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USHMM Finding http://collections.ushmm.org Contact [email protected] for further information about this collection RG-67.014M WORLD JEWISH CONGRESS. NEW YORK OFFICE RECORDS SERIES H (Alphabetical Files), 1919‐1981 2007.A.375, RG‐67.014M United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Archives 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place SW Washington, DC 20024‐2126 Tel. (202) 479‐9717 e‐mail: [email protected] Descriptive Summary Title: The World Jewish Congress New York Office Records. Series H (Alphabetical Files). Dates: 1919‐1981. Accession Number: 2007.A.375, RG‐67.014M. Creator: World Jewish Congress. Extent: 401 microfilm reels. Repository: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Archives, 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place SW, Washington, DC 20024‐2126 Abstract: The collection consists of several subseries of alphabetical subject files from World Jewish Congress’ New York Office concerning Jewish issues in various countries and regions and the activities of Jewish organizations during the 20th century in general and especially the decades immediately following the Second World War. Language: The primary language of the collection is English, but Yiddish, French, and German appear throughout the collection in varying proportions depending on the country or region concerned. French tends to occur more often for Europe and Yiddish and German more often for Latin America. Many country files also contain some documents, often publications, in local languages (Spanish, Hungarian, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, etc.). Administrative Information Restrictions on Access: No restrictions on access. Restrictions on use: Restrictions on use. Fair use only. Persons wishing to quote or publish from the records of the World Jewish Congress beyond the fair use provision as established by copyright law must obtain the written approval of the American Jewish Archives. The sale or distribution of microfilms or CD copies by the USHMM to any outside individual or agency is not permitted. Microfilms and all electronic images of the World Jewish Congress records are for use on site at the USHMM only and may not be lent to third parties. RG-67.014M The World Jewish Congress New York Office records. Series H (Alphabetical Files), 1919-1981. 1 http://collections.ushmm.org http://collections.ushmm.org Contact [email protected] for further information about this collection RG-67.014M Preferred Citation: Standard citation for the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Collections Division, Archives Branch. Acquisition Information: Records obtained from the American Jewish Archives in 2007 and 2010. Custodial history: The World Jewish Congress’ New York office donated its records to the American Jewish Archives in 1982 and provided a second accretion in 1987. In 2007, USHMM’s International Archives Project was authorized to make a microfilm copy of Series H of the collection which was accessioned in 2007 and 2010. Existence and location of originals: The collection is Series H of MS‐361 at The Jacob Rader Marcus Center of The American Jewish Archives at the Hebrew Union College‐Jewish Institute of Religion in Cincinnati Ohio. Related archival materials: Apart from Series G, I, and J, which are available at the AJA (see above), the other records of the WJC’s New York Office have been accessioned as separate collections that may be found in the USHMM catalog: Series A: Central Files (2003.186, RG‐67.004M) Series B: Political Department (2006.71, RG‐67.006M) Series C: Institute of Jewish Affairs (2004.552, RG‐67.005M) Series D: Relief and Rescue Department (2006.214, RG‐67.011M) Series E: Culture Department (2007.453, RG‐67.015M) Series F: Organization Department (2007.281, RG‐67.013M) Accruals: Accruals may have been received since this collection was first processed, see archives catalog at collections.ushmm.org for further information. Processing history: Revised, updated and edited by Joel Horowitz, February 2014, with the assistance of extensive notes provided by scholar Nathan A. Kurz in 2012. Administrative History: The WJC was established in 1936 under the leadership of Stephen S. Wise and Nahum Goldmann. Instrumental in its founding were the American Jewish Congress (AJC), established in 1918, and the Comité des Délégations Juives (Committee of Jewish Delegations), which had been initiated by the Zionist Organization in 1919 as an ad hoc committee for the purpose of representing Jewish interests at the Paris Peace Conference. The Comité was also interested in the foundation of a permanent “worldwide Jewish organization which would be recognized by Jews and non‐Jews alike as the Jewish representative body for the problems of the Diaspora.” As the situation for Jews in Europe steadily worsened during the 1930s, the need for a representative body to support Jewish interests became evident. The First Preparatory World Jewish Conference, met in Geneva in August 1932. After two more preparatory conferences, in 1933 and 1934, the First Plenary Assembly formally established the World Jewish Congress in August 1936. The purpose of the new organization was to unify Jews and strengthen Jewish political influence in order to assure the survival of the Jewish people, in part through the creation of a Jewish state. RG-67.014M The World Jewish Congress New York Office records. Series H (Alphabetical Files), 1919-1981. 2 http://collections.ushmm.org http://collections.ushmm.org Contact [email protected] for further information about this collection RG-67.014M Even before the 1936 Plenary, the Preparatory Committee, often represented by Nahum Goldmann, began addressing Jewish problems in Europe. It established contacts with governments and the League of Nations, lead an economic boycott against Germany, organized rescue and relief efforts for Jews under Nazi rule, and investigated and documented the condition of Jews in Europe. Once the WJC was founded, with its headquarters in Paris and another office in Geneva, its main activities continued that focus on the situation of European Jews. Among the WJC's activities were efforts concerning Jewish rights, anti‐Semitism, rescue efforts, and immediate political and economic relief. The WJC also concentrated on security for Jewish refugees and victims of the war. It planned for post‐war activities as well, including indemnification and reparations claims against Germany, as well as the punishment of war crimes and crimes against humanity. With the outbreak of war in September 1939, the Paris office moved to Geneva to facilitate communication with Jewish communities in Europe. Then, in the summer of 1940, with the surrounding countries under Axis control, the headquarters of the WJC were moved to New York to share office space with the American Jewish Congress while a special office was set up in London. At the Second Plenary Assembly in 1948, these changes were formalized by the splitting of the Executive Committee of the WJC between New York, London, and Israel. The New York office continued as a leading office for global, as well as Western Hemispheric, activities. The Political Department was split between the London and New York offices, and the Culture Department was headquartered in London, with a branch office in New York. In 1960, the main office of the Organization Department was moved from New York to Geneva. At the end of the war, the emphasis of the WJC's activities shifted to rebuilding European Jewish communities. This involved assisting displaced persons and holocaust survivors, advocating restitution and reparations from Germany, and assisting in the prosecution of war crimes. Another focus was the WJC's involvement in the creation of the State of Israel and efforts to prevent a future Holocaust. Many of these activities continued into the 1980s. Work for reparations claims for Holocaust survivors continued into the 1970s and was revived in the early 1990s. As the WJC adjusted its activities to meet changing needs various departments were created or disbanded. Political, legal, organizational, and research departments were created around 1936 in the European offices, and some of the same personnel who worked in these offices immigrated to the United States to work in similar departments when the WJC moved to New York during the war. As relief work decreased late in the 1940s, the Relief and Rehabilitation Department was discontinued, and its functions transferred to the Relief Desk of the Political Department. Scope and Content: The collection contains information on a number of topics divided by country, location, or organization. Major topics include the WJC’s involvement in the post‐war reconstruction of Jewish communities, anti‐Semitism, Jewish refugees, post‐war restitution, and Zionism. It is divided into four subseries. RG-67.014M The World Jewish Congress New York Office records. Series H (Alphabetical Files), 1919-1981. 3 http://collections.ushmm.org http://collections.ushmm.org Contact [email protected] for further information about this collection RG-67.014M The first is a set of alphabetical files covering the period from 1919‐1981, although concentrated on the period running from the immediate aftermath of the Second World War through the 1960s. Comprising well over 90% of the collection, this subseries consists primarily of files on Jewish issues in various countries or regions as well as material concerning major Jewish organizations. The second subseries consists of the international files of Monty Jacobs who served as Press Director and Executive Director in the 1950s and 1960s. This small group of records covers primarily the latter decade with subjects similar to the first series. The third subseries, which is also small, contains publications from the period 1930‐1974 that were maintained apart from the other alphabetical files. These are also from countries, regions, and organizations, including some of the same ones as in the first subseries from which they were apparently taken. It should be noted however that many of the publications files remain scattered among the subjects of the first subseries. The fourth, and second largest series, is another set of alphabetical files containing correspondence and clippings, and covers the period from 1949‐1981 although primarily after 1952.
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