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Arthropoda Selecta 16 (1): 3342 © ARTHROPODA SELECTA, 2007 A new subfamily of linyphiid spiders based on a new genus created for the keyserlingi-group of the genus Lepthyphantes (Aranei: Linyphiidae) Íîâîå ïîäñåìåéñòâî ëèíèôèèä íà îñíîâå íîâîãî ðîäà, âûäåëåííîãî äëÿ ãðóïïû âèäîâ keyserlingi ðîäà Lepthyphantes (Aranei: Linyphiidae) Michael I. Saaristo Ì.È. Ñààðèñòî Zoological Museum, Centre for Biodiversity, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku Finland. E-mail: [email protected] KEY WORDS: Micronetinae, Linyphiinae, taxonomy, new combination, new synonym, male palp, epigyne. ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛÅ ÑËÎÂÀ: Micronetinae, Linyphiinae, òàêñîíîìèÿ, íîâàÿ êîìáèíàöèÿ, íîâûé ñèíîíèì, ïàëüïà ñàìöà, ýïèãèíà. ABSTRACT. A new linyphiid subfamily, Ipainae ÐÅÇÞÌÅ. Óñòàíîâëåíî íîâîå ïîäñåìåéñòâî subfam.n., is established to include seven genera and Ipainae subfam.n., âêëþ÷àþùåå 7 ðîäîâ, îäèí èç 26 species, of which one genus is new to science: (1) êîòîðûõ íîâûé äëÿ íàóêè, è 25 âèäîâ: (1) Òèïîâîé The type genus Ipa gen.n., containing I. keyserlingi ðîä Ipa gen.n., âêëþ÷àþùèé I. keyserlingi (Ausserer, (Ausserer, 1867), comb.n. (the type species), I. terre- 1867), comb.n. (òèïîâîé âèä), I. terrenus (L. Koch, nus (L. Koch, 1879), comb.n. = I. quadrimaculatus 1879), comb.n. = I. quadrimaculatus (Kulczyñski, (Kulczyñski, 1898), syn.n., comb.n., I. spasskyi (Tana- 1898), syn.n., comb.n., I. spasskyi (Tanasevitch, 1986), sevitch, 1986), comb.n. and I. pepticus (Tanasevitch, comb.n. è I. pepticus (Tanasevitch, 1988), comb.n.; 1988), comb.n., all ex Lepthypahntes; (2) Epibellowia (2) Epibellowia Tanasevitch, 1996, âêëþ÷àþùèé E. Tanasevitch, 1996, containing E. septentrionalis (Oi, septentrionalis (Oi, 1960) (òèïîâîé âèä), E. pacificus 1960) (the type species), E. pacificus (Eskov & Ma- (Eskov & Marusik, 1992) è E. enormitus (Tanasevitch, rusik, 1992) and E. enormitus (Tanasevitch, 1988); 1988); (3) Metalepthyphantes Locket, 1968 ad partem, (3) Metalepthyphantes Locket, 1968 ad partem, con- âêëþ÷àþùèé M. bifoliatus Locket, 1968, M. carinatus taining M. bifoliatus Locket, 1968, M. carinatus Lock- Locket, 1968, M. clavator Locket, 1968, M. dentiferens et, 1968, M. clavator Locket, 1968, M. dentiferens Bosmans, 1979, M. machadoi Locket, 1968 (òèïîâîé Bosmans, 1979, M. machadoi Locket, 1968 (the type âèä), M. ovatus Scharff, 1990, M. perexiguus (Simon species), M. ovatus Scharff, 1990, M. perexiguus (Si- & Fage, 1922), M. praecipuus Locket, 1968 è M. vicinus mon & Fage, 1922), M. praecipuus Locket, 1968 and Locket, 1968, (4) Solenysa Simon, 1894, âêëþ÷àþ- M. vicinus Locket, 1968; (4) Solenysa Simon, 1894, ùèé S. circularis Gao, Zhu & Sha, 1993, S. geumoensis containing S. circularis Gao, Zhu & Sha, 1993, S. Seo, 1996, S. longqiensis Li & Song, 1992, S. melloteei geumoensis Seo, 1996, S. longqiensis Li & Song, Simon, 1894 (òèïîâîé âèä), S. protrudens Gao, Zhu 1992, S. melloteei Simon, 1894 (the type species), S. & Sha, 1993 è S. wulingensis Li & Song, 1992, (5) protrudens Gao, Zhu & Sha, 1993 and S. wulingensis Uralophantes Esynin, 1993, âêëþ÷àþùèé U. troi- Li & Song, 1992; (5) Uralophantes Esynin, 1993, tskensis Esynin, 1993 (òèïîâîé âèä), (6) Wubanoides containing U. troitskensis Esynin, 1993 (the type spe- Eskov, 1986, âêëþ÷àþùèé W. uralensis (Pakhorukov, cies); (6) Wubanoides Eskov, 1986, containing W. 1981) = W. longicornis Eskov, 1986 (òèïîâîé âèä) è uralensis (Pakhorukov, 1981) = W. longicornis Esk- W. fissus (Kulczyñski, 1926), à òàêæå (7) Epigytholus ov, 1986 (the type species) and W. fissus (Kulczyñski, Tanasevitch, 1996, âêëþ÷àþùèé E. tuvensis Tanase- 1926); and (7) Epigytholus Tanasevitch, 1996, con- vitch, 1996 (òèïîâîé âèä). Ïîñêîëüêó Micronetinae taining E. tuvensis Tanasevitch, 1996 (the type spe- è íåêîòîðûå ïðåäñòàâèòåëè íîâîãî ïîäñåìåéñòâà cies). Because both Micronetinae and some represen- Ipainae èìåþò æåëåçó Ôèêåðòà âíóòðè ðàäèêñà, ïðåä- tatives of the new subfamily Ipainae have the so- ïîëàãàåòñÿ, ÷òî îáà ïîäñåìåéñòâà ÿâëÿþòñÿ ñåñò- called Fickerts gland inside their radix, they are hy- ðèíñêèìè ãðóïïàìè, íåñìîòðÿ íà ñóùåñòâåííûå ðàç- pothesized to be sister groups despite otherwise greatly ëè÷èÿ â ñòðîåíèè êîïóëÿòèâíûõ îðãàíîâ. deviating secondary genital organs. 34 M.I. Saaristo Introduction or adnexae. Illustrations were made under a Leitz ste- reomicroscope with a drawing apparatus. Micrographs It was some 35 years ago when I started to develop were obtained with a JEOL (JSM-5200) scanning elec- the systematics of the linyphiid subfamily Microneti- tron microscope. nae. My first paper in this area was a revision of the ABBREVIATIONS. genus Maro O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1906 and several Museums: new papers were soon to come [Saaristo, 1971, 1972, MZT = Zoological Museum, University of Turku, 1973ac, 1974ab, 1975, 1977; Lehtinen & Saaristo, Finland; SMNH = Swedish Museum of Natural Histo- 1972]. However, due to various reasons these activities ry, Stockholm, Sweden; ZMUM = Zoological Museum were interrupted for almost 20 years. Then in 1989, of the Moscow University, Russia. during the XI International Congress of Arachnology Morphological terms: in Turku, I met Dr. Andrei Tanasevitch and since that AA1 anterior apophysis 1; AA2 anterior apo- day a very fruitful co-operation in clarifying the taxon- physis 2; AD abdominal depression; AM1 ante- omy of the then extremely chaotic genus Lepthyphantes rior membrane 1; AM2 anterior membrane 2; BE continues in a more or less even pace [Saaristo & median beam; DF dorsal flanks of epigyne; E Tanasevitch, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2001, embolus; EA extensible area of epigyne; EC 2002ab, 2003; Tanasevitch & Saaristo, 2006]. Later embolic complex; EG starting point of FG; EP some other authors have also contributed to the taxon- embolus proper; FG fertilization groove; FGL omy of Micronetinae [Saaristo & Marusik, 2004; Saaris- Fickerts gland; LB lower branch of RL; LC to & Wunderlich, 1995ab; Tu et al., 2006]. lamella characteristica; LL lateral lobe; LP later- Altogether, I have revised to some extent about 100 al pocket; MM median membrane; PC paracym- genera of Micronetinae and several dozen genera be- bium; PH pit hook; PI pit; PMP posterior longing to other subfamilies. Already at the very begin- median plate; RA radix; RL radical lamella; SR ning of this work it was clear to me that the so-called stretcher; ST suprategulum ; TA terminal keyserlingi-group as erected by Wunderlich [1985] con- apophysis; TE tegulum; UB upper branch of RL; sisted of species that could not be regarded as members VF ventral flanks of epigyne. of Micronetinae; nor did they belong to any other sub- familial group of Linyphiidae. Likewise, the placement of the keyserlingi-group and related taxa within the SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT Micronetinae was questioned already by Tanasevitch [1996ab]. Ipainae subfam.n. Over the past 35 years a lot of new information Type genus: Ipa gen.n.; the type species: Linyphia keyserlingi about the keyserlingi-group and its relatives has be- Ausserer, 1867. come available. Accordingly, it has become increas- GENERA AND SPECIES INCLUDED. (1) Ipa gen.n., ingly necessary to formally recognize the keyserlingi- containing I. keyserlingi (Ausserer, 1867), comb. n., I. terre- group; so a new genus, Ipa gen.n., with Linyphia key- nus (L. Koch, 1879), comb.n., = I. quadrimaculatus (Kulc- serlingi Ausserer, 1867 as its type species, is being zyñski, 1898), syn.n., comb.n., I. spasskyi (Tanasevitch, created in this paper. Furthermore, the new genus is 1986), comb.n. and I. pepticus (Tanasevitch, 1988), comb.n.; considered as the type genus of a new linyphiid sub- (2) Epibellowia Tanasevitch, 1996, containing E. septentri- family. In addition, all four recognized species of Ipa onalis (Oi, 1960) (the type species), E. pacifica (Eskov & Marusik, 1992) and E. enormita (Tanasevitch, 1988); (3) gen.n. are thoroughly described and figured while the Metaleptyphantes Locket, 1968 ad partem, containing M. other genera and species of the new subfamily are bifoliatus Locket, 1968, M. carinatus Locket, 1968, M. clav- merely listed. ator Locket, 1968, M. dentiferens Bosmans, 1979, M. machadoi Locket, 1968 (the type species, from Angola, by Material and methods original designation), M. ovatus Scharff, 1990, M. perexig- uus (Simon & Fage, 1922), M. praecipuus Locket, 1968 and M. vicinus Locket, 1968; (4) Solenysa Simon, 1894, con- The specimens examined are deposited in the Zoo- taining S. circularis Gao, Zhu & Sha, 1993, S. geumoensis logical Museum of Turku University (MZT), Finland Seo, 1996, S. longqiensis Li & Song, 1992, S. melloteei or Zoological Museum of the Moscow State Universi- Simon, 1894 (the type species), S. protrudens Gao, Zhu & ty, Russia (ZMUM). All measurements are in millime- Sha, 1993 and S. wulingensis Li & Song, 1992; (5) Uralo- ters. Specimens were examined under a Leitz stereomi- phantes Esyunin, 1993, containing U. troitskensis Esyunin, croscope and measured under a Wild M5 stereomicro- 1993 (the type species); (6) Wubanoides Eskov, 1986, con- scope. For examination of genital structures right palps taining W. uralensis (Pakhorukov, 1981) = W. longicornis of males were detached from the spider body and placed Eskov, 1986 (the type species) and W. fissus (Kulczyñski, 1926); and (7) Epigytholus Tanasevitch, 1996, containing E. on a cotton bed in a small bowl filled with 75% alco- tuvensis Tanasevitch, 1996 (the type species). hol. In a few cases they were cleared by a KOH solu- DIAGNOSIS. Members of this subfamily can be recog- tion to study the inner structures. Female copulatory
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