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Cecilio Delfín Díaz Carela 1 2 REPÚBLICA DOMINICANA Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGÍA Contribución al Estudio de los Moluscos en el Litoral de la República Dominicana TESIS PARA OPTAR AL TÍTULO DE LIC. EN BIOLOGÍA Sustentada por: Técnico Biólogo CECILIO DELFÍN DÍAZ CARELA Núm.___________ Año Académico 1977__ 1978__ Los conceptos expuestos en la pre- sente tesis son de la exclusiva respon- sabilidad de los sustentantes de la misma (Res. del Consejo No.75-18 de fecha 12 de febrero de 1975. Asesora de la tesis: Dra. Idelisa Bonnelly de Calventi. Santo Domingo, República Dominicana 1977 3 RECONOCIMIENTO.- A mis padres A la Familia Díaz Crisóstomo A la Familia Molina Dájer por haberme acogido en su seno como un hijo más. A mi hijo Dorian A mi hermano y a todos mis amigos, muy especialmente al ya ausente, Miguel Ángel Cordero, quien me acompañó en varias ocasiones a bucear, mientras realizaba el presente trabajo. A mi amigo Julio González a quien debo las ilustraciones que aparecen en esta tesis. A muchos de los amigos colectores y acompañantes, como Manuel Montero, Eduardito Winter, Osvaldo Bazil, Guarionex Aquino hijo (Cochón), Manuel Valdez, Arístides Ortiz, Harris Cohén y el Biólogo Marino Capitán de Corbeta Narciso Almonte Capellán, a quien agradezco muy especialmente su interés y colaboración. A todo el personal del Centro de Investigación de Biología Marina (CIBIMA) y a mis compañeros y profesores del Departamento de Biología, muy especialmente al Dr. Eugenio de Jesús Marcano Fondeur, al Dr. Rogelio Lamarche Soto y al Profesor Julio Cicero. A la profesora y asesora de esta tesis, a quien debo agradecer la confianza que depositó en mí, en momentos en que verdaderamente me encontraba desorientado, Dra. Idelisa Bonnelly de Calventi. Al Dr. Luis R. Almodóvar, del Departamento de Ciencias Marinas de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, Recinto Universitario de Mayagüez, por sus sanos consejos y su desinteresada ayuda para la identificación de la flora marina. A todos mis hermanos y compatriotas dominicanos que de una u otra forma me han ayudado. A ellos, a los que no tengo nada concreto que ofrecerles más que mi superación y el deseo de construir una Patria mejor. Y finalmente a todos los pescadores de las localidades que visité para completar el presente trabajo de investigación, a quienes agradezco su amabilidad y atención. 4 INDICE DE ABREVIATURAS Y SIGLAS. Acad. = Academia y Academy Assoc. =Association Bol. = Boletín Bull. = Bulletin CIBIMA =Centro de Investigación Biología Marina. Co. = Compañía Cont. = Continuación D.F. = Distrito Federal Dpto. = Departamento Ed. = Ediciones y Editorial Esc. = Escala FAO = Organización de las Naciones Unidas para Agricultura Y la Alimentación Fish. = Fisheries Fig. = Figura Impr. = Impreso Journ. = Journal Láms. = Láminas M. de G. = Marina de Guerra mm. = Milímetro ml. = Mililitro Map. = Mapa Mar. = Marine N. = Norte OEA = Organización de Estados Americanos Prov. = Provincia p. = Playa P. = Punta Págs. = Páginas pp. = Pages Sc. = Science Sp. = Especie no determinada S.P. = San Pedro Sto. Dgo. = Santo Domingo Tab. = Tabla UASD = Universidad Autónoma De Santo Domingo UNAM = Universidad Autónoma de México U.S.A. = United States of America W. = West 5 TABLA DE CONTENIDO.- Págs. i. Resumen I. Introducción …………………………………… 01 a. Área de estudio………………………………… 03 II. Materiales y Métodos…………………………… 05 III. Descripción de las playas estudiadas …………… 08 1. Sosua, Puerto Plata………………………………….. 08 2. Cabarete, Espaillat…………………………………... 12 3. Arriba, Miches, El Seibo……………………………. 15 4. Macao, La Altagracia……………………………….. 18 5. La Cuevita, Cabo Engaño, La Altagracia…………… 21 6. Boca de Yuma, La Altagracia……………………….. 24 7. Bayahibe, La Romana……………………………….. 27 8. Caletón, La Romana…………………………………. 31 9. Montero, El Soco, San Pedro de Macorís…………... 34 10. Muerto, San Pedro de Macorís……………………… 37 11. Marota, San Pedro de Macorís………………………. 40 12. Punta Magdalena, Santo Domingo…………………... 42 13. Bocha Chica, Santo Domingo……………………….. 46 14. Palenque, San Cristóbal……………………………… 49 15. Punta Salinas, Peravia………………………………... 52 16. Palmar de Ocoa, San José de Ocoa…………………... 54 17. Puerto Alejandro, Jaquimeyes, Barahona…………… 57 IV. Descripción de las especies de moluscos estudiados 62 1. Clase: Gastropoda……………………………………. 62 2. Clase: Bivalvia (Pelecypoda)…..……………………. 93 3. Clase: Cephalopoda………………………………….. 113 V. Resultados, Discusión, Conclusión y Recomendaciones 114 VI. Bibliografía………………………………………….. 118 Apéndice……………………………………………… 122 Tablas y Gráficos……………………………………… 141 Flora y Fauna………………………………………… 141 Índice de especies……………………………………. 149 LÁMINAS I-XXIII……………………………………. 155 6 i. R E S U M E N El presente trabajo comprende aspectos taxonómicos y ecológicos de los moluscos marinos de 17 playas de la república Dominicana. Pretende dar a conocer, además de la fauna malacológica, su distribución zoogeográfica, utilidad e importancia de estas especies para el país. En total se identificaron 183 especies de moluscos del litoral dominicano de los cuales las que aparecieron con mayor frecuencia y abundancia entre los pelecípodos, por ejemplo, fueron Arca zebra, Tellina fausta y Codakia orbicularis. Entre los gasterópodos las especies más abundantes fueron Nerita peloronta, N. versicolor, N. tessellata, Tectarius muricatus, Purpura patula, Littorina ziczac, Fissurella barbadensis, F. nososa, Thais rustica, Strombus gigas, Cittarium pica, columbella mercatoria y los cefalópodo Octopus vulgaris, así como una especie de las grandes profundidades, probablemente transportada a la costa por acción de las mareas, se trata de Spirula spirula (Linnaeus, 1758). Se hicieron observaciones de la fauna acompañante, así como de la vegetación sumergida y costera. En esta investigación de tesis se incluye además la descripción de 17 playas principales a lo largo del litoral de la costa Norte, Sur y Este, destacando su importancia turística y pesquera. Así mismo se realizó un estudio granulométrico de las arenas de cada una de las playas, determinando en cada muestra materia orgánica (MO) y carbonatos. 7 I. I N T R O D U C C I Ó N.- La presente tesis se realizó con el fin de contribuir al conocimiento de los moluscos de la República Dominicana, dada la importancia que representa la explotación de muchos de estos organismos como alimentos y la escasa bibliografía con que se cuenta, actualmente, en nuestro país. Asimismo, se pretende aportar datos de interés sobre su ecología. Otro de nuestros principales objetivos es el de organizar una colección de referencia que viniera a reforzar la ya establecida en el CIBIMA con el fin, no sólo para tener un catálogo de las diferentes especies, sino para conocer su distribución zoogeográfica. Por tal razón se seleccionaron 17 playas distribuidas en zonas importantes del litoral dominicano, muchas de las cuales están siendo impactadas por el turismo y la pesca comercial. Esta aportación vendrá a fortalecer lo que ya se ha hecho sobre los moluscos marinos en el país, tomando en cuenta que la bibliografía actual cuenta con los trabajos del Dr. Carlos González (1974), donde se describen los moluscos presentes en la Bahía de Las Calderas y otras partes del litoral Sur. Almonte Capellán (1976), posteriormente, describe para la misma Bahía de Las Calderas, 97 especies de moluscos, mostrando esta zona una gran diversidad de moluscos de la clase Pelecypoda. Por otra parte, en el trabajo de Biología Pesquera Dominicana, la profesora Bonelly de Calventi (1974), ofrece una relación de los moluscos de importancia comercial en el país. También aparece en el Naturalista Postal, a través del Instituto de Botánica y Zoología, Editado por el Profesor Julio Cicero (1976), de la Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, una especie de caracol no reportado anteriormente los otros autores, incluyendo la presente investigación. Con relación a los trabajos de autores foráneos sobre los moluscos del Caribe, incluyendo la República Dominicana, podemos mencionar la Revista Johnsonia de la Universidad de Harvard, en ella se hace referencia a moluscos colectados en el Atlántico (Editión W.J. Clench, 1941-45). Por otra parte, en la publicación Caribbean Seashells de Germanie Warmke y Tuker Abbott (1962), 8 se describen tres especies propias del litoral dominicano y otras comunes para todas las Antillas. Cabe mencionar también, los trabajos de Coomans (1958), sobre los gasterópodos del litoral de las Antillas Neerlandesas y otros litorales del Caribe. Ekdale (1974), estudió los moluscos en las aguas llanas del noreste de las costas de la Península de Yucatán; McLean (1951), reportó a los pelecípodos y gasterópodos de Puerto Rico e Islas Vírgenes; Olsson y McGynty (1958-1967), publicó un reporte de investigación sobre los moluscos del Caribe y las costas de la República de Panamá. Por su parte, Pérez Rodríguez (1973) describió los moluscos marinos de la costa de Veracruz, México. Finalmente cabe citar a Sarasúa (1970) en su publicación sobre los prosobranquios marinos nuevos para la fauna de Cuba y a Vilas y Vilas (1952), quien con sus investigaciones sentó las bases para el estudio de los moluscos marinos de la Península de la Florida, en los Estados Unidos de América. Conjuntamente con la presente investigación, otros biólogos dominicanos se dedican al estudios de los moluscos marinos, especialmente la Técnico Biólogo Josefina Gómez de Peña (1977), quien está trabajando sobre la fauna malacológica del litoral de la Provincia de Azua de Compostela, un estudio aún no publicado, pero con resultados que nos permitieron hacer
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