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Revista Istorică REVISTA ISTORICĂ SERIE NOUĂ TOMUL XXVIII, NR. 3–4 mai – august 2017 SUMAR SOCIETATE ŞI REFORMĂ RALUCA TOMI, Aboliţionismul românesc între tradiţie reformatoare şi influenţe externe ........... 207 MINORITĂŢI ŞI REFUGIAŢI MARIUS CHELCU, The Origin, Evolution and Finality of an Idea: The Armenians’ Right to Land Ownership in Moldavia............................................................................................... 221 RADU TUDORANCEA, The Land of a New Beginning. The Children of the Greek Communist Refugees on Romanian Territory ......................................................................................... 243 CONFLAGRAŢIILE MONDIALE – EVOLUŢIE ŞI CONSECINŢE MIHAIL DOBRE, Repere diplomatice româno-italiene după intrarea României în Primul Război Mondial (1916–1917) .............................................................................................. 281 ION ŢURCANU, Unirea Basarabiei cu România în anul 1918 şi primele reacţii externe la acest eveniment............................................................................................................................. 299 VALERIU PASAT, Viaţa cotidiană religioasă în Moldova sovietică în primii ani postbelici (1944–1949)......................................................................................................................... 313 EDUCAŢIE ŞI JUSTIŢIE CĂTĂLINA CHELCU, SILVIU VĂCARU, Furtul şi tâlhăria în sentinţele Departamentului Criminalicesc din Moldova (1799–1804)............................................................................. 343 NICOLETA ROMAN, De trebuinţă şi cu mare căutare. Şcoala Lazaro-Oteteleşanu din Craiova în perioada regulamentară .................................................................................................... 361 „Revista istorică”, tom XXVIII, 2017, nr. 3–4, p. 203–406 204 NOTE ŞI RECENZII IOAN-IRINEU FĂRCAŞ, Omul tuturor. Monseniorul Octavian Bârlea şi pătimirile exilului românesc, 1946–1978, Edit. Vremea, Bucureşti, 2017, 464 p. (Cristian Vasile); FLORENTINA NIŢU, FLORIN MÜLLER, REMUS NICĂ, Istorie şi istorici la Universitatea din Bucureşti – dimensiuni instituţionale – proiecte intelectuale, Edit. Universităţii din Bucureşti, Bucureşti, 2016, 168 p. (Mihaela Denize); T.D. PANOVA, Яды в борьбе за власть. Россия. XI – начало XVII в., Moskva, 2017, 160 p. (Mihai Anatolii Ciobanu); LUCIAN VASILE, Ploieştii în Marele Război, Asociaţia pentru Educaţie şi Dezvoltare Urbană, Bucureşti, 2017, 108 p. (Iuliu-Marius Morariu) ................ 399 HISTORICAL REVIEW NEW SERIES TOME XXVIII, NOS. 3–4 May – August 2017 CONTENTS SOCIETY AND REFORM RALUCA TOMI, Romanian Abolitionism between Reforming Tradition and External Influences.... 207 MINORITIES AND REFUGEES MARIUS CHELCU, The Origin, Evolution and Finality of an Idea: The Armenians’ Right to Land Ownership in Moldavia............................................................................................... 221 RADU TUDORANCEA, The Land of a New Beginning. The Children of the Greek Communist Refugees on Romanian Territory ......................................................................................... 243 WORLD CONFLAGRATIONS – EVOLUTION AND CONSEQUENCES MIHAIL DOBRE, Romanian-Italian Diplomatic Highlights after Romania’s Entry into the First World War (1916–1917).............................................................................................. 281 ION ŢURCANU, Bessarabia’s Union with Romania in 1918 and the First External Reactions to This Event ........................................................................................................................ 299 VALERIU PASAT, Daily Religious Life in Soviet Moldavia in the Early Postwar Years (1944–1949)......................................................................................................................... 313 EDUCATION AND JUSTICE CĂTĂLINA CHELCU, SILVIU VĂCARU, Theft and Robbery in the Sentences of the Criminal Department in Moldavia (1799–1804) ................................................................................. 343 NICOLETA ROMAN, Needed and Very Much Sought After. The Lazaro-Oteteleşanu School from Craiova during the Organic Regulation Period............................................................ 361 „Revista istorică”, tom XXVIII, 2017, nr. 3–4, p. 203–406 206 NOTES AND REVIEWS IOAN-IRINEU FĂRCAŞ, Omul tuturor. Monseniorul Octavian Bârlea şi pătimirile exilului românesc, 1946–1978 (Everybody’s Man. Monsignor Octavian Bârlea and the Passions of the Romanian Exile. 1946–1978), Edit. Vremea, Bucharest, 2017, 464 pp. (Cristian Vasile); FLORENTINA NIŢU, FLORIN MÜLLER, REMUS NICĂ, Istorie şi istorici la Universitatea din Bucureşti – dimensiuni instituţionale – proiecte intelectuale (History and Historians at the University of Bucharest. Institutional Dimensions. Intellectual Projects), Edit. Universităţii din Bucureşti, Bucharest, 2016, 168 pp. (Mihaela Denize); T.D. PANOVA, Яды в борьбе за власть. Россия. XI – начало XVII в., Moscow, 2017, 160 pp. (Mihai Anatolii Ciobanu); LUCIAN VASILE, Ploieştii în Marele Război (Ploieşti in the Great War), Asociaţia pentru Educaţie şi Dezvoltare Urbană, Bucharest, 2017, 108 pp. (Iuliu-Marius Morariu) .................................................. 399 SOCIETATE ŞI REFORMĂ ABOLIŢIONISMUL ROMÂNESC ÎNTRE TRADIŢIE REFORMATOARE ŞI INFLUENŢE EXTERNE* RALUCA TOMI** „Acea zi frumoasă nu este departe în care Moldova va fi un pământ de slobozenie, pe care picior de rob nu va călca; şi să dea Dumnezeu ca această zi fericită şi măreaţă, în care toată familia românească să se vadă una prin aceleşi drituri, să fie ziua de 6 april 1849. Nici cu un alt chip mai vrednic nu se poate serba jubileul hotărârii obşteşti din 6 april 1749; dezrobirea vecinilor s-ar serba prin dez- robirea ţiganilor!!!”, scria Mihail Kogălniceanu în numărul special al „Propăşirii” din februarie 1844, sintetizând astfel programul social al generaţiei sale: emanci- parea clăcaşilor, care urma a fi înfăptuită, şi eliberarea robilor ţigani. Ne propunem să surprindem în cele ce urmează felul în care a evoluat critica robiei ţiganilor în prima jumătate a secolului al XIX-lea, interdependenţa dintre nevoia internă a înfăptuirii programului social, rezolvarea problemei ţărăneşti şi cea a emancipării robilor ţigani şi influenţele externe. După ce cu alte prilejuri ne-am ocupat de influenţele franceze, britanice şi americane, în acest articol vom prezenta ecoul reformelor din Imperiul Otoman şi cel Rus. TRADIŢIA REFORMATOARE: EMANCIPAREA ROBILOR ÎN VIZIUNEA UNOR REPREZENTANŢI AI ELITEI: CLERICI, BOIERI LUMINAŢI, CĂRTURARI În secolul al XVIII-lea, apelul la preceptele creştine în motivarea reformelor sociale era obişnuit. Domnitorul Moldovei, Constantin Duca, la cumpăna veacurilor al XVII-lea şi al XVIII-lea, scria, referindu-se la soarta vecinilor, „că pacatu este să-l robeşti pe frate-tău, căci păgânii îşi cumpără robii pe bani şi în al şaptelea an îi iartă, iar alţii şi mai curând le dau slobozenie, iar tu eşti creştin şi neluându-i pe bani şi fiind creştini ca şi tine şi tu vrei în veci să-l vecineşti”1. Desfiinţarea veciniei în Moldova s-a realizat în biserica Trei Ierarhi din Iaşi, lângă moaştele Sfintei cuvioase Paraschiva, joi a doua săptămână după Paşte, când Soborul Mare al Moldovei s-a întrunit şi a hotărât că „vecinii robi nu sunt, nici se stăpânesc cu * Articol scris în cadrul proiectului CNCS-UEFISCDI, The Abolitionist Movement in the Context of Civil and Political Emancipation in Modern Romania, cod proiect PN II-ID-PCE-2011-3-0655. ** Institutul de Istorie „Nicolae Iorga”, Bucureşti; [email protected]. 1 Florin Constantiniu, Constantin Mavrocordat, Bucureşti, 1985, p. 130. „Revista istorică”, tom XXVIII, 2017, nr. 3–4, p. 207–220 208 Raluca Tomi nume de robie”, că vecin „vrea să zică sătean megieaş fără de moşie, atâta doar că din sat nu este volnic să iasă”2. Se limpezea astfel statutul ţăranului dependent prin raportarea sa la situaţia robului ţigan. Am amintit cele de mai sus, pentru că în critica robiei din prima jumătate a secolului al XIX-lea se împletesc argumentele religioase cu cele izvorâte din scrierile gânditorilor iluminişti. Astfel, în Codul Calimach din Moldova se recunoştea că robia contravine dreptului firesc al omului, dar existenţa ei nu putea fi pusă la îndoială, pentru că era un obicei al ţării: „Robia şi aceea cu privire către dânsa urmată stăpânire, deşi sunt împotriva firescului drept al omului, s-au urmat din învechime în Prinţipatul acesta.” Când se modifică această poziţie de acceptare neputincioasă a unei realităţi izvorâte din trecutul îndepărtat şi se încearcă schimbarea mentalităţilor mai întâi, iar apoi conceptualizarea unor reforme concrete? Memoriile boiereşti de la sfârşitul secolului al XVIII-lea şi începutul celui de-al XIX-lea nu amintesc robii ţigani. Însă, pe lângă preocupările pentru statutul juridic al Ţării Româneşti şi al Moldovei în contextul problemei orientale, în scrierile reprezentanţilor micii boierimi, ale cărvunarilor, se făcea referire la egalitate drept bază a progresului (egalitatea între diferitele grupuri boiereşti), la adevărata nobleţe, care era dată de „îmbunătăţirile cele sufleteşti”, la urcarea treptelor sociale „pe baza învăţăturii, silinţei şi vredniciei”. Se încerca o nouă definire a patriei ca fiind o comunitate întemeiată pe drepturi şi îndatoriri reciproce, „petrecerea cea politicească, adică societatea celor ce locuiesc împreună”, şi se preciza că domnitorul trebuie să „lucreze şi să săvâr- şească cele bune şi folositoare obştii”3. Toate
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