Rebuilding Trust Annual Report 2014

ON THE COVER: IN BURUNDI, DANCERS PREPARE FOR A PERFORMANCE AT A FOOTBALL TOURNAMENT THAT HAS BROUGHT TOGETHER YOUTH AFFILIATED WITH DIFFERENT POLITICAL PARTIES IN BUBANZA PROVINCE. HUNDREDS OF BURUNDI YOUTH HAVE BEEN TRAINED IN THE PEACEFUL RESOLUTION OF CONFLICT THROUGH THE JOINT INTERPEACE–CENAP PROGRAMME THERE.

INSIDE FRONT COVER FROM TOP: © CHRISTELLE FOR INTERPEACE © CHARLESCANNON FOR INTERPEACE © APD COVER PHOTO: © CLAUDIA MEIER FOR INTERPEACE

3 CONTENTS

04 05 06 Message from Message Tribute the Chair from the Director-General

09 12 14 Track 6 Where We 2014 Approach Build Peace Highlights

48 55 62 2014 Financial Our Structures Partnerships Report and People

4 04 Message from the Chair

05 Message from the Director-General

06 A Tribute to Fafali Koudawo

07 About Interpeace 07 09 Track 6 Approach About 12 Where We Build Peace Interpeace 14 2014 Highlights

45 Our Support and Funding

46 Our Funding

47 Our Donors

48 2014 Financial Report

55 Our Structures and People

56 Our Governing Council

47 58 Our Advisory Council Our Donors 59 Our Strategic Management Team

60 Interpeace Representation Offices

62 Partnerships

64 Contact Us

5 MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIR

Many of today’s crises and conflicts In addition, we welcomed Alan Doss span borders but can be traced to local to Interpeace’s Governing Council in grievances and situations in which 2014. Alan is the Executive Director at people feel excluded from their society’s the Kofi Annan Foundation and brings political or economic life. Indeed, a lack to Interpeace his deep experience in of inclusion often grows to affect the peacekeeping, post-conflict recovery society as a whole, making a country and development cooperation. In 2015, vulnerable not only to internal strife but Interpeace will be developing its next to external groups adept at exploiting five-year strategic plan. In this context, I people’s disgruntledness or the sense of am pleased to report that the review on exclusion they feel. Interpeace’s Director-General this year was very positive, and I look forward to This is not a new dynamic, but it is

© JUOZAS CERNIUS Scott’s continued leadership. one that we probably don’t think about enough. In order to stop this cycle, we On behalf of my colleagues on the must get more serious about fostering Governing Council, I extend my JOHN A. KUFUOR more inclusive societies in which appreciation to Interpeace’s partners Chair of the Governing Council everyone belongs and has a stake in the and to the leaders and ordinary citizens future. who find ways, often in the face of great difficulty and risk, to reach across The international community often divides towards peace. focuses on efforts to build state capacity, especially in countries emerging from conflict. This is important if governments are to provide their people with basic services and build strong institutions. But we also need to focus in on the relationship between political leaders and the people they are meant to serve. How responsive is the state to its citizens? Are citizens active and engaged in the process of governance? As we look for ways to help foster the process of building trust, I am encouraged by the work of Interpeace’s programmes, profiled here in these pages. In Mali, far-reaching consultations with thousands of people have involved not only citizens but government authorities in setting priorities for peace. In Central America, youth groups have been working alongside municipal authorities to implement policies to reduce violence.

6 MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL

WHY AREN’T strengths allows people to tackle divisive THINGS WORSE? issues more effectively. In 2014, international news headlines A recent example took place when I met were dominated by ongoing conflicts with community leaders from Mandera and new eruptions of violence in many County in northeastern Kenya, a region parts of the globe. This continuous flow bordering Somalia and Ethiopia that has of bad news – and the human suffering been plagued by local and transnational it conveys – has created a sense of conflicts for years. When I joined despair and uncertainty about the state them, they had spent two tension-filled of our world. days discussing the grievances that fuel their violent conflicts. They were Such a sense of doom, however, runs the subsequently asked to describe what © SHIHO FUKADA risk of blinding us to the strengths that binds them. Much to their own surprise, reside in all conflict-affected societies. an enthusiastic and energetic discussion Let us remember that not more than ensued, leading the group to identify SCOTT M. WEBER two generations ago, much of today’s a long list of cultural values, traditions developed world was host to the worst Director-General and other elements that they have in violence the world has ever seen. And common. The dynamic had changed. yet, those countries emerged from the They resolved from that moment abyss. They wrote a different future for forward to protect and build on their themselves, building not on what had commonalities as they seek to overcome divided them but on what bound them their divisions. Fortunately, such stories in their common humanity. of transformation are common, and These strengths exist even as countries should inspire us to see possibilities face formidable challenges. Yet when when others see only challenges. we analyze the causes of conflicts From its inception, Interpeace’s work and design solutions, we all too often has been based on the belief that every focus on the obstacles to peace and the society has what it needs to build peace. divisions in society, rather than on that As the following pages detail, our nation’s resources for peace. In doing efforts focus on supporting societies so, we may pass over the pockets of to recognize and harness their own relative stability and cohesion and miss strengths to achieve a better future. opportunities to build on these. What’s more, solutions may inadvertently Our work relies on dedicated local undermine weak but important social peacebuilders and trusted international bonds and make matters worse. partners. I am most grateful for their tireless commitment to Interpeace’s In our own peacebuilding work, we values and mission. This year we have often see that when we shift from a lost one of our most astute, passionate conversation about division to one about and experienced peacebuilders, Flavien commonalities, relationships strengthen “Fafali” Koudawo. Fafali was an and trust builds. It can sometimes be unwavering voice of peace in conflict- as simple as asking people to talk about prone Guinea-Bissau. While we pay what binds them instead of what divides tribute to him briefly in these pages, them, or to start the conversation by we will honour his memory by striving asking: “As bad as things are, why aren’t to emulate his wisdom and humility in they worse?” This is not avoidance. On everything we do. the contrary, acknowledging shared

7 A TRIBUTE TO FAFALI KOUDAWO

The Interpeace family lost a devoted first came to Guinea-Bissau from Togo peacebuilder and inspiring colleague in 1990 as a United Nations Volunteers with the passing of Flavien “Fafali” Programme Officer. Koudawo, who directed Voz di Paz Fafali’s legacy lives on in Voz di Paz’s (Voice of Peace), Interpeace’s partner peacebuilding programmes, including organization in Guinea-Bissau. Fafali the regional dialogue spaces for peace, passed away on 23 January 2015. places where people can come together In the face of recurrent military coups to talk and find peaceful solutions to and after a devastating civil war, Fafali conflict. At times, his ideas were simple held up a vision of Guinea-Bissau as a and elegant, for example, his drive to country free of conflict, where people plant a tree at each dialogue space. The could determine their own future. He thought was to be able to construct © INTERPEACE © saw education as a driving force to fulfil a better future together under the this vision, and reached thousands welcoming shade of green leaves. of people across the country with his Keenly aware of the limits of his own “Fafali was an inspiring person radio programme, which established role, Fafali persevered with unflagging and a true peacebuilder, full him as a reassuring voice for peace. courage and unwavering optimism. He of wisdom, and humility. Through him, many came to a better is remembered among his colleagues His impressive intellect and understanding of the challenges facing and friends not only for his outstanding eloquence helped others the country, and the role they could play analytical skills but also for his big and understand the complex in creating a better future. challenges that Guinea-Bissau genuine smile. Fafali brought a sense of continues to face.” In 2007, Fafali supported the founding humour that charmed all into keeping of Voz di Paz to help consolidate peace faith that things could change and – Scott M. Weber, Director-General and stability in Guinea-Bissau. Under with enough effort and determination of Interpeace his leadership, the organization designed – would change for the better. and carried out participatory research In recognition of the mark he left on through which more than 6,000 Bissau- Guinea-Bissau, he was posthumously Guineans discussed the underlying granted the Bissau-Guinean nationality. causes of conflict and identified priorities for peace. He skilfully engaged both ordinary people and the country’s influential actors, from traditional and religious leaders to members of the military forces. Fafali once observed that peace was like a straw hut: “easy to put up, but requires high maintenance to keep it standing.” In parallel to his role at Voz di Paz, Fafali was Dean of the Department of Political Science and History at the University Colinas de Boé in Bissau, which he co-founded in 2003, soon after obtaining his PhD from the Geneva-based Graduate Institute. Fafali

8 ABOUT INTERPEACE

ABOUT US

Interpeace is an independent, international peacebuilding organization. We were initially established in 1994 by the United Nations to develop innovative solutions to build peace. We have a proven and recognized approach to enable people to build lasting peace. History shows us that peace is possible. There are solutions to be found in even the most difficult conflicts. From 20 years of experience in peacebuilding, we know that peace cannot be imported from the outside, but must be built from within a society. This is why Interpeace tailors its approach to each society. Together with local partners on the ground, we jointly develop peacebuilding programmes. We establish processes of change that connect local communities, civil society, government and the international community. We work in over 21 countries in Central America, Africa, Europe, the Middle East and Asia. As a strategic partner of the United Nations, Interpeace is headquartered in Geneva (Switzerland) and has offices in Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire), Brussels (Belgium), Guatemala City © FRANÇOIS WAVRE FOR INTERPEACE (Guatemala), Nairobi (Kenya), New York (USA) and Stockholm (Sweden).

9 OUR FINANCES WHAT IS AND SUPPORT PEACEBUILDING?

Interpeace is a non-profit organization. Conflict is natural in society and can Our peacebuilding work is funded by lead to positive change. However, it can generous voluntary contributions from also descend into violence. Interpeace governments, multilateral organizations, understands peacebuilding as a process foundations, the private sector, and of strengthening a society’s capacity to individuals. manage conflict in non-violent ways. Our 2014 expenditure of US$23.8 Peacebuilding needs to enhance trust million reflects the growing demand between individuals and between for our work and that our expertise is groups in a society, as well as restore the valued by governments, civil society, legitimacy of state institutions. United Nations agencies and other Peacebuilding is also about bringing international organizations. together the different actors that are Our 2014 financial reports were, for engaged in the rebuilding of a country. the sixth year, in accordance with the People from inside and outside a International Financial Reporting conflict-affected country need to work Standards, the highest financial together to understand their different reporting standard. views, define priorities, and ultimately enable a better alignment of national Our ZEWO seal of approval shows that policy-making, external assistance, and we are using the funds entrusted to us local priorities. in a conscientious manner. Interpeace strongly believes that peacebuilding is about deep, long- term transformations that require an integrated approach engaging a diverse range of actors.

10 INTERPEACE’S TRACK 6 APPROACH

WHAT IS TRACK 6? In many countries, the government, Direct results and recommendations, civil society and local communities produced through Participatory often act separately to address problems Action Research and multi-stakeholder Interpeace helps establish processes of they face. Our integrated Track 6 dialogue, provide a basis for the change that connect local communities, approach helps to ensure that high-level formulation of more effective laws, civil society, governments and the policies reflect local realities and benefit policies and other peacebuilding and international community – an approach from local knowledge–contributing statebuilding initiatives at the national we call Track 6. to the policies’ legitimacy and and regional levels. sustainability. In the peacebuilding field, initiatives Interpeace’s efforts in partnership with that involve government officials and Interpeace fosters inclusive political national peacebuilding institutions other high-level decision-makers processes by ensuring the meaningful have contributed significantly to the are referred to as Track 1. Initiatives participation of critical and long-term development of societies involving influential actors from civil marginalized stakeholders, including by introducing legitimate processes society are referred to as Track 2, and women, through strategies and and institutions for effective conflict those that engage the local population mechanisms that are adapted to each management. at the community and grassroots level context. For instance, a number of our are called Track 3. programmes have specific activities tailored to address issues affecting Interpeace works across all levels of women and specific components society, connecting the three tracks: aimed at enhancing women’s role in 1+2+3=6. peacebuilding and their capacities in conflict resolution.

GOVERNMENT AND POLITICAL ELITES TRACK 1 +

CIVIL SOCIETY TRACK 2 = TRACK 6 +

COMMUNITY AND TRACK 3 GRASSROOTS

11 OUR PEACEBUILDING PRINCIPLES © IMRAP

LOCAL OWNERSHIP BUILDING TRUST “It is here that Interpeace makes the difference. Its Putting local people at the heart of Trust is the keystone of peace approach in terms of ownership building peace Trust is the foundation of society. is something I’ve never seen For peace to be sustainable, local Violent conflict tears the fabric of during the course of my long people need to be the ones defining the society and destroys the trust that binds career as an international peace problem and the solution. When people relationships and gives institutions negotiator.” take part in defining the problem, legitimacy. Interpeace works at all Martti Ahtisaari, 2008 Nobel Peace they gain a sense of responsibility and levels of society to develop a common Prize Laureate and former chair of ownership of the solutions. Together vision for the future, helping to increase Interpeace with our local partners, Interpeace mutual understanding and rebuild trust. ensures that priorities are determined locally and not imposed from the outside. We help to create spaces for dialogue and problem solving that pave the way for lasting peace.

12 © STEVE TICKNER FOR INTERPEACE

REACHING OUT TO ALL PROCESS MATTERS “By engaging both at the local GROUPS and senior political levels, The process determines the result Interpeace has helped to bring Building peace involves everyone The urgent need to resolve a conflict the needs and aspirations of Excluding or marginalizing certain can prompt a quick fix instead of the ordinary people to the attention groups in society can deepen their kind of holistic response that can truly of decision makers. This in turn resentment and sow the seeds of strengthen the foundations of a divided has helped fragile societies to renewed violence. Interpeace’s inclusive society. At Interpeace, we recognize that strengthen governance and approach engages all parties in a process the process will in large part determine accountability, rebuild trust, of change, enabling them to move an initiative’s success. and set priorities for long-term collectively towards moderation and recovery.” compromise. Kofi Annan, former Secretary- General of the United Nations LONG-TERM COMMITMENT Building lasting peace takes time The road to peace is rarely straight and nearly always long. Interpeace recognizes that success in local peacebuilding work hinges on support that is patient and consistent.

13 WHERE WE BUILD PEACE

Our headquarters are located in Geneva (Switzerland). Our regional offices in Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire), Nairobi (Kenya) and Guatemala City (Guatemala) oversee peacebuilding programmes in their regions. We have representation offices in New York (USA) and Brussels (Belgium) and most recently in Sweden as a fundraising foundation. Interpeace also operates through its International Peacebuilding Advisory Team (IPAT). IPAT is a deployable capacity that supports countries and organizations to help them achieve greater peacebuilding impact.

NEW YORK USA In 2014 Interpeace supported peacebuilding initiatives in: Central America: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama Africa: Burundi, Côte d’Ivoire, GUATEMALA CITY GUATEMALA Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Libya, Mali, Rwanda, Somali region Europe and the Middle East: Cyprus, Israel, Palestine Asia: Timor-Leste BELIZE HONDURAS

GUATEMALA NICARAGUA EL SALVADOR

COSTA RICA PANAMA

14 STOCKHOLM SWEDEN

BRUSSELS BELGIUM

UKRAINE GENEVA SWITZERLAND SWITZERLAND MACEDONIA

CYPRUS PALESTINE LIBYA ISRAEL EGYPT

MALI CENTRAL GUINEA-BISSAU AFRICAN ERITREA ABIDJAN CÔTE D’IVOIRE REPUBLIC SOMALI REGION ETHIOPIA DEMOCRATIC INDONESIA LIBERIA CÔTE REPUBLIC OF KENYA (ACEH) D’IVOIRE THE CONGO NAIROBI KENYA

GREAT THE COMOROS LAKES TIMOR-LESTE RWANDA REGION PAPUA NEW GUINEA BURUNDI

MOZAMBIQUE

OFFICES CURRENT PROGRAMMES PAST PROGRAMMES IPAT ENGAGEMENTS

15 2014 HIGHLIGHTS

Our peacebuilding work across Africa, Asia, Central America, Europe and the Middle East

16 2014 HIGHLIGHTS RESULTS IN PEACEBUILDING

In 2014, Measuring and communicating the impact of peacebuilding work Interpeace presents unique challenges. First is supported the timeframe: It takes years to build peace, and thus our annual results are nationally led best recognized as incremental steps peacebuilding in advancing a programme’s long-term programmes in strategy. Interpeace’s theory of change is more than critical to understanding the results 21 countries we produce with our partners. Results may include, for example, new lines of communication between people and their leaders, greater confidence in public institutions, and broader participation in policy making. All are factors that help a country emerge from conflict and consolidate peace. Contexts evolve, sometimes quickly, and can influence prospects for peace in a positive or negative direction. Therefore, a keen analysis of the situation is necessary to understanding the value of a given strategy and results produced. Peacebuilding often takes place in a sensitive political context, and at times, Interpeace will keep its role confidential. Finally, change is often the result of a combination of factors, making it difficult to credit one particular factor or actor. We therefore aim to explain the constellation of factors that made the change possible.

17 CENTRAL AMERICA

Involving young people in preventing violence

YOUTH PROGRAMME groups work alongside governments, series of dialogues and trainings on municipalities and community groups conflict transformation for youth, the Half of Central America’s population to implement comprehensive youth majority of whom are at risk and lack is under 30 years of age, and many policies. At the regional level, we work education and job opportunities. of these youth live in conditions of closely with the intergovernmental poverty, inequality and insecurity. With • Brought young people together from Central America Integration System the growth of gangs and organized Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, (SICA) and youth organizations to crime, it is the most marginalized youth, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa develop a regional youth strategy and particularly those who live in urban Rica and Panama to establish a promote youth perspectives. communities, who are at high risk of regional youth network called “Yo becoming victims or perpetrators of In 2014, the programme: soy Centroamérica” (I am Central violence. America). They strengthened their • Involved Honduras’ popular sports collaborative work in two regional But youth can also be persuasive clubs (“barras bravas” in Spanish) seminars and drew up an agenda to agents for positive change. Since 2007, in violence prevention. The clubs, influence regional policies working Interpeace has engaged young people named Ultra Fiel and Revolucionarios, with SICA. in efforts to explore the root causes of mobilize up to 27,000 youth, a violence and to craft policies to address number large enough to serve as a • Audited existing youth public policies them. In Guatemala and Honduras, broad basis for significant violence working with national networks of for example, we have helped youth reduction. The process began with a youth organizations. Our partners, Coordinadora de Juventud de Guatemala (CJG) and Network Gritos in El Salvador, will disseminate the resulting social accountability reports to policymakers and civil society. • Increased knowledge on youth violence through research in El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras. The findings challenge traditional paradigms on protection and risk and clarify factors that result in youth being victimized and becoming perpetrators of violence. The research may lead to more in-depth consultative research and more effective violence prevention. • Assisted Villa Nueva, Guatemala’s second largest city, at their request, in planning to implement a youth policy they drafted in concert with local © INTERPEACE © youth networks and civil society.

18 2014 HIGHLIGHTS

Promoting positive change for high-risk youth

REDUCTION OF VIOLENCE IN Interpeace approaches the issue of • Promoted the expansion of successful EL SALVADOR violence in El Salvador through prison reform by documenting the a peacebuilding lens that seeks to government’s “Yo Cambio” pilot Despite democratic progress after understand the structural causes project so that it can be replicated emerging from a long civil war, El behind the troubling number of in prisons across the country. The Salvador is marked by high poverty, young people turning to violent crime. project, whose name roughly translates inequality, weak public infrastructure Solutions look to the long term, for to “I’m changing,” transformed and growing insecurity. Gangs and example, generating opportunities for Apanteos prison in Santa Ana violent youth groups have grown more gang members to rejoin the labour from one of the most violent and powerful, often taking control of poor market and society. We seek to corrupt prisons in El Salvador to urban areas. Some 60,000 youth belong improve conditions for security and a model of penitentiary treatment to street gangs, of whom 10,000 are justice through initiatives that include and rehabilitation. Educational and imprisoned. perpetrators and those affected by the productive activities organized by the In 2012, the two main gangs agreed violence and by working with municipal prisoners themselves have not only to a cessation of hostilities, pledging authorities, the private sector and civil made their relationships with each to reduce their criminal activity society. other more peaceful but opened the in exchange for improved prison way for them to integrate back into In 2014, the programme: conditions, protection of their rights society when they leave. and opportunities for reintegration • Advanced an 11-city “free of • Supported violence reduction efforts into society. Homicide rates dropped violence” initiative in which by others, including the Network by almost 60%. In 2014, however, municipal authorities are working of Communal Facilitators, which homicide rates rose again, due in part with communities to reduce gang works to maintain peace and resolve to a lack of political will to see the violence. The programme adapts specific conflicts in the municipalities; reduction of violence as an opportunity violence reduction activities to the the Humanitarian Foundation, to support a major process of social urban contexts where gangs have which engages the private sector peace. thrived, assisted by a socio-economic in rehabilitation and economic diagnostic of each municipality. reinsertion activities for high-risk This process was carried out youth; and national organizations through interviews and focus groups that implemented projects under the and in concert with members of framework of the EU Instrument for neighbourhood associations and Stabilization (IFS) for El Salvador. churches as well as local authorities Work with the latter involved and gang members. documenting lessons learned.

19 Addressing the increasing role of the military in public security

SECURITY AND JUSTICE PROGRAMME The decision by many Central American governments to use the military to maintain public security has undermined their already fragile democratic institutions and is commonly perceived as a threat to peace. In the case of social protests, for example, experience shows that the risk of violent confrontation increases when military personnel assume roles usually assigned to police trained in the rule of law and human rights. Indeed, there is a troubling lack of legal and technical frameworks to guide the use of military force in civilian contexts. Many governments have also adopted policies that further criminalize perpetrators, harden justice sentences and increase security surveillance, despite little evidence that these policies reduce criminality and the overall level of violence. The Interpeace programme is working to generate a broader debate on justice and security in Guatemala, including a technical discussion that defines the role of the military. There are eventual plans © ARMANDO GARCÍA FOR INTERPEACE to expand the work to other Central American countries. • Conducted participatory diagnostics In 2014, the programme: on the perception of the military in public security in eight of Guatemala’s • Established conflict transformation 22 departments. It found, for example, mechanisms between the Guatemalan that some reject a military role in Ministry of Defense and civil public security in light of past abuses society. In 2014, these mechanisms while others regard the military as proved efficient in preventing the only institution capable of facing violence during two social protests in crime in the country. Huehuetenango. The programme is preparing the conditions for a more • Initiated a project in El Boqueron comprehensive dialogue to help define, prison with members of a gang in a participatory way, the military’s called Mara Salvatrucha through participation in public security. job training and other productive activities.

20 2014 HIGHLIGHTS

Strengthening society’s resilience and ability to peacefully resolve conflicts

CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION All too frequently, States respond to In 2014, the programme: PROGRAMME these protests with repression, and in • Implemented the Frameworks for some cases have sanctioned the use Central American economies depend Assessing Resilience (FAR) project in of non-state armed actors to attack on the exploitation of natural resources Guatemala, which began with focus environmental and social organizations. through mining, oil extraction, groups and interviews conducted with The results have included violent hydropower projects, and crops such key social actors in the capital city confrontations with lethal consequences, as African palm. But as national and and three departments. Participants in addition to high levels of political international companies are benefiting identified three issues to serve as polarization, intolerance and divided from the weakness of state institutions entry points for the consultation communities. In Guatemala, the and regulations, communities are losing process: security and violence, socio- situation is amplified by the historical ground due to the lack of controls environmental conflicts and the racism that shapes social relations and regarding access to, and the preservation fragility of public institutions. perpetuates the exclusion of indigenous of, natural resources. people. • Conducted the first phase of In negotiations with the private sector the consultation process in 11 The conflict transformation programme over access to these resources, the state departments of Guatemala, which is part of Interpeace´s Frameworks for tends to protect the interests of private consisted of interviews and focus Assessing Resilience (FAR) programme. industry over that of communities. groups with politicians, entrepreneurs, It seeks to understand the key factors When communities have stated their women, youth, indigenous people and that drive these conflicts, but also the positions in formal consultations, others. A key outcome was a note on society’s capacities for resilience. The governments and industry have ignored resilience that will be used to initiate a aim is to strengthen the positive coping the outcomes. Hence, communities have national Participatory Action Research capacities and to identify ways to access turned to social protest to voice their process to study how Guatemalans’ natural resources that are non-violent concerns. coping strategies affect social cohesion. and democratic. © INTERPEACE ©

21 THE SOMALI REGION

Promoting peace through broad participation and cutting-edge technology

The adoption of a new provisional Constitution in August 2012 and the subsequent formation of the Somali Federal Government created renewed momentum to rebuild Somalia. In addition, the Government, together with the African Union Mission in Somalia, carried out a military offensive to counter the jihadist insurgency posed by Al-Shabaab. These major steps forward have ushered in an era of new hope. Nevertheless, the Government’s progress in meeting its priorities – stability, economic recovery, peacebuilding, service delivery, reconciliation and © PDRC international relations – continues to be hampered by Al-Shabaab’s operations statebuilding processes through a and political infighting, among other “The Peace Cup is a sign peacebuilding lens. Among the partners post-conflict challenges. Questions demonstrating support for Interpeace works with are the Academy remain as to whether Somalia will be the peace and reconciliation for Peace and Development (APD) able to transition toward democratic meeting for the people in the and the Somaliland National Youth legitimacy by holding elections in 2016. Lower Juba Region.” Organization (SONYO) in Somaliland, – Mr. Abdi Ibrahim Abdi (known In Somaliland, a hybrid governance the Puntland Development Research as Abdi-Bare), 1st Deputy Mayor structure, which embraces aspects of a Center (PDRC) in Puntland, the of Kismayo responsible for social multiparty democracy and a clan-based Heritage Institute for Policy Studies in affairs power-sharing system, has contributed Mogadishu, and a new peacebuilding to security and stability. However, team in the southern regions. localized conflicts persist, often over validated in a national forum attended In 2014, our programme used a range competition for scarce resources. In by 120 stakeholders. The priorities they of tools to give people – especially Puntland, momentum towards a more identified included: improving land women, youth, and marginalized groups representative form of governance was management as a deterrent to conflict; – a voice in governance and engage dampened by the suspension of local encouraging citizen engagement with them in peacebuilding. Societal and council elections in 2013. However, decentralized governance structures; political stakeholders provided input with a broad-based regional consultation and ensuring successful parliamentary on the design of “participatory polling” conference planned for 2015 and a and presidential elections (through surveys and mobile technology made commitment by the President to appoint civic education, legal reform, and for swift data collection. The results a new transitional electoral commission, management of the political space). indicated strong support for democratic there is hope for political reconciliation These priorities are already guiding processes, be it local council elections and a resumption of the stalled our programme; for instance, in 2014 in Mogadishu, voter registration in democratization process. APD launched a participatory process Somaliland, or the democratization to develop better land management For almost 20 years, Interpeace has process in Puntland. worked with its Somali partners to build mechanisms. Also in Somaliland, we Our partner, APD, completed a and sustain a neutral political space piloted a Local Governance Barometer, Somaliland-wide consultative research for dialogue between stakeholders in in which communities identified process on challenges to peace and the Somali region as well as supporting indicators they will use to measure stability. The findings were then government performance over time.

22 2014 HIGHLIGHTS

In Puntland, our partner, PDRC, hosted the first-ever consultative meeting between the President MOBILE PEACEBUILDING and the public, and co-organized Building on the Somali region’s rich oral tradition, and taking into similar public meetings in the towns account high levels of illiteracy, Interpeace and its partner, the Puntland of Burtinle and Galkayo. PDRC Development Research Center (PDRC) developed a mobile audio- also conducted a mapping exercise visual unit (MAVU) that uses film to engage people in dialogues on to elicit people’s input on current peacebuilding, reconciliation, and civic participation. Viewings take place challenges and opportunities related to on a giant inflatable screen and are followed by moderated discussions. democratization, decentralization and social reconciliation. In 2014, the MAVU process was replicated in Somaliland by Interpeace’s partner, the Academy for Peace and Development (APD). As in Puntland, In light of the improving security the approach has proven particularly effective at reaching people in remote situation, our programme established rural communities who appreciate the chance to take part in important a new peacebuilding team for the societal conversations. south and central regions. In the Juba regions, the team has been engaging “It seems like magic on a wall. How is it possible for me to watch people the community and administration speaking who are not present?” said an elder in the town of Gudmo Biyo- on issues such as community security, Aas in Somaliland. “I, for one, have been educated on the merits of this reconciliation, the involvement film screening.” of women and youth, and the Community discussions using mobile audio-visual units played a key identification of criteria for selecting a role in supporting reconciliation processes in Puntland (Xero-jale) and strong and effective state parliament. Somaliland (Oog and Gabiley). In Puntland, PDRC’s MAVU team The programme team also organized a screened films depicting past local reconciliations and facilitated discussion football tournament to commemorate on how the reconciliation would occur in Xero-jale. When the negotiations the International Day of Peace, between the two conflicting parties broke down, the team broadcasted providing a rare opportunity for youth peace poetry that softened community attitudes and brought the and other community members to be negotiating elders back to the discussion table. together in a spirit of peace and hope. In a similar approach, APD’s MAVU team in Somaliland recorded peace As the partner of the National messages from two conflicting clans and shared these messages across Electoral Commission in Somaliland, the conflict line. As a result, both clans accepted the “blanket of peace” Interpeace directly supported the offered by the other, laying the foundation for a negotiated settlement to development and procurement process the conflict. APD also worked with the local administration to support and for a new biometric voter registration monitor the mediation effort. process to be rolled out in 2015. Our democratization programme also organized two expert workshops on electoral systems for officials of the Somali Federal Government in Mogadishu and Djibouti.

23 MALI

Defining priorities for peace beyond accepted narratives and societal divides

Although the Algiers peace talks have The findings were validated by key beyond generally accepted narratives broken off several times since they Malian stakeholders at the National and overcomes societal divides. began in July 2014, there is hope that Conference and published as the Self- Finding solutions to these priorities they will soon translate to a peace Portrait of Mali: On the Obstacles to for peace is the next step. To ensure agreement. A signed accord between Peace. A documentary film that captures they are grounded in local realities, the the conflicting parties, although highlights of the consultations and Interpeace–IMRAP programme will critically important, is nevertheless one interviews of key participants is available conduct Participatory Action Research of numerous steps towards addressing on the Interpeace website. The findings involving people from across the the structural problems that triggered also reveal that people have little country. Thematic working groups made the 2012 crisis and caused the virtual knowledge of the realities in other parts up of experts and resource persons will collapse of the State. of the country, a gap that tends to foster ensure solutions draw on best practices stereotypes, stigmatization, and a sense Efforts to restore State authority and to and research, while the parallel dialogue of inequality and marginalization. The reconstruct the country will need to be process will ensure the necessary Self-Portrait is therefore a remarkable accompanied by the restoration of trust participation and buy-in at grassroots example of Malians’ capacity to reach a – between communities, and between and higher levels of the society. consensus on the underlying challenges the people and the State. However, the facing their society, one that goes national Commission for Truth, Justice and Reconciliation (CVJR) established in 2014 is yet to be fully operational. Yet Malians’ expectations for a national reconciliation process in which they can actively participate in remain high. In 2014, Interpeace and its partner, the Malian Institute of Action Research for Peace (IMRAP) conducted a national dialogue process that engaged people at all levels of society and across political divides. Through 127 focus groups and more than 70 interviews, IMRAP consulted with more than 4,700 Malians from all walks of life and leanings, including members and sympathizers of armed groups, in all eight regions of Mali and in refugee camps in Mauritania and Niger. People identified the following major © IMRAP obstacles to peace: the management of socio-political diversity and the crisis “Our country needs this kind of societal values; the regulation of the of meeting; it gives Malians the competition around resources and socio- opportunity to talk frankly and economic opportunities; the governance self-critically in order to find a of access to public services; and the lasting solution for peace that mechanism for management and every Malian hopes for.” resolution of local conflict and armed rebellions. Participant in the National Conference in Bamako

24 2014 HIGHLIGHTS GUINEA-BISSAU

Promoting civic engagement through a unique architecture of peace

The coup d’état in April 2012 in Guinea-Bissau triggered a profound crisis that damaged the economy and further weakened state structures as conflicts multiplied between institutions and interest groups. In April 2014, however, the country held general elections that were hailed by observers for their exemplary process, respect of procedures and high turnout. International sanctions in place since the coup d’état were lifted, allowing trade and aid to resume. What is more, the election winners brought representatives of other political parties into the government, an inclusive move that helped to stabilize the country in the short term and lay the foundation for national reconciliation.

Nevertheless, the country faces a © VOZ DI PAZ difficult road ahead as it sets out to reform the judicial, defence and security sectors, and provide its people with basic services. Voz di Paz’s weekly radio programme, “Voz di Paz makes it possible Interpeace and its partner, Voz di Paz, broadcast nationally and through 33 for people to speak up about have been working to promote trust and community radio stations, covered such what they care about. They dialogue within Guinea-Bissau through topics as the roles and responsibilities have created a sense of a joint programme since 2007. Voz di of the state and its citizens, democracy, citizenship and trust in the Paz’s capacity to engage with people local governance, and the management power of each individual.” across the social and political spectrum of public goods. Voz di Paz asked the – Catholic priest from the region of is due to its unique “peace architecture.” communities to develop peace messages Cacheu First are 10 Regional Spaces for that were voiced by prominent people Dialogue, in which leaders chosen by at the start of each national news their communities can be called upon to broadcast. help prevent and resolve local conflicts. The Interpeace–Voz di Paz programme The programme achieves broad reach drew on its long experience of through partnerships with more than conducting countrywide research 30 national and community-based radio consultations to gain new input on the programmes and a network of some 50 obstacles to peace. Voz di Paz facilitated youth organizations. It also cultivates a process in which key stakeholders trust with the Government, members of re-examined the root causes and the security forces and other key leaders. assessed the evolution of the situation, Voz di Paz’s efforts to foster strong concluding that the dysfunctional citizen engagement and promote a justice system was perceived as the most culture of debate played an active role urgent priority to be addressed. in the lead up to the 2014 elections.

25 LIBERIA

Identifying resilience to violent conflict while coping with the Ebola crisis

Since the Liberian civil war ended in 2003, the country has undergone a period of economic reconstruction and largely avoided major violence. The 2014 Ebola crisis in West Africa, however, exposed weaknesses in Liberia’s systems and institutions and revealed both fractures in society and a lack of trust in the State. Between 2010 and 2012, Interpeace and its Liberian partner, the Platform for Dialogue and Peace (P4DP) conducted nationwide consultations in which communities identified obstacles to peace, a process of participatory research broadly representative of Liberian society. Since 2014, P4DP has engaged people

in a nationwide discussion to identify © F4DP the sources of resilience that exist in Liberian society – methods people currently use to overcome violent Interpeace to re-orient the programme, “When you begin to use local conflict and peacefully transform the consultations resumed in October, with resources, you settle problems threats to peace. This work is part of outreach and research methods carefully quickly, but if you start to look Interpeace’s Frameworks for Assessing revised to address health and security down on your own people, Resilience (FAR) programme, which risks. you will never know their qualifications.” holds that peacebuilding is more Despite daunting circumstances, more effective when based on assets and than 700 people from all sectors of – Participant from Margibi County, strengths already present within a society in Liberia’s 15 counties took FAR Consultation, November 2014 society. The initial project design sought part in the consultations in 2014. In to look at how Liberians cope with the interviews and focus group discussions, findings, which will serve as the basis structural threats to peace that persist they identified existing capacities for for the programme’s second phase, in more than ten years after the end of the resilience in the face of violent conflict which stakeholders from a variety of civil war. and also discussed ways to cope with the sectors will convene regularly to propose However, with the steepening of the devastation caused by the Ebola crisis. strategies for strengthening resilience. Ebola crisis in July 2014 came the Overall, most people relate to their challenge to understand the society’s immediate communities as primary resilience in the face of a threat of a sources of resilience. In the face of a different nature, and how it interacts State that does not deliver basic public with strategies for coping with the goods, they rely on solidarity initiatives structural threats to peace. After a and traditional customs to resolve temporary suspension of activities, conflicts and provide livelihoods. P4DP during which time P4DP worked with is currently working on a report on the

26 2014 HIGHLIGHTS CÔTE D’IVOIRE

Involving urban youth in defining the dynamics of violence and how to break away from it

Since the end of the socio-political Preliminary findings suggest four main The programme plans to conduct crisis in 2011, Côte d’Ivoire has seen obstacles to social cohesion: participatory research in other parts of continuous economic growth, numerous the country and explore ways to open • Socio-political dynamics around major infrastructure projects, and a lines of communication around the identities; reduction in insecurity. Despite these elections and on land issues, which positive developments, the country • Changing parental models and emerged in previously conducted remains divided between the people valorized images of the successful life; participatory research as a main obstacle and political actors close to the regime to peace in the West. • A bankrupt education system and a of former President Laurent Gbagbo, culture of violence in the schools; and and those supporting the current President Alassane Ouattara. In • The role of the transport sector in “You have a lot of things in your advance of the October 2015 elections, fostering youth violence. heart. But you have no one to talk with, because fear has there are signs of increased tensions The consultations demonstrated that between the ruling majority and the invaded you and you do not youth, including those taking part in know who you’re talking to.” opposition, as well as within political the violence, are capable and willing to parties. Especially troubling are regular come together to address these issues. – B.E, a youth from Abobo, Abidjan, in appreciation for the chance to episodes of violence involving youth, Indeed, among participants’ requests for engage in the youth dialogues especially in the urban areas, which Indigo, was an opportunity for youth is often driven by ex-combatants affiliated with political parties to engage awaiting demobilization and by youth in dialogues during the electoral period. gangs. Meanwhile, the mandate of Such work will be important to prevent the Commission on Dialogue, Truth the incidence of youth violence incited and Reconciliation (CDVR) came by political leaders. to an end, leaving a mixed sense of accomplishment, its contribution to reconciliation being limited. Interpeace and its partner, the Initiative for Dialogue and Research Action for Peace, known as Indigo, are conducting joint participatory research to identify the obstacles to social cohesion and the dynamic of violence involving youth in Abidjan. To date, Indigo has consulted more than 700 people, mostly youth, through 30 focus groups and individual interviews in three communes of Abidjan: Abobo, Yopougon and Treichville. © INDIGO

27 THE GREAT LAKES REGION

Supporting local and regional actors to build peace across borders

Since around 1960, the Great Lakes limits. Regional stability will largely This regional work gained traction in region has been marked by violent depend on ensuring that each country 2014 as the programme carried out conflicts with shifting epicentres, and administers them in a free, fair and launch meetings attended by hundreds with major cross-border consequences. inclusive way. The fragility of the of people from all walks of life in the Burundi was shaken by violent conflict situation, however, was seen in the four zones. The resulting locally led with clear ethnic connotations from spring of 2015, as the unfolding pre- working groups and steering committees the early 1970s until the Arusha Peace election violence caused thousands of conducted research and advocacy Accords in 2000. The 1994 genocide Burundians to seek refuge in Rwanda during the second half of 2014. against the Tutsi in Rwanda escalated and the DRC. Significantly, the programme engaged conflict on a regional level by forcing top Government decision-makers from In the face of tactics politicians use millions of people to flee and settle in the three countries in the process, to manipulate people on the basis adjacent countries. Today, the inability who clearly expressed their continuous of ethnic and community identities, of the Government of the Democratic support for the programme, increasing Interpeace and its partners aim to Republic of Congo (DRC) to enforce its potential for positive impact. build cooperation and trust between control and rule of law in all of its citizens who will then be able to act as The programme also created a regional territory, and especially the eastern change agents for peace at the regional platform for civil society organizations, provinces, favours the continued level. Our partners include Never which then hosted a number of presence of national and foreign armed Again Rwanda, and the Conflict Alert community dialogues on identity-based groups. Their fight for economic and Prevention Centre (CENAP) in stereotyping and the need for tolerance, and political power causes immense Burundi. In the DRC, our partners especially among youth. Regional suffering for civilians. include the Réseau d’Innovation institutions such as the International Interpeace’s regional programme works Organisationnelle (RIO) and l’Action Conference on the Great Lakes in four zones, comprising Rwanda, pour la Paix et la Concorde (APC) in Region (CIRGL) and the Economic Burundi and the DRC provinces of South Kivu province, as well as Pole Community of the Great Lakes North Kivu and South Kivu. The Institute and the Centre d’Etudes Countries (CEPGL) also took part in countries all face elections in the next Juridiques Appliquées (CEJA) in North the Interpeace programme. few years, in a context marked by Kivu province. The partners conducted more than controversies about presidential term 60 focus groups and more than 30 individual interviews on “land, identity, population movement and conflicts in the Great Lakes region,” which will be presented in mid-2015 at a forum in which a diverse group of key stakeholders from across the region will create the mandate for the next phase of the programme. © INTERPEACE ©

28 2014 HIGHLIGHTS BURUNDI

Fostering dialogue across political divides

“We are honoured to participate in the accountability meetings because it gives us a chance to learn about the life in our municipality and to contribute to improving it.”

“We commit to holding regular Burundi stands at a critical juncture in A key achievement was the June 2014 meetings with representative its peacebuilding and democratization adoption of a Code of Conduct for of all parties in the province process as the 2015 elections approach. the 2015 elections in which political at least once every three In March 2014, the Parliament defeated parties, political actors and the United months, to enhance a healthy a constitutional amendment to allow Nations committed to a certain number political climate and to be the President to run for a third term, of principles to ensure credible multi- able to discuss everyone’s and since then the ruling party has party elections. CENAP contributed to preoccupations.” often obstructed the functioning of this result by facilitating an inclusive – Provincial Governor the opposition parties. What’s more, process, a role it also played in youth wings of the main political parties reforming the country’s electoral law. have engaged sporadically in politically In later months, as national political motivated intimidation and violence. actors grew less interested in dialogue, In this atmosphere of rising tension and CENAP’s provincial work took on more shrinking political space, Interpeace importance. Radio debates alongside six and its partner, the Conflict Alert and provincial dialogues not only brought Prevention Centre (CENAP), have people’s solutions for peaceful elections continued to foster dialogues, keeping to a wide audience but reportedly open – and sometimes initiating made authorities more responsive. – critical lines of communication These dialogues also gave recognized across the political divide. Facilitated and non-recognized wings of political by CENAP, these dialogues have parties a rare chance to interact. The five involved government representatives, permanent dialogue groups begun by the ruling party, opposition parties, CENAP in 2013 brought together youth civic groups and the people. A national affiliated with different political parties, meeting in March 2014 attended by and hundreds of youth were trained top political leaders and Burundians in the peaceful resolution of conflict, from across the society set priorities for communication and democratic values. peaceful elections in 2015 and initiated accountability reviews of elected officials.

29 RWANDA

Empowering citizens, consolidating peace

Twenty years after the 1994 Rwandan genocide against the Tutsi, the country has made substantial progress in the social, economic and political realms, yet several challenges to sustainable peace remain. Chief among these is a viable multiparty system, which many consider fundamental to the country’s stability. The ruling political party’s control of the civil society landscape means there is limited space to openly discuss issues vital for democracy, including residual tensions from the Gacaca reconciliation process, which, in addition to playing a foundational role in post-genocide statebuilding, also re- opened old wounds. The Interpeace programme in Rwanda aims to contribute to the consolidation of a peaceful and inclusive Rwandan © NAR society, able to peacefully manage conflicts, embrace diversity, and enact policies that are responsive to citizen Interpeace and its current partner, priorities. Never Again Rwanda, are implementing a new programme focused on societal Achievements in 2014 include the healing and participatory governance. finalization of a Local Governance It will empower citizens to use new Barometer, a tool to engage citizens in and existing ways to communicate the process of defining what is meant with decision-makers at local, district by good governance and monitoring and national levels. The programme progress using indicators measuring facilitates dialogues in which people’s trust in public institutions, community members can openly discuss transparency, service delivery, citizen sensitive topics, identify solutions and participation, accountability and the reach consensus on priorities for peace. rule of law. The barometer, as well as participatory research on poverty reduction strategies, was finalized during the closing phase of Interpeace’s partnership with the Institute of Research and Dialogue for Peace in the first half of 2014.

30 2014 HIGHLIGHTS LIBYA

Societies that have recently emerged ensuring multiple voices were heard Expanding acts of violence and from conflict are often fragile, despite widespread marginalization. deteriorating security conditions, susceptible to being drawn back into however, led Interpeace to significantly • When high levels of mistrust among violent conflict. This was the case in reduce the scope of the program. While tribal groups in of the Sebha region Libya in 2014, when fighting between initially, the programme intended a made them reluctant to come together pro-government and Islamist militias gradual national coverage, the context for dialogue, the team involved groups reached a new level of intensity with only allowed for a consultation trusted by all parties. And when travel the July battle for Tripoli International process in the South with numerous in and around Sebha became unsafe, Airport, and soon spread more widely, interruptions. Interpeace will continue the team reoriented their strategy, for from Tripoli to Benghazi to Sebha. to assess the situation with an eye example, expanding further in the Elsewhere tribal clashes are wreaking toward resuming the work in the future. south into Murzuq and Ubari, where havoc on the country’s already fragile Meanwhile, the programme’s work in social dynamics were similar and social fabric as community relations 2014 provides a window onto what is access was easier. further disintegrate along regional, possible for peacebuilding in Libya. tribal, city and even neighbourhood • The mapping process concluded with lines. Regional and tribal allegiances are more than 500 Libyans consulted gradually dictating general attitudes and in the south. A document capturing political outlooks. the broad array of perspectives has been written and will inform future This development made it increasingly planning. difficult for Interpeace and our partner, Assabil, to proceed with our joint programme to explore ways to develop an infrastructure for peace in Libya. The challenges were many. The legitimacy of the new government was in question by a majority of Libyans as the parliament, largely confined to Tripoli, lacked the ability to consolidate peace. The state of internal fragmentation was compounded by other nations vying for Libya’s oil and other assets, already a keen source of internal competition. Nevertheless, by mid-2014, the programme had been able to make important progress: • A diverse team used Interpeace methodology to map people’s views on the obstacles and priorities to lasting peace. They began with local INTERPEACE © communities in the South and moved on to urban centers in the North such as Tripoli, Misurata and Benghazi. Assabil engaged community wisemen, formal authorities and militias, gaining growing respect for the work, and included women and youth,

31 PALESTINE

Fostering a national vision from the grassroots to the leadership

The devastating losses from the Israeli assault on Gaza in July 2014 have compounded a sense of desperation within Palestinian society stemming from the failure of all peace talks since the Oslo Accords in 1993. Lessons from © MUSTAKBALNA © these failures have yet to be drawn, including the fact that large segments of Palestinian society remain excluded among the different political factions. “It is not an intellectual luxury from the peace process. Mustakbalna’s team interviewed to discuss the future shape the secretaries-general and other of the Palestinian state; it is Since 2004, Interpeace’s programme in officials of the 13 political parties mandatory to do so, in order to Palestine, Mustakbalna (“our future” in in the West Bank and Gaza for a define strategies to achieve our Arabic), has worked towards a common study that explores each party’s desired homeland.” vision for a future state that represents vision on statehood, a step that people’s concerns and is supported – National workshop participant encouraged politicians to attend by the leadership. To this end, from Jenin Mustakbalna workshops and to listen Mustakbalna formed working groups to the other parties’ viewpoints. The of influential members of society, such programme also sought the views of as ex-detainees, members of Parliament, The programme team also produced ordinary people, producing a short mid-level leaders, members of civil on-the-ground analyses of the political documentary that showed widespread society, women and youth. The aim is to dynamics and the ceasefire agreement. support for a free state, but a lack of empower agents for change to act with consensus around the aspired shape of • Seeking public input into the influence and to reach out to those who state. reconstruction of Gaza, the are tired of internal political divisions programme team interviewed citizens and are thus keen to exert popular • A broad-based national gathering from the heavily hit areas as well as pressure on the leadership. in May reviewed the outcomes of analysts and politicians from Fatah, the local discussions, the political Highlights of the programme in 2014: Hamas and other parties, sharing parties’ visions and the viewpoints their report with key stakeholders. • In an important step toward a of ordinary people. Its presentation A subsequent report focused on the common vision, Mustakbalna of the pros and cons of the different humanitarian crisis of displaced engaged a cross-section of society in scenarios led to further community people living in Gaza. discussions on the shape of a future discussions. Some 70 key participants state. In the first half of 2014, seven included high-ranking representatives • Mustakbalna continued to create workshops across the West Bank and from all political parties, members opportunities for political factions to Gaza brought experts and politicians of Parliament, ex-detainees and civil come together to discuss key issues. At from across the political spectrum society members. Palestinians from two December workshops in Hebron together with the Mustakbalna Jenin, Hebron, Ramallah, Nablus, and Jenin, for example, politicians working groups. The discussions the areas of 1948, and Gaza joined from all parties joined members of provided participants, especially through video conferencing. Mustakbalna working groups to youth, with more clarity and opened address media incitement between • As the July assault on Gaza the possibility for them to consider Hamas and Fatah, the larger political affected working group members, different scenarios. situation, diplomatic efforts and the Mustakbalna provided a space for stalled construction in Gaza. • In light of rising attention to the them to deal with the crisis. They international recognition of the state came together to conduct joint of Palestine, it became important outreach but also to process the losses to identify points of convergence they and their families were suffering.

32 2014 HIGHLIGHTS CYPRUS

Using new tools to gauge people’s priorities and move toward reconciliation

The Cyprus conflict remains one of the longest-lasting, unresolved issues of the international community. Since 1977, the negotiations for a bi-zonal, two-community federation have been the basis for a settlement. Should these negotiations be successfully concluded, the Greek-Cypriot community in the south and Turkish-Cypriot community in the north will be called upon to ratify the agreement through simultaneous and separate referenda on both sides of the Green Line.

Yet, what has been passed as a © SEED Cypriot-led process over the past four years falls short of the participatory ideal it promised. It has alienated and Reconciliation (SCORE) Index. “The U.S. government is very people, limiting the leaders’ scope for It also captures social and political proud to have supported the negotiation as political compromises trends between and within the two creation of the SCORE. There remain a hard sell to a skeptical public. communities in Cyprus over time. is no substitute for informed debate, particularly on an issue The gap is not limited to Cypriot Highlights in 2014: communities and their authorities; there of such burning relevance for are also deep ideological rifts between SeeD contributed to regional the people of Cyprus and of various segments of society and within peacebuilding by creating a six-country such significance for regional the respective communities. As a result, consortium of think tanks to promote developments as a Cyprus many issues are taboo, including the dialogue on energy cooperation and settlement.” sustainable development in the Eastern subject of reconciliation, and there is – U.S. Ambassador to Cyprus, currently little space to address them. Mediterranean; SeeD’s expert policy John Koenig analysis and briefs were used by key Interpeace’s partner in Cyprus is the actors in the Cyprus peace process; Center for Sustainable Peace and and SeeD was invited to implement Democratic Development (SeeD), the the SCORE Index in Nepal in order to country’s first bi-communal think tank. produce policy recommendations for Our joint programme consists of two consideration by Nepal’s Ministry of main lines of work: Peace and Reconstruction. • First is participatory polling, in which people take part in designing the surveys and interpreting the data. The process enables the voices of ordinary citizens to be heard and considered by the negotiators – and enables SeeD to gauge public priorities and analyze which policy options might be part of a comprehensive settlement in Cyprus. • The second line of work measures the impact of peacebuilding activities through the use of the Social Cohesion

33 ISRAEL

Reaching out to diverse groups to discuss a common vision

Decades of violence and failed peace Israeli population. B4D engages with “What people do not realize is initiatives have left public opinion people who are in mid-level leadership that we have to be with those within Israel sharply divided on key position, meaning that they have who lost the path to peace and issues related to peace. In addition, influence with their leaders and with hold their hands even tighter most peace initiatives have focused on the grassroots and may assume top than we do anyone else.” those in Israel who are already part of leadership in the future. – Adina Bar Shalom, ultra-Orthodox the peace camp. If a future accord is Through the BD4 programme, community leader, founder of the to bring lasting peace, it is essential to the ultra-Orthodox community, Haredi College for women and bring sidelined groups into the peace recipient of the 2014 Israel Prize Palestinian-Arab citizens of Israel, and process. the Russian-speaking community have The overall goal of Interpeace’s become constructive change agents programme in Israel, Base for within their communities. Discussion (B4D), is to address this gap Recently, BD4 has created a space in by contributing to the development of a which the three communities interact common vision for peace within Israeli and discuss their visions for peace. Now society. Since 2004, the programme has B4D is starting to engage with the been facilitating discussions on possible influential traditional right wing, from scenarios for a peaceful resolution to political figures and community leaders the conflict with key sectors of Israeli to pro-settlers and average voters. The society. These are groups who have programme is also beginning to reach been excluded from peace efforts, but out to religious Zionists. It is hoped nonetheless have a stake in making that broader participation can lay or breaking the peace. They include the groundwork for seeking common Palestinian-Arab citizens of Israel, the positions on the country’s vision for ultra-Orthodox community and the peace. Russian-speaking population. Together they represent more than half of the

David Glass, an influential figure in Israeli politics and religious affairs, passed away in August 2014. Interpeace greatly appreciates the insights and support he provided the programme over the years. © PANOS PICTURES

34 2014 HIGHLIGHTS TIMOR-LESTE

Involving citizens in demanding good governance and building trust

Since its independence from Indonesia in 1999, Timor-Leste has faced successive political crises and cycles of violence. These crises reflect a deep divide between citizens and the government authorities, a plague of corruption and nepotism, and widespread poverty and unemployment, especially for youth. Recurrent tensions between armed forces and a weak under-resourced judicial sector offer little in the way of stability or resolution of local conflicts such as land disputes, and decision-making is dominated by an elite based in the capital, Dili. As Timor-Leste launches a decentralization process, political analysts fear that

patronage will extend even further, © STEVE TICKNER FOR INTERPEACE making it more difficult to combat. Interpeace and its partner, the Centre of Studies for Peace and Development based activities. The Peace Houses “We can’t keep thinking of (CEPAD), have been supporting were created at the request of local obstacles [to peace], of how peacebuilding in Timor-Leste through communities, who also run them. difficult this is. It’s time to start a joint programme since 2007. After The important role of the Peace talking about what makes us conducting a nationwide consultation Houses is recognized by high-level strong.” leaders such as former President that identified corruption as one of – Jose Guterres, the National the major challenges impeding lasting Ramos Horta and the Prime Minister, Directorate of Peacebuilding and peace, the programme created an whose Civil Society fund supported Social Cohesion, Ministry of Social advocacy coalition to press for legislative the construction of the fifth one in the Solidarity at a CEPAD meeting and policy reform. Called the Group district of Manufahi. on Frameworks for Assessing Resilience. Promoting Change, it includes leaders • Launched a civic education campaign in academia, civil society, the Catholic and citizen action networks on Church, the press, the judiciary and the the negative effects of corruption, framework, stronger control systems armed forces. It is complemented by collusion and nepotism in and regulation of political parties. programme efforts to raise the voice of collaboration with FOTI Timor-Leste, The GPC was invited by the citizens in support of reform. a USAID funded anti-corruption President of Timor-Leste and the project. It reached a significant Timor-Leste is also one of the three President of Parliament to work with milestone in February 2014 when countries where Interpeace is piloting parliamentarians to draft a more the Ministry of Education agreed Frameworks for Assessing Resilience comprehensive anti-corruption law. (FAR), a programme that looks at a to incorporate the storybook, Baino country’s capacities for resilience in & Binoi, which was part of the pursuit of peace. campaign materials, into the national curriculum. In 2014, the programme: • Advanced policy reform through • Began to construct the country’s the Group Promoting Change fifth Peace House, a neutral space (GPC), which is advocating for an for dialogue and community- improved anti-corruption legislative

35 ON THE HORIZON: PROGRAMME DEVELOPMENT

Creating a culture In 2014, Interpeace undertook strategic COLOMBIA operational assignments in Colombia, After the launch of formal peace of inclusion and Myanmar and the Middle East and talks in November 2012 in Havana, North Africa. We also continue to showing that Cuba, between the Colombian monitor political developments in Government and the Colombian rebel everyone has a role several countries in Africa, Asia and group Revolutionary Armed Forces Europe and the Middle East and North to play in building of Colombia (FARC), there has been Africa to assess whether Interpeace steady progress towards a comprehensive peace could help lay the foundation for more peace deal to conclude over five decades peaceful societies in those places. of conflict in the country. While issues such as the proliferation of paramilitary MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH groups and criminal activity remain AFRICA outside the scope of the peace talks, several concessions made by both sides The tremors of the Arab Spring continue have created a new sense of hope that to shape the region’s socio-political the current peace talks might well be outlook, with Tunisia as the exception successful. of peaceful political transition in a region defined by political polarization, Towards the end of 2014 and in early recurring clashes and worsening levels 2015, Interpeace carried out research of violence. Looking ahead, the role of and organized an initial exploratory the international community will be mission to Colombia. The team sought critical to the region’s efforts to effect to deepen Interpeace’s understanding stable transitions. Rushed institutional of the local dynamics and to explore milestones, however, will need to be how its approach could help lay the replaced by wide-reaching societal foundation for a robust peacebuilding dialogue processes. Only by addressing process in synergy with other local populations’ socioeconomic institutions involved in post-conflict grievances can the region move beyond assistance. the dynamics of conflict. In 2014 Interpeace continued to explore options for engagement in the region, monitoring developments and producing research and analysis of the changing dynamics. An analytical paper on the Tunisian political transition, for example, provided strategic input to several missions to that country to assess the situation and to identify opportunities for an Interpeace initiative there.

36 2014 HIGHLIGHTS

MYANMAR Ceasefire negotiations between the Government and rebel groups dominated Myanmar’s political landscape in 2014. While democratic reforms have made impressive progress since the opening of the country in 2011, the upcoming elections have for the moment overshadowed the democratization process. In late 2014, the authorities’ commitment to reform was called into question in view of the slipping deadline for a national ceasefire and the shrinking likelihood of key constitutional amendments before the late-2015 elections. Responding to a growing number of © DAVID MAGNUSSON FOR INTERPEACE requests by our donors and local and international organizations, Interpeace deployed a team to Myanmar in two SWEDEN and diverse environment. This gap in missions in late 2013 and 2014. The perception has become an obstacle to As Europe has become more diverse aim was to gain greater understanding social cohesion. over the last decades, dynamics of of the complex socio-political dynamics social, economic, and political exclusion In 2014, we launched a pilot project to and the peacebuilding needs. Interpeace have taken hold, resulting in grievances explore whether Interpeace’s approach continues to explore opportunities to and, at times, violent unrest in London, could be useful in addressing the strengthen local capacities to build Paris, and recently, Stockholm. emerging tensions in the suburbs sustainable peace, and will closely The district of Tensta, a suburb of of Stockholm. The project engaged monitor the peace process as well as Stockholm that is home to a large residents and members of local political developments during the number of immigrants, experienced government and civil society in a presidential elections. social unrest and protests in 2012 and process to better understand the 2013. Young people took an active part, sources of tension and identify options demanding that their voices be heard. to address them. Following positive feedback, Interpeace is exploring These incidents brought to light a long-term programming aimed at significant gap between people with contributing to a culture of dialogue an immigrant background and other based on participation and inclusion. Swedes. Many perceive Tensta as one of It will seek to involve youth and other the most dangerous areas in the country, marginalized groups in defining a better and it is often portrayed negatively in future. the media. Its residents, however, are proud to live in such a multicultural

37 INTERNATIONAL PEACEBUILDING ADVISORY TEAM (IPAT)

Enhancing the impact of international and national peacebuilders

Interpeace created its International for enhancing social and political “The IPAT adviser created an Peacebuilding Advisory Team (IPAT) in cohesion across the Islands. IPAT excellent atmosphere for critical response to an increasing demand from advised on multi-stakeholder reflection and analysis, while governments and international agencies approaches and a possible national keeping an eye on the required for technical assistance and advice. dialogue process. end result and the way forward. IPAT advisers draw on Interpeace’s This resulted in well-balanced • Central African Republic: IPAT approach to help peacebuilders apply discussions... Having someone advised the French Ministry new skills and insights and broaden the who is both an expert in the field of Foreign Affairs on potential quality of their engagement. we are working in, and a very peacebuilding initiatives through experienced facilitator of such In 2014, IPAT engaged in a number of consultations with government, civil planning processes, proved to advisory and capacity-strengthening society and international organizations be of great added value.” initiatives with United Nations agencies, as well as mapping the conflict foundations, national governments and dynamics and actors. – Focal point for the regional Great local organizations. Lakes programme, Government of • Ukraine: IPAT conducted two the Netherlands • Papua New Guinea: The UN missions with Brussels-based Country Team and Peacebuilding mediatEUr and the Kiev-based • Conflict analysis and leadership Support Office engaged IPAT to International Center for Policy Studies dialogue – for the Joint UNDP/DPA provide guidance on conducting a on implementing a national dialogue Programme on Building National broad-based, participatory Peace and process. We consulted with a range Capacities for Conflict Prevention. Development Analysis under the of government and civil society auspices of the Government of Papua actors and advised on the design and • Effective advising in complex and New Guinea and the Autonomous facilitation of two workshops in Kiev fragile situations – a pilot course Bougainville Government. and Kharkiv, bringing together a for technical experts (civilian or group of actors to discuss dialogue uniformed) supporting public sector • Egypt: IPAT provided technical opportunities in Ukraine. reform. advice on designing a youth project on democratization and reconciliation • Great Lakes region: IPAT supported • Enhancing leadership for in Egypt carried out jointly by the the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs peacebuilding – an annual senior- MADA Foundation and Cairo in developing its regional strategy. level peacebuilding course given in University. This included advisory support and a collaboration with the Geneva Centre workshop for senior staff from Dutch for Security Policy (GCSP) on behalf • Ethiopia: IPAT supported the embassies in the Democratic Republic of the Swiss Federal Department of analysis of the relationship between of Congo, Burundi, Rwanda and Foreign Affairs and with the support violence, conflict and the educational Uganda. of UNITAR. sector in four regional states under its partnership with UNICEF and • Kenya: IPAT advised the National • Conflict sensitivity – a reflective in collaboration with the Ministry Cohesion and Integration learning event based on a scenario of Education, and the University Commission on its dialogue and of a significant influx of refugees of Addis Ababa Centre for Federal reconciliation work in northern in a fragile and highly politicized Studies. This also included advising on Kenya and facilitated workshops to environment for staff of the field-based research and analysis. support the design of a pilot process Netherlands Ministry of Foreign to promote equal opportunity and Affairs. • Comoros Islands: IPAT supported peaceful co-existence between ethnic UNDP’s peacebuilding programme communities in Mandera County. through consultations with governmental and civil society actors IPAT also led a range of customized and exploring local perceptions on courses and facilitated dialogues on such the challenges and the opportunities topics as:

38 2014 HIGHLIGHTS © FRANÇOIS WAVRE FOR INTERPEACE © IPAT

STRATEGIC ADVISING CAPACITY STRENGTHENING IPAT’s Annual Courses are highly interactive and incorporate participants’ Working hand in hand with each client IPAT provides training to enhance specific practical challenges. Courses to address their specific needs, IPAT’s the ability of teams and individuals to include: advisers support the development of engage effectively in their peacebuilding peacebuilding strategies, policies, and roles. Through our approach to reflective • Effective Advising in Peacebuilding processes. We provide: learning, both our annual courses and Contexts equips advisers working in customized workshops are designed to a range of contexts by honing skills • Guidance to help clients take forward help participants: in interaction and navigating the their peacebuilding initiatives. broader political and institutional • Deepen their awareness of critical • Technical assistance in designing and environments in which they operate. issues such as the value of multi- carrying out a range of activities. stakeholder processes; the role of • Enhancing Leadership for Peacebuilding • Accompaniment throughout the cycle emotional and relational aspects of is a five-day course in which current from assessment to implementation peacebuilding; and the importance of and potential leaders enhance by providing guidance and assistance gaining broad-based support through their understanding of sustainable when and where it is needed. an inclusive national process. peacebuilding and leadership styles. Examples include support to design and • Strengthen their skills to address these IPAT’s Customized Learning Events are carry out: issues, for example, how to close the designed in close cooperation with the gap between external analysis and Participatory Conflict Analyses • Peace needs and goals of our clients. local experience. and Development Analyses • Post- Customized Diplomatic Training Conflict Needs Assessments • National • Improve their know-how to bring Courses • Increasing the Ability and Regional Peacebuilding Strategies together knowledge and skills to to Work with Conflict-Sensitivity • Reconciliation Processes • Social engage in a more strategic and • Participatory Assessment Skills Cohesion Dialogues • Constitution- effective manner. • Peacebuilding Dialogue Skills • making Processes • Strategic Design Planning for Local Ownership and Planning

39 FRAMEWORKS FOR ASSESSING RESILIENCE

FAR is a global programme that looks at a country's capacities for resilience in pursuit of peace

In 2014, Interpeace launched the of resilience in their society. The aim is “When talking about actions Frameworks for Assessing Resilience not just to identify existing capacities taken to face difficult situations, (FAR) programme in the context of a people use to cope with violence, but people do not view this as growing international awareness of the to capture ways people assess their resilience. They talk instead need to better assess and address the key resilience as an alternative to top- of resistance, dignity and sources of fragility and resilience within down approaches. Rooting assessment combativeness.” fragile countries. processes in the perspectives and – FAR researcher, Guatemala experiences of those being assessed Governments, the societies they serve, will provide a stronger foundation for and the international community have peacebuilding. In this way, FAR seeks understood by communities and been asking such questions as: What to complement efforts to measure and individuals. In Liberia, the worsening makes societies fragile and prone to compare resilience across societies, such of the Ebola epidemic led Interpeace violent conflict as opposed to resilient as that of the International Dialogue and its partner, P4DP, to reorient the and able to respond creatively to conflict on Peacebuilding and Statebuilding focus on how the crisis interacted and crisis? How do some societies steer (IDPS). with longer-term issues of conflict social change in ways that foster shared and violence and to revise methods of benefits of peace and development? In 2014, the programme: consultation in response to health and What constitutes progress on the path • Implemented consultation processes security risks. to greater resilience – and lasting peace in Timor-Leste, Guatemala and – for both states and societies? • Presented the findings from the Liberia. Following a mapping phase consultation phase to national Interpeace’s FAR programme operates to identify key actors, areas of conflict stakeholders in Timor-Leste and in Timor-Leste, Guatemala and Liberia. and elements of resilience from April Guatemala. Representatives from We use participatory and inclusive to June, Interpeace’s country partners all sectors of society came together processes to engage a wide range of undertook a broad consultation to review and validate the factors of stakeholders in discussing the factors process to learn how resilience is resilience that had been identified during the nationwide focus group discussions and key informant interviews. They also did some planning for the FAR programme’s second phase, which is to develop concrete strategies to strengthen resilience for building peace. • Designed a survey to supplement the qualitative data from the consultations with quantitative data. Each survey will collect data from a randomly selected group of people using rigorous statistical methods to assess trends, compare results between different population groups, and identify relationships among variables. Designed together with the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Interpeace’s partners in the pilot countries and national stakeholders, the survey will be rolled out in Guatemala and

40 2014 HIGHLIGHTS

• Shared the programme’s approach to • Resilience to violent conflict is often resilience in key global processes and implicit, revealed only in times of international forums. These included crisis or evidenced by the lack of an Expert Group Roundtable on such violence. It is thus all the more Resilience in New York (which we important to bring existing capacities co-hosted with UNDP, UNICEF to light in fragile societies and to and the Rockefeller Foundation) and provide individuals, communities a presentation at a two-day strategic and institutions with incentives and workshop with Humanity United. conditions to enhance these capacities. We advocated for a more systematic Such a process will not only help representation of civil society actors prevent violent conflict but also help in the International Dialogue on them better respond to external Peacebuilding and Statebuilding shocks. (IDPS) and also in the country-level • An increasing number of international implementation of the New Deal peacebuilding initiatives aim to for Engagement in Fragile States. strengthen resilience in conflict- Interpeace also took part in the Civil affected societies and fragile states. Society Platform on Peacebuilding However, FAR findings show that and Statebuilding (CSPPS) as a not all manifestations of resilience member of the executive committee. are benevolent: coping mechanisms can also be negative. In the three INITIAL FINDINGS FAR programme countries, the phenomenon of youth and criminal • Developed in the fields of engineering, gangs has been observed as a response ecology and psychology, the concept to youth marginalization. In other of resilience has more recently words, their exclusion from society been applied in humanitarian is a factor leading them to forge fields. The initial FAR research, alternative places of belonging and however, indicates that the ways in livelihoods. The systems of patronage which resilience is applied in these and corruption that often become fields are not always applicable to entrenched in state structures and peacebuilding. In disaster recovery, embedded in relationships to the for example, resilience is seen as the state are another example of negative capacities that enable communities resilience. This more nuanced to respond to external shocks such as understanding of resilience presents floods or earthquakes. Violent conflict, additional challenges for how on the other hand, is often rooted peacebuilders relate to resilience as an in more internal or human-made organizing principle. processes and social behaviour. In fact, the solidarity and socio-political cohesion that is critical to resilient recovery from humanitarian or natural disasters is itself the primary casualty of violent conflict. The damage wrought by violent conflict rends the social fabric, decimating trust between people and between society and the state.

41 PUBLICATIONS AND RESOURCES

GLOBAL ENGAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATIONS AT INTERPEACE In 2014, Interpeace developed its first-ever communications strategy, a process involving extensive consultations with staff, Interpeace partners, members of the Interpeace Governing Council, Advisory Council and our donors. Expert communication advice was provided by an international communications and leadership consulting firm. Our Global Engagement and Communications team was operationalized as per the strategy, which includes communications Officers/Focal points in each of Interpeace’s regional offices.

GLOBAL LEARNING AT INTERPEACE used by Interpeace programmes such The second case study, “An Innovation as participatory polling, Participatory to Engage People in Peace Processes: Interpeace’s Global Learning Team was Action Research and creating a Local Reflections from Cyprus,” explores created in late 2013 to foster cross- Governance Barometer and various the practice of participatory polling in institutional sharing and learning about technologies for peace. which the general public is consulted our work and to promote reflection on policy issues. Mediation efforts Peacebuilding in Practice is a series of on Interpeace’s rich peacebuilding have failed because they have not taken publications produced by Interpeace in experience. In 2014, the team, located into account public opinion in the two which we share innovations from our in Geneva and in Interpeace’s regional communities, the Turkish Cypriots and peacebuilding programmes worldwide. offices, worked with staff to document the Greek Cypriots. This tool, which important programme results to be The first case study, “Influential ultra- was implemented by Interpeace’s partner shared internally and externally, for Orthodox Women Are Change Agents in Cyprus, the Center for Sustainable example, through our Peacebuilding for Peace,” discusses how Interpeace’s Peace and Democratic Development in Practice series. Interpeace’s renewed partners in Israel, Base for Discussion (SeeD), allows decision-makers to emphasis on learning is also illustrated (B4D), reached out to one of the groups identify the issues citizens consider most by the regular training sessions that often overlooked in the peace process salient. The poll results thus serve as a were organized for staff and partners. despite their potential to make or break basis for public dialogue and the policy- In 2014 these included: a training on the peace. Some of the most contentious making process. This case study also Participatory Action Research (PAR) for issues in the peace negotiation (such shows that participatory polling can be six partner teams and 13 civil society as the status of the holy sites) have applied in diverse contexts. organizations in the Great Lakes region; religious implications, thus involving Additional Peacebuilding in Practice finance trainings for staff and partners this community is vital for reaching a issues are in progress. in Nairobi, Abidjan and Bamako; and solution to the conflict. The case study audio-visual research training for teams testifies to the need to go beyond the in Mali, Côte d’Ivoire and the Great political level to engage key societal Lakes region. In addition learning groups. workshops were held on key tools

42 2014 HIGHLIGHTS

Interpeace’s Youth Programme “Illopango, One Year Later” analyzes CONSTITUTION-MAKING produced two cases studies on work in the changes that happened in Ilopango AND REFORM El Salvador: after it was declared a “town free of Constitution-making and Reform: violence.” It was the first town to join “Santa Tecla: A Fertile Ground to Options for the Process is a how-to the transformation process that was Reduce Violence” is about one of guide for constitution-makers around started by the truce between the two the communities that have declared the world. It contains comprehensive major gangs in El Salvador in March themselves violence-free. This case study discussions about risks, opportunities, 2012. investigates the prevention efforts that and options for each phase and step in a were undertaken by various actors to constitution-making process. More than reduce violence in the community. 120 practitioners and experts with first- hand field experience contributed to the handbook, which consists of over 100 case studies. This seminal work is now in Arabic, English, French, Vietnamese and soon to be in Ukrainian and Russian. By Michele Brandt, Jill Cottrell, Yash Ghai, Anthony Regan. More resources on constitution- making, including our in-depth Guidance series, are available at constitutionmakingforpeace.org

43 MARKING 20 YEARS OF BUILDING PEACE

In 2014, Interpeace celebrated two youth, on sports clubs as a hope for parties.” The debate was important, decades of peacebuilding around community building and violence he explained, “because military the world through a series of events reduction in Honduras. interventions after September 11th are and an anniversary journal featuring polarizing the world and provoking a In the second edition: an article Interpeace’s work to reduce and prevent wider discussion about what it takes to by Francisco Jiménez Irungaray on violent conflict. Below are some build more peaceful societies.” the relationship between the armed highlights. forces and the people in Guatemala Speaking in favour of the motion were and the region; an interview with Dr. Rubén Zamora, Ambassador of El AN ANNIVERSARY JOURNAL Adam Blackwell of the Organization Salvador to the United Nations, New of American States (OAS) on a more York and Philip Wilkinson, retired holistic approach to security; and an Colonel in the British Army. Speaking article by Scott M. Weber, Director- against the motion were Oliver Kamm, General of Interpeace, analyzing the leader writer and columnist for The efforts that have been undertaken Times of London and Prof. Colleen to reduce youth violence in Central Graffy, former United States Deputy America and the need to unlock the Assistant Secretary of State for Public potential of youth as positive change Diplomacy. agents in their societies. The audience had the chance to vote In the third edition: an article by Necla on the motion before and after the Tschirgi, Professor of Practice, Human debate. Before, 60% were in favour of Security and Peacebuilding at the the motion, 20% were against and 20% University of San Diego and member were undecided. After listening to the of the Interpeace Governing Council, arguments, 61% of the audience voted reviews major shifts in peacebuilding for the motion, 29% against, and 10% over the past two decades and the remained undecided. lessons learned that have become the The debate aimed to provoke a guiding principles of Interpeace; an productive discussion about why article by Otto Argueta and Arnoldo we need alternatives to military Gálvez on Interpeace’s contribution to intervention. “The nature of conflicts Interpeace’s regional office in Latin the process of violence reduction in El is still evolving,” said Matthias Stiefel, America produced an anniversary Salvador; and an interview with Max founder of Interpeace, “and we have journal highlighting its work in the Loria, former Vice-Minister for Peace to find new solutions and constantly region. They are available in English and of Costa Rica, on the importance of rethink how we can respond to in Spanish on Interpeace’s website. the participatory processes to reduce challenges.” violence among youth. In the first edition: an interview with Edelberto Torres Rivas, sociologist AN EVENING OF REFLECTION A THOUGHT-PROVOKING and former Interpeace director, on AND APPRECIATION the value of dialogue in achieving DEBATE sustainable peace in Guatemala; an In Nairobi, Kenya, Interpeace hosted a In November, Interpeace hosted an article by Bernardo Arévalo de León, reception in conjunction with a meeting evening of debate with Intelligence peacebuilding expert and former of Interpeace’s Governing Council to Squared, the world’s premier debating Interpeace director for Latin America, celebrate 20 years of peacebuilding that forum. Scott M. Weber, Director- on transforming security institutions included testimonials from Interpeace’s General of Interpeace, moderated a in Guatemala; and an article by partners working in the Eastern and discussion on the motion: “Cancel the Isabel Aguilar Umaña, who directs Central Africa Region. cruise missiles: military intervention Interpeace’s work on Central American cannot build peace between warring

44 2014 HIGHLIGHTS PEACE DAY 2014

PEACE DAY 2014 Interpeace uses the International Day of Peace – celebrated every year on 21 September – to raise awareness on the need for peace and the role each individual can play in promoting peace. “Peace Day,” as it is more commonly known, was established in 1981 by a United Nations General Assembly resolution. In 2002, the General Assembly unanimously adopted a second resolution establishing it as an annual day of non-violence and cease-fire. In 2014, Interpeace marked Peace Day with conferences and events across the globe highlighting successful peacebuilding approaches. © ARMANDO GARCÍA FOR INTERPEACE

GENEVA PEACE TALKS

On 19 September 2014, Interpeace Other Peace Day events organized by • In Honduras, as a part of ongoing organized the second edition of the Interpeace and its partners included: efforts to reduce youth violence, Geneva Peace Talks in partnership with Interpeace's Latin America team, • In Geneva - For the third year, the United Nations Office at Geneva with the support of the Berghof Interpeace teamed up with the and the Geneva Peacebuilding Platform. Foundation, brought members of two Services Industriels de Genève to Speakers from conflict areas and divided rival football clubs together to discuss illuminate Geneva’s most prominent environments as well as from the fields their role in violence prevention and landmark, the Jet d’Eau, in blue to of science, art, and business addressed peacebuilding. During the football honour Peace Day. the theme “Let’s Talk Peace!” They games, members from both clubs held shared their personal stories of peace • In Cyprus, our partner, the Centre a huge banner with a call for peace. and how communications tools and for Sustainable Peace and Democratic • In Mali, the fact that Peace Day techniques have made a difference Development (SeeD), supported falls the day before the country’s in their peacebuilding efforts, from a series of events organized by the Independence Day provided a peace negotiations to discussions with Association for Historical Dialogue chance to give it national visibility. perpetrators of violence. The event and Research. This included dance Interpeace’s Malian partner, the took place at the Palais des Nations, performances, music shows, and other Malian Institute of Action Research the UN headquarters in Geneva, with artistic activities that transformed the for Peace (IMRAP), organized a series over 700 people in attendance, and was Buffer Zone into a celebration of peace of events under the theme “Dialogue webcast live. (The talks can be viewed at and mobilized Cypriots to support for Peace.” Activities included a radio peacetalks.net in English and French.) local peace initiatives. programme by Studio Tamani and an evening of music organized with the Tumast Cultural Center.

45 • In Juba, in the Somali region, the community celebrated Peace Day in the port city of Kismayo, a milestone after years of open conflict. Cultural dances were a reminder of a shared Somali heritage, local and regional officials led a marathon for peace, and the first football tournament since the civil war gave spectators something to cheer about. • In Puntland, our partner, the Puntland Development Research Centre (PDRC), organized a forum on the “Right to Peace” in which the President of Puntland, together with elders, emphasized the importance of putting a stop to ongoing conflicts. A panel discussion on the right to peace and on peace in the Somali tradition was broadcast on local media. © FRANÇOIS WAVRE FOR INTERPEACE

46 OUR SUPPORT AND FUNDING

Our Funding Our Donors 2014 Financial Report

47 OUR FUNDING

Funding from our Interpeace receives funding support from governments, the European donors makes Union, the United Nations, it possible for foundations, the private sector and us to pursue individuals. In 2014, Interpeace income was our mission of US$23.8 million. US$17.7 million was enabling societies for specific projects (restricted funding) and US$6.1 million was unrestricted to build peace funding. Interpeace received both restricted funding (which is limited either by region, programme or specific earmarking within a programme) and unrestricted support (which goes toward the organization’s programme of work without restriction as to its use). Both types of funding are vital to Interpeace’s ability to pursue its mission. Interpeace not only reaches out to different sectors of society in its peacebuilding programmes, but also tries to involve a wide range of actors in supporting peacebuilding. For example, Interpeace and Mirabaud & Cie, banquiers privés, a Geneva-based private bank, have a partnership which gives people an opportunity to invest in emerging markets while supporting peacebuilding work in conflict-affected countries. This partnership is an example of how the private sector can play a role in making the world a safer place.

48 OUR DONORS

Interpeace is In addition to individuals, the following FOUNDATIONS AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS very grateful to donors supported Interpeace in 2014. Adessium Foundation our donors for GOVERNMENTS Berghof Foundation their support and AND MULTILATERAL ORGANIZATIONS Brownington Foundation partnership International Development Research Swedish Postcode Lottery through the Centre of Canada (IDRC) Swedish Postcode Foundation Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark United States Institute of Peace (USIP) European Union CORPORATE AND OTHER Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Finland DONATIONS Ministry of Foreign Affairs of France T3 Risk Management SA Federal Foreign Office of Germany Mirabaud & Cie, banquiers privés German Institute of Foreign Relations Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Ireland Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Norway State of Qatar Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden Federal Department of Foreign Affairs of Switzerland Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID) United Kingdom Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) United Nations Democracy Fund (UNDEF) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)

49 LETTER FROM THE AUDITORS

KPMG SA Audit Western Switzerland 111 Rue de Lyon P.O. Box 347 Telephone +41 58 249 25 15 CH-1203 Geneva CH-1211 Geneva 13 Fax +41 58 249 25 13 Internet www.kpmg.ch

Report of the Independent Auditor on the Consolidated Summary Financial Statements of

International Peacebuilding Alliance (INTERPEACE), Geneva

The enclosed consolidated summary financial statements of International Peacebuilding Alliance (INTERPEACE), which comprise the consolidated statement of comprehensive income, balance sheet, statement of cash flows, statement of changes in equity and explanatory note are derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of International Peacebuilding Alliance (INTERPEACE) for the year ended 31 December 2014. We expressed an unqualified audit opinion on these consolidated financial statements in our report dated 8 June 2015.

The consolidated summary financial statements do not contain all the disclosures required by the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Therefore, reading the consolidated summary financial statements is not a substitute for reading the audited financial statements of International Peacebuilding Alliance (INTERPEACE) as a whole.

Governing Councils’ Responsibility The Governing Council is responsible for the preparation of the consolidated summary financial statements in accordance with the basis of preparation described in note 1.

Auditor’s Responsibility Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the consolidated summary financial statements based on our procedures, which were conducted in accordance with International Standard on Auditing (ISA) 810, “Engagements to Report on Summary Financial Statements.”

Opinion In our opinion, the consolidated summary financial statements derived from the consolidated audited financial statements of International Peacebuilding Alliance (INTERPEACE) for the year ended 31 December 2014 are consistent, in all material respects, with those consolidated financial statements, in accordance with the basis of preparation described in note 1.

KPMG SA

Hélène Béguin Karina Vartanova Licensed Audit Expert Licensed Audit Expert

Geneva, 8 June 2015

Enclosures: - Consolidated summary financial statements (statement of comprehensive income, balance sheet, statement of cash flows, statement of changes in equity and explanatory note)

KPMG AG/SA, a Swiss corporation, is a subsidiary of KPMG Holding AG/SA, which is a member of the KPMG network of independent firms affiliated with KPMG International Member of EXPERTsuisse Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss legal entity.

50 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CALENDAR YEAR 2014 (IN US DOLLARS)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 2014 2013 BALANCE SHEET INCOME US$ US$ ASSETS 2014 2013

United Nations 369 992 375 082 Non Current Assets Governments 22 279 510 20 083 197 Property, Plant and Equipment 87 224 49 744 Trusts & Foundations, Deposits 46 546 90 182 NGO and Other 1 162 100 769 055 Donor Income Receivable 13 943 639 11 570 020 TOTAL INCOME 23 811 602 21 227 334 Current Assets Deposits 49 626 3 546 EXPENSES Advances to UN 357 414 160 374 Personnel (incl. consultants) 14 209 128 12 981 647 Advances to Partners 460 235 405 490 Travel and Related Expenses 3 206 600 2 951 318 Donor Income Receivable 13 008 538 14 695 329 Equipment Purchases 1 352 790 804 768 Other Receivables Depreciation 35 959 46 207 and Prepayments 419 724 149 978 Office, Communications, 2 599 893 2 295 598 Cash and Cash Equivalents 12 559 484 11 179 951 Vehicle and Finance Workshops, Reporting and TOTAL ASSETS 40 932 430 38 304 614 2 367 546 1 782 080 Professional Services UN Management Fees 99 152 70 709 LIABILITIES AND RESERVES TOTAL EXPENSES 23 871 068 20 932 327 Non Current Liabilities Finance (costs)/gains (779 248) 24 193 Provisions 46 075 39 150 Other Comprehensive Employee Benefits 995 860 616 073 (loss)/income (354 027) 102 730 Deferred Income 13 943 639 11 570 020 Net (loss/income) (1 192 741) 421 930 Current Liabilities Carryforward from 1 977 637 1 555 707 Deferred Income 22 765 813 22 642 999 Previous Year Amounts due to Partners 386 978 265 045 CLOSING BALANCE 31ST DECEMBER 784 896 1 977 637 Income to be Repaid to Donors 908 808 59 253 Payables and Accruals 1 100 361 1 134 437 TOTAL LIABILITIES 40 147 534 36 326 977

Unrestricted Reserves 784 896 1 977 637 TOTAL LIABILITIES AND RESERVES 40 932 430 38 304 614

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The consolidated summary financial statements are prepared using the same structured presentation and measurement basis but do not contain all disclosures required by International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).

51 CASH FLOW 2014 2013 UNRESTRICTED NET (LOSS)/INCOME (838 714) 319 200 FOR THE YEAR Cash flow from operating activities Adjustments for: Depreciation 35 959 46 207 Net finance costs / (income) 779 248 (24 193) (23 507) 341 214 Change in deposits (2 444) (7 085) Change in advances to UN (197 040) (66 586) Change in advances to partners (54 745) (271 279) Change in donor income receivable 51 313 2 341 650 Change in accounts receivable and prepayments (269 746) 146 721 Change in provisions and employee benefits (64 811) (28 838) Change in deferred income 1 758 292 6 515 085 Change in amount due to partners 121 933 (202 038) Change in Income to be repaid to donors 849 555 59 253 Change in accounts payable and accrued expenses 212 890 (147 413) NET CASH FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES 2 381 690 8 680 684

Cash flows from investing activities

Interest received 4 362 9 807 Acquisition of property plant and equipment (73 440) (34 545) NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES (69 078) (24 738)

Cash flows from financing activities

Borrowings 0 1 054 296 Borrowing repayments 0 (1 078 749) Interest paid (598) (769) NET CASH USED IN FINANCING ACTIVITIES (598) (25 222)

Net Increase / (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 2 312 014 8 630 724 Cash and cash equivalents at 1 January 11 179 951 2 464 161 Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash held (932 481) 85 066 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT 31 DECEMBER 12 559 484 11 179 951

52 CHANGES IN RESERVES 2014 2013

Interpeace Headquarters Interpeace Inc. Total Unrestricted Unrestricted Reserves Unrestricted Fund Reserves OPENING BALANCE 1,937,373 40,264 1,977,637 1,555,707 Unrestricted net (loss)/income for the year (837,431) (1,283) (838,714) 319,200 Items that will never be reclassified to profit or loss Remeasurements of defined benefit liability (451,523) 0 (451,523) 160,173 Items that are or may be reclassified to profit or loss Foreign currency translation differences 97,496 0 97,496 (57,443)

TOTAL OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) / INCOME (354,027) 0 (354,027) 102,730 TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS)/INCOME FOR THE YEAR (1,191,458) (1,283) (1,192,741) 421,930 CLOSING BALANCE 745,915 38,981 784,896 1,977,637

53 2014 EXPENSE SUMMARY $ Somalia Pillars of Peace 4,592,033 Somalia Youth 100,970 Somalia Juba Reconciliation 167,912 Somalia Leaders Retreat 56,640 Somalia President Policy Unit 977,323 Somalia Women (IIDA) 657,996 Somalia Mobile AV Unit 358,030 Somalia Democratisation 1,644,071 Rwanda 781,717 Burundi 617,878 Great Lakes 2,421,774 Guinea-Bissau 96,125 Liberia 52,270 Mali 2,674,446 Ivory Coast 57,559 Libya 415,790 Latin America Youth 364,214 Latin America Security and Justice 80,649 Latin America Conflict Transformation 31,021 Guatemala UICC Secondment 4,000 El Salvador Violence Reduction 265,561 Timor-Leste 94,930 Israel 475,323 Palestine 365,872 Cyprus 56,894 International Peacebuilding Advisory Team 1,358,002 Constitution Making 89,237 Peacebuilding Standing Team 131,631 Interpeace Sweden 459,535 Framework for Assessing Resilience 539,285 TOTAL PROJECT EXPENSES 19,988,688 Less Management Fees (1,037,240) Programme Support 1,442,507 TOTAL PROGRAMME 20,393,955

54 EXPENDITURE SUMMARY 2002-2014 (US$ MILLION)

28 25 26.1

22.8 23.8 20 20.9 20.0 18.2 16.2 15

13.3

10 10.1 9.9

7.1 5 6.2 4.7

0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015*

* Projected

56 OUR STRUCTURES AND PEOPLE

Our Governing Council Our Advisory Council Our Strategic Management Team Interpeace Representation Offices Partnerships

57 OUR GOVERNING COUNCIL

Interpeace’s Governing Council is the highest decision-making body of the organization

CHAIR VICE CHAIR John A. Kufuor Matthias Stiefel (Ghana) (Switzerland) Former President of Ghana; former Founder and former President of Chairperson of the African Union (AU); Interpeace former Chairperson of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)

HONORARY TREASURER Martin Aked (United Kingdom) Former Partner at PricewaterhouseCoopers and former International Treasurer of Médecins Sans Frontières

58 Alan Doss Oscar Fernandez-Taranco Monica McWilliams (United Kingdom) (Argentina) (Ireland) Executive Director at the Kofi Annan Representative of the United Nations Professor of Women’s Studies at the Foundation; Visiting Fellow at the Secretary-General on the Governing- University of Ulster; Member of Geneva Centre for Security Policy; former Council; Assistant Secretary-General the Northern Ireland Legislative Assembly Special Representative of the Secretary- for the United Nations Peacebuilding until 2003 and contributor to the peace General of the United Nations in the Support Office negotiations leading to the Good Democratic Republic of the Congo and in Friday Agreement Liberia

Martti Ahtisaari (Finland) Chairman Emeritus and Special Advisor Recipient of the 2008 Nobel Peace Prize; former President of Finland; Chairman of the Interpeace Governing Council from 2001 to 2009

Necla Tschirgi Claude Wild (Turkey) (Switzerland) Professor of Practice, Human Security and Representative of the Host Government on Peacebuilding at the Joan B. Kroc School the Governing Council; Head of Human of Peace Studies at the University of San Security Division, Federal Department of Diego; former Senior Policy Advisor to Foreign Affairs the Peacebuilding Support Office at the United Nations; former Vice President of the International Peace Academy PHOTOS © JOHN A. KUFUOR / OSCAR FERNANDEZ-TARANCO / CLAUDE WILD: FRANÇOIS WAVRE FOR INTERPEACE- ALAN DOSS / NECLA - MATTHIAS TSCHIRGI: STIEFEL / MARTIN DAVID MAGNUSSON AKED / MONICA FOR INTERPEACE MCWILLIAMS: JUOZAS CERNIUS FOR INTERPEACE

59 OUR ADVISORY COUNCIL

Interpeace’s CHAIR Advisory Council is Sweden - Ambassador Jan a multi-stakeholder Knutsson platform for debate Permanent Representative of Sweden to the United Nations in Geneva and discussion on France - Ambassador Jean-Marc key peacebuilding Châtaigner issues Deputy Director-General, Global Affairs, Development and Partnerships, French Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Guatemala - Ambassador Gert Rosenthal

Former Permanent Representative of Guatemala to the United Nations in New York

Netherlands - Joost Andriessen

Director of the Stabilisation and Humanitarian Aid Department, Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Tanzania - Ambassador Liberata Mulamula

Ambassador of Tanzania to the United States

United States - Karin von Hippel

Deputy Assistant Secretary for Overseas Operations, Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, United States Department of State

As of December 2014

60 OUR STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT TEAM

Interpeace’s SCOTT M. WEBER Strategic Director-General

Management Team RENÉE LARIVIÈRE is based around Deputy Director-General, Development and Learning the world, in accordance with JERRY MCCANN our decentralized Deputy Director-General, Operations structure ANNE MOLTES Acting Regional Director for West Africa

SARAH NOBLE Director of Global Engagement

MIKE PEJCIC Director of Administration and Chief Financial Officer

MAUD ROURE Head of Learning and Policy

JOHAN SVENSSON Regional Director for Eastern and Central Africa

ANA GLENDA TAGER ROSADO Regional Director for Latin America

61 INTERPEACE REPRESENTATION OFFICES

INTERPEACE EUROPE INTERPEACE SWEDEN The members of the Board of Interpeace Sweden include: Interpeace Europe is a non-profit Interpeace Sweden is a Swedish association based in Brussels. It fundraising foundation that supports Tord Magnuson, Chair represents the organization to the peacebuilding and the work of Scott M. Weber, Vice Chair European Union and other European- Interpeace worldwide. It was created based institutions. It also assists in in 2013 to generate awareness and Carin Götblad positioning Interpeace in European funding in Sweden through outreach Peter Elam Håkansson policy debates and in obtaining activities. In 2014, Interpeace Sweden political and financial support for its worked with Interpeace’s programme Magnus Kindstrand programmes worldwide. development team on a pilot initiative Krister Kumlin in the Stockholm suburb of Tensta in Interpeace Europe conducts important addition to outreach and awareness Johan Lundberg policy and early warning activities on activities. countries at risk, engaging with the Sarah Noble European External Action Service and A key highlight was the first-ever Interpeace Sweden has a 90 account the European Commission. Stockholm Peace Talks were held and is registered with the Swedish on 29 January 2015, at the Swedish The representative of Interpeace Europe Fundraising Council FRII. Parliament, which co-sponsored the is Nicolas Rougy. event. The talks sought to highlight Members of the Board of Interpeace the many ways in which people can INTERPEACE USA Europe include: play a more active role in creating Interpeace USA is an independent peace. It featured a diverse range of • Scott M. Weber, President; non-profit organization that positions speakers including Urban Ahlin, Interpeace in the United States and • Antje Herrberg, Co-Founder and Speaker of the Parliament; Jan Eliasson, mobilizes support for our peacebuilding CEO of mediatEUr; Deputy Secretary-General of the work. United Nations; Forest Whitaker, • Jan Vanheukelom, Senior Adviser at The Director of Interpeace USA is ECDPM. actor and humanist; Timbuktu, hip hop artist; Peter Wallensteen, Graeme Simpson. Interpeace Europe is established as an Professor of Peace and Conflict Interpeace USA is supported by the US AISBL according to Belgian Law. Studies at Uppsala University; Elaine Board of Governors: Weidman-Grunewald, Vice President of Sustainability and Corporate Giles Conway-Gordon Responsibility for the Ericsson Group; Jeffrey Lewis Ghaida Rinawie Zoabi, Executive Howard McMorris II Director, INJAZ; Deline Revend and Tomas Amanuel, young facilitators from Interpeace Inc. (USA) is registered with the Stockholm suburb of Tensta, as well the Internal Revenue Service as a as musical performances by LaGaylia 501(c)(3) organization. Frazier and Adam Tensta. The talks were moderated by Swedish journalist Willy Silberstein and attended by HRH the Crown Princess Victoria. The Peace Talks began in 2013 with the Geneva Peace Talks co-organized by the UN Office at Geneva, Interpeace and the Geneva Peacebuilding Platform. They are now being rolled out globally.

62 SPEAKERS PHOTOS EXCEPT LOWER RIGHT CORNER © OSKAR KULLANDER FOR INTERPEACE OSKAR KULLANDER © FOR CORNER RIGHT LOWER EXCEPT PHOTOS SPEAKERS

63 PARTNERSHIPS

BURUNDI ISRAEL SOMALI REGION Centre d’Alert et de Prévention des Center for Professional Arab Local Academy for Peace and Development Conflits (CENAP) Governance in Israel – INJAZ Center (APD) Haredi College of Jerusalem Heritage Institute for Policy Studies CÔTE D’IVOIRE (HIPS) The Van Leer Institute Initiative de Dialogue et Recherche IIDA Women’s Development United Nations Development Action pour la Paix (INDIGO) Organisation Programme – PAPP Puntland Development Research Center CYPRUS LIBERIA (PDRC) Centre for Sustainable Peace and Platform for Dialogue and Peace Somaliland National Electoral Democratic Development (SeeD) (P4DP) Commission (NEC) Somaliland National Youth DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF LIBYA Organization (SONYO) THE CONGO Assabel Foundation Centre d’Etudes Juridiques Appliqueés TIMOR LESTE (CEJA) MALI Centre of Studies for Peace and Pole Institute Development (CEPAD) Institut Malien de Recherche Action Action pour la Paix et la Concorde pour la Paix – IMRAP (APC)

Réseau d’Innovation Organisationelle PALESTINE (RIO) United Nations Development Programme – PAPP GUINEA-BISSAU

Iniciativa para Consolidação de Paz RWANDA (Voz di Paz) Never Again Rwanda

INTERPEACE HEADQUARTERS INTERPEACE REGIONAL INTERPEACE EUROPE OFFICE FOR LATIN AMERICA Maison de la Paix 24 Avenue des Arts 2E Chemin Eugène-Rigot 11 Avenida 14-75, zona 10 Boîte 8 1202 Geneva 01010 Guatemala City 1000 Brussels Switzerland Guatemala Belgium T +41 (0) 22 404 5900 T +502 2381 9700 T +32 (2) 230 0015

INTERPEACE REGIONAL INTERPEACE REGIONAL INTERPEACE SWEDEN OFFICE FOR EASTERN AND OFFICE FOR WEST AFRICA CENTRAL AFRICA Jakobs Torg 3 Villa n° 43 11152 Stockholm Priory Place, 5th Floor Cité Les Lauriers 5 Deux Plateaux Sweden Argwings Kodhek Road 06 BP 2100 Abidjan P.O.Box 14520 - 00800 Westlands Côte d’Ivoire INTERPEACE Kilimani, Nairobi T +225 56 62 27 785 REPRESENTATION OFFICE IN Kenya NEW YORK T +254 (20) 265 5228 7001 Brush Hollow Road, Suite 214 Westbury, NY 11590 USA M +1 (646) 643 9979.

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