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The U.S.-ROK Alliance in the 21St Century and Abraham Denmark 21St Centur Y U.S.-ROK Allianceu.S.-ROK in the The The U.S.-ROK Alliance 2009년도 KINU Korea-U.S. 민간전략대화 및 국제적 공동연구 The U.S.-ROK Alliance in the 21st Century 21st the in Alliance U.S.-ROK The in the 21st Centur y and Abraham Denmark edited by Jung-Ho Bae The U.S.-ROK Alliance in the 21st Centur y edited by Jung-Ho Bae and Abraham Denmark The U.S.-ROK Alliance in the 21st Century Printed December 2009 Published December 2009 Published by Korea Institute for National Unification (KINU) Publisher President, Korea Institute for National Unification Editor Jung-Ho Bae and Abraham Denmark Registration number No.2-2361(April 23, 1997) Address 535-353 Suyu 6-dong, Gangbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea (zip code 142-728) Telephone (82-2) 900-4300; (82-2) 901-2527 Fax (82-2) 901-2543 Homepage http://www.kinu.or.kr Price Won 10,000 Design‧Print NEULPUMPLUS Co., Ltd. (82-2) 70-7090-1177 Copyright Korea Institute for National Unification, 2009 All KINU publications are available for purchase at all major bookstore in Korea. Also available at Government Printing Office Sales Center Store (82-2) 734-6818; Office (82-2) 394-0337 The U.S.-ROK Alliance in the 21st Century / editor by Jung-Ho Bae, Abraham Denmark. -- Seoul : Korea Institute for National Unification, 2009 p, ; cm ISBN 978-89-8479-543-3 93340 : ￦10000 한미 군사 협력[韓美 軍事 協力] ROK-US military cooperation... 349.11042-KDC4 327.519073-DDC21 CIP2009004247 The U.S.-ROK Alliance in the 21st Century ― Preface ― Joint Vision for the Alliance of the United States of America and the Republic of Korea Chapter 1 1 The Strategy of the Obama Administration toward Northeast Asia Abraham Denmark (Center for a New America Security, CNAS) Chapter 2 45 Myung-Bak Lee Administration’s North Korea Policy and the Inter-Korean Relations Jung-Ho Bae (Korea Institute for National Unification, KINU) Chapter 3 73 A Regional Approach to the North Korea Conundrum - Early Indications of an Obama Administration Policy L. Gordon Flake (The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation) Chapter 4 103 North Korea’s Policy toward the United States and the Coordination between the United States and South Korea - A Korean Perspective Choon-Kun Lee (Korea Institute for National Unification, KINU) Chapter 5 137 Coordinating North Korea Policy - An American View Richard Fontaine & Micah Springut (Center for a New America Security, CNAS) Chapter 6 181 ROK-U.S. Defense Cooperation against the North Korean Nuclear Threat - Strengthening Extended Deterrence Tae-Woo Kim (Korea Institute for Defense Analyses, KIDA) Chapter 7 221 Coordinating U.S.-ROK Defenses against North Korean Nuclear/Missile Threat Stanley B. Weeks (Institute for Defense Analysis, Naval War College) Chapter 8 245 The ROK’s Perspective of the ROK-U.S. Cooperation in the Transformation of the DPRK Sung-Wook Nam (The Institute for National Security Strategy, INSS) Chapter 9 275 Needed: A Joint ROK-U.S. Strategy for Dealing with North Korea Ralph A. Cossa (Pacific Forum Center for Strategic and International Studies, CSIS) Chapter 10 317 Strengthening the U.S.-Korea Alliance for the 21st Century - The Role of Korean-American Partnership in Shaping Asia’s Emerging Order Daniel Twining (German Marshall Fund) Chapter 11 345 Strengthening of the ROK-U.S. Alliance for the 21st Century Sung-Han Kim (Korea University) Contributors 373 The U.S.-ROK Alliance in the 21st Century >>> Preface Northeast Asia is a region where the interests of several great powers are in constant flux between competition and cooperation. Such a peculiar strategic environment is reflected in the dynamics of the Korean Peninsula. Therefore, efforts to manage affairs related to the security and future of the Korean Peninsula, especially in regards to the North Korean nuclear issue, requires cooperation among a wide cast of regional and strategic players including the United States, Japan, China and Russia. Of particular importance in this equation is the United States. Since its beginning, the Myung-Bak Lee administration has worked diligently to strengthen the U.S.-ROK alliance. On June 16, 2009, the presidents of both countries adopted a common vision to broaden the scope of U.S.-ROK cooperation beyond the area of security to include politics, economics, society and culture. This redefinition of a 21st century U.S.-ROK alliance will help both countries be better prepared to address strategic issues regarding the Korean peninsula. This study aims to strengthen U.S.-ROK policy coordination and cooperation in order to resolve salient issues regarding North Korea. It is intended to provide evidence and support for bolstering the U.S- ROK strategic alliance and developing a joint U.S.-ROK North Korea strategy. This study is supported by the Korea Institute for National Uni- fication (KINU) and the Center for a New American Security (CNAS) and is based on their understandings of the Obama administrations’ Northeast Asia and North Korea policies and the Myung-Bak Lee administration’s North Korea policy. This study is deeply indebted to several individuals for their tremendous efforts in assembling this volume: Dr. Tae-Woo Kim at KIDA; Nira Patel at CNAS; Dr. Choon-Kun Lee, visiting fellow at KINU; Eun-Jung Lee, research associate at KINU; and Sang-Yeon Lee, research associate at KINU. A special thanks to Dr. Lee who devoted several hours to translating the English manuscripts into Korean. As the editor of this volume, it is my hope that this research helps experts, policymakers, students and other audiences in the United States and South Korea to better understand the importance of U.S.-ROK co- operation as well as pending issues regarding the denuclearization of North Korea. Jung-Ho Bae (Director of the Center for International Relations Studies at KINU) JOINT VISION FOR THE ALLIANCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA Washington D.C. June 16, 2009 ■ ■ ■ The United States of America and the Republic of Korea are building an Alliance to ensure a peaceful, secure and prosperous future for the Korean Peninsula, the Asia-Pacific region, and the world. Our open societies, our commitment to free democracy and a market economy, and our sustained partnership provide a foundation for the enduring friendship, shared values, and mutual respect that tightly bind the American and Korean peoples. The bonds that underpin our Alliance and our partnership are strengthened and enriched by the close relationships among our citizens. We pledge to continue programs and efforts to build even closer ties between our societies, including cooperation among business, civic, cultural, academic, and other institutions. The United States-Republic of Korea Mutual Defense Treaty remains the cornerstone of the U.S.-ROK security relationship, which has guaranteed peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula and in Northeast Asia for over fifty years. Over that time, our security Alliance has strengthened and our partnership has widened to encompass political, economic, social and cultural cooperation. Together, on this solid foundation, we will build a comprehensive strategic alliance of bilateral, regional and global scope, based on common values and mutual trust. Together, we will work shoulder-to-shoulder to tackle challenges facing both our nations on behalf of the next generation. The Alliance is adapting to changes in the 21st Century security environment. We will maintain a robust defense posture, backed by allied capabilities which support both nations’ security interests. The continuing commitment of extended deterrence, including the U.S. nuclear umbrella, reinforces this assurance. In advancing the bilateral plan for restructuring the Alliance, the Republic of Korea will take the lead role in the combined defense of Korea, supported by an enduring and capable U.S. military force presence on the Korean Peninsula, in the region, and beyond. We will continue to deepen our strong bilateral economic, trade and investment relations. We recognize that the Korea-U.S. (KORUS) Free Trade Agreement could further strengthen these ties and we are committed to working together to chart a way forward. We aim to make low-carbon green growth into a new engine for sustainable economic prosperity and will closely cooperate in this regard. We will strengthen civil space cooperation, and work closely together on clean energy research and the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Through our Alliance we aim to build a better future for all people on the Korean Peninsula, establishing a durable peace on the Peninsula and leading to peaceful reunification on the principles of free democracy and a market economy. We will work together to achieve the complete and verifiable elimination of North Korea’s nuclear weapons and existing nuclear programs, as well as ballistic missile programs, and to promote respect for the fundamental human rights of the North Korean people. In the Asia-Pacific region we will work jointly with regional insti- tutions and partners to foster prosperity, keep the peace, and improve the daily lives of the people of the region. We believe that open societies and open economies create prosperity and support human dignity, and our nations and civic organizations will promote human rights, de- mocracy, free markets, and trade and investment liberalization in the region. To enhance security in the Asia-Pacific, our governments will advocate for, and take part in, effective cooperative regional efforts to promote mutual understanding, confidence and transparency re- garding security issues among the nations of the region. Our governments and our citizens will work closely to address the global challenges of terrorism, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, piracy, organized crime and narcotics, climate change, poverty, infringement on human rights, energy security, and epidemic disease. The Alliance will enhance coordination on peacekeeping, post- conflict stabilization and development assistance, as is being under- taken in Iraq and Afghanistan.
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