The Illinois Wesleyan Magazine. of His Dispositions in the Battle Were Masterl}

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Illinois Wesleyan Magazine. of His Dispositions in the Battle Were Masterl} 390 The Illinois Wesleyan Magazine. of his dispositions in the battle were masterl}-. It almost seemed foolhardy in Alexander to attack this immense army with scarcely one man to the enemy's three, but success has always been held sufficient to justify risk. Porus was wounded in the battle, but tried to escape at its close. See­ ing- this, Alexander is said to have ridden after him on his celebrated horse, Bucephalus, but this noble animal fell in his tracks, and died from overexertion. Porus finally submitted and was treated ''as a king-" by Alexander. Taxiles and Porus were finally reconciled and made rulers over the terri­ tory conquered in the Five Rivers region. Alexander then moved to the foot hills of the Caucasus and cut ship-building timber and floated it down the river to Craterus at Nicaea and Bucephalia, towns which Alexander had founded, the former to commemorate the battle with Porus, the latter to commemorate the death of his beloved horse, Bucephalus. Then crossing the Acesines and the Hvdraotes, he found a number of republics whose people had joined forces to oppose him and who were assembled at Sangala, their principal city. This was captured after hard fighting and a sharp siege. VII.—ALEXANDER'S HOMEWARD MARCH. Wherever he went, the country submitted and Alexan­ der formed the bold design of crossing the Hyphasis and marching to the Ganges. But the Macedonian soldiers had determined to proceed no further. This was in July, 326 B. C. Recent events and Alexander's conduct toward the newly conquered rulers had not tended to reconcile the Macedonians to his policy. Everywhere they saw others preferred to them­ selves and their leader was more and more conforming his conduct to the habits and manners of an Oriental despot. It is but little wonder then that these brave troops felt that the Indus should be the eastern limits to their wanderings. They had grumbled before now, but Alexander paid no atten­ tion to their mutterings as long as they obeyed, and this they had always done. Whether he was present or absent, his generals had always done as commanded, and whether on difficult or easy missions, they had always accomplished the task on time but now, under Alexander's schemes of con­ quest, they had become unusually restless. It was the same policy which had shown itself in the plots of Philotas and Calisthenes, only now it showed itself in a different way—the .
Recommended publications
  • MAC II in General, All Greek Troops “Constitutionally
    ALEXANDER’S FINAL ARMY An Honors Thesis for the Department of History By Jonathan A. Miller Thesis Advisor: Steven Hirsch Tufts University, 2011 AKNOWLEDGMENTS Alexander the Great is a man with whom many great leaders throughout history have been compared, a model of excellence whose achievements can never quite be matched. 2 My introduction to his legacy occurred in the third grade. Reading a biography of Julius Caesar for a class project, I happened across Plutarch’s famous description of Caesar’s reaction to reading a history of Alexander: “he was lost in thought for a long time, and then burst into tears. His friends were astonished, and asked the reason for his tears. ‘Do you not think,’ said he, ‘that it is a matter of sorrow that while Alexander, at my age, was already king of so many peoples, I have as yet achieved no brilliant success?’”1 This story captivated my imagination and stuck with me throughout my middle and high school years. Once at college, I decided to write a thesis on Alexander to better understand the one man capable of breeding thoughts of inadequacy in Caesar. This work is in many ways a tribute to both Caesar and Alexander. More pointedly, it is an exploration into the designs of a man at the feet of whom lay the whole world. This paper has meant a lot to me. I want to thank all those who made it possible. First and foremost, my undying gratitude goes to Professor Steven Hirsch, who has helped me navigate the difficult process of researching and writing this thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyrighted Material
    Index Note : Geographical landmarks are listed under the proper name itself: for “Cape Sepias” or “Mt. Athos” see “Sepias” or “Athos.” When a people and a toponym share the same base, see under the toponym: for “Thessalians” see “Thessaly.” Romans are listed according to the nomen, i.e. C. Julius Caesar. With places or people mentioned once only, discretion has been used. Abdera 278 Aeaces II 110, 147 Abydus 222, 231 A egae 272–273 Acanthus 85, 207–208, 246 Aegina 101, 152, 157–158, 187–189, Acarnania 15, 189, 202, 204, 206, 251, 191, 200 347, 391, 393 Aegium 377, 389 Achaia 43, 54, 64 ; Peloponnesian Aegospotami 7, 220, 224, 228 Achaia, Achaian League 9–10, 12–13, Aemilius Paullus, L. 399, 404 54–56, 63, 70, 90, 250, 265, 283, 371, Aeolis 16–17, 55, 63, 145, 233 375–380, 388–390, 393, 397–399, 404, Aeschines 281, 285, 288 410 ; Phthiotic Achaia 16, 54, 279, Aeschylus 156, 163, 179 286 Aetoli Erxadieis 98–101 Achaian War 410 Aetolia, Aetolian League 12, 15, 70, Achaius 382–383, 385, 401 204, 250, 325, 329, 342, 347–348, Acilius Glabrio, M. 402 376, 378–380, 387, 390–391, 393, Acragas 119, COPYRIGHTED165, 259–261, 263, 266, 39MATERIAL6–397, 401–404 352–354, 358–359 Agariste 113, 117 Acrocorinth 377, 388–389 Agathocles (Lysimachus ’ son) 343, 345 ; Acrotatus 352, 355 (King of Sicily) 352–355, 358–359; Actium 410, 425 (King of Bactria) 413–414 Ada 297 Agelaus 391, 410 A History of Greece: 1300 to 30 BC, First Edition. Victor Parker.
    [Show full text]
  • The Successors: Alexander's Legacy
    The Successors: Alexander’s Legacy November 20-22, 2015 Committee Background Guide The Successors: Alexander’s Legacy 1 Table of Contents Committee Director Welcome Letter ...........................................................................................2 Summons to the Babylon Council ................................................................................................3 The History of Macedon and Alexander ......................................................................................4 The Rise of Macedon and the Reign of Philip II ..........................................................................4 The Persian Empire ......................................................................................................................5 The Wars of Alexander ................................................................................................................5 Alexander’s Plans and Death .......................................................................................................7 Key Topics ......................................................................................................................................8 Succession of the Throne .............................................................................................................8 Partition of the Satrapies ............................................................................................................10 Continuity and Governance ........................................................................................................11
    [Show full text]
  • Instinctive Inquiries Into Indian Antiquity and Its Disorientated Chronicles (From Indus Valley Civilization Till the Rise of Jainism)
    IMPACT: International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Literature (IMPACT: IJRHAL) ISSN (P): 2347–4564; ISSN (E): 2321–8878 Vol. 9, Issue 1, Jan 2021, 75–82 © Impact Journals INSTINCTIVE INQUIRIES INTO INDIAN ANTIQUITY AND ITS DISORIENTATED CHRONICLES (FROM INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION TILL THE RISE OF JAINISM) KVVS Satyanarayana Research Scholar, HHS IIT Campus, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India Received: 14 Jan 2021 Accepted: 23 Jan 2021 Published: 30 Jan 2021 ABSTRACT History as we know has been through a lot, it has been modified changed and reshaped to fit the personal versions of perfections that suit the best interests of people of each era. It’s a long pain striking process to dissect the already brutally mutilated versions of history to find an ounce of reality in each of the accounts. This paper is the first of a series of ten short research papers which would in a very brief manner deal with all the neglected grey areas of Indian history. KEYWORDS: Instinctive, Inquires, Indian, History, Rewrite, Protagonist, Antiquity, Chronicles, Disoriented, Indus Valley, Ashoka, Alexandra, Jainism, Buddhism, Chanakya INTRODUCTION History for me has always been a reality that happened long ago, fantasizing the entire event into a surreal version of it makes history a zone from which most people draw influence from. But the historians have changed history so much that almost all the protagonist’s characters have been made into these either flawless human beings or down right transformed into wicked witch of the west. This is an article where I have tried to re-humanize the polar opposite characters of history, who seem right out of a fantasy novel meant for kids.
    [Show full text]
  • Tales of Philip II Under the Roman Empire
    Tales of Philip II under the Roman Empire: Aspects of Monarchy and Leadership in the Anecdotes, Apophthegmata , and Exempla of Philip II Michael Thomas James Welch BA (Hons. Class 1) M.Phil. A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2016 School of Philosophical and Historical Inquiry P a g e 1 | 270 Abstract This thesis examines the role anecdotes, apophthegmata , and exempla play in the historiography of the Macedonian king Philip II in the Roman world - from the first century BCE to the fourth century CE. Most of the material examined comes from moral treatises, collections of tales and sayings, and military works by Greek and Latin authors such as Plutarch, Valerius Maximus, Aelian, Polyaenus, Frontinus, and Stobaeus (supplemented with pertinent material from other authors). This approach will show that while many of the tales surely originate from the earlier Greek world and Hellenistic times, the use and manipulation of the majority of them and the presentation of Philip are the product of a world living under Roman political and cultural domination. This thesis is divided into six chapters. Chapter one defines and discusses anecdotal material in the ancient world. Chapter two examines two emblematic ancient authors (Plutarch and Valerius Maximus) as case studies to demonstrate in detail the type of analysis required by all the authors of this study. Following this, the thesis then divides the material of our authors into four main areas of interest, particularly concerning Philip as a king and statesman. Therefore, chapter three examines Philip and justice.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxiles' Prägung Für Alexander Den Grossen
    Taxiles' Prägung für Alexander den Grossen Autor(en): Hollstein, Wilhelm Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: Schweizerische numismatische Rundschau = Revue suisse de numismatique = Rivista svizzera di numismatica Band (Jahr): 68 (1989) PDF erstellt am: 09.10.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-175177 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. Das Veröffentlichen von Bildern in Print- und Online-Publikationen ist nur mit vorheriger Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber erlaubt. Die systematische Speicherung von Teilen des elektronischen Angebots auf anderen Servern bedarf ebenfalls des schriftlichen Einverständnisses der Rechteinhaber. Haftungsausschluss Alle Angaben erfolgen ohne Gewähr für Vollständigkeit oder Richtigkeit. Es wird keine Haftung übernommen für Schäden durch die Verwendung von Informationen aus diesem Online-Angebot oder durch das Fehlen von Informationen. Dies gilt auch für Inhalte Dritter, die über dieses Angebot zugänglich sind. Ein Dienst der ETH-Bibliothek ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Schweiz, www.library.ethz.ch http://www.e-periodica.ch WILHELM HOLLSTEIN TAXILES' PRÄGUNG FÜR ALEXANDER DEN GROSSEN1 Die folgenden Ausführungen entstammen der Auseinandersetzung mit dem Aufsatz von M.J. Price, «The <Poros> coinage of Alexander the Great: A symbol of concord and community».2 Sein Hauptverdienst ist es, endgültige Klarheit bezüglich der Ikonographie des Poros-Dekadrachmons und des Bogenschütze/Elefant-Tetradrachmons und, ausgehend von einem Irak-Schatzfund des Jahres 1973, einen neuen Datierungsansatz geschaffen zu haben.
    [Show full text]
  • Alexander the Great and His Time (World Digital Library Edition)
    BARNES & NOBLE mWorld Digital Library Alexander the Great Thomas N. Beck Agnes Savi BIOGRAPHY alexander the great alexander the great And His Time Agnes Savill Introduction by Thomas N. Beck Barnes & Noble World Digital Library New York This edition published by Barnes & Noble World Digital Library by arrangement with Barnes & Noble, Inc. Introduction Copyright © 2002 by Barnes & Noble World Digital Library All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Published in the United States by Barnes & Noble World Digital Library, New York. Barnes & Noble World Digital Library and colophon are trademarks of Barnes & Noble.com. Barnes & Noble.com, 76 Ninth Avenue, New York, NY 10011. Cover Design by Red Canoe, Deer Lodge, TN ISBN 0-594-08113-0 introduction Alexander the Great. The very name conjures up images of the invincible conqueror in battle, arrows arcing across the sky, chariots thundering over the desert, swords clanging against shields, and the hand- some hero standing tall amidst the fray, slaying ene- mies by the score, and inspiring his men to triumph. Yet how much of this romantic notion is true, how much is myth, and what does it really matter to us anyway? Agnes Forbes Blackadder Savill, in her study of Alexander’s life (which was essentially one long cam- paign from Greece to India and part of the way back), argues that almost all of it is true despite its having passed into myth since the great man’s death. She also argues that it matters quite a bit to us — now more than ever, in fact. Considering the evil that one man could do, Savill wanted to show its polar oppo- site, to demonstrate that one man could change the world for the better; indeed, that one man in particu- lar had.
    [Show full text]
  • Alexander the Great Alexander the Great
    2 Alexander LEVELED BOOK • Z the Great A Reading A–Z Level Z2 Leveled Book Word Count: 2,266 Alexander Connections the Great Writing Research two kings who ruled Macedonia before Alexander. Write an essay comparing Alexander the Great to these kings. Social Studies Research more information about the customs of ancient Macedonia and Persia. Write an essay comparing the two cultures. Written by Jan C. Kraus Visit www.readinga-z.com for thousands of books and materials. www.readinga-z.com Words to Know Alexander ambitious flanked assassinated fleet botanists infantry the Great cavalry philosopher city-states regent ethics surveyors Front cover: Alexander the Great accepts the surrender of an enemy in India. Title page: A statue of Alexander the Great Page 3: Artwork shows Alexander training his horse named Bucephalus. Photo Credits: Front cover, page 19 (top right): © Granger, NYC; title page: © Mohamed Osama/123RF; page 3: © Universal Images Group/Universal Images Group/SuperStock; page 5: © Classic Image/Alamy Stock Photo; page 6: © robertharding/robertharding/SuperStock; page 7: © PanosKarapanagiotis/ iStock/Thinkstock; pages 12, 16, 19 (bottom left): © akg-images/Peter Connolly/ The Image Works; pages 13, 19 (bottom right): Alexander the Great at the Battle of Issus, Greek/Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Taranto, Puglia, Italy/© Mondadori Electa/Bridgeman Images; page 18: © 2317900 Ontario Ltd. Spirer/123RF; page 19 (top left): Rare Ancient Greek Coin, Gold Stater, Macedonia, Alexander the Great 336 BC/Hoberman/UIG/Bridgeman Images; page 19 (center left): The Taming of Bucephalus, McConnell, James Edwin/ Private Collection/© Look and Learn/Bridgeman Images Written by Jan C. Kraus www.readinga-z.com Alexander the Great World Leaders Focus Question Level Z2 Leveled Book Correlation © Learning A–Z LEVEL Z2 Written by Jan C.
    [Show full text]
  • Sogdiana During the Hellenistic Period by Gurtej Jassar B.Sc, Th
    Hellas Eschate The Interactions of Greek and non-Greek Populations in Bactria- Sogdiana during the Hellenistic Period by Gurtej Jassar B.Sc, The University of British Columbia, 1992 B.A.(Hon.), The University of British Columbia, 1995 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Department of Classical, Near Eastern, and Religious Studies) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA April 1997 ©Gurtej Jassar, 1997 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of OA,S5J The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada DE-6 (2/88) II ABSTRACT This study deals with the syncretism between Greek and non-Greek peoples as evidenced by their architectural, artistic, literary and epigraphic remains. The sites under investigation were in the eastern part of the Greek world, particularly Ai Khanoum, Takht-i-Sangin, Dilberdjin, and Kandahar. The reason behind syncretism was discussed in the introduction, which included the persistence of the ancient traditions in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Bactria even after being conquered by the Greeks.
    [Show full text]
  • Battle of Hydaspes.Docx
    Battle of Hydaspes The Battle of Hydaspes was a decisive battle fought between the armies of Alexander the Great and the King Porus (also known as Poru, Paurava) in 326 BC. It ended in a victory for Alexander's Macedonian Army. The battle is significant for opening up the Indian subcontinent to Ancient Greek political and social influences. This article will give details about the Battle of Hydaspes (modern-day Jhelum river) within the context of the Civil Services Examination. Candidates can read about important battles in the history of India from the links mentioned below: Background of the Battle of Hydaspes After Alexander defeated the last of the Achaemenid Empire's forces in 328 BC, he began a new campaign to further extend his empire towards India in 327 BC. After fortifying Bacteria (Modern-day Afghanistan) with 10,000 men, Alexander commenced his invasion of India through the Khyber Pass Whilst possessing a much larger army, at the battle, an estimated 40,000 infantry and 5,000 cavalry crossed the river in time to engage the enemy. During this battle, Alexander suffered heavy losses compared to his earlier victories. The primary Greek column entered the Khyber Pass, but a smaller force under the personal command of Alexander went through the northern route, taking the fortress of Aornos (modern-day Pir-Sar) along the way—a place of mythological significance to the Greeks as, according to legend, Herakles had failed to occupy it when he campaigned in India. In early spring of the next year, Alexander formed an alliance with Taxiles (also known as Ambhi Kumar), the King of Taxila.
    [Show full text]
  • CLASSICAL STUDIES Tadhg Machugh Classical Studies HIGHER LEVEL 2020/21
    CLASSICAL STUDIES Tadhg MacHugh Classical Studies HIGHER LEVEL 2020/21 ALEXANDER THE GREAT-GREAT BATTLES CONTENTS FORMAT NOTE 1 PAST QUESTIONS BREAKDOWN 2 BATTLE OF GRANICUS 3-10 BATTLE OF ISSUS 11-19 BATTLE OF GAUGAMELA 20-26 BATTEL OF HYDASPES 27-32 LETTERS FORM DARIUS TO ALEXANDER 33-34 NAME. SUBJECT. CYCLE. YEAR. Format: - The booklet has been broken into sub-categories based on past questions. - Each category will be presented with a breakdown of past questions. - It is important to utilize apps such as pocket papers or https://www.examinations.ie/exammaterialarchive/?i=115.120.111.100.99 Sub-Categories: - Battles - Key Events - Sieges - NB: Character: we will be building evidence of Alexanders character from these other sub-categories. - Character is based on three concepts; what a character does, says, and what others say about them. - 1 NAME. SUBJECT. CYCLE. YEAR. ALEXANDER THE GREAT BATTLES 1996: Hydaspes 1997: N/A 1998: Gaugamela 1999: N/A 2000: Granicus 2001: N/A 2002: Issus 2003: N/A 2004: N/A 2005: Gaugamela 2006: Issus 2007: Hydaspes 2008: Issus 2009: Granicus 2010: Gaugamela 2011: Hydaspes 2012: N/A 2013: Issus 2014: Granicus 2015: Gaugamela 2016: N/A 2017: Hydaspese 2018: Issus 2019: Granicus Advisable to know Gaugamela and Hydaspes equally well 2 NAME. SUBJECT. CYCLE. YEAR. Battle of Granicus 334 BC PAST QUESTIONS: 2000: The Persian leaders including Memnon of Rhodes, met to decide how to deal with Alexander shortly after his arrival in Asia Minor. (a) What options did they discuss, and why did they decide to meet Alexander in battle at the river Granicus? (20) (b) Give a brief outline of the course of this battle (30) 2009: At the Granicus River Alexander won his first victory over a Persian army.
    [Show full text]
  • Bulletin of Ancient Macedonian Studies
    Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Ciències de l’Antiguitat i l’Edat Mitjana Karanos BULLETIN OF ANCIENT MACEDONIAN STUDIES http://revistes.uab.cat/karanos 01 ), online ( 3521 - Ancient Macedonian Studies 2604 in Honor of A. B. Bosworth ISSN e 2018 (paper), 6199 - 2604 1, 2018, ISSN Vol. Karanos Bulletin of Ancient Macedonian Studies Vol. 1 (2018) Ancient Macedonian Studies in Honor of A. B. Bosworth President of Honor Secretary F. J. Gómez Espelosín, Marc Mendoza Sanahuja (Universitat Autònoma (Universidad de Alcalá) de Barcelona) Director Edition Borja Antela-Bernárdez, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) Departament de Ciències de l’Antiguitat i l’Edat Mitjana Editorial Board 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona). Spain Borja Antela-Bernárdez Tel.: 93 581 47 87. Antonio Ignacio Molina Marín (Universidad de Fax: 93 581 31 14 Alcalá) [email protected] Mario Agudo Villanueva (Universidad Complutense http://revistes.uab.cat/karanos de Madrid) Layout: Borja Antela-Bernárdez Advisory Board F. Landucci (Università Cattolica del Printing Sacro Cuore) Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona E. Carney (Clemson University) Servei de Publicacions D. Mirón (Universidad de Granada) 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona). Spain C. Rosillo (Universidad Pablo de Olavide) [email protected] W. L. Adams (University of Utah) http://publicacions.uab.cat/ N. Akamatis (International Hellenic University) V. Alonso-Troncoso (Universidad de A Coruña) ISSN: 2604-6199 (paper) A. Domínguez Monedero (Universidad eISSN 2604-3521 (online) Autónoma de Madrid) Dipòsit legal: B 26.673-2018 F. J. Gómez Espelosín (Universidad de Alcalá) W. S. Greenwalt (Santa Clara University) Printed in Spain M. Hatzopoulos (National Hellenic Printed in Ecologic paper Research Foundation) S.
    [Show full text]