20-August 19, 1963. The walls of the crater are built by bedded agglomerates. On the southern shore of the lake is located a white sinter cone which is probably a former spring. The present spring is situated south of the cone and carries 20 cubic metres of salty water per hour. About two metres above the present lake level there is a white terrace 100 x 10 m built of evaporates of an earlier level of the lake. The raw material for salt production, which is 80 tons per year, is the black salty mud of the lake bottom. [Mineral 1966]

magado: badda (O) highland, mountain HCD18 Magado (Badda Magado) 05°30'/38°20' 05/38 [WO Gu] MS coordinates would give map code HCD09 HCD08 Magado 05°30'/38°18', south of Agere Maryam 05/38 [Gz x] Forest 20 km long in the 1930s, mostly with tall Podocarpus, zigba. HFF35c Magah (recorded in 1841) 13/39 [Ha]

magal: Abba Magal was an Oromo war leader who laid the foundation of the kingdom of Jimma; a king of Gera also had that name; magala (O) 1. market; town; 2. pleasant, sweet, mild;

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3. brown; megala (A) market place, bazaar /mainly in Harar/ JDB25 Magala (area) 08/41 [WO Mi] "South of the Dogua mountains and west of the Soba River and Magala village in Dankalia, three spots of asbestos outcrops have been indicated. The occurrences are associated with serpentinites of Pre-Cambrian rocks." [Mineral 1966] GDU01 Magale (Magalle), see Megale JEN15 Magalle (plain & mountain) 12°48'/40°00' 1493 m 12/40 [WO Gz] JEN23 Magalle (area) 12/40 [WO] JEN32 Magalle (mountain) 12°52'/40°18' 12/40 [Gz] magalo: maggalu (O) amble, pace up and down JCH51 Magalo, see Megalo JDJ53 Magalo, see Dire Dawa magan (O) excrement /of animal/; (Som) refuge, sanctuary; jiifaa (Som) lynx KCN58 Magan Gifa (Meigag Gifa) 07°42'/45°30' 649 m 07/45 [Gz WO] magana (Konso) hall for assembly of men HEP08 Maganan (Maganani) 12°45'/36°26' 807 m 12/36 [Gz WO] KCP29 Magarauein (Magarauen) 07°28'/46°30' 554 m 07/46 [WO Gz] HDT17 Magas 10°05'/39°05' 2208 m 10/39 [Gz] HFE39 Magat, see Magab ?? Magazzen (in Jimma region) ../.. [It] JFB23 Magbaba, cf Maglaba 13/40 [Ne] HEP05 Magbara, Jebel (Jabal Maqbarah, J. Magharibah) 12/36 [WO Gz] (mountain) 12°41'/36°11' 733 m south of Metemma and partly inside Sudan HED68 Magdala (Magdalla), see Mekdela HEE69 Magdala (Magdalla), see Amba Maryam HFF90 Magdille (pass), near the border of Eritrea 14/39 [It Gz] 14°27'/39°26', north of Adigrat The important passes of Fokada and Magdille were occupied by the Italians in the beginning of October 1935 just when the Italo-Ethiopian war began and without any armed encounter. JEJ69 Magdul (waterhole) 12/42 [WO]

?? Magech (Swe: Magetsch), see Megech HEM11 Magelli, see Majelli JEA17 Magenta (Maghenta) (area) 10/40 [+ WO] JEA45 Magenta (Maghenta, Maghente) (mountains) 11/40 [+ Gz It] 11°15'/40°10' 946 m, near the road east of Bati JEB65 Magenta (Maghenta) (mountain range) 11/41 [20 WO Gu] Bow-shaped mountains in the lower Awash valley, 700-1000 metres high. "Scattered about the surface of the Magenta foothills were tiny obsidian pellets, formed when droplets of magma are sprayed into the air -- and then chill into glistening glass." [Kalb 2001 p 57, 61]

mager (magär) (A) wall of poles fastened in the ground; horizontal pieces holding the uprights of a wall together; (T) kind of small or medium tree, Boswellia papyrifera; magera (O) bundle of wood used as support in house construction; maageer (Som) circle, enclosure HDL68 Mager (Magher) 09/39 [+ WO] HDE43 Maggesso, see Majesso HET76 Magghiete 13°19'/39°00' 1408 m, south of Abiy Adi 13/39 [WO Gz] HDE57 Maggio, see Mojo

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HC... Maggo, see Mago HEC18 Magi (Maghi Gh.) 11/37 [+ WO] HCA88 Magi, see Maji JEA23 Magia, see Maja H.... Magina 13/37 [18] HES00 Magivez 12/37 [WO] JFB23 Maglaba (area), cf Magbaba 13/40 [WO] JFA54 Maglalla 14°02'/40°06' 925 m, pass at 14°00'/40°03' 14/40 [WO Gz] see under Mekdela JDB46 Magna, see Manya JBH99 Magno, see Bogol Manyo

HC... Mago (Maggo) (village) 05/36 [n] One of four villages which in 1975 received together about 5,000 kg of emergency food by "bombing" from the air. H.... Mago National Park (Maki) peak 1776 m 05/36 [Ca MS] The park is generally between altitudes 450 and 2,000 metres. Its highest point is the Mago mountain, 2528 m. The entrance of the park is about 35 km from Jinka. [Äthiopien 1999 p 440] Size 2,162 sq km. The game park was established to protect large animals of the plains, such as elephants, buffaloes and giraffes. There is semi-arid open woodland and savanna. "In practice, widespread poaching in the area keeps populations down, so animal viewing is not what it might be." [Lonely planet 2000 p 41] The southern part of Mago Park is a vast flat land that stretches out up to Chew Bahir. The highest point on the northern part of the park is called Mount Mago and has an altitude of 2,528 m. The Mago river starts at the foot of mount Mago to join the Omo river after a long journey. The Neri river which joins Mago river in the Central Mago Park is frequented by elephants and buffaloes from the surrounding area in short supply of water. The Ethiopian Air Lines flies twice a week to Jinka and the landing strip in the park near Neri river serves small aircrafts. There are clean camping sites near the park's administration office by the bank of river Neri. There are about 2,000 buffaloes and 200 elephants within the park. The Burchell's zebra lives in the plains beyond Mursi hills. There are a total of 81 mammals and 153 bird species in the Mago National Park. [www.waltainfo.com, Jan 2004] picts A Chenevière, Éthiopie .., Paris 1989 p 53 zebras, ostriches; Camerapix guide 1995 p 255 campsite

JER04 Magobi (Cafulle Magobi?) (area) 12/41 [WO] JDH42 Magon 09°28'/40°54' 1218 m, near the railway 09/40 [Gz] JEP39 Magorros (Mogorros) (plain) 13°00'/41°30' 13/41 [x WO] HEP45 Magram, Bl. 13/36 [WO]

JDN18 Magu 10°03'/40°33' 556 m, south-west of Gewani 10/40 [Ne Gu Gz] (small village, hot springs near?) 1928: "Our guide, bent a little under the weight of his years, plodded along without casting a glance at the villagers, his lance on his shoulder. The further we advanced the more numerous the huts became. Sometimes there were clusters of several dozens, on both banks of the river. Cattle, sheep, and horses were everywhere in fair abundance. All the horses wore a light collar, from which depended the dried trophies, unmistakable signs that the victims of their masters had been men." [L M Nesbitt (1934)1955 p 122] 1930s "The pass of Magu means a passage to the real Dankali." With thermal springs in several pools at 48°C, good water and the only drinkable

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within a wide area. There are swamps in the neighbourhood with hippopotami and crocodiles. [Guida 1938]

HBK59 Magua (Mégua), see Mega HEH63 Magumbal 12/35 [WO] JBN35 Magur, see Mogor HET76 Magyete (Magghiete), cf Majete 13/39 [+ WO]

HDU33 Maha Meda, see Mehal Meda mahaber: mehaber (A) association for mutual aid based on attachment to a specific patron saint HE... Mahaber Silase (M. Selassie) 12/36 [+ x] (monastery 80 km south-east of Metemma) 'Mission 101' under Colonel Sandford entered Ethiopia in mid-August 1940 before the liberation campaign, and this monastery was among the first places where they sought information and contacts. "After some days of fairly good going they reached and camped close to the foot of a mountain on which stood the monastery of Mahaber Selassié, up to which Colonel Sandford climbed in the hope of gleaning news of the situation. With him went Azazh Kabada and they were kindly received; in accordance with the rules of the monastery the monks made them welcome and performed the ceremony of washing their feet as Christ washed the feet of His disciples. It is the rule of their order that they must take in the traveller, and they had on one occasion rescued the crew of an Italian aeroplane which had crashed near the monastery, attended to their hurts, and escorted them to the nearest Italian post in safety. The Italians in reply had first bombed and then raided the monastery, killing many of the monks and burning the place out." "The information given to Colonel Sandford by the monks confirmed him in his view that they could safely make for Sarako on the plateau and spend a few days there refitting. They reached there on 20th August." [Christine Sandford, Ethiopia under .., London 1946 p 108] HED94 Mahadera Mariam, see Mahdere Maryam

HEM61 Mahago (Maaga, Maago, Maugo) 12/39 [Gz WO Gu] 12°18'/39°24' 2354 m Coordinates would give map code HEM60 HDU32 Mahal Meda, see Mehal Meda mahal wenz: mehal wenz (A) middle /of?/ river HDM64 Mahal Wenz (Mahaluonz) 09/39 [+ Gu] mahalta: mahiletay (A) cantor /mahilete gembo, priests' song in praise of founder of a feast/ JEN45 Mahalta (mountain range) over 1500 m 13/40 [Ne WO] JEN65 Mahalta 13°13'/40°15' 539 m 13/40 [Gz] HFC25 Mahar, see Amba Mahar HFF30 Mahar, Debra, see Debre Mear HFC50 Maharish (on map of 1868) 14/36 [18] HF... Mahausay 13/37? [x] All the Falasha people in the village of Telempt, near Gondar, left one day in January 1984. Children were told: "We're going to Jerusalem." After walking for seven days, they reached a place called Mahausay. Their guides told them that they would have to stay there for a while, because of fighting between the Tigrayan insurgents and government forces. It was three months before they moved on. After leaving Mahausay, they walked for ten days through rolling hills into mountainous country in the Welkayit region and camped there for a month. [L Rapoport, Redemption song, USA 1986 p 100-101]

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HET77 Mahaweria 13°19'/39°07' 1710 m, south of Abiy Adi 13/39 [Gz]

HFE.? Mahbara Maryam, cf Mahaber .. 13/38 [x] King Zara Yaqob (1433-1468) made more than one land charter to the convent of Mahbara Maryam. It was possibly situated in an area about 30 km south-west of Aksum. [Huntingford, The land charters .., A.A. etc 1965 p 36-37] HFE24 Mahbere Daguea (Mahber Degue, Mahbere Tsion) 13/38 [Gz] 13°49'/38°49' 1330 m, north-west of Abiy Adi

mahder (A,T) leather book case, kind of book bag; mahdere (T) something containing something HEJ09 Mahdera Sibhat (Mahadera S.) 11/37 [Ch Gu] In 1933: An island about one or two kilometres from the shore of lake Tana, 100 m in diameter and 7 m high. Empty and deserted, but once there was a church Kuskwam (Kuaskuam) founded in the reign of Serse Dengel (1563-1597) by one of the Emperor's nobles. [Cheesman 1936]

mahdere maryam (A) abode of Saint Mary HED94 Mahdere Maryam (Mahedere M, Mahidera Mariam) 11/37 [Gz Ad Gu] (Mahadera M.) 11°43'/37°55' 2325/2460 m 11/37 [WO 18] (centre in 1964 of Grariya sub-district) Church and monastery east of the southern part of lake Tana, at six hours' ride to the south of Debre Tabor. "When the new metropolitan for Ethiopia, Abune Selama, arrived from Alexandria in late 1841, Wube determined to make use of him. It was not difficult to convince the 21-year- old, inexperienced Copt that Ras Ali was more Muslim than Christian and Wube secured his blessing for a crusade to overthrow Ali." "Ras Ali placed his beloved wife, Hirut Wube, in the asylum church of Mahdere Maryam. Her sanctuary was cynically violated with the connivance of the new bishop who declared her marriage void on the grounds that her husband was a Muslim. An ally of Wube's was allowed to make off with her." [C Prouty, Empress Taytu .., 1986 p 29] "Mahdere Maryam, a half-day mule ride from Debre Tabor, was called a 'town of aristocratic women,' and despite Taytu's remark to one writer that she had been 'brought up in Were Sehin in Yejju,' it was very likely to have been her birthplace. Special permission had to be given for anyone to enter this village by any means other than on foot. All the women wore Turkish slippers, possessed jewelry and took pains with their looks. Their houses were clean and tidy and their gardens of vegetables gave them a 'suburban' air. It was in Mahdere Maryam that Menen, the mother of Ras Ali, received homage and heard appeals before her move to Gondar and her coronation as empress. It was in Mahdere Maryam that Ras Ali placed his wife for sanctuary in 1842." [Prouty 1986 p 31] The baptismal name of Empress Taytu was Welette Mikael. By the time her father died in 1853 after a battle, she and her mother and sister and brothers were at the monastery of Debre Mewi. [Prouty 1986 p 35] Debtera Asseggaheñ wrote to Antoine d'Abbadie on 26 November 1868 that Tewodros went to Mahdere Maryam. "He set fire to the whole town. He killed all the men and took the women as booty. He made 50 monks stand naked with only their caps on their heads and had them shot. Then he marched to Dembiya." [Acta aethiopica II p 366] Artist Agegnehu Engida (1905-1950) was born in Mahdere Maryam. He studied art in Paris in France. Among his works are wall paintings in churches. He also made designs for bank notes.

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[Eth. Artists p 22-23] 1930s With an important market and with Vice Residenza of the Italians. 1960s The primary school in 1968 had 70 boys and 31 girls in grades 1-3, with two teachers.

HBK16 Maheir 03°47'/38°00' 1408 m 03/38 [WO Gz] mountain on the border of Kenya

HDU07 Mahfud, see Debir JDG82 Mahfud (Mahhfood) 09°58'/39°58' 1344 m 09/39 [Gz Gu Ha] 1840s "Mahhfood, a village hemmed in by high kolquál hedges, formed the termination of the march. Its natural fortifications having uniformly proved insurmountable, this district has never been conquered either by the Galla or Mohammadans. The residence of the governor, who has been honoured with the hand of Woïzero Birkenich -- stands on the apex of the loftiest of the many isolated hills; and in accordance with the precaution invariably taken to prevent surprise on these disturbed frontiers, it is surrounded by a formidable fence." "Having been specially recommended to Ayto Gádeloo -- we paid him a visit of ceremony in the cool of the evening, and were received and entertained according to the perfection of Abyssinian etiquette. The whole of the dirty domestics and household slaves were mustered on the occasion, to witness the presentation of gifts brought for the Emabiet, who, like the rest of the princesses royal, displayed unequivocal signs of being sole and undisputed mistress of the establishment. Fat, fair, and forty, she was seated in a gloomy recess, upon an alga, and partially screened from view by the intervention of a lusty handmaiden. The good man, who occupied a corner of the throne, presented in his owlish features the very personification of a well-trained, hen-pecked husband, for years accustomed to the iron rule of the shrew -- and so complete was her monopoly, that he could be said to boast of little beyond the empty title of governor of Mahhfood." "Shortly after daybreak we resumed our journey through very thriving crops, descending to the valley of the Robi, where the eye was greeted by a perfect scene of Eastern cultivation." [W C Harris, The highlands .., vol II London 1844 p 311-313] 1860s In 1865 when the future Menilek II escaped from Mekdela via Wello, Queen Worqito provided him with an escort to the frontier of Shewa, and he was received with joy at Mahfud. In August, in eastern Shewa, Menilek proclaimed himself king. [Marcus, Menelik II, (1975)1995 p 25]

H.... Mahibere Bekur (centre in 1964 of Key Afer sub-dist) 09/39 [Ad] H.... Mahibere Degu (centre in 1964 of Nadir wereda) 14/39? [Ad] cf Mahaber, Mahber HDU33 Mahil Meda, see Mehal Meda & HDU34 HFF31 Mahila 13°55'/39°27' 2187 m, south of Hawzen 13/39 [Gz] JCC99 Mahjabo, see Mehajob HES.. Mahl Ager, see Mehal Ager HE... Mahl Endebet, see Mehal Endebet HE... Mahl Iste, see Mehal Iste HED47c Mahl Semada, see Mehal Semada HEE72 Mahlgaynt, see Mehal Gayint

maho (Som) desire, want HER37 Maho 12/37 [WO] HES30 Maho (area) 12/37 [WO] HE... Mahoni, 20 km /east?/ from Maychew market 12/39? [Yo] By 1980 the Derg requested convoys for vehicle movements from Maychew to Mahoni, a distance of only 20 km.

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Shortly thereafter residents of Mahoni were required to get government permission to attend weddings even 2 km outside the town. After 1983: The Afar generally only met their Tigrayan neighbours in markets such as that of Mahoni in the plains. It became oneof the largetst markets in Tigray as a result of this trade. "On occasion soldiers in Derg-garrisoned Mahoni reportedly sold their rations and even bullets to traders, knowing they were destined for the TPLF." In the 1980s: Local militias were used to assist TPLF fighters during major campaigns. Militia casualties varied enormously, but units near army bases suffered the most. In one tabia near the garrison town of Mahoni, 46 members of a force of 130 were reportedly killed. [Young 1997] HFE99 Mahoya (recorded in 1868) 14/39 [18]

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