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Пауки (Arachnida: Aranei) Природных Парков Камчатки: Фауна, Экология, Зоогеография

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Пауки (Arachnida: Aranei) Природных Парков Камчатки: Фауна, Экология, Зоогеография Е. М. Ненашева ППААУУККИИ ((AARRAACCHHNNIIDDAA:: AARRAANNEEII)) ППРРИИРРООДДННЫЫХХ ППААРРККООВВ ККААММЧЧААТТККИИ:: ФФААУУННАА,, ЭЭККООЛЛООГГИИЯЯ,, ЗЗООООГГЕЕООГГРРААФФИИЯЯ Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Камчатский государственный технический университет» Е. М. Ненашева ПАУКИ (ARACHNIDA: ARANEI) ПРИРОДНЫХ ПАРКОВ КАМЧАТКИ: ФАУНА, ЭКОЛОГИЯ, ЗООГЕОГРАФИЯ Монография Издательство КамчатГТУ Петропавловск-Камчатский 2020 УДК 595.44(571.66) ББК 28.691 Н51 Рецензент: А. М. Токранов, доктор биологических наук, директор Камчатского филиала Тихоокеанского института географии ДВО РАН Ненашева, Елена Михайловна Н51 Пауки (Arachnida: Aranei) природных парков Камчатки: фауна, экология, зоогео- графия : монография / Е. М. Ненашева. – Петропавловск-Камчатский : КамчатГТУ, 2020. – 139 с. ISBN 978-5-328-00403-9 До настоящего времени сведения по экологии пауков на территории Камчатского края крайне ограничены и фрагментарны, поскольку специальные арахнологические исследо- вания фаунистического характера на полуострове проводили более 80 лет назад. Моно- графия представляет собой первое эколого-фаунистическое исследование фауны пауков (Arachnida: Aranei) на территориях природных парков Камчатки. В ней рассмотрены во- просы ареалогии, зоогеографии и экологии 167 видов из 17 семейств пауков. Впервые для полуострова показаны биотопическое и высотно-поясное распределение видов (в том чис- ле в горно-вулканических и термальных экосистемах), а также отдельные стадии жизнен- ных циклов и сезонная динамика численности доминирующих семейств пауков, встре- чающихся на территориях природных парков Камчатки. Работа снабжена приложениями, содержащими систематический список пауков, населяющих обследованные ООПТ, и от- ражающими их биотопическое распределение на указанных территориях. Книга представляет интерес для энтомологов, специалистов-экологов, работников при- родоохранных структур, преподавателей и студентов. На обложке и в монографии использованы фотографии автора, кроме специально ого- воренных случаев. УДК 595.44(571.66) ББК 28.691 ISBN 978-5-328-00403-9 © КамчатГТУ, 2020 © Е. М. Ненашева, 2020 2 Kamchatka State Technical University E. M. Nenasheva SPIDERS (ARACHNIDA: ARANEI) OF KAMCHATKA'S NATURAL PARKS: FAUNA, ECOLOGY, ZOOGEOGRAPHY Monograph Издательство КамчатГТУ Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskу 2020 3 Reviewer A. M. Tokranov, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Director of Kamchatka Branch of Pacific Geographical Institute FEB RAS Nenasheva, Elena Mikhailovna Spiders (Arachnida: Aranei) of Kamchatka's Natural Parks: Fauna, Ecology, Zoogeog- raphy : monograph / E. M. Nenasheva. – Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskу : KamchatSTU, 2020. – 139 p. ISBN 978-5-328-00403-9 To date, information on the ecology of spiders from Kamchatka is extremely limited and fragmented, since special arachnological faunistic studies were carried out more than 80 years ago. This monograph is the first ecological and faunistic study of the spider fauna (Arachnida, Aranei) from the territories of Kamchatka's Natural Parks. The author discusses issues of arealogy, zoogeography and ecology of 167 species of spiders from 17 families. The biotopic and altitudinal-zonal distribution of the spider species is shown for the first time for Kamchatka peninsula, including mountain-volcanic and thermal ecosystems, as well as the individual stages of life cycles and seasonal dynamics of the number of dominant spider families found from Kam- chatka's Natural Parks. The monograph includes supplementary systematic list of spiders inhabit- ing these specially protected natural territories, reflecting their biotopic distribution. To be recommended to entomologists, environmental specialists, employers from the nature- protecting affiliations, teachers and students. Author’s photographs were used on the cover and in the monograph, except for cases specially indicated in the Acknowledgements. ISBN 978-5-328-00403-9 © KamchatSTU, 2020 © E. M. Nenasheva, 2020 4 ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ .................................................................................................................. 7 ВВЕДЕНИЕ ........................................................................................................................... 8 ГЛАВА 1. Исторический обзор изучения фауны пауков ............................................. 10 1.1. Обзор истории изучения фауны пауков в России, Канаде и на Аляске ................. 10 1.2. Обзор истории изучения фауны пауков на Дальнем Востоке ................................ 12 1.3. История изучения фауны пауков Камчатки ............................................................ 14 ГЛАВА 2. Физико-географические характеристики территории проведения исследований ........................................................................... 18 2.1. Краткие сведения о формировании территории в плейстоцене и голоцене .......... 18 2.2. Современные природные условия Камчатки .......................................................... 19 2.3. Южно-Камчатский природный парк ....................................................................... 26 2.4. Налычевский природный парк ................................................................................. 28 2.5. Быстринский природный парк ................................................................................. 30 2.6. Ключевской природный парк .................................................................................. 32 ГЛАВА 3. Материал и методика исследования ............................................................. 35 ГЛАВА 4. Эколого-систематический обзор фауны пауков природных парков Камчатки .......................................................................................... 40 4.1. Семейство Agelenidae ............................................................................................... 41 4.2. Семейство Araneidae ................................................................................................ 42 4.3. Семейство Clubionidae ............................................................................................. 47 4.4. Семейство Dictynidae ............................................................................................... 48 4.5. Семейство Eutichiuridae............................................................................................ 48 4.6. Семейство Gnaphosidae ............................................................................................ 49 4.7. Семейство Hahniidae ................................................................................................ 50 4.8. Семейство Linyphiidae .............................................................................................. 50 4.9. Семейство Liocranidae .............................................................................................. 52 4.10. Семейство Lycosidae............................................................................................... 52 4.11. Семейство Miturgidae ............................................................................................. 56 4.12. Семейство Philodromidae ........................................................................................ 56 4.13. Семейство Pisauridae .............................................................................................. 58 4.14. Семейство Salticidae ............................................................................................... 58 4.15. Семейство Tetragnathidae ....................................................................................... 59 4.16. Семейство Theridiidae ............................................................................................. 61 4.17. Семейство Thomisidae ............................................................................................ 62 ГЛАВА 5. Хорологический анализ фауны пауков природных парков Камчатки .......................................................................................... 64 5.1. Предпосылки к зоогеографическому анализу фауны пауков природных парков Камчатки .................................................................. 64 5.2. Хорологические группы фауны пауков природных парков Камчатки .................. 69 5.3. Ландшафтно-зональные особенности аранеофауны природных парков Камчатки .......................................................................................... 71 ГЛАВА 6. Экологическая характеристика фауны пауков природных парков Камчатки .......................................................................................... 74 6.1. Биотопическая приуроченность видов .................................................................... 74 6.2. Пространственная структура и сезонная динамика населения пауков герпетобия и хортобия природных парков ........................................................ 78 5 6.3. Экологические особенности фауны пауков термальных местообитаний Налычевского природного парка ..................................... 83 6.4. Высотно-поясное распределение видов в горно-вулканических экосистемах природных парков Камчатки .............................. 86 ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ .................................................................................................................. 95 ЛИТЕРАТУРА .................................................................................................................... 97 ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 1. Систематический список пауков природных парков Камчатки .................................. 113 ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 2. Биотопическое распределение пауков в природных
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