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A Million SHILLINGS

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A Million SHILLINGS a million SHILLINGS Nineteen-year-old Salima sits nervously in a dark, cramped room of a smuggler's house in the photographs & text by Alixandra Fazzina slums of Basatine, Yemen. Having fled her home in Mogadishu following the death of her husband and baby son in a editor+designer: Yumi Goto mortar attack, at seven months pregnant Salima translator: Saya Namikawa made the decision to flee to Yemen for her own safety. Caught up in a chain controlled by human text editor: Karen Coates, Akiko Higgins traffickers, she spent 20 days in trucks before reaching Somalia's northern coast from where design production assistant: Kishin Shimomoto she would make the perilous journey across the Gulf of Aden. Packed into a tiny fishing boat with 120 other migrants, Salima went into labour during the two-day crossing. Having passed out, she only remembers waking up to see the smugglers throw her newborn baby overboard into the sea. Finding her way to Aden, the traumatised teenager once again found herself with smuggling gangs who send women to Saudi Arabia. Without any money, this is the only place she can stay in safety. バサティーンのスラム街にある密入国斡旋業者の家。 暗く窮屈な部屋で、不安にかられる19歳のサリマ。 砲撃で夫と赤ん坊だった息子を亡くしたとき妊娠 ７ヶ月だった彼 女は、自分の身を守るためにモガ ディシュの家を出てイエメンへ逃げようと決意した。 アデン湾を渡る船が出港するソマリア北部の海岸 に着くまで、斡旋業者によって鎖で縛られたまま20 日間をトラックの中で過ごした。120人もの亡命者 と共に小さな漁船にぎゅうぎゅうに押し込まれた サリマは、2日間の航海中に陣痛を迎えてしまった。 気絶した彼女が次に目を覚ましたとき、生まれて きた赤ん坊は斡旋業者たちによって海に投げ捨て られるところだった。 アデンへたどり着いたものの、トラウマを抱えた 彼女は再び斡旋業者のもとにいた。彼らは女性を サウジアラビアへ引き渡そうとしていたが、お金が ない彼女にとって、ここが 唯 一 安 全 に生きながらえる ことのできる場 所 だ 。 A group of Somali migrants anxiously look back from the sea for friends and relatives left behind on the beach as they prepare to board a smuggler's boat moored off the coast at Shimbelle. Wading out up to their shoulders, the departing migrants carry only jerry cans of fresh water and a few biscuits and dates wrapped in plastic to sustain them on the three-day voyage. No other possessions are taken for fear of robbery by the notoriously murderous boat crews. Once fully loaded with its human cargo, the tiny fishing boat will carry 120 passengers—men are crammed into the hull and women tied up on planks of wood above them. If they move on the unstable vessel, the migrants risk being beaten, shot or even thrown overboard into the Gulf’s rough waters. Only 11 migrants on this boatload reached Yemen alive. シンベレの海岸から出航しようとする密航 船。残された友人や親戚たちを心配そうに 振り返るソマリア人亡命者たち。 船を目指し肩まで水に漬かって歩く彼らは、 3日間の航海に必要なビニールに包んだ わずかなビスケットとナツメヤシの実、ジャ ム瓶に入れた飲み水しか持っていない。 それ以外は、残忍さで知られる船員たちに 盗られることを恐れ、持ち込まないのだ。 小さな漁船いっぱいに120人の亡命者が 乗せられる。男性は船体に押し込まれ、女性 はその上の厚板に縛り付けられる。不安定 な船の上でちょっとでも動こうものなら、 殴られるか銃で撃たれるか、あるいはアデ ン湾の荒波に放り込まれる。 この船に乗った者のうち、イエメンに生きて たどり着くことができたのは、たった11人 だった。 a million SHILLINGS photographs & text by Alixandra Fazzina for pdfX12 | photo documentary folioX12 vol.26 This long-term project follows the desperate exodus of Somalis fleeing violence in their country, この長期にわたるプロジェクトは、ソマリア人たちの命をかけた故郷からの脱出を追ったものである。 plagued by a ferocious civil war now in its 17th year. ソマリアで今なお続く非常に残忍な紛争は、今年で17年目に入る。アフリカで最長の海岸線を擁し、 In a country with the longest coastline in Africa and hemmed in by conflict, one of the only means 紛争に囲まれたこの国から脱出する唯一の方法、それは海を渡ることだ。 of escape is by sea. 写真家である私は、ソマリアとイエメンの両 岸から彼らの航 海をとらえた。ソマリア南部を発し密入国 Capturing these migrants’ voyage from both sides of the water, the photographer has followed the ルートを経てイエメンに到着しても、彼らの旅は終わらない。新たな人生を探し続ける亡命者たちの established smuggling routes from Southern Somalia to the migrants’ subsequent fate as they 運命を見届けた。 arrive in Yemen and continue their onward journeys in search of better lives. Life in this volatile region is so cheap that people are willing to risk everything for just $50—or 1 政情不安にあるこの地において、命の値段は驚くほど安い。人々はたった50米ドル、もしくは1 0 0 万 million Somali Shillings. Risking rape, robbery, murder or drowning at the hands of the militias ソマリア・シリングのお金と引き換えに、すべてを賭けてしまう。レイプ、強盗、殺人、民兵や密入国斡旋 and human traffickers, the refugees have just a one-in-twenty chance of getting out of Somalia 業者の手による溺死が後を絶たず、ソマリアから無 事に脱出することができるのは、20人に1人である。 alive. そんな危険を冒してでも、死をただ待っているわけにはいかないと、何万人もの人が万に一つの望みを Despite the risks, tens of thousands take their chances rather than stare death in the face at home. かけるのだ。 3 4 a million SHILLINGS photographs & text by Alixandra Fazzina for pdfX12 | photo documentary folioX12 vol.26 Illuminated by torchlight, the body of a man is Nine-year-old Kali Abduhi Omar stares at her reflection Working for a human trafficking syndicate, a CB radio Fast asleep on sheets of cardboard, 28-year-old migrant discovered in shallow water on Al-Bedha beach in in a broken television set in one of the dirty, makeshift operator talks to truck drivers bringing migrants from Abas Hassan Ulusow spends the night on the rooftop of southern Yemen. His face displaying marks from a rooms in one of Djiboutiville’s safe houses. Mogadishu by road to Bosaso. Known as “Radio Kabila” a transit house in Djiboutiville. Having fled from beating, he is one of 34 migrants who either were killed Following a mortar strike on her home in Mogadishu, after Congo’s president, the gang’s Bosaso office is Mogadishu after his family’s house was destroyed in by smugglers or drowned as they made the perilous Kali has just arrived in Djibouti after weeks on the road linked to several others in south-central Somalia. fighting, Abas is attempting to make his way to Yemen journey across the Gulf of Aden from Somalia. with her younger brother and mother, who is sick and This clandestine network of radio operators also via Djibouti, the latest human trafficking route to have Dropping their human cargo up to 2 kilometres from scarred from bullet wounds sustained during the arranges money transfers for the onward journey by sea emerged since the recent escalation in Somalia’s shore for fear of detection, smugglers regularly force attack. The family have found shelter in a halfway house to Yemen. Few migrants carry cash when traveling ongoing war. their disorientated passengers overboard. Having been known as the “Hamwiri Shop,” using the local slang for through lawless Somalia, as the risk of robbery is too Waiting for funds to pay smugglers for his passage tied up on overcrowded boats for days, many are people from Mogadishu. Four other Somali women and great. across the Gulf of Aden, Abas has spent the last week unable to swim or are too weak to reach dry land. their children share the cramped space as they wait to 密入国斡旋組織の下で働く無線ラジオのオペレーター。モガ with 20 other refugees at the Hamwiri Shop, an Having paid $50, or 1 million Somali Shillings, one out of be trafficked by smugglers across the Gulf of Aden to overcrowded, rickety house named after the slang for ディシュからボサソまで、亡命者たちを移送するトラックの every 20 migrants die in an attempt to find sanctuary Yemen. people from Mogadishu. away from their war-torn homes. 運転手たちに話しかけている。コンゴの大統領にちなんで 9歳のカリ・アブドゥヒ・オ マ ー 。ジブチ市にある隠れ家の Anxious to proceed and unable to obtain the high price 名付けられたこの「ラジオ･カビラ」により、ボサソのアジトは needed to pay for the crossing, Abas is now イエメン南部アルベダ海岸の浅瀬で発見された男性の遺体。 薄汚れた一室で、壊れたテレビに映る自分の姿をじっと見つ ソマリア中南 部に点 在する他のアジトとも通じている。 contemplating setting off to follow the dangerous 懐中電灯に照らされた顔には、殴られ続けた痕跡が見ら める。 隠密裏に活動するこのネットワークのオペレーターは、イエ overland route through Eritrea, Sudan and Libya that れる。彼は密入国斡旋業者に殺された34人の亡命者の モガディシュの自宅が迫撃され、負傷した母と弟を連れて メンへの海路から先の旅路のための送金手配も行っている。 eventually could bring him to Europe. うちの一 人か、もしくはソマリアからアデン湾を渡る危 険な 何週間もの路上生活の末にようやくここにたどりついた。 無法地帯のソマリアを抜ける際に強盗のリスクがあまりにも 重ねたダンボールの上で眠るアバス・ハサン・ウルソウ、 航海の途中、海にのみこまれてしまったのだろう。 カリたち家 族は、モガディシュの人々が「ハムウィリ・ショッ 高いため、亡命者たちは現金を持ち歩くことを避 けるからだ 。 28歳。ジブチ市の休憩宿泊所の屋根の上で夜を過ごす。 当局に発見されることを恐れて、斡旋業者は海岸から2km プ」と呼ぶ宿泊所に身を寄せる。この狭い場所で他に4人の 紛争で家が破壊され、モガディシュを脱出した。アバスは も離れたところに船を止め、亡命者たちを海の中に置き去り ソマリア女 性とその子 供たちが、アデン湾を渡りイエメンへ ジブチ経由でイエメンを目指そうとしている。このルートは、 にしていく。何日もの間、混み合った船上で動きをとれぬ 入国するための密航船を待ち続けている。 よう縛られていた彼らの多くには、浜まで泳ぐ力は残されて ソマリアでの紛 争が年々激しさを増すなか開 拓された一 番 いない。 新しい密入国ルートだ。ハムウィリ・ショップで過ごしながら、 アデン湾を渡るために必要な金を工面しようとしている。 ここには 、20人ほどの他の亡命者も先週から身を寄せる。 しかし、旅を続けることを切望しながらも密航に必要な金を 調達することができず、彼は今、エリトリアを通り、スーダン とリビアを抜 けヨー ロッパに到る陸 路を、危険を承知で 選ぶべきか考えている。 These photographs are an excerpt from the book “A Million Shillings—Escape from Somalia,” to be published by Trolley Books, London, in March 2009. ここに紹 介するものは 、写真集『A Million Shillings̶Escape from Somalia（ミリオン・シリングーソマリアからの脱出）』（ロンドンTrolley Books社より2009年3月刊行予定）からの抜粋である。 Contact Alixandra Fazzina- Photojournalist Pakistan Mobile: +92 343 5947225 Afghanistan Mobile: +93 794 762391 Email: [email protected] Web: www.alixandrafazzina.com book publisher: www.trolleybooks.com 5 6 Having arrived in Yemen on smugglers’ boats from Somalia, newly arrived From the minority Bantu clan, Bardeen Abdullah Omar and her husband, Ali Abdi Saed, escaped Somalia after continued persecution and violent threats against their family. After fleeing the country on smugglers’ migrants hold hands as they make their way from the bus park in Basatine boats, they have since made their home in disused army barracks at Kharaz refugee camp, formerly a military base. Now with an 11-month-old son, the couple can see no other future for themselves but to eek through the slum's main street in search of somewhere to sleep. out an existence in the harsh deserts of southern Yemen. Living among fellow clanspeople they at least feel safe. ソマリアから密航船に乗りイエメンに着いた亡命者たち。手をつないだ彼らは、バサ 少数民族バンツ族の子孫、バーディーン・アブドゥラ・オマーと彼女の夫アリ・アブディ･サイードは、一族に対する絶えることのない迫害や暴力行為から逃げ出すため、ソマリアから脱出した。密航船で故郷を離れてから、 ティーンのバスの停車場からスラム街のメインストリートを抜けて、眠るところを もともとは軍用施設であったカラズ難民キャンプ内の使われていない兵舎に身を寄せている。11ヶ月になる息子とこの夫婦は、これからイエメン南部のこの過酷な砂漠でどうにかして生活していくしかない。それでも 探している。 危険に怯えることなく、一族の仲間と共に暮らせるのだ。 a million SHILLINGS photographs & text by
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