DOCSLIB.ORG

Evidence from the Juan Pardo Expeditions (1566-1568) Chester B

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

University of South Carolina Scholar Commons Archaeology and Anthropology, South Carolina Faculty & Staff ubP lications Institute of 1987 Sixteenth Century European Trade in the Southeastern United States: Evidence from the Juan Pardo Expeditions (1566-1568) Chester B. DePratter University of South Carolina - Columbia, [email protected] Marvin T. Smith Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/sciaa_staffpub Part of the Anthropology Commons Publication Info Published in Notebook, Volume 19, Issue 1-4, 1987, pages 52-61. http://www.cas.sc.edu/sciaa/ © 1987 by The outhS Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology This Article is brought to you by the Archaeology and Anthropology, South Carolina Institute of at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty & Staff ubP lications by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Sixteenth Century European Trade in the In 1562, Jean Ribault founded a small French colony at Southeastern United States: Charles fort on Port Royal Sound in present-day South Evidence from the Juan Pardo Expeditions Carolina (South 1980). Once the fort was built, Ribault (1566-1568)* assigned a garrison of 28 men to defend it. He then returned to France to obtain supplies and plan for the next By year's expansion of the colony. Soon after Ribault's departure, the fort's storeroom burned down. The men ran Chester B. DePratter short of food and dissension broke out (Bennett 1975:42- and 48; Quinn 1977). Finally the soldiers mutinied and killed Marvin T. Smith their commander. Faced with the prospect of starvation, the soldiers built a small ship and sailed for France. One Frenchman, Guillaume Rufin, remained with the Indians. In 1566-68, two Spanish expeditions commanded by Most of the other soldiers ultimately were rescued by an Captain Juan Pardo ventured inland from Santa Elena, a English vessel. Spanish settlement on the south Atlantic coast of North America (DePratter et al. 1980). Accompanied by 125 In 1564, Rene Goulaine de Laudonniere, who served soldiers, Pardo explored the area from the coast inland under Ribault, returned to Florida and established Fort beyond the Appalachian Mountains. Despite the Caroline at the mouth of the St. John's River. Spain importance of these expeditions, they have attracted immediately recognized this colony as a threat to her comparatively little scholarly attention, perhaps because of interest, and King Phillip II took steps to erase that threat. the limited nature of published primary documents recording He chose Pedro Menendez de Aviles to eradicate the French these journeys. colony and establish Spanish settlements on the Florida mainland to prevent future French incursions (Quinn 1977:282). Published Pardo expedition documents are three in number: 1) Pardo's account of both expeditions (Ruidiaz y On August 28, 1565, Menendez arrived in Florida with Caravia 1894); 2) a highly condensed account of the first 1,000 soldiers and established a town and fort at San expedition by a soldier, Francisco Martinez (Ruidfaz 1894); Agustin (Fig. 1). Three weeks later he attacked Fort and 3) a brief account of the second expedition by Juan de Caroline, which was undermanned and in poor repair. la Vandera who was the expedition's official scribe (Smith Menendez's force routed the French defenders, and massacred 1857; Ruidfaz 1894). more than 300 Frenchmen in the ensuing weeks. Translations of all three accounts into English have When the French presence in Florida had been been published by Ketcham (1954), Folmsbee and Lewis effectively eliminated, Menendez turned his efforts to (1965), and Quinn (1979). These three accounts provide consolidating his control over all of what Spain then only limited details about the route taken, local considered Florida. H is plans encompassed an area populations, and trade goods distributed. Previous studies extending from Chesapeake Bay in the north along the of Pardo's explorations (Mooney 1900; Ross 1930; Atlantic coast and west along the Gulf coast to the Panuco Lowery 1905; De Soto Expedition Commission 1939; and River in modem Mexico. Menendez had forts built at the Baker 1974) have been based entirely on these three mouths of the St. John's River (Fort San Mateo and two documents. blockhouses, San Gabriel and San Esteban), the St. Lucie River (Fort Santa Lucia), and on Port Royal Sound (Fort A fourth, unpublished account written by Juan de la San Felipe). Indian attacks and food shortages soon Vandera (1569) provides more details concerning all resulted in mutiny and desertion at all of the posts and by aspects of Pardo's second trip into the interior. When used the summer of 1566 Menendez's original force of 1,000 had together, the four known accounts furnished a relatively been reduced by over 300. complete picture of both expeditions, including the route followed and the trade materials that were distributed In June, Sancho de Arciniega arrived at San Agustin (DePratter et al. 1980). with 1,500 soldiers and settlers in addition to much-needed supplies. Faced with the problem of feeding and housing such a large force, Menendez stationed 250 soldiers at each [68]Historical Background of his three major forts (Fig. 1): San Felipe, San Mateo and San Agustin (Quinn 1977:268). Captain Juan Pardo Pardo's explorations were Spanish initiatives in the commanded the contingent sent to San Felipe (Ketcham sixteenth century rivalry between Spain and France. The 1954; Folmsbee and Lewis 1965). Other soldiers southeastern United States, La Florida to the Spaniards, was established Fort San Pedro (Fig. 1) and most of Arciniega's the focus of this rivalry because of its proximity to the settlers were sent to Santa Elena. Menendez had the important shipping routes followed by treasure-laden remaining soldiers placed aboard ships and sent into the Spanish ships returning to Europe from the Caribbean. Caribbean to chase pirates (Quinn 1977:268). France wanted a base from which to mount attacks against that shipping. The Atlantic coast of Florida was a natural Once the east coast forts were garrisoned and choice for locating such a base because of the open sea settlements were in place at San Agustin and Santa Elena, route from there back to France. Menendez turned his attention to settlement and exploration of other parts of Florida. He established a fort, *Reprinted by permission from Henry F. Dobyns (Editor), San Antonio, and a mission, Tocobaga, on the Gulf Coast, Spanish Colonial Frontier Research, pages 67-77 (1980), and dispatched an expedition to explore Chesapeake Bay published by Center for Anthropological Studies, (Quinn 1979:II:551-54). As part of the same effort, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Menendez ordered Captain Pardo to explore areas inland from Santa Elena. 52 inland to Chiaha and beyond. After a fierce battle at a fortified town, Boyano returned to Chi aha to await Pardo's Pardo's Mission return the next fall (Martinez in Ketcham 1954:74-78). In September, 1567, Pardo once again moved inland Pardo's explorations were intended to achieve several with 120 soldiers. He marched directly to Fort San Juan goals. Menendez's most pressing need was to disperse his and then on to Chi aha, where he was reunited with Sergeant forces and thus reduce the drain on his insufficient supplies Boyano and his unit. They then continued toward Coosa, (Quinn 1979: V:523). Menendez therefore ordered Pardo to but reports of a large Indian force farther ahead dissuaded take 150 men into the interior to establish forts there and Pardo from reaching his destination. A single soldier to arrange for the Indians to supply provisions to the apparently did continue on, ultimately passing through garrisons (Barrientos 1965:121,127). both Coosa and Tuscalusa before returning to Santa Elena (Mendez de Canzo 1600). A secondary function of the expedition was to find an overland route to Mexico, specifically the mines of Although Pardo failed to establish a fort at Coosa as Zacatecas and San Martin. The forts were to assist in planned by Menendez (Quinn 1979:II:402), he did establish keeping this overland route open. Such a route was six forts in the interior (Fig. 1): Ft. San Pedro (?) at considered feasible due to the relative ease with which de Chiaha, Ft. San Pablo at Cauchi, Ft. San Juan at Joara, Ft. Soto had passed through much of the same area 25 years Santiago at Guatari, Ft. Santo Tomas at Canos, and Ft. earlier. Geographic concepts had become somewhat Nueva Senora de Buena Esperanza at Orista (Vandera 1569). distorted during that 25-year interval, however, and Garrisons of 10 to 30 men were assigned to each fort. Menendez thought that the distance from Santa Elena to the Once most of his men were dispersed in the forts, Pardo mines in Mexico was ony 300 to 350 leagues, or 790 to returned to Santa Elena. On the return journey, Pardo halted 910 miles (Quinn 1979:II:398, 402). Tristan de Luna, who at several "crystal" mines reported to him by Boyano and led an expedition inland from the Gulf coast in search of de the Indian5 of Joara. He found crystals at several Soto's Coosa in 1559-61, thought that the distance from locations, and it is likely that one of these crystals was the Gulf of Mexico to Santa Elena was only 80 leagues given to Menendez (Ross 1930:285). The area from which (Priestley 1928:II:259). Because of this deficient the gem stone was collected contains beryl, gamet, and geographical knowledge, Pardo was expected to make the quartz, and diamonds have been found in the general trip to the Mexican mines and back in only six months.
Recommended publications
  • View / Open Gregory Oregon 0171N 12796.Pdf

    View / Open Gregory Oregon 0171N 12796.Pdf

    CHUNKEY, CAHOKIA, AND INDIGENOUS CONFLICT RESOLUTION by ANNE GREGORY A THESIS Presented to the Conflict and Dispute Resolution Program and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science June 2020 THESIS APPROVAL PAGE Student: Anne Gregory Title: Chunkey, Cahokia, and Indigenous Conflict Resolution This thesis has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science degree in the Conflict and Dispute Resolution Program by: Kirby Brown Chair Eric Girvan Member and Kate Mondloch Interim Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded June 2020. ii © 2020 Anne Gregory This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (United States) License. iii THESIS ABSTRACT Anne Gregory Master of Science Conflict and Dispute Resolution June 2020 Title: Chunkey, Cahokia, and Indigenous Conflicts Resolution Chunkey, a traditional Native American sport, was a form of conflict resolution. The popular game was one of several played for millennia throughout Native North America. Indigenous communities played ball games not only for the important culture- making of sport and recreation, but also as an act of peace-building. The densely populated urban center of Cahokia, as well as its agricultural suburbs and distant trade partners, were dedicated to chunkey. Chunkey is associated with the milieu surrounding the Pax Cahokiana (1050 AD-1200 AD), an era of reduced armed conflict during the height of Mississippian civilization (1000-1500 AD). The relational framework utilized in archaeology, combined with dynamics of conflict resolution, provides a basis to explain chunkey’s cultural impact.
  • Birth of a Colony North Carolina Guide for Educators Act II—The Road to Zacatecas

    Birth of a Colony North Carolina Guide for Educators Act II—The Road to Zacatecas

    Birth of a Colony North Carolina Guide for Educators Act II—The Road to Zacatecas Birth of a Colony Guide for Educators Birth of a Colony explores the history of North Carolina from the time of European exploration through the Tuscarora War. Presented in five acts, the video combines primary sources and expert commentary to bring this period of our history to life. Use this study guide to enhance students’ understanding of the ideas and information presented in the video. The guide is organized according to the video’s five acts. Included for each act are a synopsis, a vocabulary list, discussion questions, and lesson plans. Going over the vocabulary with students before watching the video will help them better understand the film’s content. Discussion questions will encourage students to think critically about what they have viewed. Lesson plans extend the subject matter, providing more information or opportunity for reflection. The lesson plans follow the new Standard Course of Study framework that takes effect with the 2012–2013 school year. With some adjustments, most of the questions and activities can be adapted for the viewing audience. Birth of a Colony was developed by the North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, in collaboration with UNC-TV and Horizon Productions. More resources are available at the website http://www.unctv.org/birthofacolony/index.php. 2 Act II—The Road to Zacatecas By the middle of the 16th century, Spain controlled much of South and Central America as well as the islands of the Caribbean. Sugar plantations, which relied heavily on the forced labor of the native people, flourished on the islands.
  • 1 Oral Pathological Conditions in Early Postcontact Guale, St

    1 Oral Pathological Conditions in Early Postcontact Guale, St

    Oral Pathological Conditions in Early Postcontact Guale, St. Catherines Island, Georgia Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Kendra Susan Weinrich, B.S. Graduate Program in Anthropology The Ohio State University 2020 Thesis Committee Dr. Clark Spencer Larsen, Advisor Dr. Debra Guatelli-Steinberg Dr. Mark Hubbe 1 Copyrighted by Kendra Susan Weinrich 2020 2 Abstract Situated within the broader context of oral health preceding and proceeding Spanish contact, documentation of oral pathological conditions in Guale individuals from the pre-Spanish mission Fallen Tree site, St. Catherines Island, Georgia, provides a record of oral health during initial Spanish contact. Oral pathological conditions, including dental caries, periodontal disease (PD), antemortem tooth loss (AMTL), and abscesses, reflect the outcome of multifaceted behavioral and biological circumstances and provide insight into individual and community-based oral health trends. This thesis tests the hypotheses that age-at-death, sex, and/or tooth class correlate directly with presence and severity of dental caries, PD, AMTL, and abscesses in Guale individuals (n=56) from Fallen Tree. Situated in the larger context of Guale oral health, this thesis predicts higher rates of oral pathological conditions in the Fallen Tree community and declining oral health during Spanish contact. Results from chi-square analyses revealed significant relationships between: 1) age and all oral pathology; 2) sex and dental caries and PD; and 3) tooth class and dental caries and AMTL. Results from a binomial logit generalized linear model revealed significant relationships between sex and dental caries by tooth (p≤0.05).
  • Laberinto Journal 9 (2016) 2

    Laberinto Journal 9 (2016) 2

    Laberinto Journal 9 (2016) 2 LABERINTO JOURNAL 9 (2016) EDITORS Juan Pablo Gil-Osle Arizona State University Sharonah Frederick Arizona State University EDITOR ASSISTANT Daniel Holcombe Arizona State University EDITORIAL BOARD Frederick de Armas Barbara Simerka Christopher Weimer Bruce R. Burningham Marina Brownlee Enrique García Santo-Tomás Steven Wagschal Julio Vélez-Sainz Lisa Voigt Laberinto Journal 9 (2016) 3 Table of Contents Articles The Chinese Problem in the Early Modern Missionary Project of the Spanish Philippines………………………. 5 Christina H. Lee, Princeton University Diego de Molina en Jamestown, 1611-1616: espía, prisionero, oráculo del fin del imperio………………………... 33 Kimberly Borchard, Randolph-Macon College "Me cago en el gran Colón:” Criticizing Global Projects in 19th-century Santo Domingo………… 55 Heather Allen, University of Mississippi Mariología en defensa del Islam: Cervantes, Zoraida y los libros plúmbeos………………..……………73 Jesus Botello, University of Delaware Enrique Garcés y la continuidad de la literatura política en los Andes, Iberia e Italia…………………………94 Tatiana Alvarado Teodorika, IUT--Université de Bordeaux Montaigne The ‘Mother of Missions:’ The Duchess of Aveiro’s Global Correspondence on China and Japan, 1674-1694…………………….128 Jeanne Gillespie, The University of Southern Mississippi Book Reviews Maria José Domínguez. Julio Vélez Sainz, La defensa de la mujer en la literatura hispánica. Madrid: Cátedra, 2015. 424 pp. ISBN: 978843472…. 135 Laberinto Journal 9 (2016) 4 Veronika Ryjik. Vélez de Guevara, Luis. El cerco de Roma por el rey Desiderio. Eds. William R. Manson y C. George Peale. Hispanic Monographs: Ediciones críticas, 85. Newark, DE: Juan de la Cuesta, 2015. 181 pp. ………………………………..…………………………… 139 Ana Rodríguez Rodríguez. Vélez de Guevara, Luis.
  • Occupation Polygons

    Occupation Polygons

    Polygon Date & Period Archaeological Phase Cultural - Historical Source & Comment Hist or Arch Pop & Sites Group Estimate 1 early 16th century Little Tennessee site 16th century Chiaha mid-16th century, Little Tennessee site cluster cluster and sites 7-19 and sites 7-19, Hally et al. 1990:Fig. 9.1; 16th century, Chiaha, three populations, Smith 1989:Fig. 1; mid-16th century, Little Tennessee cluster plus additional sites, Smith, 2000:Fig. 18 2 early 16th century Hiwassee site cluster mid-16th century, Hiwassee site cluster, Hally et al. 1990:Fig. 9.1; 16th century, Smith 1989:Fig. 1; mid-16th century, Hiwassee cluster, Smith, 2000:Fig. 18 3 early 16th century Chattanooga site cluster 16th century Napochies mid-16th century, Chattanooga site cluster, Hally et al. 1990:Fig. 9.1; 16th century Napochies, Smith 1989:Fig. 1; mid-16th century, Chattanooga site cluster, Smith, 2000:Fig. 18 4 early 16th century Carters site cluster; 16th century Coosa mid-16th century, Carters site cluster, Hally et al. X Barnett phase 1990:Fig. 9.1; Barnett phase, Hally and Rudolph 1986:Fig. 15; 16th century Coosa, Smith 1989:Fig. 1; mid-16th century, Carters site cluster, Smith, 2000:Fig. 18 5 early 16th century Cartersville site cluster; mid-16th century, Cartersville site cluster, Hally et Brewster phase al. 1990:Fig. 9.1; Brewster phase, Hally and Rudolph 1986:Fig. 15; 16th century, Smith 1989:Fig. 1; mid-16th century, Cartersville site cluster, Smith, 2000:Fig. 18 6 early 16th century Rome site cluster; 16th century Apica mid-16th century, Rome site cluster, Hally et al.
  • City/Town: State

    City/Town: State

    NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK NOMINATION NFS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No 1024-0018 CHARLESFORT-SANTA ELENA Page 1 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service_______________ National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 1. NAME OF PROPERTY Historic Name: CHARLESFORT-SANTA ELENA Other Name/Site Number: 38BU51 and 38BU162 2. LOCATION Street & Number: Not for publication: _ City/Town: Vicinity: X State: South Carolina County: Beaufort Code: 013 Zip Code: 29905 3. CLASSIFICATION Ownership of Property Category of Property Private: _ Building(s): _ Public-Local: _ District: _ Public-State: _ Site: _X_ Public-Federal: X Structure: _ Object: _ Number of Resources within Property Contributing Noncontributing buildings 1 sites structures objects Total Number of Contributing Resources Previously Listed in the National Register: 1 Name of Related Multiple Property Listing: N/A NATIONAL HISTlft LANDMARK art JAN 0 3 2001 by the Secretary of the Interior NFS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) 0MB No. 1024-0018 CHARLESFORT-SANTA ELENA Page 2 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service_______________________________National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 4. STATE/FEDERAL AGENCY CERTIFICATION As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this __ nomination __ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property __ meets __ does not meet the National Register Criteria.
  • Conquistadors at Saltville in 1567 Revisited

    Conquistadors at Saltville in 1567 Revisited

    Conquistadors at Saltville in 1567 Revisited Jim Glanville © 2014 Introduction This article continues and extends its author’s study of the interaction between the archeological and documentary evidence for the Spanish period of sixteenth century Virginia history. In 2004, the author published in the Smithfield Review an article titled “Conquistadors at Saltville in 1567? A Review of the Archeological and Documentary Evidence,” 1 which was footnoted in a review of sixteenth century Florida historiogra phy published in 2012 in connection with the 500-year anniversary of Juan Ponce de León’ s exploration of the Florida coast in 1513.2 Today, the story of the Spanish attack in Southwest Virginia is a part of mainstream Virginia history.3 The author subsequently published three follow up articles about the conquistadors. The first of these described a metal blade found in Smyth County, Virginia, that its finder speculated might have a Spanish connection (it did not).4 The second article was a brief progress report.5 The third article discussed the modern background to the story of the conquistadors and how that story developed.6 The present article reviews the routes of the Hernando de Soto7 (1539– 1542) and Juan Pardo (1566–1568) entradas into the American Southeast as revealed by the combination of archeological and documentary evidence. It also describes ongoing archeological studies at the conquistadors’ base camp at present-day Morganton, North Carolina; it cites two recently-found 145-year old newspaper reports (reproduced in the Appendix) of a buried Spanish soldier—who lies just a few miles outside the southern boundary of modern-day Virginia; and, via an examination of documentary evidence for the entradas, it compares with a modern map the region of Virginia shown in the third (1584) edition of the first-ever printed world atlas.
  • Mississippi Period Archaeology of the Georgia Coastal Zone

    Mississippi Period Archaeology of the Georgia Coastal Zone

    UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA Laboratory of Archaeology Series Report No. 23 Georgia Archaeological Research Design Paper, No. 1 - MISSISSIPPI PERIOD ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE GEORGIA COASTAL ZONE II I I I \ I By Morgan R. Crook, Jr. I Department of Sociology and Anthropology West Georgia College \ Department of Anthropology I Georgia State University 1986 Reprinted, 1995 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . 4 THE COASTAL ZONE ENVIRONMENT 5 THE STRUCTURAL MODEL . 11 Ethnohistoric Summary The Annual Model Discussion GEORGIA COASTAL MISSISSIPPI PERIOD: THE ARCHAEOLOGY . 34 Background Irene Mound Site Altarnaha and Savannah Regions Barrier Islands Marsh Islands Princess Ann Fonnation Interior Coastal Zone DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS . 52 The Mississippi Period Adaptation Evaluation of the Structural Model Research Needs Management Recommendations COMMENTS . 58 Jerald T. Milanich Robin L. Smith Charles E. Pearson Stephen Wi l liams REPLY . 71 REFERENCES CITED 75 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1 Major Geological Formations of the Coastal Zone . .. 8 FIGURE 2 The Guale Annual Model ....................... 18 FIGURE 3 Monthly Occurrence of Four Fish Families in Georgia Tidal Streams ...................... 23 FIGURE 4 Archaeological Locations ...................... 35 FIGURE 5 Coastal Mississippi Period C-14 Dates ............... 39 4 INTRODUCTION This document represents an effort to synthesize existing archaeological information concerning the Mississippi Period (A.D. 900-1540) in the Georgia coastal zone. Its purpose is to provide an operating plan for the protection of important cultural resources of this period on the coast. As with the other 35 operating plans being developed for Georgia's cultural resources, this one provides basic information for effective management and protection. This basic information includes synthesis and evaluation of the available archaeological information, identification of data needs, formulation of significance criteria, and development of an ideal plan for preservation and protection (see Crook 1985).
  • Las Crónicas De La Misión Española a Virginia En 1570

    Las Crónicas De La Misión Española a Virginia En 1570

    Charles B. Moore 764 Textos e intertextualidad: Las crónicas sobre la colonia jesuita de Pedro Menéndez de Avilés en Virginia en 1570 Charles B. Moore Gardner-Webb University Introducción Mucho se ha escrito sobre la exploración y colonización del sureste de los Estados Unidos por los conquistadores españoles Ponce de León, Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón, Pánfilo de Narváez, Hernando de Soto, Tristán de Luna y Pedro Menéndez de Avilés entre 1513-1574. Se olvida, sin embargo, que Menéndez de Avilés, fundador de San Agustín (Florida) y Santa Elena (Carolina del Sur) en 1565, también estableció otro asentamiento en el sureste de Virginia en 1570. Mientras se ha comprobado por las crónicas de la época (i.e. La Florida del Inca Garcilaso, los Naufragios de Cabeza de Vaca) que los conquistadores españoles atravesaron los pantanos, montañas y páramo de la Florida, Georgia, Carolina del Sur, Carolina del Norte, Tennessee, Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, y Luisiana, la misión fracasada de los sacerdotes de Menéndez de Avilés en Virginia es un caso especial. No solamente fue la última expedición de la época de Avilés, sino que ocurrió en un lugar marginado del resto del sureste, una región ya muy lejana de los centros del imperio español en Perú y México.1 Por ser la última colonia, la derrota en Virginia marcó el fin de la época de las grandes exploraciones españolas en el sureste de Norteamérica y comenzó una postura defensiva contra el empuje cada vez más agresivo de los ingleses y norteamericanos en el sureste (Gradie 132). El discurso del silencio en la historia europea primitiva de Virginia Como escribe Beatriz Pastor en su libro, Discursos narrativos de la conquista: mitificación y emergencia (1988), algunos conquistadores o eligieron guardar silencio sobre sus propios viajes o murieron inoportunamente antes de que pudieran escribir (184).
  • Uga Lab Series 31.Pdf

    Uga Lab Series 31.Pdf

    University of Georgia Laboratory of Archaeology Series Report No. 31 Georgia Archaeological Research Design Paper No.8 mSTORIC INDIAN PERIOD ARCHAEOWGY OF THE GEORGIA COASTAL ZONE By David Hurst Thomas American Museum of Natural History March, 1993 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. OBJECTIVE ........................................................................................................ I II. STATEMENT OF PERSPECTIVE .................................................................. 2 III. THE COASTAL ZONE ENVIRONMENT .................................................... 7 IV. THE GUALE: ABORIGINAL PEOPLE OF THE GEORGIA COAST ...... 9 Patterns of Guale Subsistence Sociopolitical Organization V. HISTORY OF EUROPEAN-NATIVE AMERICAN CONTACTS ON THE GEORGIA COAST .................................................................. 12 The First European Settlement in the United States Where is San Miguel de Gualdape? Jean Ribaut First Missionaries on the Georgia Coast The Guale Rebellion of 1597 Restoration of the Franciscan Missions Spanish-British Conflicts The Dawn of Georgia's Anglo-American Period Native Americans during Georgia's Colonial Period VI. ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE HISTORIC [NDIAN PER[OD ON THE GEORGIA COAST ................................................................................... 22 The Ceramic Chronologies Mission-period Archaeology of the Georgia Coast VII. KEY RESEARCH DOMAINS ..................................................................... 40 Research Domain I. The Chronology Problem Chronlogy: Some Basic Concepts Research
  • Gpb Textbook Unit 2 Final.Pdf

    Gpb Textbook Unit 2 Final.Pdf

    OUR STATE and OUR NATION UNIT Georgia Studies 2 GEORGIA EVENTS EVENTS ELSEWHERE Before it Was Georgia B.C. 12,000 People first arrive in North America CHAPTER 3 10,000 10,000 Let’s Talk History People arrive in the Paleo-Indian period begins; Southeast animals domesticated in Near Why Study History? East How to Do History The Dating Game 8000 Archaic period begins; agriculture appears in Near East CHAPTER 4 Georgia’s Prehistoric Past 4000 Unearthing Clues to Georgia’s Civilization develops in Near Prehistoric Past East; beginning of recorded history Georgia’s First Inhabitants 2500 CHAPTER 5 Egyptians build Great Pyramid Europe Discovers at Giza the New World The Age of Discovery 2000 Pottery first made in North Spain Comes to the Southeast America (near Augusta) England Comes to North America 1000 Woodland period begins A.D. Birth of Christ 1000 Mississippian period begins; Leif Ericson explores Newfoundland 1492 Columbus lands in West Indies 1498 John Cabot explores North American coast, possibly as far south as Florida 1513 Ponce de Leon becomes first European to land on North American mainland 1526 Ayllon colony briefly settles on Georgia coast 1540 De Soto expedition first to explore Georgia’s interior 1565 Spanish destroy French Fort Caroline, build St. Augustine 1566 Spanish missionaries first arrive in Guale (Georgia) 1597 Juanillo rebellion 1607 Jamestown, Virginia, becomes England’s first permanent settlement in America 1619 West Africans brought to Virginia 1663 King Charles II creates colony of Carolina 1690 Spain withdraws from Guale 1721 Britain builds Fort King George Chapter Outline Chapter 3 Why Study History? Foreword How to Do History Starting with Questions Sources of Information Using Primary Sources Analyzing and Evaluating Information Georgia Standards of Excellence The Dating Game Correlations Using a Timeline B.C.
  • Indians in the Kanawha-New River Valley, 1500-1755 Isaac J

    Indians in the Kanawha-New River Valley, 1500-1755 Isaac J

    Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2015 Maopewa iati bi: Takai Tonqyayun Monyton "To abandon so beautiful a Dwelling": Indians in the Kanawha-New River Valley, 1500-1755 Isaac J. Emrick Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Emrick, Isaac J., "Maopewa iati bi: Takai Tonqyayun Monyton "To abandon so beautiful a Dwelling": Indians in the Kanawha-New River Valley, 1500-1755" (2015). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 5543. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/5543 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by The Research Repository @ WVU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Maopewa iati bi: Takai Toñqyayuñ Monyton “To abandon so beautiful a Dwelling”: Indians in the Kanawha-New River Valley, 1500-1755 Isaac J. Emrick Dissertation submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Tyler Boulware, Ph.D., Chair Kenneth Fones-Wolf, Ph.D. Joseph Hodge, Ph.D. Michele Stephens, Ph.D. Department of History & Amy Hirshman, Ph.D. Department of Sociology and Anthropology Morgantown, West Virginia 2015 Keywords: Native Americans, Indian History, West Virginia History, Colonial North America, Diaspora, Environmental History, Archaeology Copyright 2015 Isaac J. Emrick ABSTRACT Maopewa iati bi: Takai Toñqyayuñ Monyton “To abandon so beautiful a Dwelling”: Indians in the Kanawha-New River Valley, 1500-1755 Isaac J.