Winstons War: Churchill, 1940-1945 PDF Book

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Winstons War: Churchill, 1940-1945 PDF Book WINSTONS WAR: CHURCHILL, 1940-1945 PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Sir Max Hastings | 555 pages | 03 May 2011 | Vintage Books | 9780307388711 | English | United States Winstons War: Churchill, 1940-1945 PDF Book No trivia or quizzes yet. I always put the US' involvement in Europe against the backdrop of the 'Europe first' policy. Viscount Halifax. Against this background, the service ministers and Chiefs of Staff strongly opposed sending planes and tanks to Russia. But then, how could I? Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury. Henry Pownall make them more valuable to us as eyewitnesses and eavesdroppers than they seemed to their contemporaries as players in the drama. How very differently history might have turned out were it not for this remarkable man. Of course there are elements of this in the book too. The absence of Western aid made it all the more urgent that Britain should be seen to fight in the west, that the desert army should once more take the offensive. Much of the criticism of the SOE, he believed, derived from Whitehall jealousies. Until the day of the German assault, under the terms of the Nazi-Soviet Pact Stalin provided Hitler with huge and material assistance. The Germans noticed. Until March , when the Germans awoke to the importance of interdicting Allied supplies and strongly reinforced their air and naval forces in northern Norway, convoys to Russia were almost unmolested, and only two British ships were lost. The important question about the SOE concerns the wisdom of its military policies. But it became irresponsible in —45, when Allied victory was assured. It took time for the trauma of defeat to be overcome, for like-minded defiant spirits to meet and coalesce into groups. Neville Chamberlain had many weaknesses as prime minister, but foremost among them was a revulsion from the conflict to which his country was committed, shared by many members of his government. These were spoken of endlessly and squashed at staff meetings. It is easy to see why the Albanians, mired in poverty and a struggle for existence, showed so little enthusiasm for supporting the activist purposes of British missions. New role created to lead post-war planning. The British were beaten again and again between and , and continued to suffer battlefield difficulties thereafter, in consequence of failures of tactics, weapons, equipment and culture even more significant than lack of mass or inspired leadership. Ministers at War. This book may have some valuable lessons not just about leadership but about the relationship between soldiers and civil society. The British Chiefs of Staff in urged that local resisters should be warned against provoking pitched battles with the Germans. Oct 27, Chin Joo rated it really liked it Shelves: history , ww2 , biography. From onwards, the SOE lavished much effort upon Mediterranean countries, with mixed results. Frederick Montague. There was a sharp contrast between U. But not for long. Even a heart attack could not stop him. A warts and all picture of Churchill, a truly great war leader and statesman, who was Minister of Defence as well as Prime Minister. Richard Law. People who worked for him had sometimes been harshly treated, but even they grew to like him. German policy was notably effective in suppressing dissent. The reason is not far to seek. Winstons War: Churchill, 1940-1945 Writer The Nazis want to knock off their enemies one at a time—today the Russians, tomorrow the British … Do the British understand this? Rigorous security sought to conceal from the enemy the fact that Bletchley Park was breaking their codes. In fairness, a biography of Churchill by an English author would inevitably have such biases, and they constitute only a minor flaw in an otherwise profound and comprehensive work. Enabling JavaScript in your browser will allow you to experience all the features of our site. Yet untrained and ill-organised civilians could never aspire to defeat regular troops. Previously British Ambassador to the Soviet Union. Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Aircraft Production. Namespaces Article Talk. And so it was. A specially convened sitting of the House of Commons was held and Churchill spoke for the first time as Prime Minister: [21]. Lord Alness. He stood down as editor of the Evening Standard in and was knighted in William Morrison. Hastings shows the real complexities of the war, human and political. At Oradour-sur-Glane the next day, men, women and children were slaughtered, in reprisal for the abduction by maquisards of a popular SS battalion commander. Appointed Minister of Labour and National Service on 13 May but was outside the war cabinet until 3 October Sad end to the book too. The British and American peoples to this day perceive their contribution to the eastern war in terms of convoys heroically fought across the Arctic to Murmansk, bearing massive Western aid. The very factors that made Churchill the only person who could have made Britain keep up the fight after -- his anachronistic, Victorian-era jingoism and love of Empire -- made him essentially redundant by , rightly viewed with suspicion by Roosevelt and only kept from disastrous strategic interventions by the good sense and powerful personalities of his generals. Ernest Thurtle. To be able to steer a broken ship through a hurricane while blindfolded must mean you are a sailor of incredible skill; to do it while your crew is in mutiny and yelling and screaming over each other is incredible to the point of being stupendous. For many years after , the democracies found it gratifying to perceive the Second World War in Europe as a struggle for survival between themselves and Nazi tyranny. In —45, partisans were often useful as guides and intelligence sources for the advancing Allied forces, but this was a marginal activity. Their perspicacity often failed to match their enthusiasm. Shelves: nonfiction-history. Winstons War: Churchill, 1940-1945 Reviews In May , Baldwin retired and was succeeded by Neville Chamberlain who continued Baldwin's foreign policy of appeasement in the face of German, Italian and Japanese aggression. On 20 May, Attlee attended his party conference and found that opinion was against him so he informed Churchill that Labour must leave the coalition. The Labour Party appointed an acting Leader of the Opposition whose job, although he was in effect a member of the national government, was to ensure the continued functionality of the House of Commons. The Russian people were just cannon fodder to him. Secretary of State for Air. James Stuart. Page But without Churchill, his country would have seemed a mere exhausted victim of the conflict, rather than the protagonist which he was determined that Britain should be seen to remain until the end. My only problem with this book was the number of people referred to. Charles Peat. Minister of Information. He had the emotional capacity of a walnut, but the social one of a court's jester who reads every single face in the room before they've had time to fake it. William Murdoch Adamson. One cannot help feeling a little indignant over the American's handling of their allies; it is easy to feel that when the British were suffering alone and at one point was on the brink , the US was dragging its feet and seemed almost ready to let Britain meet its 'fate' in the hands of Hitler, and yet once they themselves were attacked, they were almost reckless in wanting to bring retribution to their enemies. James Chuter Ede. Churchill was one of a tiny number of actors who proved worthy of the role in which destiny cast him. Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Information. Lord Commissioner of the Treasury junior. Sir Archibald Sinclair, Bt. To fulfil this, he was obliged to overcome intense prejudices on both sides of the Atlantic. Even a heart attack could not stop him. I must confess that in these circumstances it is hard to be the representative and defender of the people. Second, it develops the issue of how Churchill and Britain adjusted to a situation where British troops seemed to be always losing and being beaten badly by the Wehrmacht. The most baleful consequence of resistance was that it represented the legitimisation of violent civilian activity in opposition to local regimes, of a kind which has remained a focus of controversy throughout the world ever since. Here, Hastings continues a line of argument he brilliantly advanced in Armageddon: The Battle for Germany, — it was the Russian Army that broke the Wehrmacht; the British and Americans merely finished it off. Lord in Waiting. He communed with Beaverbrook and Sir Stafford Cripps, the Moscow ambassador who chanced to be in Britain, but did not trouble to summon the Cabinet. Secretary for Overseas Trade. A year earlier, tiny Finland had humiliated the Red Army. Winstons War: Churchill, 1940-1945 Read Online The book closes almost in the tones of a Greek tragedy, with its sense that the character of the main protagonist — Churchill, empire — always carried within it the seeds of an inevitable and unavoidable catastrophe at the end. Osbert Peake. Sir Stafford Cripps. Later, we see his significance ebb as the United States enters the war and the Soviets turn the tide on the Eastern Front. El monarca de las sombras. Dec 07, Keith Trullinger rated it it was amazing. Original Title. Marquess of Normanby. We were in the midst of before Pearl Harbor. But where was the honour in what Roosevelt did, in bleeding the British and French economies white and in seeking quite consciously to bring Britain and its empire low? But I take up my task with buoyancy and hope. The divide between the sentiments of the public and those of the prime minister towards the Soviet Union became a chasm in May Related Searches.
Recommended publications
  • A Chronology of World War Two in Many Ways the Most Effective Form of Index to the Newspaper Covered In
    A Chronology of World War Two In many ways the most effective form of index to the newspaper covered in this project is a chronology of the period is a chronology of the period. After all, the newspapers all focused on the same basic news stories, responding as quickly as they could to the events happening around them. Of course, there were difficulties involved in communicating between London and the far flung frontiers of the war, or to imposed censorship. As a result, some stories are reported a day or more after the events themselves. Despite the fact that the news reporters attended the same briefings and were in receipt of the same official bulletins from their own independent reporters active in the war­zones (some actually active behind enemy lines), with their own unsyndicated pictures, and with special articles commissioned and copyrighted by the papers. As such, a brief chronology of events serves to direct the reader to the issues covered by all or most of the newspapers, if not to the style or substance of the coverage. The chronology for each year begins with a brief summary of the major events of the year (in bold type), and a list of the books, films and records which appeared (in italic). There then follows a more detailed calendar of the events of the year. With regard to films, the initial year of release has been given as Hollywood columns often give detail of new films released in the States. Please note, however, that many were not released in Britain for another six to twelve months.
    [Show full text]
  • The Speaker of the House of Commons: the Office and Its Holders Since 1945
    The Speaker of the House of Commons: The Office and Its Holders since 1945 Matthew William Laban Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2014 1 STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY I, Matthew William Laban, confirm that the research included within this thesis is my own work or that where it has been carried out in collaboration with, or supported by others, that this is duly acknowledged below and my contribution indicated. Previously published material is also acknowledged below. I attest that I have exercised reasonable care to ensure that the work is original, and does not to the best of my knowledge break any UK law, infringe any third party’s copyright or other intellectual Property Right, or contain any confidential material. I accept that the College has the right to use plagiarism detection software to check the electronic version of this thesis. I confirm that this thesis has not been previously submitted for the award of a degree by this or any other university. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author. Signature: Date: Details of collaboration and publications: Laban, Matthew, Mr Speaker: The Office and the Individuals since 1945, (London, 2013). 2 ABSTRACT The post-war period has witnessed the Speakership of the House of Commons evolving from an important internal parliamentary office into one of the most recognised public roles in British political life. This historic office has not, however, been examined in any detail since Philip Laundy’s seminal work entitled The Office of Speaker published in 1964.
    [Show full text]
  • The Roles of the Conservative Party
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Birmingham Research Archive, E-theses Repository THE ROLES OF THE CONSERVA TIVE PARTY AND THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT DURING THE 'PHONEY WAR', SEPTEMBER 1939 TO MAY 1940. BY NIGEL ANTHONY PETER JOHNSON A thesis submitted to The University ofBirmingham For the degree of MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY Department ofMedieval and Modem History School ofHistorical Studies The University ofBirmingham March 200 1 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT This thesis is a detailed study of the interaction between the Conservative party and the National government during the nine months of the 'phoney war'. It concentrates on the potential strength of Chamberlain's position and the Conservative party at the outbreak of war. The Conservative party entered the Second World War full of confidence. The party dominated British politics at a national level. However, Chamberlain's failure to widen the government damaged his credibility as a wartime leader when Labour's leaders rejected his offer of key seats in the war cabinet of the National government.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix A: List of Cabinet Ministers, 1945-51
    Appendix A: List of Cabinet Ministers, 1945-51 Prime Minister and Minister of Defence C. R. Attlee Lord President and Leader of the Commons Herbert Morrison Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin Lord Privy Seal Arthur Greenwood Chancellor of the Exchequer Hugh Dalton President of the Board of Trade Sir Stafford Cripps Lord Chancellor Lord Jowitt First Lord of the Admiralty A. V. Alexander Home Secretary J. Chuter Ede Dominions Secretary and Leader of the Lords Viscount Addison Secretary for India and Burma Lord Pethick-Lawrence Colonial Secretary G. H. Hall Secretary for War J. J. Lawson Secretary for Air Viscount Stansgate Secretary for Scotland Joseph Westwood Minister of Labour and National Service G. A. Isaacs Minister of Fuel and Power Emanuel Shinwell Minister of Education Ellen Wilkinson Minister of Health Aneurin Bevan Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries Tom Williams Changes in 1946: On 4 Oct A. V. Alexander became Minister without Portfolio in preparation for becoming Minister of Defence when the new legislation concerning the post had been enacted. This he was able to do on 20 Dec. But on the earlier date the three Service Ministers (Admiralty, War and Air) were all excluded from the Cabinet. On 4 Oct A. Creech Jones succeeded G. H. Hall as Colonial Secretary. Changes in 1947: On the death of Ellen Wilkinson, George Tomlinson became Minister of Education on 10 Feb. On 17 Apr Arthur Greenwood became Minister without Portfolio and Lord Inman succeeded him as Lord Privy Seal; Lord Pethick-Lawrence retired and was succeeded by Lord Listowel. On 7 July the Dominions Office was renamed the Commonwealth Relations Office.
    [Show full text]
  • C.C. (53) % It \-::.:;: M;,;R .''Y-:';-V :.' ' ' ; .'' J^Tl 48Th Conclusions
    THIS DOCUMENT IS THE PROPERTY OF. HER BRITANNIC MAJESTVS GOVERNMENT v'. " Printed for the Cabinet. August 1953 ,.j * / ? SECRET ' Copy No. c.c. (53) % It \-::.:;: M;,;r .''y-:';-V :.' ' ' ; .'' j^tl 48th Conclusions CABINET CONCLUSIONS of a Meeting of the Cabinet held at 10 Downing Street, S.W. 1, on Monday, 10th August, 1953, at 3 p.m. ' . ' ; : , ^ ' , i . Present: The Right Hon. R. A. BUTLER, M.P., Chancellor of the Exchequer (in the Chair)' The Most Hon. the MARQUESS OF The Right Hon. LORD SIMONDS, Lord SALISBURY, Lord President of the Chancellor. ,, .' Council. - ' I ' . The Right Hon. Sir DAVID MAXWELL The Right Hon. VISCOUNT WOOLTON, .. FYFE,, Q.C., M.P., Secretary of State Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, for the Home Department and Minister for Welsh Affairs. - . .. 1 The Right Hon. H. F. C. CROOKSHANK, The Right Hon. the EARL ALEXANDER . M.P., Lord Privy Seal. OF TUNIS, Minister of Defence. The Right Hon. VISCOUNT SWINTON, The Right Hon. OLIVER LYTTELTON, Secretary of State for Commonwealth M.P., Secretary of State for the Relations. Colonies. The Right Hon. LORD LEATHERS, Secre- The Right Hon. Sir WALTER MONCKTON, tary of State for Co-ordination of Q.C., M.P., Minister of Labour and Transport, Fuel and Power. National Service. The Right Hon. HAROLD MACMILLAN, The Right Hon. LORD CHERWELL, M.P., Minister of Housing and Local Paymaster-General. Government. The following were also present: The Right Hon. ANTONY HEAD, M.P., The Right Hon. LQRD DE LISLE AND Secretary of State for War. DUDLEY, Secretary of State for Air.
    [Show full text]
  • Britain's Pacific H-Bomb Tests
    12 The Prime Minister— Harold Macmillan In early 1957, Harold Macmillan inherited a government in crisis. British, French and Israeli forces had invaded Egypt in October 1956, but were forced into an ignominious withdrawal by December—under American pressure—ending their unsuccessful military adventure. The Suez crisis divided the Conservative government and, suffering from chronic depression, British Prime Minister Sir Anthony Eden fled to Jamaica in November. He spent weeks relaxing with his wife Clarissa at Goldeneye, the tropical retreat of novelist Ian Fleming, creator of the James Bond thrillers.1 Eden’s Personal Private Secretary Evelyn Shuckburgh noted his fragile mental state: A.E. has broken down and gone to Jamaica. This is the most extraordinary feature of the whole thing. Is he on his way out, has he had a nervous breakdown, is he mad? The captain leaves the sinking ship which he had steered personally onto the rocks.2 Eden was certainly ‘on his way out’. Former Foreign Secretary and Chancellor of the Exchequer Harold Macmillan moved to replace the ailing leader and succeeded Eden as prime minister on 10 January 1957. 1 Matthew Parker: Goldeneye: Where Bond Was Born (Pegasus, 2015), pp. 210–218. 2 Evelyn Shuckburgh and John Charmley: Descent to Suez, diaries 1951–56 (Littlehampton Book Services, 1986), p. 365, cited in Calder Walton: Empire of Secrets—British intelligence, the Cold War and the twilight of Empire (Harper Press, London, 2013). 177 GRAPPLING WITH THE BOMB British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan, 1957 Source: UK Government . The new prime minister quickly moved to revitalise the crumbling British Empire.
    [Show full text]
  • 9781780746135.Pdf
    A Oneworld book First published in Great Britain and the Commonwealth by Oneworld Publications, 2015 First published in the US by Basic Books, a Member of the Perseus Books Group Copyright © 2015 by Jonathan Schneer The moral right of Jonathan Schneer to be identified as the Author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 All rights reserved Copyright under Berne Convention A CIP record for this title is available from the British Library ISBN 978-1-78074-613-5 eISBN 978-1-78074-614-2 Printed and bound by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY Oneworld Publications 10 Bloomsbury Street London WC1B 3SR To Margaret, Ben and Seth CONTENTS Glossary of Names ix Introduction xvii Prologue xxi Part I: Making a War Cabinet Chapter 1 Challenging the Prime Minister 3 Chapter 2 Finding a War Prime Minister 25 Part II: Churchill and His Ministers at War Chapter 3 Testing the War Cabinet 47 Chapter 4 The Months of Greatest Crisis 61 Chapter 5 Shaping the War Cabinet 83 Chapter 6 The War Cabinet at Work 95 Chapter 7 Spearhead of the Left 115 Chapter 8 Coping with Mr. Cripps 137 Chapter 9 The Cat That Walked Alone 155 Chapter 10 The Impact of Professor Beveridge 179 vii viii Contents Chapter 11 The “Cocky Cockney” and the Debate over Postwar Britain 195 Part III: Sundering the War Cabinet Chapter 12 Churchill on the Downslope 215 Chapter 13 Aftershock 231 Coda 251 Acknowledgments 265 Notes 267 Bibliography 303 Index 309 GLOSSARY OF NAMES These brief notes are provided as an aid to the identification of the people discussed in this book.
    [Show full text]
  • Dutch Foreign Policy, 1948 - 1954
    DUTCH FOREIGN POLICY, 1948 - 1954: FROM NEUTRALITY TO COMMITMENT Submitted by William David Eustratios Mallinson for the Degree of PhD. London School of Economics and Political Science 1990 UMI Number: U048314 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Disscrrlation Publishing UMI U048314 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 This thesis aims to explain why and how the Netherlands came to form part of the post-war Western security system and to support he rearmament of West Germany. It looks critically at how major post-war developments in Europe affected Dutch foreign policy, traditionally one of abstentionism, and considers the extent of Dutch influence in post-war Western co­ operation. The Dutch attitude towards the process of German rearmament and to the Netherlands’ own security needs is described and analysed. The considerable problems the Dutch had with Britain and the Unites States over Indonesia and the German question, and with Britain and the “European question”, are set out and analysed, as are important aspects of Dutch-German relations, particularly the “annexation question” and trade.
    [Show full text]
  • Biographical Notes
    Biographical Notes Arden-Oarke, Charles N. (1898-1962). Kt 1946; GCMG 1952; entered Colonial Administrative Service 1920; Administrative Officer Northern Nigeria 1920-33; Acting Principal Assistant Secretary, Nigerian Secretariat 1934-6; Assistant Resident Com- missioner and Government Secretary, Bechuanaland Protect- orate 1936, and Resident Commissioner 1937-42; Resident Com- missioner Basutoland 1942-6; Governor and Commander in Chief, Sarawak 1946-9, Gold Coast 1949-57; First Governor- General and Commander in Chief Ghana March-July 1957; member Monckton Commission 1960. Baring, Evelyn (1903-73). 1st Baron Howick of Glendale 1960; KCVO 1947; GCMG 1955; KG 1972; entered Indian Civil Service 1926; Secretary to Agent of Government of India in South Africa 1929-34; Governor of Southern Rhodesia 1942-4; High Commis- sioner for the UK and High Commission Territories, Union of South Africa 1944-51; Governor of Kenya and Chairman East African High Commission 1952-9; Deputy-Chairman, then Chairman, Colonial Development Corporation 1960-3; Chair- man, Commonwealth Development Corporation 1963-72. Bates, William Stanley (b. 1920). Assistant Principal Colonial Office 1948; Principal 1951; on loan to Commonwealth Relations Office 1954, transferred 1956; Office of the UK High Commis- sioner Australia 1956-9; Assistant Secretary seconded to Central African Office 1962; Deputy High Commissioner Kaduna 1963-5; Head Communications Department Foreign and Common- wealth Office 1967-70; UK High Commissioner Guyana 1970-5. Baxter, George H. (1894-1962). Entered India Office 1920; Financial Secretary 1933-43; Assistant Under-Secretary of State for India 1943-7, and for Commonwealth Relations 1947-55; Chairman Conference on Closer Association in Central Africa March 1951; visited Central Africa for Victoria Falls Conference September 1951.
    [Show full text]
  • Churchill Appraises Hitler: 1930-1939
    Churchill Appraises Hitler: 1930-1939 by Steven Gregg Wittenberg Thesis for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in History College of Liberal Arts and Sciences University of Illinois Urbana, Illinois 1992 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first and foramoat Ilka to thank Profaaaor Waltar Amataln for Ma Hin§ ftna quknmm Wicnoui wnicn inis pspvr wouio noi nivv d w i po®wu(®» rwi patianoa and hi* aootaaibillty wara Immaaaurabla. I would alto Hka to thank Profaaaor Buoklar for hlatlma and NawUHngnaaa to aarva on tha honors oommlttta. I would alao Hka to thank my paranta, grandparanta, and Natar for llatonlng to my oomplalnts and for llatanlng to ma ramWa on about Wlnaton’a innumarable wrltlnga and apaaehaa. Rnally, I would Hka to thank my gliifrland, Alyaa Hayum, for putting up with my lata night phono oalla and my amotional 141a and downa duo to tha atraaa Involvad In writing thia papar. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION BACXROUND Churchill's Early Yean...............................................................................7 Young Winston's Pint Attempts at Politics............................ 11 The Dardanelles..............................................................................15 Death and Reasuraction................................................................. 18 From Foreign to Domestic Policy................................................20 Hitler’s Early Yean.........................................................................24 The Formative Yean...................................................................... 25 Hitler
    [Show full text]
  • Britain's Pacific H-Bomb Tests
    1 The leader—Sir Winston Churchill Sir Winston Churchill, Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin at the February 1945 Yalta conference Source: US National Archives . 19 GRAPPLING WITH THE BOMB Jock Colville was a worried man. As Principal Private Secretary to Sir Winston Churchill, he could see that the British Prime Minister was a sick man—and burdened by nuclear nightmares. The news that both the United States and the Soviet Union had developed a hydrogen bomb as well as atomic weapons weighed heavily on his boss. Following the announcement from Moscow that the Soviet Union had tested a hydrogen bomb on 12 August 1953, Colville noted in his diary: PM coming round towards resignation in October. Says he no longer has the zest for work and finds the world in an abominable state wherever he looks. Greatly depressed by thoughts on the hydrogen bomb.1 After serving as Prime Minister during the Second World War, Sir Winston Churchill had succeeded Clement Attlee for another term of office in October 1951. In his final political years, however, Churchill was ageing and in ill health after suffering a stroke in June 1953. On 15 August, three days after the Soviet H-bomb test, Churchill told colleagues: I was depressed, not only about myself, but about the terrible state of the world. That hydrogen bomb can destroy 2 million people. It is so awful that I have the feeling that it will not happen.2 These concerns about the hydrogen bomb were a significant change. As Britain’s leader during the Second World War, Churchill had actively supported the US Manhattan project, which developed the first atomic weapon.3 Following the August 1943 Quebec Agreement on wartime nuclear collaboration between Britain and the United States, British scientists played a key role in translating the theoretical physics of nuclear fission into a practical weapon, which first detonated at Alamogordo in the New Mexico desert in July 1945.
    [Show full text]
  • Sir Anthony Eden and the Suez Crisis Reluctant Gamble
    Sir Anthony Eden and the Suez Crisis Reluctant Gamble Jonathan Pearson Sir Anthony Eden and the Suez Crisis This page intentionally left blank Sir Anthony Eden and the Suez Crisis Reluctant Gamble Jonathan Pearson © Jonathan Pearson 2003 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2003 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 0–333–98451–X This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
    [Show full text]