N4347 Proposal to Encode Nepal Himalayish Scripts in ISO/IEC 10646 Pat Hall
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N4347 L2/12-365 2012-10-08 Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set International Organization for Standardization Organisation Internationale de Normalisation Международная организация по стандартизации
Doc Type: Working Group Document Title: Proposal to Encode Nepal Himalayish Scripts in ISO/IEC 10646 Author: Pat Hall, Language Technology Kendra and Kathmandu University, Nepal Status: Individual Contribution Action: For consideration by JTC1/SC2/WG2 and UTC Date: 2012-10-08
1. Purpose
This proposal brings together a number of previous proposals for scripts used to write the Himalayish Tibeto-Burman languages of Nepal, to unify them within a single proposed code block. The proposals and other documents being unified are: N3649 L2/09-192 2009-05-04 Preliminary proposal for encoding the Rañjana script in the SMP of the UCS N3692 L2/09-325 2009-09-28 Roadmapping the scripts of Nepal N3962 2011-01-25 Preliminary Proposal to Encode the Jenticha Script in ISO/IEC 10646. N3963 2011-01-25 Preliminary Proposal to Encode the Tikamuli Script in ISO/IEC 10646. N4018 2011-04-13 Introducing the Khambu Rai Script. N4019 2011-04-13 Introducing the Khema Script for Writing Gurung. N4028 2011-05-31 Proposal to Encode the Jenticha Script in ISO/IEC 10646. N4036 2011-05-01 Introducing the Magar Akkha Script. N4037 2011-05-01 Introducing the Kirat Rai Script. N4038 2011-05-03 Preliminary Proposal to Encode the Prachalit Nepal Script in ISO.IEC 10646. N4140 2011-09-29 Introducing a Script for Writing Dhimal. N4184 2012-01-05 Proposal to Encode the Newar Script in ISO.IEC 10646. N4322 2012-02-05 Proposal for the Nepaalalipi script in the UCS This proposal also considers other languages currently written using extended forms of Devanagari; the writing of these languages has been analysed in detail by Michael Noonan in his 2003 paper Recent Adaptations of the Devanagari Script for the Tibeto- Burman Languages of Nepal . He covers the writing of Gurung as well as the writing of Chantyal, Tamang, Sherpa, Thangmi and Limbu. He has collected together the phonology of all these languages as well as showing how they can be written in Devanagari. The use of Devanagari must be considered a passing phase, just as it has been for Limbu written in Devanagari until the encoding of their Sirijanga script in Unicode and the production of appropriate fonts. This proposal is intended to gain agreement that a unification of the writing of all these languages and other languages in the Himalayish group within Nepal would be
2012-10-08 1 N4347 Proposal to Encode Nepal Himalayish Scripts in ISO/IEC 10646 Pat Hall beneficial to the 4 million members of the linguistic communities concerned. It would also be able to embrace antiquarian writing of other languages, notably Sanskrit, with the addition of extra characters not required for the living languages, in much the same way as the Devanagari code block has been extended for this purpose. Following agreement in principle a full proposal will be developed in concert with all the language communities in Nepal and other interested parties, as well as experts in Nepal currently involved in documenting the languages of the country and in that context devising methods of transcribing them.
2. Name for the code block
We propose that the code block is named Himalayish. There has been considerable debate about the naming of a proposed code block for the Prachalit script used by the Newar community – the original proposal from Pandey (N4038) named the block “Prachalit”, but the revised proposal (N4184) renamed it “Newar” while the alternative proposal by Manandhar and colleagues (N4322) proposed the name “Nepaalalipi”. This led to considerable debate, with “Nepaalalipi” being deprecated because it contains the word “lipi” which means “script”. Much of the debate focused on the need for an English term appropriate for the scripts, languages and community being served by the code block. In this case the scripts and languages belong to the Tibeto-Burman speaking communities of Nepal living predominantly in the hills and mountains in the north of country. In Nepal the communities are often divided into three sections: • the Madeshi who live on the southern plains, the Terai, mostly speaking Indo-Aryan languages such as Maithili, Awadhi, Bhojpujri, and Tharu, with a few small Dravidian and Austroasiatic speaking communities. • the Pahadi, also called Pahari, who live in the hills, the foothills of the Himalayas. “Pahad” or “Pahar” means mountain in Nepali, Hindi and other languages of the area. Ethnologue lists a Pahari subfamily of the Indo-Aryan family of languages, with many languages across the region from Kashmir to Assam. The Pahari group includes Nepali, claimed by around half the population of Nepal as their mother tongue. • the Himali who live in the mountains, and speak Tibeto-Burman languages. Ethnologue shows a language subfamily Himalayish within the Tibeto-Burman family of languages, which covers all of the Tibeto-Burman languages of Nepal, but also languages in Tibet and a few languages in India It thus does seem that “Himalayish”, or simply “Himal” or “Himali”, would be a suitable name to the code block. To avoid confusion with the current proprietary uses of “Himal” and “Himali”, I suggest “Himalayish”.
3. The Scripts and Languages
In order to unify the various proposals we need to align the proposed character sets, and will use the English names given to these for this purpose. The English names give simple phonetic transliterations of the characters, and we will also consider the Devanagari equivalents and the full phonology expressed in ipa where appropriate.
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Appendix 1 gives a table of the proposed character sets for each of the script-language pairs for all the proposals listed above, plus the languages covered by Noonan indicating what needs to be represented in the writing by reference to the phonology given by him. The phonological requirements of the Newar language have been added by drawing upon Hale and Shrestha (2005). What this gives us is a superset that covers all scripts and languages in the set being considered. Of the Himalayish linguistic communities who would be supported with this proposal, only the Newars have a mature written tradition with a variety of styles of writing that have evolved so that they fit comfortably with the modern orthography of the language as it is spoken and written today. Limbu has a script dating back several hundred years is used in limited domains but is now encoded in Unicode while Lepcha is in a similar position but is predominantly an Indian language of Sikkim. The rest of the proposals listed above have newly created writing, with some of them now being used for printing newspapers while others have yet to be used. For a language that is currently unwritten, the procedure recommended by UNESCO (Robinson and Gadelli 2003) is to base this on a thorough phonemic analysis of the spoken language and then extend a locally dominant writing system to fit the new language; this is precisely what the analysis by Noonan reports, leading to the adaptation of Devanagari for writing the languages Gurung, Tamang, Sherpa, Thangmi and Chantyal. By contrast the writing described in the ISO/SC2/WG2 proposals for Magar, Gurung, Bantawa, Sunuwar and Dhimal does not appear to have been based on phonological analysis though the authors will have been very familiar with the spoken Documentary evidence for the popularity or use of these so-called “nine scripts” (the eight PRACALIT languagescripts and plus thus Rañjana) influenced is rare byexcept this for while Rañjana, also Golmol being and influenced current Pracalit by writing script insystems which the used inmajority communities of Nepalese around manuscripts them. and The inscriptions status werethe writingwritten fromof these the 15th languages to 18th centuries is CE. discussedGolmol in theis said sections to have beenbelow. introduced in Nepal by Bhaumagupta (ca. late 6th century CE.). The heyday of its use was, however, the early medieval period, i.e., the 13th-15th century CE. Though it For more details of the scripts and languages we refer you to the many ISO/SC2/WG2 was widely used in the 13th century, even then its use was not universal. documents cited, with their scholarly discussion and many examples of the writing. Not all the scriptsTraditionally, have Rañjana been documentedwas restricted to with copying signs, sacred punctuation, texts—Hindu andas well numerals, as Buddhist. though It was clearly rarely,all scripts if ever, need used forthese. secular Appendix purposes. More 2 contains recently, extractshowever, Newars from the have existing used Ranjana proposals as an of the charactersornamental script proposed. for invitations, As will very be formal seen, manuscripts these are and sometimesso on, and until visually about 1900 very used distinct, it for even thoughtheir Sanskrit the underlying and Newari functions manuscripts. are In the 1990ssame. it wasThis common point was to see put posters very and succinctly banners by Michaeladvertising Everson Buddhist in document lectures, new N3692(page year's parties and 2) so in forth discussing with the heading the various in Rañjana scripts and body or styles ofin Newawriting Lipi used (Pracalit for )the which Newar’s only Newars language, could read. Nepal Bhasa. Encoding considerations. It should first be said that some members of the user community have criticized the idea of unifying these “scripts”. It may be that this is a misunderstanding of the UCS; the analogy of the Latin script with its Gaelic and Fraktur variants, however, is probably applicable, which is why the recommendations here have been made.
3.1 TheA completePrachalit inventory and of Nepaalalipi the shaping behaviour and Ranjana of any of the scripts PRACALIT forscripts Nepal (apart fromBhasa Pracalit itself) has been unavailable, but it seems unlikely that any of them will exhibit behaviour that should The 1991 census listed 825,458 NewarsVIRAMA with mother tongue KA VIRAMANepal Bhasa SHA (also KSHA known warrant anything but the thstandard encoding model ( + + = ) to as Newari),be used making for them. it the It has6 beenlargest suggested, linguistic however, community that the of Tibetan the country. stacking modelThe writing (ཀ KA +of the Newarsྵ SUBJOINED has been-SHA = coག KSHAnsider) coulded bein usedfive forrecent the R AÑJANAISO WG2scripts docume (Rañjanants:and Wartu). It does not Michaelseem Everson that there2009-05-04 is any benefit Preliminary on either proposal structural for or practicalencoding grounds the Rañjana to doing script so. Structurally, in the SMP ག ofRañjana’s the UCS behaviour N3649 isL2/09-192 classically Brahmic; is a stack: is a conjunct . Using the Tibetan model would seem to be artificial. Further discussion of the options and elaboration on this point is expected during the proposal process itself.
2012-10-08The Rañjana scripts differ in many ways from Tibetan. Both of them (and all the PRACALIT scripts) 3 have unique Brahmic voiced aspirates gha, jha, ḍha, dha, rather than the Tibetan stacked གྷ, ཇ, ཌྷ, དྷ, བྷ, which are decomposed for Tibetan in Normalization Form C, so a one-to-one transliteration is in any case not feasible.
Figures 17, 18, and 19 show examples of Rañjana consonant clusters. These are not simple stacks or even complex consonant conjuncts: they are monograms representing seed syllables, and should probably be encoded as such. Some of these may also be “example” clusters, such as kkhgghṅa (ka + kha + ga + gha + ṅa), and three different examples of cchjjhña (ca + cha + ja + jha + ña). Although it is in principle possible to predict what a string of a Tibetan base + n subjoins will look like, it wouldn’t be possible to do the same for Rañjana; in Figure 18, for instance, several of the conjunct monograms have more than one rendering. It is unlikely that any rendering engine should be expected to render these dynamically; rather, they ought to be font-specific special ligatures, or, as mentioned above, encoded as monograms. (It should be pointed out that these are typically not set in type, but hand-drawn.)
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Michael Everson 2009-09-28 Roadmapping the scripts of Nepal N3692 L2/09-325 Anshuman Pandey 2011-05-03 Preliminary Proposal to Encode the Prachalit Nepal Script in ISO.IEC 10646. N4038 Anshuman Pandey 2012-01-05 Proposal to Encode the Newar Script in ISO.IEC 10646. N4184 L2/12-003 Devdass Manandhar, 2012-02-05 Proposal for the Nepaalalipi script in the UCS N4322 L2/12- 120 See Appendix A2.1 for character examples. The significant point to note is the inclusion in N4322 of breathy consonants that need to be distinguished from the sequence of the consonant followed by a
3.2 The Akkha script for the Magar Language The Magar are the 7th largest linguistic community in Nepal, with 770,116 mother tongue speakers recorded in the 2001 census. But unlike the Newars, the Magar have no written tradition, though today they do recognise the importance of writing and have looked back in history to claim Brahmi as their original writing, to replace the use of Devanagari which has been be used by default. This is described in Anshuman Pandey 2011-05-01 Introducing the Magar Akkha Script. N4036 which contains extracts from a larger document setting out the Magar case for the script they call “Akkha” (which means “script”). See Appendix A2.2 for an extract from this document. Pandey correctly points out that Akkha is Brahmi, but I suggest that it would not be appropriate for the Magar community to use this script in its ancient form – over the past two thousand years both scripts and languages have evolved significantly and the Magar people deserve to benefit from this evolution. The Akkha scripts of the Magar people needs to be further developed as a font for the Himalayish code block, this code block will cover everything that they need.
3.3 The Khambu Rai and Kirat Rai scripts for the Bantawa language This is a relatively large linguistic community of mother tongue speakers of the Bantawa language, 371,056 in the 2001 census. Two scripts are described in: Anshuman Pandey 2011-04-13 Introducing the Khambu Rai Script. N4018 Anshuman Pandey 2011-05-01 Introducing the Kirat Rai Script. N4037 See Appendix A2.3 for examples of the scripts.
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Pandey points out that Khambu Rai, the first of these, is in one-to-one correspondence with Devanagari, though it does also include three conjuncts
3.4 The Jenticha and Tikamuli scripts for the Sunuwar language The Sunuwar (Sunwar) is a relatively small linguistic community of 26,611 mother tongue speakers, definitely large enough to warrant a distinct style of writing. The writing of Sunuwar is reported in three documents covering two scripts. Anshuman Pandey N3962 2011-01-25 Preliminary Proposal to Encode the Jenticha Script in ISO/IEC 10646. Anshuman Pandey N3963 2011-01-25 Preliminary Proposal to Encode the Tikamuli Script in ISO/IEC 10646. Anshuman Pandey N4028 2011-05-31 Proposal to Encode the Jenticha Script in ISO/IEC 10646. See Appendix A2.4 for examples of the scripts. Pandey reports Sunuwar as an official language of Sikkim in India, though Ethnologue records no Sunuwar community in India. Pandey gives two alternative names, Mukhiya and Koits, but neither of these names appear in Ethnologue, though Ethnologue does record a small language Koi spoken in eastern Nepal. This discrepancy needs further investigation, the community in Sikkim must use some other name or some other closely related language. Jenticha is the older of the two scripts, though created relatively recently in 1942. It is reported as the official script in Sikkim – see note above for the open question here. Tikamuli has clearly been created recently, though no dates or sources are given. The two scripts do have significant differences. Tikamuli is much closer to Devanagari in its choice of consonants, and we must wonder about the influence here. Both include a trill and glottal stop. They both only have a single set of vowels, not distinguishing between the independent and dependent forms, with Jenticha preferring the independent forms while Tikamula prefers the dependent forms. This choice of only one form of the vowels makes us wonder whether the distinction is necessary in any Brahmi script – modern fonts could distinguish what needs to be rendered from context and select the independent or dependent form as appropriate.
3.5 The Khema script for the Gurung language The Gurung is a large linguistic community with 338,925 mother tongue speakers recorded in the 2001 census. Ethnologue documents two distinct dialects not recognised in the 2001 census. A single document: Anshuman Pandey N4019 2011-04-13 Introducing the Khema Script for Writing Gurung.
2012-10-08 5 N4347 Proposal to Encode Nepal Himalayish Scripts in ISO/IEC 10646 Pat Hall introduces the recently created Khema script, see Appendix A2.5 for examples of the Khema script. A second script is noted, but no details are given. Here we have an independent phonology documented by Noonan and have compared the two within the table in the Appendix. The Khema script has the usual diphthongs not required by the phonology, and more consonants than required, indicating perhaps an undue influence of Devanagari in the Khema script. Taking the phonology as setting the requirements for writing, we see that there is a need for four tone markers, but otherwise the needs of Gurung are well catered for by the requirement laid down by other scripts and languages.
3.6 The Dham script for Dhimal. The Dhimal linguistic community is relatively small at 17,308 in the 2001 census. A recently created scripts is recorded in: Anshuman Pandey 2011-09-29 Introducing a Script for Writing Dhimal. N4140 See Appendix A2.6 for examples of the script. The total alignment with Devanagari makes this appear to be a proposal for an alternative font for Devanagari, though clearly if such a font existed it could equally well be mapped to the Himalayish code block.
4. Unwritten languages
4.1 Writing Tamang At 1,179,145 mother tongue speakers, Tamang is the largest of the Himalayish language communities in Nepal. With their strong Buddhist traditions, there has been a movement to write Tamang in the Tibetan script, but equally well for administrative purposes writing in Devanagari has been acceptable. The writing of Tamang in Devanagari is described by Noonan, who notes the need for 4 tones.
4.2 Writing Thangmi (Thami) The Thami or Thangmi linguistic community has 18,991 speakers recorded in the 2001 census, and has been written in an extension of Devanagari for the purposes of documenting the language. From Noonan’s phonology we see that it needs fewer vowels, most of the standard consonants, and a glottal stop.
4.3 Writing Chantyal The Chantyal language community is small at 5,912 speakers. Its writing needs are similar to those of Nepal Bhasa including the breathy nasals and other breathy consonants not present in Devanagari. As noted by Noonan, there are distinct words with the breathy consonants and with the consonant followed by the
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4.4 Writing Sherpa Sherpa with 31,500 mother tongue speakers would fit well within the Himalayish code block, requiring 2 tone markers in addition to most of the standard characters. A scholar from East Asia has been developing a script for the Sherpa community, but we do not have access to details of this.
5. Other languages
5.1 Issues regarding the writing of Limbu Limbu with 333,633 mother tongue speakers has a traditional writing system Sirijanga which has been coded in Unicode but there must be some questions about this encoding. It is Brahmi writing system, encoded using a limited form of the subjoined model of Tibetan, without a virama but with a similar character sa-i which could take on the full virama role (Boyd Michailovsky, private communication). The potential need for this has been raised by the recent proposal Anshuman Pandey 2011-01-14 Proposal to Encode the Letters GYAN and TRA for Limbu in the UCS ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N3975 where the characters
5.2 Writing of non-Nepalese languages As has been noted in the documents on Nepal Bhasa, the Nepal Lipi scripts have been used for Sanskrit, Maithili, and even Tibetan. A number of the characters shown in the Appendix for Nepal Lipi are clearly there only for this purpose, notably diphthongs and syllabic liquids (vocalics). A group of the consonants (TTA to NNA) are not used in Nepal Lipi, but are needed for other Himalayish languages and should be included in the main part of the code block.
6. The proposed Code Block
A code block of just under 100 characters is needed. Independent Vowels: A, AA, I, II, U, UU, E, O. Dependent forms subject to review.
Diphthongs: AI, AU and dependent forms, subject to review.
Syllabic liquids: VOCALIC R, VOCALIC RR, VOCALIC L, VOCALIC LL and dependent forms included for old documents in Sanskrit etc. Consonants: KA, KHA. GA, GHA, NGA, NGHA, CA, CHA, JA, JHA, NYA/NJA, NYHA/NJHA. TTA, TTHA, DDA, DDHA, NNA, NNHA, TA, THA, DA, DHA, NA, NHA, PA, PHA, BA, BHA, MA, MHA, YA, YHA, RA, RHA, RRA, LA, LHA, VA/WA, VHA, SHA, SSA, SA, HA, glottal stop Various signs: CANDRABINDU, VISARGA, VIRAMA, TRILL, 4 TONES; and for Sanskrit etc: ANUSVARA, AVAGRAHA
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Invocations: OM and other invocations and graphics as required. Punctuation: DANDA, DOUBLE DANDA, WORD BREAK; and if really required: COMMA, FULL STOP. Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
7. References
Anderson, Deborah (2012) Liaison Report, Script Encoding Initiative, UC Berkeley. Document ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N4220 2012-02-12 BIS (1991) Indian Standard Indian Script Code for Information Interchange – ISCII. IS 12194: 1991. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. Cahill, Michael and Elke Karan (2008) Factors in Designing Effective Orthographies for Unwritten Languages, SIL Electronic Working Papers 2008-001, February 2008 Everson, Michael ; Rick McGowan, Ken Whistler, and V.S. UMAmaheswaran (2012) Snapshot of Pictorial view of Roadmaps to BMP, SMP, SIP, TIP and SSP Document ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 N4186 2012-02-16 Downloadable from http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n4186.pdf Everson, Michael (2000) Newari code table and names list http://www.evertype.com/standards/tai/newari.pdf (accessed 2012/02/15) Everson, Michael (2009b) Roadmapping the scripts of Nepal. International Organisation for Standardisation document ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N3692 downloadable from http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n3692.pdf (accessed 2012/02/15) also from http://www.evertype.com/formal.html Hale, Austin and Kedar P. Shrestha (2005) Newar. Volume 256 in Languages of the World/Meterials. Munich and Newcastle: Lincom Europa International Phonetic Association (1999) Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet. Cambridge University Press Kasah, Sharad Junior (2009) Paper distributed at meeting of the Nepal Lipi Guthi in Kathmandu, March 2010. Lewis, M. Paul (ed.), 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com/ Michailovsky, Boyd and Michael Everson (2002) Revised proposal to encode the Limbu script in the UCS. Document ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N2410, International Organization for Standardization. Downloadable from http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n2410.pdf Noonan, Michael (2003) Recent Adaptations of the Devanagari Script for the Tibeto-Burman Languages of Nepal. https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/noonan/www/Papers.html (last accessed 29th May 2010) Robinson, Clinton and Karl Gadelii, (2003) Writing Unwritten Languages. UNESCO downloadable from http://portal.unesco.org/education/en/ev.php- URL_ID=28300&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html Shakya, Rabison (2002) Alphabet of the Nepalese Script. Patan, Nepal: Motiraj Shakya and Sanunani Shakya UNESCO (2003) Language Vitality and Endangerment, UNESCO, Paris Unicode Consortium (2001) Roadmaps ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N2383 downloadable from http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n2383.pdf accessed 2012/02/14 Unicode Consortium (2012) Roadmap to the SMP http://www.unicode.org/roadmaps/smp/
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Vajrachaarya, Suwarn (2009) Towards Encoding Nepal Scripts: A Report and Preliminary Proposal. Distributed at meeting of the Nepal Lipi Guthi in Kathmandu, March 2010. Vajracharya, Suwarn (2012) Feedback on the Proposal by Anshuman Pandey to Encode the Newar Script in ISO/IEC 10646 dated January 6 2012. Communication on email discussion group.. February 8th, 2012. Wikipedia (20123) articles on Pahari languages, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahari_languages Yadava, Yogendra P. (2003) Language Chapter 4. Population Monograph, volume 1, Kathmandu: Central Bureau of Statistics.2003 and UNFPA Yadava, Yogendra P. (2007) Linguistic Diversity in Nepal Perspectives on Language Policy International Seminar on Constitutionalism and Diversity in Nepal, CNAS, 22-24 August,
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Appendix 1.
Aligning and comparing the proposed encodings for the writing of languages in the Himalayish group in Nepal. L N M B B S S D G G S T T C i B a a a u u h u u h a h h Language L Nepal M Banta Sunu D G S T T C i Bhasa a wa war h u h a h h m g i r e m a a b a m u r a n n u r a n p n g t l g a g m y i a l Script: p P P R p A K K J T D p K p p p p name or phonemic inventory h r r a h k h i e i h h h h h h h o a a n o k a r n k a o e o o o o n c c j n h m a t a m n m n n n n e h h a e a b t i m e a e e e e m a a n m u R c u m m m m m i l l a i R a h l i i i i i c i i c a i a i c c c c c t t i 0900 Devanagari 097F Source: ISO/SC2/WG2 Nxxxx N 4 4 3 H 4 4 4 4 3 4 N 4 N N N N 090 091 092 093 094 095 096 097 document0900 Devanagari o 1 097F3 6 a 0 0 0 0 9 1 o 0 o o o o or 0 ऐ ठ र $ी ॐ ॠ o॰ 8 2 4 l 3 1 3 2 6 4 o 1 o o o o 090 0910910 0920920 0930930 0940940 0950950 0960960 0970970 Noonan (2003)$ or Hale and$ $ n 4 2 9 e 6 8 7 8 3 0 n 9 n n n n 10 ँ ऑऐ डठ रऱ $ीु ॐ॑ ॠॡ ॰ ॱ Shrestha (2005)0901 09110910 09200921 09300931 09400941 09500951 09600961 09700971a e a a a a a 21 $$ंँ ऒऑ डढ लऱ $$ु ू $$॑ ॒ ॡ$ॢ ॱॲn t n n n n n 09020901 09120911 09210922 09310932 09410942 09510952 09610962 09710972 $ $ $ $ a 32 $ःं ओऒ णढ लळ $ू ृ $॒ ॓ $ॢ ॣ ॲ 09030902 09130912 09220923 09320933 09420943 09520953 09620963 0972 l $ $ $ $ 43 ऄः औओ णत ळऴ $ृ ॄ $॓ ॔ ।ॣ 0903 0913 0923 0933 0943 0953 0963 Semantics0904 0914 0924 0934 0944 0954 0964
4 $ $ 5 ऄ औ त ऴ $ॄ ॔ । English अ0904 क0914 थ0924 Na0934व 0944 ॅ ipa0954 0964 ॥ 0905 0915 0925 0935 0945 0965 5 ga $ 6 अ क थ व $ॅ ॥ आ0905 ख0915 द0925 श0935 0945 ॆ 0965० 0906 0916 0926 0936 0946 0966 0900Independent6 VowelsDevanagari $ 097F 7 आ ख द श $ॆ ० इ0906 ग0916 ध0926 0936ष 0946 े 0966१ 0907 0917 0927 0937 0947 0967 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ A 090 091 092 093 094 095 096ʌ 097 7 इ ग ध ष $े १ 8 0907 0917 0927 0937 0947$ 0967 AA 0 ई घ न $स ै क़a २ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ऐ0908 ठ0918 र0928 0938ी ॐ0948 ॠ0958 ॰0968 0910 0920 0930 0940 $0950 0960 0970 8 ई घ न स ै क़ २ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ I 9 0908 0918 0928 0938 0948$ 0958 i 0968 1 $ उ ङ ऩ $ह $ ॉ ख़ ३ ँ ऑ0909 ड0919 ऱ0929 0939ु 0949॑ ॡ0959 ॱ0969 0900 II 0901 9 0911उ 0921ङ Devanagari0931ऩ 0941ह $0951ॉ ख़0961iː ३0971 ✓ ✓097F ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 0909 0919 0929 0939 0949$ 0959 0969 2 $A ऊ च प $ $ ॊ $ग़ ४ 090ं ऒ 091090A 092ढ091A ल 093092A 094ू 095094A॒ 096095Aॢ ॲ 097096A 0902 0912 0922 0932 0942 0952 0962 0972 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ U A ऊ च प $ॊ ग़u ४ 090A 091A 092A 094A 095A 096A B $ 30 $ः ओऋ णछ ळफ $$ृ $॓ ो $ज़ॣ ५ ✓ॻ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ UU ऐ090B 091Bठ 092Bर ी ॐ094B ॠ095Buː 096B॰ 097B 0903 B 0913ऋ0910 0923छ0920 0933फ0930 09430940 $09530950ो ज़09630960 ५0970 ॻ 090B 091B 092B 094B 095B 096B 097B C $$ $$ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ E 41 ऄ$ँ औऑऌ तजड ऴबऱ $ॄ ़ु $॔ ौ॑ ।ॡड़e ६ॱ ॼ 0904 C 0914090C 0924091C 0934092C $0944093C $0954094C 0964095C 096C 097C 0901 0911ऌ ज0921 ब0931 0941़ 0951ौ ड़0961 ६0971 ॼ O 090C 091C 092C 093C 094C 095Co 096C 097C✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ D $ $ 52 अ$ं ऒकऍ थझढ वभल $ऽॅ ू $्॒ ॥$ढ़ॢ ७ॲ ॽ 0905 D 0915090D 0925091D 0935092D 0945093D $094D 0965095D 096D 097D 0902 0912ऍ झ0922 भ0932 ऽ0942 0952् ढ़0962 ७0972 ॽ 0900Dependent090D forms091D Devanagari092D 093D 094D 095D 096D 097D 097F E $$ 09000900 63 आ$ खऎ दञ DevanagariDevanagariशम $ॆ ा $ ०फ़$ ८ ॾ 097F097F ःE ओ090E ण091E ळ092E $093Eृ ॓ 095Eॣ 096E 097E 0900AA 0906 0916 0926 Devanagari0936 0946 0966 097F✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 09030900913ऎ 091ञ0923 092म 0930933 0940943ा 0950953 फ़ 0960963 ८ 097 ॾ 090E 091E 092E 093E 095E 096E 097E 090090 091 091 092 092 093 093 094 095 095 096 096 097 097 7 090F 091 092 093 094$$ 095 096 097 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ I 4 0 इ F गए धट षय $$े ि $ १य़ ९ ॿ ऄ0907 औ0917090Fएऐ 0927त091Fटठ 0937ऴय092Fर 0947093Fिीॄ ॐ॔ ॠय़0967095F। ९॰096F ॿ097F 0904 0914 0924 0934 0944 0954 0964 0 0 090F0910 091F0920 092F0930 093F$0940 0950 095F0960 096F0970 097F 0 ऐऐ ठठ र $ी ॐ ॠॠ ॰॰ 0910 0920 0930 0940 0950 0960 0970 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ II 8 ऐ0910 ठ0920 र0930 $0940ी ॐ0950 ॠ0960 ॰0970 The Unicode Standard5 1 ई$ 5.1,घ 0910Copyrightन0920 © 1991-2008स0930 0940$ Unicode,ै क़0950$ Inc.0960२ All rights0970 reserved. 65 अ0908 ँ क0918ऑ 0928थड 0938वऱ 0948 ुॅ 0958 ॑ 0968ॡ॥ ॱ The Unicode Standard09050901$ 5.1,0915 0911Copyright09250921 © 1991-200809350931 $09450941 Unicode,$0951 Inc. All09610965 rights0971 reserved. 65 1 1 $ ँ ऑ ड ऱ $ु $॑ ॡ ॱ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ U 1 $0901ँ ऑ0911 ड0921 ऱ0931 $0941ु $0951 ॑ 0961ॡ 0971ॱ 9 0901ँ ऑ0911 ड0921 ऱ0931 $0941ु 0951॑ ॡ0961 0971ॱ 6 2 उ0901$ ङ0911 ऩ0921 ह0931 0941$ॉ ख़0951$ 0961३$ 0971 0909 ं 0919ऒ 0929ढ 0939ल 0949 ू 0959 ॒ 0969 ॢ ॲ 2आ$ ख द श $ॆ $ $० ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ UU 2 0906$0902 ं 09160912ऒ 09260922ढ 0936ल0932 $09460942ू $0952॒ $09620966ॢ ॲ0972 2 $0902ं ऒ0912 ढ0922 ल0932 $0942ू $0952 ॒ $0962 ॢ 0972ॲ A 0902ं ऒ0912 ढ0922 ल0932 $0942ू 0952॒ 0962ॢ ॲ0972 7 3 ऊ0902$ च0912 प0922 0932 0942$ॊ ग़0952$ 0962४$ 0972 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ E 3090Aइ$ः 091Aगओ 092Aधण षळ 094A$ृे $095A ॓ $096A१ॣ 0903 ः 0913ओ 0923ण ळ0933 0943ृ 0953॓ 0963ॣ 3 0907$ 0917 0927 0937 $0947 $ $0967 3 $0903ः ओ0913 ण0923 ळ0933 $0943ृ $0953 ॓ $0963 ॣ 0903ः ओ0913 ण0923 ळ0933 0943ृ 0953॓ 0963ॣ B 4 0903 0913 0923 0933 $0943$ 0953$ 0963 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ O 8 4ऋऄ छऔ फत ऴ $ोॄ ज़$ ॔ ५। ॻ 090Bऄ 091Bऔ 092Bत ऴ 094B ॄ 095B॔ 096B। 097B 4 ई0904 घ0914 न0924 स0934 $0944ै $क़0954 0964२ 4 0908ऄ0904 0918औ0914 0928त0924 ऴ09380934 $09440948ॄ $09540958॔ 0964।0968 Diphthongsऄ0904 औ0914 त0924 ऴ0934 0944ॄ 0954॔ ।0964 C 0904 0914 0924 $0934 $0944$ 0954 0964 5 5ऌअ जक बथ व़ $ौॅ ड़ ६॥ ॼ 9 090Cअ 091Cक 092Cथ 093Cव 094C ॅ 095C ॥096C 097C 5 उ09050905 ङ09150915 ऩ09250925 ह09350935 $09450945ॉ ख़ 09650965३ AI 5 0909अ 0919क 0929थ 0939व $0949ॅ 0959 ॥ʌ0969y ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ अ0905 क0915 थ0925 व0935 0945ॅ ॥0965 D 6 6 0905 0915 0925 0935 $0945$ 0965 A ऍआआझखख भदद ऽश $्ॆॆ ढ़ ०७० ॽ AU 6 ऊ090D09060906 च091D09160916 092Dप09260926 093D09360936 094D$09460946ॊ 095Dग़ 0966096Dʌ0966४w097D ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 6 090Aआ 091Aख 092Aद श $094Aॆ 095A ०096A आ0906 ख0916 द0926 श0936 0946ॆ ०0966 0906 0916 0926 0936 0946$ 0966 E 7 7ऎइइ ञगग मधध $षा $ेे फ़ १८१ ॾ DependentB 7 090E09070907 091E09170917 forms092E09270927 093E09370937 $ 09470947 095E 0967096E0967 097E 7 ऋइ छग फध ष $ ेो ज़ १५ ॻ 090B 091B 092B 094B 095B 096B 097B इ0907 ग0917 ध0927 ष0937 0947े १0967 0907 0917 0927 0937 0947$ 0967 AI F 8 8एईई टघघ यनन $सि $ैै य़क़ २९२ ॿ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 0908 0918 0928 0938 0948 0958 0968 C8 090F0908 091F0918 092F0928 093F$0938 $0948 095F0958 096F0968 097F 8 ऌई जघ बन स़ $ ैौ क़ड़ २६ ॼ 090Cई0908 091Cघ0918 न092C0928 स093C0938 0948094Cै क़0958095C २0968096C 097C 9 $ 9 0908उ 0918ङ 0928ऩ 0938ह 0948$ॉ ख़0958 ३0968 The Unicode Standard 5.1, Copyrightउ0909 ङ0919 © 1991-2008ऩ0929 ह0939Unicode,0949 Inc.ॉ All0959ख़ rights0969३ reserved. 65 D9 0909 0919 0929 0939 $0949 0959 0969 9 ऍउ झङ भऩ हऽ $ ॉ् ख़ढ़ ३७ ॽ A090Dउ0909 091Dङ0919 ऩ092D0929 ह093D0939 $0949094Dॉ ख़0959095D ३0969096D 097D A 0909ऊ 0919च 0929प 0939 0949$ॊ 0959ग़ ४0969 ऊ090A च091A प092A 094A ॊ 095Aग़ 096A४ A 090A 091A 092A $094A 095A 096A EA ऊ च प $ $ ॊ ग़ ४ Bऎऊ090A ञच091A मप092A ा $094Aॊ ग़095Aफ़ ४096A८ ॾ 2012-10090E-08091E 092E 093E 095E 096E 097E 090Aऋ 091Aछ 092Aफ 094A$ो ज़095A ५096A ॻ B ऋ090B छ091B फ092B 094B ो 095Bज़ 096B५ 097Bॻ B 090B 091B 092B $094B 095B 096B 097B 10 FB ऋ छ फ $ $ ो ज़ ५ ॻ Cएऋ090B छट091B फय092B $ि $094Bो ज़095Bय़ ५096B९ ॻ097Bॿ 090F090Bऌ 091F091Bज 092B092Fब 093F ़ 094B ौ 095Bड़095F ६096B096F ॼ097B097F C ऌ090C ज091C ब092C $093C़ $094C ौ 095Cड़ 096C६ 097Cॼ C 090C 091C 092C $093C $094C 095C 096C 097C C D ऌ ज ब $ ़ $$ौ ड़ ६ ॼ ऌ090Cऍ ज091Cझ ब092Cभ 093Cऽ़ 094Cौ् ड़ढ़095C ६७096C ॼॽ097C The Unicode Standard 5.1, Copyright090C 091C © 1991-2008092C 093C Unicode,094C Inc.095C All rights096C reserved.097C 65 D ऍ090D झ091D भ092D 093Dऽ $094D ् 095Dढ़ 096D७ 097Dॽ D 090D 091D 092D 093D $094D 095D 096D 097D D E ऍ झ भ $ऽ $ ् ढ़ ७ ॽ ऍ090Dऎ झ091Dञ भ092Dम ऽ093D ा 094D् फ़ढ़095D ७८096D ॾॽ097D 090D090E 091D091E 092D092E 093D093E 094D 095D095E 096D096E 097E097D E ऎ ञ म $ा फ़ ८ ॾ E 090E 091E 092E $093E 095E 096E 097E E F ऎ ञ म $$ा फ़ ८ ॾ ऎ090Eए ञ091Eट म092Eय 093Eाि फ़य़095E ८९096E ॿॾ097E 090E090F 091E091F 092E092F 093E093F 095E095F 096E096F 097F097E F ए ट य $ि य़ ९ ॿ F 090F 091F 092F $093F 095F 096F 097F F ए ट य $ ि य़ ९ ॿ The Unicode Standard 5.1,ए090F Copyrightट091F © 1991-2008य092F 093F िUnicode, Inc.य़ All095F rights९096F reserved.ॿ097F 65 090F 091F 092F 093F 095F 096F 097F The Unicode Standard 5.1, Copyright © 1991-2008 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. 65 The Unicode Standard 5.1, Copyright © 1991-2008 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. 65 The Unicode Standard 5.1, Copyright © 1991-2008 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. 65 0900 Devanagari 097F
090 091 092 093 094 095 096 097
0 ऐ ठ र $ी ॐ ॠ ॰ 0910 0920 0930 0940 0950 0960 0970
1 $ँ ऑ ड ऱ $ु $॑ ॡ ॱ 0901 0911 0921 0931 0941 0951 0961 0971
2 $ं ऒ ढ ल $ू $॒ $ॢ ॲ 0902 0912 0922 0932 0942 0952 0962 0972
3 $ः ओ ण ळ $ृ $॓ $ॣ 0903 0913 0923 0933 0943 0953 0963
4 ऄ औ त ऴ $ॄ $॔ । 0904 0914 0924 0934 0944 0954 0964
5 अ क थ व $ॅ ॥ 0905 0915 0925 0935 0945 0965
6 आ ख द श $ॆ ० 0906 0916 0926 0936 0946 0966
7 इ ग ध ष $े १ 0907 0917 0927 0937 0947 0967
8 ई घ न स $ै क़ २ N4347 Proposal0908 0918 0928 to0938 Encode0948 0958 0968 Nepal Himalayish Scripts in ISO/IEC 10646 Pat Hall 9 उ ङ ऩ ह $ॉ ख़ ३ 0909 0919 0929 0939 0949 0959 0969
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All rights reserved. 65 The Unicode Standard 5.1, Copyright © 1991-2008 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. 65 The Unicode Standard 5.1, Copyright © 1991-2008 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. 65
2012-10-08 12 N4347 Proposal to Encode Nepal Himalayish Scripts in ISO/IEC 10646 Pat Hall
Appendix 2. Extracts from the WG2 proposals
A2.1 Ranjana N3649, Newar N4184, and Nepaalalipi N4322 11800 Ranjana 1185F A2.1.1 Ranjana 1180 1181 1182 1183 1184 1185
0 ܈ ܒ ܜ $ܦ ܰ 11800 11810 11820 11830 11840
1 ܉ ܓ ܝ $ܧ ܱ 11801 11811 11821 11831 11841
2 ܊ ܔ ܞ $ܨ ܲ 11802 11812 11822 11832 11842
3 ܋ ܕ ܟ $ܩ ܳ 11803 11813 11823 11833 11843
4 ܌ ܖ ܠ $ܪ ܴ 11804 11814 11824 11834 11844
5 ܍ ܗ ܡ $ܫ ܵ 11805 11815 11825 11835 11845
6 ܘ ܢ $ܬ ܶ 11806 11816 11826 11836 11846
7 ܙ ܣ $ܭ ܷ 11807 11817 11827 11837 11847
8 ܐ ܚ ܤ $ܮ ܸ 11808 11818 11828 11838 11848
9 ܑ ܛ ܥ $ܯ ܹ 11809 11819 11829 11839 11849
A + ; K $[ 1180A 1181A 1182A 1183A
B , < L $\ k 1180B 1181B 1182B 1183B 1184B
C - = M $] l 1180C 1181C 1182C 1183C 1184C
D . > N $^ m 1180D 1181D 1182D 1183D 1184D
E / ? O $_ n 1180E 1181E 1182E 1183E 1184E
F 0 @ $P $` o 1180F 1181F 1182F 1183F 1184F
Printed using UniBook™ Date: 2009-05-04 15 (http://www.unicode.org/unibook/)
2012-10-08 13 N434711800 Proposal to Encode Nepal Himalayish ScriptsRanjana in ISO/IEC 10646 Pat Hall1184F
Independent vowels 11835 $ܫ RANJANA VOWEL SIGN U 11836 $ RANJANA VOWEL SIGN UU 11800 RANJANA LETTER A ܬ ܈ 11837 $ RANJANA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R 11801 RANJANA LETTER AA ܭ ܉ 11838 $ RANJANA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR 11802 RANJANA LETTER I ܮ ܊ 11839 $ RANJANA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L 11803 RANJANA LETTER II ܯ ܋ 1183A $ RANJANA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL 11804 RANJANA LETTER U & ܌ 1183B $ RANJANA VOWEL SIGN E 11805 RANJANA LETTER UU ' ܍ 1183C $ RANJANA VOWEL SIGN AI 11806 RANJANA LETTER VOCALIC R ( 1183D $ RANJANA VOWEL SIGN O 11807 RANJANA LETTER VOCALIC RR ) 1183E $ RANJANA VOWEL SIGN AU 11808 ܐ RANJANA LETTER VOCALIC L * 11809 ܑ RANJANA LETTER VOCALIC LL Various signs 1180A RANJANA LETTER E E 1183F $+ RANJANA VIRAMA 1180B F RANJANA LETTER AI 1180C G RANJANA LETTER O Digits 1180D RANJANA LETTER AU H 11840 ܰ RANJANA DIGIT ZERO Consonants 11841 ܱ RANJANA DIGIT ONE 11842 RANJANA DIGIT TWO 1180E RANJANA LETTER KA ܲ I 11843 RANJANA DIGIT THREE 1180F RANJANA LETTER KHA ܳ J 11844 ܴ RANJANA DIGIT FOUR 11810 ܒ RANJANA LETTER GA 11845 RANJANA DIGIT FIVE 11811 RANJANA LETTER GHA ܵ ܓ 11846 ܶ RANJANA DIGIT SIX 11812 ܔ RANJANA LETTER NGA 11847 RANJANA DIGIT SEVEN 11813 RANJANA LETTER CA ܷ ܕ 11848 RANJANA DIGIT EIGHT 11814 RANJANA LETTER CHA ܸ ܖ 11849 ܹ RANJANA DIGIT NINE 11815 ܗ RANJANA LETTER JA 11816 ܘ RANJANA LETTER JHA Punctuation 11817 RANJANA LETTER NYA ܙ 1184B 6 RANJANA OM 11818 RANJANA LETTER TTA ܚ 1184C 7 RANJANA YIG MGO 11819 RANJANA LETTER TTHA ܛ 1184D 8 RANJANA DANDA 1181A RANJANA LETTER DDA U 1184E 9 RANJANA DOUBLE DANDA 1181B RANJANA LETTER DDHA V 1184F : RANJANA VIRAM 1181C W RANJANA LETTER NNA 1181D X RANJANA LETTER TA 1181E Y RANJANA LETTER THA 1181F Z RANJANA LETTER DA 11820 ܜ RANJANA LETTER DHA 11821 ܝ RANJANA LETTER NA 11822 ܞ RANJANA LETTER PA 11823 ܟ RANJANA LETTER PHA 11824 ܠ RANJANA LETTER BA 11825 ܡ RANJANA LETTER BHA 11826 ܢ RANJANA LETTER MA 11827 ܣ RANJANA LETTER YA 11828 ܤ RANJANA LETTER RA 11829 ܥ RANJANA LETTER LA 1182A e RANJANA LETTER WA 1182B f RANJANA LETTER SHA 1182C g RANJANA LETTER SSA 1182D h RANJANA LETTER SA 1182E i RANJANA LETTER HA Various signs 1182F $j RANJANA SIGN CANDRABINDU 11830 $ܦ RANJANA SIGN ANUSVARA 11831 $ܧ RANJANA SIGN VISARGA Dependent vowel signs 11832 $ܨ RANJANA VOWEL SIGN AA 11833 $ܩ RANJANA VOWEL SIGN I 11834 $ RANJANA VOWEL SIGN II ܪ
16 Date: 2009-05-04 Printed using UniBook™ (http://www.unicode.org/unibook/)
2012-10-08 14 11400 N4347 Proposal to Encode NepalNewar Himalayish Scripts in ISO/IEC 10646 1147F Pat Hall
A2. 1.2 Newar N4184
1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147
0 $ 11400 11410 11420 11430 11440 11450
1 $ 11401 11411 11421 11431 11441 11451
2 $ 11402 11412 11422 11432 11442 11452
3 $ 11403 11413 11423 11433 11443 11453
4 $ 11404 11414 11424 11434 11444 11454
5 $ 11405 11415 11425 11435 11445 11455
6 $ 11406 11416 11426 11436 11446 11456
7 $ 11407 11417 11427 11437 11447 11457
8 $ 11408 11418 11428 11438 11448 11458
9 $ 11409 11419 11429 11439 11459
A $ 1140A 1141A 1142A 1143A
B $ 1140B 1141B 1142B 1143B
C $ 1140C 1141C 1142C 1143C
D $ 1140D 1141D 1142D 1143D
E $ 1140E 1141E 1142E 1143E
F $ $ 1140F 1141F 1142F 1143F
Printed using UniBook™ Date: 11-Jan-2012 1 (http://www.unicode.org/unibook/)
2012-10-08 15 N434711400 Proposal to Encode Nepal Himalayish Scripts in ISO/IECNewar 10646 Pat Hall 11459
The script is also known as 'Nepal Lipi', 'Prachalit Lipi', 'Newah Various signs Akhah', and 'Newari'. 1143C $ NEWAR SIGN CANDRABINDU Independent vowels = milaphuti 1143D $ NEWAR SIGN ANUSVARA 11400 NEWAR LETTER A = sinhaphuti 11401 NEWAR LETTER AA 1143E $ NEWAR SIGN VISARGA 11402 NEWAR LETTER I 11403 NEWAR LETTER II • Also used for marking vowel length 11404 NEWAR LETTER U = lyaphuti 11405 NEWAR LETTER UU 1143F $ NEWAR SIGN VIRAMA 11406 NEWAR LETTER VOCALIC R = tutipala, halant 11407 NEWAR LETTER VOCALIC RR 11408 NEWAR LETTER VOCALIC L Additions for Sanskrit 11409 NEWAR LETTER VOCALIC LL 11440 NEWAR SIGN AVAGRAHA 1140A NEWAR LETTER E 1140B NEWAR LETTER AI Invocation signs 1140C NEWAR LETTER O 11441 NEWAR OM 1140D NEWAR LETTER AU 11442 NEWAR ANJI • Written at the beginning of a text Consonants • Represents Sanskrit “siddhirastu” 1140E NEWAR LETTER KA = bhin arambha, siddhi 1140F NEWAR LETTER KHA 11443 NEWAR SVASTI 11410 NEWAR LETTER GA 11411 NEWAR LETTER GHA Punctuation 11412 NEWAR LETTER NGA 11444 NEWAR DANDA 11413 NEWAR LETTER CA 11414 NEWAR LETTER CHA = dipu cinha 11415 NEWAR LETTER JA 11445 NEWAR DOUBLE DANDA 11416 NEWAR LETTER JHA = nidho dipu cinha 11417 NEWAR LETTER NYA 11446 NEWAR COMMA 11418 NEWAR LETTER TTA • Phrase separator 11419 NEWAR LETTER TTHA 11447 NEWAR FULL STOP 1141A NEWAR LETTER DDA • Indicates end of text section 1141B NEWAR LETTER DDHA 11448 NEWAR PADA SANDHI MARK 1141C NEWAR LETTER NNA • Indicates word break at end of line 1141D NEWAR LETTER TA 1141E NEWAR LETTER THA Digits 1141F NEWAR LETTER DA 11450 NEWAR DIGIT ZERO 11420 NEWAR LETTER DHA 11451 NEWAR DIGIT ONE 11421 NEWAR LETTER NA 11452 NEWAR DIGIT TWO 11422 NEWAR LETTER PA 11453 NEWAR DIGIT THREE 11423 NEWAR LETTER PHA 11454 NEWAR DIGIT FOUR 11424 NEWAR LETTER BA 11455 NEWAR DIGIT FIVE 11425 NEWAR LETTER BHA 11456 NEWAR DIGIT SIX 11426 NEWAR LETTER MA 11457 NEWAR DIGIT SEVEN 11427 NEWAR LETTER YA 11458 NEWAR DIGIT EIGHT 11428 NEWAR LETTER RA 11459 NEWAR DIGIT NINE 11429 NEWAR LETTER LA 1142A NEWAR LETTER VA 1142B NEWAR LETTER SHA 1142C NEWAR LETTER SSA 1142D NEWAR LETTER SA 1142E NEWAR LETTER HA Dependent vowel signs 1142F $ NEWAR VOWEL SIGN AA 11430 $ NEWAR VOWEL SIGN I 11431 $ NEWAR VOWEL SIGN II 11432 $ NEWAR VOWEL SIGN U 11433 $ NEWAR VOWEL SIGN UU 11434 $ NEWAR VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R 11435 $ NEWAR VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR 11436 $ NEWAR VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L 11437 $ NEWAR VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL 11438 $ NEWAR VOWEL SIGN E 11439 $ NEWAR VOWEL SIGN AI 1143A $ NEWAR VOWEL SIGN O 1143B $ NEWAR VOWEL SIGN AU
Printed using UniBook™ Date: 11-Jan-2012 2 2012(http://www.unicode.org/unibook/)-10-08 16 N4347 Proposal to Encode Nepal Himalayish Scripts in ISO/IEC 10646 Pat Hall
A2.1.3 Nepaalalipi N4322
2012-10-08 17 N4347 Proposal to Encode Nepal Himalayish Scripts in ISO/IEC 10646 Pat Hall
2012-10-08 18
N4347 Proposal to Encode Nepal Himalayish Scripts in ISO/IEC 10646 Pat Hall
A2.2 Magar N4036
2012-10-08 19
N4347 Proposal to Encode Nepal Himalayish Scripts in ISO/IEC 10646 Pat Hall
A2.3 Khambu Rai N4018 and Kirat Rai N4037 A2.3.1 Khambu Rai N4018
2012-10-08 20 11A00 N4347 ProposalKirat to Encode Rai Nepal Himalayish Scripts in ISO/IEC 1064611A3F Pat Hall 11A00 Kirat Rai 11A39 A2.3.2 Kirat Rai N4037
11A0 11A1 11A2 11A3 Vowel 11A00 KIRAT RAI LETTER A 0 Consonants 11A00 11A10 11A20 11A30 11A01 KIRAT RAI LETTER KA 11A02 KIRAT RAI LETTER KHA 11A03 KIRAT RAI LETTER GA 1 11A04 KIRAT RAI LETTER GHA 11A01 11A11 11A21 11A31 11A05 KIRAT RAI LETTER NGA 11A06 KIRAT RAI LETTER CA 11A07 KIRAT RAI LETTER CHA 2 11A08 KIRAT RAI LETTER JA 11A02 11A12 11A22 11A32 11A09 KIRAT RAI LETTER JHA 11A0A KIRAT RAI LETTER NYA 11A0B KIRAT RAI LETTER TTA 3 11A0C KIRAT RAI LETTER TTHA 11A03 11A13 11A23 11A33 11A0D KIRAT RAI LETTER DDA 11A0E KIRAT RAI LETTER DDHA 11A0F KIRAT RAI LETTER TA 4 11A10 KIRAT RAI LETTER THA 11A11 KIRAT RAI LETTER DA 11A04 11A14 11A24 11A34 11A12 KIRAT RAI LETTER DHA 11A13 KIRAT RAI LETTER NA 5 11A14 KIRAT RAI LETTER PA 11A15 KIRAT RAI LETTER PHA 11A05 11A15 11A25 11A35 11A16 KIRAT RAI LETTER BA 11A17 KIRAT RAI LETTER BHA 6 11A18 KIRAT RAI LETTER MA 11A19 KIRAT RAI LETTER YA 11A06 11A16 11A26 11A36 11A1A KIRAT RAI LETTER RA 11A1B KIRAT RAI LETTER LA 7 11A1C KIRAT RAI LETTER VA 11A1D KIRAT RAI LETTER SHA 11A07 11A17 11A27 11A37 11A1E KIRAT RAI LETTER SA 11A1F KIRAT RAI LETTER HA 8 Vowel signs 11A08 11A18 11A28 11A38 11A20 KIRAT RAI VOWEL SIGN AA 11A21 KIRAT RAI VOWEL SIGN I 11A22 KIRAT RAI VOWEL SIGN U 9 11A23 KIRAT RAI VOWEL SIGN E 11A09 11A19 11A39 11A24 KIRAT RAI VOWEL SIGN AI 11A25 KIRAT RAI VOWEL SIGN O 11A26 KIRAT RAI VOWEL SIGN AU A 11A0A 11A1A Various signs 11A27 KIRAT RAI SIGN VIRAMA 11A28 KIRAT RAI SIGN CANDRABINDU B 11A0B 11A1B Digits 11A30 KIRAT RAI DIGIT ZERO 11A31 KIRAT RAI DIGIT ONE C 11A32 KIRAT RAI DIGIT TWO 11A0C 11A1C 11A33 KIRAT RAI DIGIT THREE 11A34 KIRAT RAI DIGIT FOUR 11A35 KIRAT RAI DIGIT FIVE D 11A36 KIRAT RAI DIGIT SIX 11A0D 11A1D 11A37 KIRAT RAI DIGIT SEVEN 11A38 KIRAT RAI DIGIT EIGHT 11A39 KIRAT RAI DIGIT NINE E 11A0E 11A1E
F 11A0F 11A1F
Printed using UniBook™ Date: 27-Apr-2011 1 (http://www.unicode.org/unibook/) Printed using UniBook™ Date: 27-Apr-2011 2 (http://www.unicode.org/unibook/)
2012-10-08 21 N4347 Proposal to Encode Nepal Himalayish Scripts in ISO/IEC 10646 Pat Hall
116D0 A2.4 JentichaJenticha N4028 and Tikamuli N3963 116FF 116D0 Jenticha 116FF A2.4.1 Jenticha N4028
116D 116E 116F Vowels 116D0 JENTICHA LETTER A 116D1 JENTICHA LETTER AA 0 $ 116D2 JENTICHA LETTER I 116D0 116E0 116F0 116D3 JENTICHA LETTER U 116D4 JENTICHA LETTER E 116D5 JENTICHA LETTER O 1 $ 116D1 116E1 116F1 Consonants 116D6 JENTICHA LETTER KA 116D7 JENTICHA LETTER KHA 2 $ 116D8 JENTICHA LETTER GA 116D2 116E2 116F2 116D9 JENTICHA LETTER NGA 116DA JENTICHA LETTER CA 116DB JENTICHA LETTER JA 3 116DC JENTICHA LETTER TTA 116DD JENTICHA LETTER TTHA 116D3 116E3 116DE JENTICHA LETTER TA 116DF JENTICHA LETTER THA 4 116E0 JENTICHA LETTER DA 116E1 JENTICHA LETTER NA 116D4 116E4 116E2 JENTICHA LETTER PA 116E3 JENTICHA LETTER PHA 5 116E4 JENTICHA LETTER BA 116E5 JENTICHA LETTER MA 116D5 116E5 116E6 JENTICHA LETTER YA 116E7 JENTICHA LETTER RA 6 116E8 JENTICHA LETTER LA 116E9 JENTICHA LETTER VA 116D6 116E6 116F6 116EA JENTICHA LETTER SHA 116EB JENTICHA LETTER SA 116EC JENTICHA LETTER HA 7 116ED JENTICHA LETTER HHA 116D7 116E7 116F7 116EE JENTICHA LETTER GLOTTAL STOP Various signs 8 116EF $ JENTICHA SIGN VIRAMA 116D8 116E8 116F8 = sangmilu, halant 116F0 $ JENTICHA SIGN CANDRABINDU 9 = taslathenk 116F1 $ JENTICHA VOWEL LENGTH MARK 116D9 116E9 116F9 = gyosh, dirghata 116F2 $ JENTICHA TRILL MARK A = sangrums 116DA 116EA 116FA Digits 116F6 JENTICHA DIGIT ZERO B 116F7 JENTICHA DIGIT ONE 116F8 JENTICHA DIGIT TWO 116DB 116EB 116FB 116F9 JENTICHA DIGIT THREE 116FA JENTICHA DIGIT FOUR C 116FB JENTICHA DIGIT FIVE 116FC JENTICHA DIGIT SIX 116DC 116EC 116FC 116FD JENTICHA DIGIT SEVEN 116FE JENTICHA DIGIT EIGHT D 116FF JENTICHA DIGIT NINE 116DD 116ED 116FD
E 116DE 116EE 116FE
F $ 116DF 116EF 116FF
Printed using UniBook™ Date: 31-May-2011 1 (http://www.unicode.org/unibook/) 2012-10-08 Printed using UniBook™ Date: 31-May-2011 2 (http://www.unicode.org/unibook/) 22 11C00 N4347 ProposalTikamuli to Encode Nepal Himalayish Scripts in ISO/IEC 1064611C3F Pat Hall 11C00 Tikamuli 11C39 A2.4.2 Tikamuli N3963
11C0 11C1 11C2 11C3 Vowel 11C00 TIKAMULI LETTER A 0 Consonants 11C00 11C10 11C20 11C30 11C01 TIKAMULI LETTER KA 11C02 TIKAMULI LETTER KHA 11C03 TIKAMULI LETTER GA 1 $ 11C04 TIKAMULI LETTER GHA 11C05 TIKAMULI LETTER NGA 11C01 11C11 11C21 11C31 11C06 TIKAMULI LETTER CA 11C07 TIKAMULI LETTER CHA 2 $ 11C08 TIKAMULI LETTER JA 11C09 TIKAMULI LETTER JHA 11C02 11C12 11C22 11C32 11C0A TIKAMULI LETTER TTA 11C0B TIKAMULI LETTER TTHA 3 11C0C TIKAMULI LETTER DDA $ 11C0D TIKAMULI LETTER DDHA 11C03 11C13 11C23 11C33 11C0E TIKAMULI LETTER NNA 11C0F TIKAMULI LETTER TA 4 11C10 TIKAMULI LETTER THA $ 11C11 TIKAMULI LETTER DA 11C04 11C14 11C24 11C34 11C12 TIKAMULI LETTER DHA 11C13 TIKAMULI LETTER NA 11C14 TIKAMULI LETTER PA 5 $ 11C15 TIKAMULI LETTER PHA 11C05 11C15 11C25 11C35 11C16 TIKAMULI LETTER BA 11C17 TIKAMULI LETTER BHA 11C18 TIKAMULI LETTER MA 6 $ 11C19 TIKAMULI LETTER YA 11C06 11C16 11C26 11C36 11C1A TIKAMULI LETTER RA 11C1B TIKAMULI LETTER LA 11C1C TIKAMULI LETTER VA 7 $ 11C1D TIKAMULI LETTER SSA 11C07 11C17 11C27 11C37 11C1E TIKAMULI LETTER SA 11C1F TIKAMULI LETTER HA 11C20 TIKAMULI LETTER GLOTTAL STOP 8 $ 11C08 11C18 11C28 11C38 Dependent vowel signs 11C21 $ TIKAMULI VOWEL SIGN AA 11C22 $ TIKAMULI VOWEL SIGN I 9 $ 11C23 $ TIKAMULI VOWEL SIGN U 11C09 11C19 11C29 11C39 11C24 $ TIKAMULI VOWEL SIGN E 11C25 $ TIKAMULI VOWEL SIGN O A Various signs 11C0A 11C1A 11C26 $ TIKAMULI SIGN VIRAMA 11C27 $ TIKAMULI SIGN DIRGHA 11C28 $ TIKAMULI SIGN ATI DIRGHA B 11C29 $ TIKAMULI SIGN TRILL 11C0B 11C1B Digits 11C30 TIKAMULI DIGIT ZERO C 11C31 TIKAMULI DIGIT ONE 11C0C 11C1C 11C32 TIKAMULI DIGIT TWO 11C33 TIKAMULI DIGIT THREE 11C34 TIKAMULI DIGIT FOUR D 11C35 TIKAMULI DIGIT FIVE 11C36 TIKAMULI DIGIT SIX 11C0D 11C1D 11C37 TIKAMULI DIGIT SEVEN 11C38 TIKAMULI DIGIT EIGHT E 11C39 TIKAMULI DIGIT NINE 11C0E 11C1E
F 11C0F 11C1F
Printed using UniBook™ Date: 15-Jan-2011 1 (http://www.unicode.org/unibook/) Printed using UniBook™ Date: 15-Jan-2011 2 (http://www.unicode.org/unibook/)
2012-10-08 23 N4347 Proposal to Encode Nepal Himalayish Scripts in ISO/IEC 10646 Pat Hall
A2.5 Khema N4019
2012-10-08 24 N4347 Proposal to Encode Nepal Himalayish Scripts in ISO/IEC 10646 Pat Hall
A2.6 Dhimal N4140
2012-10-08 25 N4347 Proposal to Encode Nepal Himalayish Scripts in ISO/IEC 10646 Pat Hall
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 PROPOSAL SUMMARY FORM TO ACCOMPANY SUBMISSIONS 1 FOR ADDITIONS TO THE REPERTOIRE OF ISO/IEC 10646TP PT Please fill all the sections A, B and C below.
Please read Principles and Procedures Document (P & P) from HTUhttp://www.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG2/docs/principles.html UTH for guidelines and details before filling this form.
Please ensure you are using the latest Form from HTUhttp://www.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG2/docs/summaryform.htmlUTH.
See also HTUhttp://www.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG2/docs/roadmaps.html UTH for latest Roadmaps. A. Administrative 1. Title: Proposal to Encode Nepal Himalayish Scripts in ISO/IEC 10646 2. Requester's name: Patrick A V Hall 3. Requester type (Member body/Liaison/Individual contribution): individual contribution 4. Submission date: 05 October 2012 5. Requester's reference (if applicable): 6. Choose one of the following: This is a complete proposal: (or) More information will be provided later: ✔ B. Technical – General 1. Choose one of the following: a. This proposal is for a new script (set of characters): ✔ Proposed name of script: Himalayish b. The proposal is for addition of character(s) to an existing block: Name of the existing block: 2. Number of characters in proposal: 98 3. Proposed category (select one from below - see section 2.2 of P&P document): A-Contemporary B.1-Specialized (small collection) B.2-Specialized (large collection) A C-Major extinct D-Attested extinct E-Minor extinct F-Archaic Hieroglyphic or Ideographic G-Obscure or questionable usage symbols 4. Is a repertoire including character names provided? NO a. If YES, are the names in accordance with the “character naming guidelines” in Annex L of P&P document? b. Are the character shapes attached in a legible form suitable for review? YES 5. Fonts related: a. Who will provide the appropriate computerized font to the Project Editor of 10646 for publishing the standard? either Sanir Karmacharya or Rabindra Pachhai both of whom have developed fonts b. Identify the party granting a license for use of the font by the editors (include address, e-mail, ftp-site, etc.): to be provided in the full proposal in due course 6. References: a. Are references (to other character sets, dictionaries, descriptive texts etc.) provided? YES b. Are published examples of use (such as samples from newspapers, magazines, or other sources) of proposed characters attached? NO 7. Special encoding issues: Does the proposal address other aspects of character data processing (if applicable) such as input, presentation, sorting, searching, indexing, transliteration etc. (if yes please enclose information)? NO
8. Additional Information: Submitters are invited to provide any additional information about Properties of the proposed Character(s) or Script that will assist in correct understanding of and correct linguistic processing of the proposed character(s) or script. Examples of such properties are: Casing information, Numeric information, Currency information, Display behaviour information such as line breaks, widths etc., Combining behaviour, Spacing behaviour, Directional behaviour, Default Collation behaviour, relevance in Mark Up contexts, Compatibility equivalence and other Unicode normalization related information. See the Unicode standard at HTUhttp://www.unicode.orgUTH for such information on other scripts. Also see
Unicode Character Database ( Hhttp://www.unicode.org/reports/tr44/ ) and associated Unicode Technical Reports for information needed for consideration by the Unicode Technical Committee for inclusion in the Unicode Standard.
1 TP PT Form number: N4102-F (Original 1994-10-14; Revised 1995-01, 1995-04, 1996-04, 1996-08, 1999-03, 2001-05, 2001-09, 2003- 11, 2005-01, 2005-09, 2005-10, 2007-03, 2008-05, 2009-11, 2011-03, 2012-01)
2012-10-08 26 N4347 Proposal to Encode Nepal Himalayish Scripts in ISO/IEC 10646 Pat Hall
C. Technical - Justification 1. Has this proposal for addition of character(s) been submitted before? YES If YES explain Unifying proposals in N N3649, N3692, N3962, N3963, N4018, N4019, N4036, N4037, N4038, N4028, N4140, N4184, N4322 2. Has contact been made to members of the user community (for example: National Body, user groups of the script or characters, other experts, etc.)? YES If YES, with whom? in person with: Nepal Lipi Guthi (centre for writing the language of the Newar) - Sharad Kasahchhen (Chair) Suwarn Vajracharya, Rabindra Pacchai Authors of N4322: Devdass Manandhar, Bishnu Chitrakar, Sanir Karmacharya, Professor Tej Raj Kansakar By email with authority on Newar writing: Professor Kamal P Malla By email with encoding experts: Anshuman Pandey, Deborah Anderson, Michael Everson, Andrew West If YES, available relevant documents: 3. Information on the user community for the proposed characters (for example: size, demographics, information technology use, or publishing use) is included? YES Reference: Yadava, Yogendra P. (2003) Language Chapter 4. Population Monograph, volume 1, Kathmandu: Central Bureau of Statistics.2003 and UNFPA previous WG2 documents cited in C1 above 4. The context of use for the proposed characters (type of use; common or rare) Common Reference: previous WG2 documents cited in C1 above 5. Are the proposed characters in current use by the user community? YES If YES, where? Reference: 6. After giving due considerations to the principles in the P&P document must the proposed characters be entirely in the BMP? ideally If YES, is a rationale provided? If YES, reference: 7. Should the proposed characters be kept together in a contiguous range (rather than being scattered)? YES 8. Can any of the proposed characters be considered a presentation form of an existing character or character sequence? NO If YES, is a rationale for its inclusion provided? If YES, reference: 9. Can any of the proposed characters be encoded using a composed character sequence of either existing characters or other proposed characters? some If YES, is a rationale for its inclusion provided? indirectly If YES, reference: N4038 and N4184 10. Can any of the proposed character(s) be considered to be similar (in appearance or function) to, or could be confused with, an existing character? NO If YES, is a rationale for its inclusion provided? If YES, reference: 11. Does the proposal include use of combining characters and/or use of composite sequences? YES If YES, is a rationale for such use provided? indirectly If YES, reference: all documents cited in C1 above Is a list of composite sequences and their corresponding glyph images (graphic symbols) provided? YES If YES, reference: all documents cited in C1 above 12. Does the proposal contain characters with any special properties such as control function or similar semantics? NO If YES, describe in detail (include attachment if necessary)
13. Does the proposal contain any Ideographic compatibility characters? NO If YES, are the equivalent corresponding unified ideographic characters identified? If YES, reference:
2012-10-08 27