DOCSLIB.ORG

El Corregidor En Castillo Durante La Baja Edad Media

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
El Corregidor En Castillo Durante La Baja Edad Media El Corregidor en Castillo durante lo Baja Edad Media POR AGUSTÍN BERMUDEZ AZNAR INTRODUCCIÓN 'EL TEMA Y SUS HISTORIADORES" Pese al importante papel que le correspondió desempeñar al corregi• dor a lo largo de quinientos años de historia de España, su haber biblio• gráfico está muy por debajo de lo que cabe esperar en una institución ín• timamente ligada al diario acontecer de la vida locaL Si ciertas cuestio• nes como las que en la presente monografía se van a tratar han permane• cido inéditas hasta hoy, es preciso puntualizar que, para otros períodos cronológicos, y en una exposición evolutiva general, se encuentran algu• nas obras donde queda patente el interés despertado hacia el estudio de este funcionario. En realidad, desde los primeros momentos en que el corregidor hace acto de presencia en los municipios castellanos —antes, pues, de la ins- titucionalización del cargo por los Reyes Católicos—algún jurista realiza la tarea de resumir la legislación emanada de las Cortes sobre corregido- 6 Agustín Bermúdez Aznar res y acompañarla de comentarios inspirados en el Derecho Romano (1). Sin embargo, cabe constatar que tan breves y legalistas referencias son muy escasas en el siglo XV (2). Es en la centuria siguiente cuando, a raíz de la publicación de los Capítulos de Corregidores en el año 1500, el término aparece con más frecuencia en los repertorios (3) y fue materia apropiada para comenta• ristas como Francisco de Aviles en su "Nova diligens ac peí- utilis expositio capitum seu legum ac judicum syndicatiis regni totius Hispaniae" (4) o Pedro Núñez de Avedaño en "De exequendis mandatis regnum hispania quae rectorihus civitatum dantur" (5), obras limitadas casi exclusivamen• te a glosar y hacer una síntesis legislativa del cargo y que dan paso a finales del quinientos a la más exhaustiva y doctrinal de Jerónimo Casti• llo de Bovadilla: "Política para corregidores y señores de vasallos en tiempos de paz y de guerra" (6). Este monumental tratado lleno de retó• rica, de innumerables citas de textos jurídicos clásicos, religiosos, de glo• sadores y comentaristas, se encuentra presidido por un tono de didactis- mo e ilustración en no pocas ocasiones exento de intención moralizante. Dividido el conjunto en cinco libros, se recogen en ellos los aspectos más diversos a tener en cuenta por el titular del oficio: en el libro I se trata fundamentalmente del origen, elección, linaje, dotes científicas, cualida• des personales y subordinados del corregidor; en el segundo, y junto a la reseña de las virtudes que deberán ser tenidas en cuenta por el funcio• nario, se abordan temas de jurisdicción, comisiones y pesquisas; el libro tercero está dedicado al examen de las materias que le competen en el orden de los abastecimientos, obras públicas, gobierno municipal, etc.; el cuarto adoctrina al corregidor en tiempo de guerra, y en el hbro quin• to se examinan problemas de residencia y cuestiones económicas, con• cluyendo con una lista de corregimientos. Obra, en suma, minuciosa- (1) A. DÍAZ DE MONTALVo: "Secundü copilatio legum et ordinationum regni caste- lle que a regibus hyspanie in generalibus curtís condite et promúlgate fuerimt us- que ad serenissim.um et invictissimum Regem Fernandum. et serenissimam, Reginam Delisabet doviinam nostram eius coniugem laboriose et utiliter copilate et abrevia- te per egregium doctorem..." C. 1485. Incunable 192 de la B. N.—Apéndice Docu• mental n." 34. (2) La institución no es recogida, por ejemplo, en B. GARCÍA : "La Peregrina" Hispali, 1498. (3) H. DE CELSO: "Repertorio universal de todas las leyes de estos reinos de Castilla, abreviadas y reducidas en forma de repertorio decisivo por el doctor...". Medina del Campo, 1553. Término: Corregidor. —j. SOLER: "Repertorio de todas las leyes de Castilla". Toledo, 1529. Tér• mino: Corregidor. (4) Medina del Campo, 1557. (5) Salamanca, 1564. (6) Madrid, 1597. El Corregidor en Castilla 7 mente elaborada que supone una aportación básica para el estudio de la institución. Tras la obra de Castillo de Bovadilla, la intencionalidad didáctica y moralizante sigue predominando en las producciones de los siglos XVIT y XVIII, aunque desciende la calidad. En el primero surgen dos tratados de cuya titulación ya se desprende el tono de su contenido, son: "El co• rregidor, o advertencias políticas" de Juan de Argumedo y Villavicencio (7) y "El corregidor sagaz, avisos y documentos morales para los que lo fueren" de Bartolomé de Góngora (8). La primera, que se "escribió en tiempo muy turbado para un corregidor que entró muy de paz", utiliza también una copiosa retórica para aconsejar al funcionario sobre sabidu• ría política o de regimiento; la segunda se sirve de estos mismos instru• mentos y finalidades para ilustrar al corregidor americano. Ambos escri• tos encuentran continuación estilística durante el siglo siguiente en Lo• renzo de Santayana Bustillo: "Gobierno político de los pueblos de Espa• ña y el corregidor, alcalde y juez en ellos" (9), libro dividido en dos par• tes, según su título indica, y cuyos distintos apartados sobre origen, juris• dicción, capítulos que deben observarse, residencia, etc., presentan po• cas innovaciones respecto a las anteriores. Posiblemente la principal uti• lidad de estas obras resida en la! puesta al día de la legislación, cualidad ésta, que también se encuentra en: "El corregidor perfecto y juez exacta• mente! dotado de las calidades necesarias y convenientes para el buen go• bierno económico y político de los pueblos y la más recta administración de la justicia en ellos", original de Lorenzo Guardiola y Sáez (10). Como puente de unión entre estos estudios y los ya plenamente cien• tíficos del siglo XX, el ochocientos suministrará, ante todo, visiones ge• nerales de la institución tanto en los correspondientes apartados alfabéti• cos de las enciclopedias jurídicas, que desde finales del setecientos se suceden ininterrumpidamente: Cornejo, Pérez y López, Febrero, Escri- che, Arrazola, Alcubilla, (11) como en obras doctrinales de conjunto: "De (7) Jerez de la Frontera, 1619. (8) De esta obra de 1656 existe edición por la Sociedad de Bibliófilos Espa• ñoles. Madrid, 1960. (9) Zaragoza, 1742. (10) Madrid, 1785. Las publicaciones de este tipo se prolongan hasta el siglo XIX, según testimonia la "Colección de TnáxiTuas, prcceptoá y consejos para los se• ñores intendentes, corregidores y alcaldes" de VALENTÍN DE FORONDA. Madrid, 1801. (11) A. CORNEJO: "Diccionario histórico y forense del Derecho Real de España" Madrid, 1779, pág. 195. —A. X. PÉREZ y LÓPEZ: "Teatro de. la legislación universal de España e In• dias por orden cronológico de sus cuerpos, y decisiones no recopiladas". Vol. IX, Madrid, 1794. Pág. 218 y ss. —j. FEBRERO: "Librería de escribanos, abogados y jueces que compuso don." Vol. IV, Madrid, 1818. 5.» ed. Pág, 112 y ss. 8 Agustín Bermúdez Aznar; la constitución y del golnerno de los reinos de León y Castilla" de Ma• nuel Colmeiro (12) o "El poder civil en España", de Danvila y Collado (13), artículos y obras donde el didactismo ha sido desplazado y en don• de se encuentran —tal es el caso de Colmeiro—- apreciaciones criticas de, gran interés. Con el carácter de recopilación legislativa, publicado poco antes de extinguirse definitivamente los corregidores, cabe señalar el voluminoso trabajo de Ortiz de Zúñiga y Cayetano de Herrera: "Deberes y atrihu- ciones de los coiregidores, justicias y ayuntamientos de España" (14) que asume la tarea de poner al día la legislación sobre gobierno político, go• bierno económico, cuestiones fiscales y materias referentes a administra• ción de justicia en lo tocante a la actuación de estos funcionarios y en• tidades. En el presente siglo el enfoque metodológico vuelve a variar, pasán• dose de las consideraciones generales y compendios legislativos a estudios monográficos que examinan la institución o bien en sus titulares o bien en sí misma pero circunscribiéndose a vmos concretos límites espaciales y temporales. Así aparecen: "Corregidores y alcaldes de Madrid, MCCXIX-MCMVr, de J. Faraldo-A. Ullrich (15), "Los corregidores de Méjico", de M. Moreno de Terreros y Vinent (16), "Relación de los coire- gimientos del reino y del tiempo en que fue provisto cada uno y del sa• lario y ayuda de costa que tiene", artículo de Antonio Blázquez (17), "Los corregidores de Málaga" de J. Moreno Guerra (18), "Los corregidores y subdelegados de Cuyo {1561-1810)"de Mora'es Guiñazu (19), "The co• rregidor in Castilla in the sixteenth century and the residencia as applied- to the corregidor", artículo de Robert A. Chamberlain (20), "El corregi• dor de Lima" de Guillermo Lhomann (21), "El corregidor de indios en el —j. ESCRICHE: "Diccionario razonado de legislación y jurisprudencia -por don.r Vol.: I. Madrid, 1847. 3.» ed. Pág. 604. —L. ARRAZOLA: "Enciclopedia española de Derecho y Administración o nue vo teatro universal de la legislación de España y de las Indias, por..." Vol. XIII. Madrid, 1872. Pág. 352 y ss. —M. MARTÍNEZ ALCUBILLA: "Diccionario de la administración Española Pe• ninsular y Utramarina". Vol. III, Madrid, 1868. 2.* edic. Pág. 873. (12) Vol. II, Madrid, 1855. (13) Madrid, 1885. (14) Madrid, 1832-33; 5 vols. (15) Madrid, 1906. (16) Madrid, 1917. (17) En el B. R. A. H. 74 (1919). Págs. 252-260. (18) Málaga, 1932. (19) Buenos Aires. 1936. (20) En H. A. H. R. 23 (1943). Págs. 222-257. (21) En el A. E. A. 9 (1952). Págs. 131-171. Puede verse una recensión crítica de este artículo en el I. H. E. 1 (1953- 1954). Pág. 331, n.o 3029. El Corregidor en Castilla 9 Perú bajo los Austrías", del mismo Lhomann (22), "Los caballeros corre• gidores del Señorío de Vizcaya. Siglos XVII y XVIII" de J. Ortega Galin- do (23), "Alonso Díaz de Montalvo, corregidor de Murcia {1444rl44S)" de J. Torres Fontes (24) y "La extensión del régimen de corregidores en, el reinado de Enrique III de Castilla" de E.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • BINONDO FOOD TRIP (4 Hours)
    BINONDO FOOD TRIP (4 hours) Eat your way around Binondo, the Philippines’ Chinatown. Located across the Pasig River from the walled city of Intramuros, Binondo was formally established in 1594, and is believed to be the oldest Chinatown in the world. It is the center of commerce and trade for all types of businesses run by Filipino-Chinese merchants, and given the historic reach of Chinese trading in the Pacific, it has been a hub of Chinese commerce in the Philippines since before the first Spanish colonizers arrived in the Philippines in 1521. Before World War II, Binondo was the center of the banking and financial community in the Philippines, housing insurance companies, commercial banks and other financial institutions from Britain and the United States. These banks were located mostly along Escólta, which used to be called the "Wall Street of the Philippines". Binondo remains a center of commerce and trade for all types of businesses run by Filipino- Chinese merchants and is famous for its diverse offerings of Chinese cuisine. Enjoy walking around the streets of Binondo, taking in Tsinoy (Chinese-Filipino) history through various Chinese specialties from its small and cozy restaurants. Have a taste of fried Chinese Lumpia, Kuchay Empanada and Misua Guisado at Quick Snack located along Carvajal Street; Kiampong Rice and Peanut Balls at Café Mezzanine; Kuchay Dumplings at Dong Bei Dumplings and the growing famous Beef Kan Pan of Lan Zhou La Mien. References: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binondo,_Manila TIME ITINERARY 0800H Pick-up
    [Show full text]
  • PVAO-Bulletin-VOL.11-ISSUE-2.Pdf
    ABOUT THE COVER Over the years, the war becomes “ a reminder and testament that the Filipino spirit has always withstood the test of time.” The Official News Magazine of the - Sen. Panfilo “Ping” Lacson Philippine Veterans Affairs Office Special Guest and Speaker during the Review in Honor of the Veterans on 05 April 2018 Advisory Board IMAGINE A WORLD, wherein the Allied Forces in Europe and the Pacific LtGen. Ernesto G. Carolina, AFP (Ret) Administrator did not win the war. The very course of history itself, along with the essence of freedom and liberty would be devoid of the life that we so enjoy today. MGen. Raul Z. Caballes, AFP (Ret) Deputy Administrator Now, imagine at the blossoming age of your youth, you are called to arms to fight and defend your land from the threat of tyranny and oppression. Would you do it? Considering you have a whole life ahead of you, only to Contributors have it ended through the other end of a gun barrel. Are you willing to freely Atty. Rolando D. Villaflor give your life for the life of others? This was the reality of World War II. No Dr. Pilar D. Ibarra man deserves to go to war, but our forefathers did, and they did it without a MGen. Alfredo S. Cayton, Jr., AFP (Ret) moment’s notice, vouchsafing a peaceful and better world to live in for their children and their children’s children. BGen. Restituto L. Aguilar, AFP (Ret) Col. Agerico G. Amagna III, PAF (Ret) WWII Veteran Manuel R. Pamaran The cover for this Bulletin was inspired by Shena Rain Libranda’s painting, Liza T.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pacific War Memorial and Second World War Remembrance
    Journal of American Studies, (), , – © Cambridge University Press . This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/./), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. doi:./S First published online June A “Monument to the American and Filipino Alliance for Freedom”: The Pacific War Memorial and Second World War Remembrance KIMBERLEY LUSTINA WEIR The Pacific War Memorial on Corregidor Island in the Philippines was erected by the United States government to commemorate Filipino and American soldiers who had lost their lives during the Second World War. Inaugurated in , it was the first American memorial on Philippine soil since the United States had recognized the Philippines as an independent country in , following almost fifty years of colonial rule. This article interprets the monu- ment and the wider Corregidor memoryscape. It examines how the United States, the Philippines and the Second World War are depicted both within and around the memorial and what this suggests about the creation and persistence of colonial memory. The article explores the tensions between colonial and decolonized remembrance, and the extent to which the Pacific War Memorial serves as a historical marker for the United States’ achieve- ments in the Philippines. When Philippine President Ferdinand E. Marcos dedicated the PacificWar Memorial (Figure )on June , he described it as a “monument to the American and Filipino alliance for freedom.” The structure, which stands on Corregidor Island in Manila Bay, was particularly significant for an American overseas memorial, as it was built to commemorate the Philippine as well as the American forces that had lost their lives in the Pacific theatre during the Second World War.
    [Show full text]
  • Manila (Intramuros, Makati, Rizal Park, Greenhills)  Tagaytay  Corregidor  Gawad Kalinga Enchanted Farm in Bulacan
    Tour Highlights: Manila (Intramuros, Makati, Rizal Park, Greenhills) Tagaytay Corregidor Gawad Kalinga Enchanted Farm in Bulacan DAY 1 - Arrival in Manila. Meet and assist at the airport. Transfer to hotel. Check-in Free time. Overnight. Day 2 - MANILA CITY TOUR After breakfast, proceed for a tour of Manila. Revisit Philippine history with a glimpse of Manila’s past and present. This fully guided sightseeing tour of Manila starts right in the heart of the country’s financial center, the City of Makati. Stops include Nielson’s Tower along Ayala Boulevard, Forbes Park (an exclusive residential enclave fittingly dubbed as “Millionaire’s Row”) and the American Cemetery and Memorial. Continue to the old City of Manila via the scenic Roxas Boulevard passing through Luneta (also called Rizal Park). Lunch outside hotel (on pax account). After lunch, continue with tour of the "walled city" of Intramuros. Inside the city fortress are ancient walls, church ruins and other relics of the Spanish Conquistadors era. Then travel through the cobblestone streets to San Agustin Church, the oldest stone church in the country. End at Fort Santiago, a Spanish fortress where Dr. Jose Rizal, the country’s national hero, spent his last days in incarceration and wrote his famous "My Last Farewell.") “Kultura Filipina “ Dinner at Barbara’s Heritage Restaurant Highlighting Filipino culture through dance, music and cuisine” – Kultura Filipina is a daily show of Filipino folk dancers at Barbara’s during the Dinner Buffet. Back to hotel. Overnight. Day 3 - PANORAMIC TAGAYTAY RIDGE TOUR About an hour and a half drive south of Metro Manila lies the picturesque city of Tagaytay.
    [Show full text]
  • Manila American Cemetery and Memorial
    Manila American Cemetery and Memorial American Battle Monuments Commission - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - LOCATION The Manila American Cemetery is located about six miles southeast of the center of the city of Manila, Republic of the Philippines, within the limits of the former U.S. Army reservation of Fort William McKinley, now Fort Bonifacio. It can be reached most easily from the city by taxicab or other automobile via Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (Highway 54) and McKinley Road. The Nichols Field Road connects the Manila International Airport with the cemetery. HOURS The cemetery is open daily to the public from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm except December 25 and January 1. It is open on host country holidays. When the cemetery is open to the public, a staff member is on duty in the Visitors' Building to answer questions and escort relatives to grave and memorial sites. HISTORY Several months before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, a strategic policy was adopted with respect to the United States priority of effort, should it be forced into war against the Axis powers (Germany and Italy) and simultaneously find itself at war with Japan. The policy was that the stronger European enemy would be defeated first. - 4 - With the surprise Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 and the bombing attacks on 8 December on Wake Island, Guam, Hong Kong, Singapore and the Philippine Islands, the United States found itself thrust into a global war. (History records the other attacks as occurring on 8 December because of the International Date Line.
    [Show full text]
  • White House Photographs December 7, 1975
    Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library White House Photographs December 7, 1975 This database was created by Library staff and indexes all photographs taken by the Ford White House photographersrelated to this subject. Use the search capabilities in your PDF reader to locate key words within this index. Please note that clicking on the link in the “Roll #” field will display a 200 dpi JPEG image of the contact sheet (1:1 images of the 35 mm negatives). Gerald Ford is always abbreviated “GRF” in the "Names" field. If the "Geographic" field is blank, the photo was taken within the White House complex. The date on the contact sheet image is the date the roll of film was processed, not the date the photographs were taken. All photographs taken by the White House photographers are in the public domain and reproductions (600 dpi scans or photographic prints) of individual images may be purchased and used without copyright restriction. Please include the roll and frame numbers when contacting the Library staff about a specific photo (e.g., A1422-10). To view photo listings for other dates, to learn more about this project or other Library holdings, or to contact an archivist, please visit the White House Photographic Collection page View President Ford's Daily Diary (activities log) for this day Roll # Frames Tone Subject - Proper Subject - Generic Names Geographic Location Photographer A7521 3-6 BW President's Far Eastern Trip - Trip to the standing, leaning over desk; GRF Manila, Philippines Malacanang Kennerly Philippines; Presidential Quarters;
    [Show full text]
  • American Defenders of Bataan and Corregidor Memorial Society
    STATEMENT FOR THE RECORD to the Senate Veterans' Affairs Committee and House Veterans' Affairs Committee Joint Hearing To Receive Legislative Presentations of Veterans Service Organizations By Jan Thompson President American Defenders of Bataan and Corregidor Memorial Society 3 March 2020 AMERICAN PRISONERS OF WAR OF JAPAN 75th Anniversary of Liberation Chairmen Moran and Takano, Ranking Members Tester and Roe, and Members of the Senate and House Veterans Affairs Committees, thank you for allowing us to describe how Congress can meet the concerns of veterans of World War II’s Pacific Theater. The American Defenders of Bataan and Corregidor Memorial Society (ADBC-MS) represents surviving POWs of Japan, their families, and descendants, as well as scholars, researchers, and archivists. Our goal is to preserve the history of the American POW experience in the Pacific and to teach future generations of the POWs’ sacrifice, courage, determination, and faith—the essence of the American spirit. Today, 75 years ago, the Battle of Manila ended. The Japanese did not let liberation come without a cost. The “Pearl of the Orient” was in ruins, hundreds had been raped, and over 100,000 civilians killed. Historians have described the aftermath as less a battlefield than a crime scene. On the eve of and during the battle, U.S. troops swept into POW and civilian internment camps throughout the Philippine islands liberating thousands of Americans who were reportedly hours away from execution. This year, 2020, is the 75th anniversary of the final battles of World War II. Whereas Nazi Germany surrendered on May 7, 1945, Imperial Japan fought on until August 15, 1945.
    [Show full text]
  • Proposed Bikeway Network, City of Oakland Bicycle Master Plan
    Hwy 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 To Huckleberry Walnut Botanic Creek Regional Preserve 24 e Anthony g d Anthony Rd i u Chabot r h rs k Chabot e t Regional r in a Regional P P Park Park Knoll Ridge Skyline Blvd re Slope S a Sky C ek ine k Graeagle it l wood ddle Broo Crest kyl an in d Sa k e S y z e t l n e R n Skywa i e i y n a City M lin rkhurst po line e is Proposed Bikeway Network, City of OaklandM y Bicycle Master Plan (2007) a y sion H k d e k od Pine o P ir Stables S C il S o wo a i ls housa aks uth Park Dr tw ed l r M T nd O o s Hills R e C d S Robert a g i o ley Skyline Blvd E Ct e u Val id r ntain Sibley r m e r ll P k in r a e Grass Valley Volcanic e H Redwood Anthony O a B Iro ld T Skyl n ills K nw u i o Fox Hill n P e nn Regional e y te Regional C o gl w Chabot ak e n i n a o n oo Pe l h e th d E zly R Preserve a Park L y Surrey d Regional Tilden z d e Gri W e y Closed ta C r re S ani g E x ur u Regional z r x Skyline e S h n Park Starkville d Sky n f Seasonally n li e o r V ley A A e C c al A Dr a v te k m r Park e r so E a i r a o o a d Avonoak bl v M t E p an ly e o n h k k H n o l s a a l i l b L o S a cey i i e r B p B G e n ta a F V s y D e o ield e S e n l v q t bb r o h r e n n u P u la a S a Vil S ha w r h y o r n e East e o n a y Cot k b n r ter a in h L o l u a t e Obser- e Cir o m l P D v S North- y d o ly e n r i k ea P a z ch n E to S h G M hae Heafey iz n li vation ton Riviera e r a Caldecott lv r wood w Dr Shirley M R y e o rt e G rr u G o w t h Tunnel k A o n y s k Ct tt n a i S c u T e F a O S e l a w
    [Show full text]
  • Mcp 2019 Visitor Info
    Venue & Visitor Information MUSCLECONTEST PHILIPPINES 2019 PHILIPPINES Metro Manila Manila is the capital of the Philippines and the nation's center of education, business, and transportation. Metro Manila is the most populous metropolitan region composing the city of Manila and surrounding cities like Makati, Mandaluyong, Muntinlupa, Parañaque, Pasay, Pasig, Quezon City and Taguig. The event venue, The Tent at Acacia Estates, is in Taguig right after the airports. Hence, exploring any of the more than 7,000 islands of the Philippines via domestic air travel will be convenient. If you have a few nights to spare you may go to Palawan (El Nido, Coron, San Vicente, Port Barton are some of the most visited), Boracay, Bohol, Siargao (for surfing), etc. For day trips, you can go consider Corregidor Island, Anilao Batangas (for diving and snorkeling) Tagaytay to see Taal Volcano, Hidden Valley Springs in Laguna or Mount Pinatubo in Pampanga. Getting In The most reasonable and practical way to reach Manila is by air. Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA), is the Philippines’ primary international airport with 4 terminals — Terminals 1, 2, 3, 4. Always check the Terminal of your airline as some airlines use more than one terminal. In any case, know that a free shuttle bus runs every 15 minutes to connect all 4 terminals 24 hours daily. Terminal 1 is used for most international flights such as Japan Airlines, Jetstar, China Southern, Asiana, EVA Air, Thai Airways, Korean Air, Saudia, Scoot, Alitalia, Kuwait Airways, Air China, Gulf Air, Hong Kong Airlines, Oman Air, Vietnam Airlines, etc. Terminal 2 is used by Philippine Airlines, ANA, Etihad, Turkish Airways, Air Macau, Bangkok Airways, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Victory in the Pacific
    y War in the Pacific Series th Year of Victor All-New Exclusive Tour Victory in the Pacific M A Y 19 4 World War II in the Philippines 5 Bataan • Corregidor • Manila March 15 – 22, 2020 Featuring world-renowned expert on the war in the Pacific James M. Scott, author of Rampage: MacArthur, Yamashita and The Battle of Manila Save $1,000 per couple when booked by September 6, 2019 Dear Friend of the Museum, Manila, often called the “Pearl of the Orient,” was the star of steamship ads and tourism brochures in the early 1900s. Populated with elegant neoclassical buildings and spacious parks, this spoil of the Spanish-American War developed over the years into a small slice of the United States in Asia, home not only to thousands of service members but also business executives and their families, all of whom enjoyed the relaxed pace of the tropics. The outbreak of another world war, however, brought an end to the good life. Hoping to spare the capital, General Douglas MacArthur, who lived atop the . luxurious Manila Hotel, declared it an open city and evacuated his forces to the Bataan Peninsula and the fortified island of Corregidor. American and Filipino defenders battled the Japanese for months before Bataan fell in April 1942, followed a month later by Corregidor. What ensued, for the more than 70,000 captured troops, was one of the greatest tragedies of World War II—the notorious “Bataan Death March,” followed by years in Japan’s wretched prisoner of war camps. In Manila, American and Allied civilians would likewise battle terror and starvation, locked up for more than three years behind the iron gates of the University of Santo Tomas, one of the largest internment camps in Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • Japanese Internment Camps in the Philippines, 1941-1945 the Philippine Islands
    Exhibit eh n ar e re Introduction B i d b b d wi Japanese Internment Camps in the Philippines, 1941-1945 The Philippine Islands Prewar Philippines May 1898–July 1941 More than 60 years ago, over 5,000 civilian men, women and children were Captured imprisoned in internment camps following Japan’s occupation of the Philippines during July 1941–January 1942 World War II. A three-year struggle for survival ensued as these internees endured Life in Captivity January 1942–February 1945 crowded living conditions, disease, limited medical supplies, heavy labor, tension, Liberation uncertainty, and near starvation. February 1945–April 1945 Educational Activity True or False Word Search Behind barbed wire Exhibit Japanese Internment Camps in the Philippines, 1941-1945 Introduction The Philippine Islands The Philippine Islands The Philippines is an archipelago made up of over 7,000 islands and islets. Located off the Southeastern coast of the Asian mainland, the Philippine islands have long been an active trading center and cultural Prewar Philippines crossroads for East and West. By the 1930s the capital city, Manila was known as the Pearl of the May 1898–July 1941 Orient. Captured July 1941–January 1942 Life in Captivity January 1942–February 1945 Liberation February 1945–April 1945 Educational Activity True or False Word Search Behind barbed wire Japanese Internment Camps in the Philippines, 1941-1945 Exhibit Prewar Philippines –May 1898 - July 1941 Introduction The United States’ victory over Spain during the Spanish-American War gave the United States (U.S.) The Philippine Islands sovereignty over the Philippine Islands. Over the next few decades businessmen, teachers, missionaries, miners and professionals flocked to the Philippines making it their new home.
    [Show full text]
  • Macarthur, Quezon, and Executive Order Number One: Another View Author(S): Paul P
    MacArthur, Quezon, and Executive Order Number One: Another View Author(s): Paul P. Rogers Source: Pacific Historical Review, Vol. 52, No. 1 (Feb., 1983), pp. 93-100 Published by: University of California Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3639456 . Accessed: 18/02/2014 15:53 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. University of California Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Pacific Historical Review. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.173.125.76 on Tue, 18 Feb 2014 15:53:08 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions An Exchangeof Opinion MacArthur,Quezon, and ExecutiveOrder Number One-Another View Paul P. Rogers Theauthor is a professoroffinance at VirginiaPolytechnic In- stituteand State Universityand formerstenographer to DouglasMacArthur THE ARTICLE OF Carol Petillowhich appeared in the February,1979, issue of thisjournal and thesubsequent flurry of publicityproduced a pre- dictableprotest from the wide circleof Douglas MacArthurdevotees and an equally predictabletwitter of delightfrom those who believeda flawhad been foundin theMacArthur image.' I was assignedas stenographerto MacArthurand hischief of staff, Richard KerensSutherland, on October20, 1941. I was takento Corregidorand was evacuatedto Australia.I servedas secretaryand officemanager until Septem- ber 1945.
    [Show full text]