Effect of Modifying Ovarian Feedback on the Reproductive Performance of Highlands Half-Bred Ewes

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Effect of Modifying Ovarian Feedback on the Reproductive Performance of Highlands Half-Bred Ewes Proceedings.book Page 662 Monday, September 17, 2001 11:30 AM Effect of Modifying Ovarian Feedback on the Reproductive Performance of Highlands Half-Bred Ewes Paul N. Manua* Abstract An experiment was conducted at Tambul Research Station, Western Highlands Province, PNG, to determine the response of highlands half-bred ewes to the steroid hormone Androject, injected eight and four weeks before the onset of mating. The aim was to determine the potential use of this method for increasing lamb production in the national and provincial sheep farms producing lambs for distribution to farmers. Ewes that received Androject showed a fecundity of 1.42 per ewe compared to 1.18 per ewe for the control group. The number of lambs weaned per 100 ewes in the treated and the untreated groups were 119 and 97 respectively. It appears that under the prevailing feeding and management conditions at Tambul Research Station, the use of a steroid immunising vaccine such as Androject may result in a significant increase in the fecundity of ewes. THE production of lambs by the national and the pro- output of lambs from the farm breeding centres, vincial sheep farms is inadequate to meet demand through modification of ovarian feedback using the from farmers. Production of lambs can be increased vaccine Androject. from available breeding ewes by increasing the repro- ductive rate of these animals but a major factor lim- iting reproductive rate is low ovulation rate (Hanrahan Materials and Methods 1980). Nutritional, photoperiodic, genetic or pharma- cological means can be used to manipulate ovulation The study was conducted at the Tambul Research rates (Cummins et al. 1984). Station in the Western Highlands Province of PNG. Recent advances in veterinary science make it pos- Tambul is at an elevation of 2300 metres above sea sible to increase the ovulation rate in sheep using a level. The original flock of 192 highlands half-bred vaccine. The vaccine modifies ovarian feedback on the ewes with a lambing rate of 115% in the previous year pituitary, neutralising the hormone that suppresses was divided randomly into two groups. The first multiple ovulation in ewes. As a result, the number of group was injected subcutaneously in the neck with multiple births increases. 2 millilitres of a commercial preparation of the vac- cine, eight and four weeks before the introduction of This paper discusses an attempt to enhance the the rams. The second group did not receive any reproductive rate of the breeding ewes, and hence the vaccine (controls). Both groups were fed and managed in the same ways. The breeding ewes were * Food Security, Erap Branch, Department of Agriculture grazed rotationally and mineral supplements were and Livestock, PO Box 1984, Lae 411, Morobe provided at all times. Breeding rams were withdrawn Province, PNG. after nine weeks of mating. During lambing, lambs 662 Proceedings.book Page 663 Monday, September 17, 2001 11:30 AM were identified, ear-tagged, weighed and recorded treated group, with 142 lambs born per 100 treated along with the dam number. All lambs were docked at ewes lambing, compared to 118 lambs born in the three weeks of age and weaned at three months of age. control group. Weaning weights were recorded. Influences of sex and lamb number on lamb Results and Discussion survival at weaning The influences of sex and birth type on lamb sur- Reproductive performance vival at weaning are presented in Tables 2 and 3 respectively. The lactating ewes were not able to find The effect of Androject on the reproductive per- high quality feed for adequate lactation and this formance of highlands half-bred ewes is presented in resulted in some ewes losing their lambs. The ratio of Table 1. Although the group that received Androject females to males at birth was 1:1.25 in the treated showed slightly higher fertility, the difference was not group and 1:1.11 in the control group. At weaning the statistically significant (P < 0.05). The group that sex ratio of the surviving lambs was 1:1.59 received Androject produced more lambs than the (female:male) in the treated group and 1:1.16 in the group that did not receive the hormone, with the control group. lambing rate (number of lambs born per ewe available The mortality in the treated group was 9.5% in the for mating) increased by 30% in the treated group. treated group compared to 4.1% in the control group. Fecundity was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the All of the lambs that died in the treated group and three Table 1. Effect of Androject on the reproductive performance of highlands half-bred ewes. Group Number of Number of Number of Fertility (%) Fecundity (%) Lambing rate ewes at mating ewes lambing lambs born (%) Control 96 82 97 85.4 118.3 101.0 Treated 96 89 126 92.7 141.6 131.3 Table 2. Influence of sex on lamb survival in treated and control groups. Lambs Control Treated Male Female Total Male Female Total No. born 51 46 97 70 56 126 No. weaned 50 43 93 70 44 114 % survival 98.0 93.5 95.9 100 78.6 90.5 Table 3. Influence of lamb number on lamb survival in the control and treated groups. Lambs Control Treated Single Twin Triplets Single Twin Triplets No. born 68 26 3 56 58 12 No. weaned 66 24 3 56 51 7 % survival 97.1 92.3 100 100 87.9 58.3 663 Proceedings.book Page 664 Monday, September 17, 2001 11:30 AM of the four that died in the control group were females. number of lambs weaned. Ways to improve postnatal The survival rate in the treated group was influenced care of lambs from treated ewes should be investi- by the birth number, with losses considerably higher gated, to increase lamb survival rate. among the triplets, where ewes sometimes lost interest in mothering their newborn lambs. Acknowledgments I thank the New Zealand Government for providing Conclusion Androject and Mr Wasina for logistical assistance. The lamb numbers weaned per 100 ewes mated in the treated and the control groups were 119 and 97 respec- References tively. This shows that use of the steroid immunising Cummins, G., et al. 1984. The influence of hormones on agent Androject can significantly increase lambing reproduction in Merino ewes. Australian Journal of rates of highlands half-bred ewes, through an increase Agricultural Research, 30, 1133–1141. in fecundity. However, there is no indication that Hanrahan, J. 1980. Hormonal effect on the productivity of injection with Androject would result in any signifi- purebred Finnsheep in Finland and abroad. Livestock cant changes in fertility, female:male ratio, and Production Science, 4, 355–377. 664 Proceedings.book Page 665 Monday, September 17, 2001 11:30 AM Inland Fish Farming Kine Mufuape,* Mokra Simon* and Kunia Chiaka* Abstract Aquaculture is thought to be a good way to provide a more regular supply of protein to the PNG highlands. The Highlands Aquaculture Development Centre was set up in 1996 to provide technical advice, training and a supply of fingerlings to provinces and people who are interested in fish farming. The success of the project is indicated by increased attendance at training courses and increased purchases of fingerlings by fish farmers. PROTEIN intake in the highlands region is irregular. few fish farmers in East Sepik or Sandaun (West Most protein is taken as pork or lamb flaps or chicken Sepik) provinces (2%), the island provinces (1.5%) or at death ceremonies or Christmas functions. Aquacul- Oro (Northern) Province (1%). Lowland provinces ture is being introduced to remedy this dietary incon- like Madang and Morobe provinces are progressing sistency. Wild fish catches are likely to drop in the well with fish farming. future, so aquaculture will be increasingly important The Highlands Aquaculture Development Centre for PNG as its population increases. Aquaculture is (HAQDEC) was set up in 1996 to contribute to food more likely than fishing to deliver ownership of the security in the region by providing technical advice environment, a predictable supply of fish, quality con- and fingerlings to provinces and farmers who are trol, and the potential for genetic improvement. It is interested in fish farming. Its main functions are to also environmentally friendly. As well as producing produce fingerlings, conduct training and carry out much-needed protein, it can lead to greater employ- research. To help HAQDEC perform these tasks, the ment, human resource development and economic Japan International Cooperation Agency centre at diversification and increased export income. Condi- Aiyura has provided technical input to make sure the tions in PNG are apposite for aquaculture: the climate, region has sufficient institutional capacity, equipment, water and soil conditions are favourable; there are suit- infrastructure and trained personnel. The centre now able available species; there is sufficient labour, infra- has the facilities, equipment and staff to implement the structure and access to markets; and the country is project objectives. politically stable. Altogether, there are more than 5000 backyard fish farmers in the highlands. Our records and observations Fingerling Production suggest that most fish farmers are based in Eastern Highlands Province (32%), Simbu Province (25%) Figure 1 shows the number of fingerlings distributed and Morobe Province (20%). About 12% are based in from HAQDEC from 1992 to 1999. In 1992–94, pro- Western, Southern Highlands and Enga provinces and duction ranged from 13,288 to 64,147 fingerlings. about 6.5% in Madang Province. There are relatively After the aquaculture method was improved in April 1994, production increased steadily in most years; it * Highlands Aquaculture Development Centre, PO Box 280, increased from 180,007 in 1996 to 258,731 in 1999.
Recommended publications
  • Papua New Guinea
    PAPUA NEW GUINEA EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OPERATIONAL LOGISTICS CONTINGENCY PLAN PART 2 –EXISTING RESPONSE CAPACITY & OVERVIEW OF LOGISTICS SITUATION GLOBAL LOGISTICS CLUSTER – WFP FEBRUARY – MARCH 2011 1 | P a g e A. Summary A. SUMMARY 2 B. EXISTING RESPONSE CAPACITIES 4 C. LOGISTICS ACTORS 6 A. THE LOGISTICS COORDINATION GROUP 6 B. PAPUA NEW GUINEAN ACTORS 6 AT NATIONAL LEVEL 6 AT PROVINCIAL LEVEL 9 C. INTERNATIONAL COORDINATION BODIES 10 DMT 10 THE INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL 10 D. OVERVIEW OF LOGISTICS INFRASTRUCTURE, SERVICES & STOCKS 11 A. LOGISTICS INFRASTRUCTURES OF PNG 11 PORTS 11 AIRPORTS 14 ROADS 15 WATERWAYS 17 STORAGE 18 MILLING CAPACITIES 19 B. LOGISTICS SERVICES OF PNG 20 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 20 FUEL SUPPLY 20 TRANSPORTERS 21 HEAVY HANDLING AND POWER EQUIPMENT 21 POWER SUPPLY 21 TELECOMS 22 LOCAL SUPPLIES MARKETS 22 C. CUSTOMS CLEARANCE 23 IMPORT CLEARANCE PROCEDURES 23 TAX EXEMPTION PROCESS 24 THE IMPORTING PROCESS FOR EXEMPTIONS 25 D. REGULATORY DEPARTMENTS 26 CASA 26 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH 26 NATIONAL INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY AUTHORITY (NICTA) 27 2 | P a g e MARITIME AUTHORITIES 28 1. NATIONAL MARITIME SAFETY AUTHORITY 28 2. TECHNICAL DEPARTMENTS DEPENDING FROM THE NATIONAL PORT CORPORATION LTD 30 E. PNG GLOBAL LOGISTICS CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS 34 A. CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS PROPOSED 34 MAJOR PROBLEMS/BOTTLENECKS IDENTIFIED: 34 SOLUTIONS PROPOSED 34 B. EXISTING OPERATIONAL CORRIDORS IN PNG 35 MAIN ENTRY POINTS: 35 SECONDARY ENTRY POINTS: 35 EXISTING CORRIDORS: 36 LOGISTICS HUBS: 39 C. STORAGE: 41 CURRENT SITUATION: 41 PROPOSED LONG TERM SOLUTION 41 DURING EMERGENCIES 41 D. DELIVERIES: 41 3 | P a g e B. Existing response capacities Here under is an updated list of the main response capacities currently present in the country.
    [Show full text]
  • E. Mei-Li Roberts Phd Thesis
    Translating Identities: ‘Being a missionary’ in Papua New Guinea Submitted by: E. Mei-Li Roberts For the degree of: PhD (Social Anthropology) Date of submission: March 13, 2006 Abstract Many studies of missionaries have taken an historical perspective, looking particularly at missionaries’ role in colonialism. However, missionaries are still very much part of contemporary Papua New Guinea (PNG), with a significant number of expatriate missionary groups working in PNG. This thesis is a study of a present day mission in PNG, SIL International, formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL). It examines the way in which the mission community is constructed and the boundaries and divisions within the community itself. It attempts to challenge some of the stereotypes of missionaries and show that there are different views of what it is to ‘be a missionary’ even within the missionary community itself. I focus particularly on what it means to ‘be a missionary’ and the ambiguities and ambivalences between the ideals and realities of mission work. The focus of the study was on SIL members themselves and their identities as missionaries rather than the effect of their missionising on others. This is examined through a number of different themes. Debates about the fence surrounding the mission station highlighted the way in which it created both a physical and a symbolic boundary between those living inside the fence and the people living outside of it. Related to this were debates regarding the mission station, Ukarumpa and how SIL members should ‘communicate the gospel’. SIL’s main goal is Bible translation and the thesis explores the challenges and problems of translation, both the practical aspects of Bible translation and translating between cultures.
    [Show full text]
  • Agricultural Systems of Papua New Guinea Working Paper No. 8
    AUSTRALIAN AGENCY for INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA Working Paper No. 8 EASTERN HIGHLANDS PROVINCE TEXT SUMMARIES, MAPS, CODE LISTS AND VILLAGE IDENTIFICATION R.M. Bourke, B.J. Allen, RL. Hide, D. Fritsch, R. Grau, P. Hobsbawn, E. Lowes and D. Stannard REVISED and REPRINTED 2002 THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY · PAPUA NEW GUINEA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK UNIVERSITY OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA Working Paper No. 8 EASTERN HIGHLANDS PROVINCE TEXT SUMMARIES, MAPS, CODE LISTS AND VILLAGE IDENTIFICATION R.M. Bourke, B.J. Allen, R.L. Hide, D. Fritsch, R. Grau, P. Hobsbawn, E. Lowes and D. Stannard Department of Human Geography, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia REVISED and REPRINTED 2002 Correct Citation: Bourke, R.M., Allen, B.J., Hide, R.L., Fritsch, D., Grau, R., Hobsbawn, P., Lowes, E. and Stannard, D. (2002). Eastern Highlands Province: Text Summaries, Maps, Code Lists and Village Identification. Agricultural Systems of Papua New Guinea Working Paper No. 8. Land Management Group, Department of Human Geography, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra. Revised edition. National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication Entry: Eastern Highlands Province: text summaries, maps, code lists and village identification. Rev. ed. ISBN 0 9579381 8 7 1. Agricultural systems – Papua New Guinea – Eastern Highlands Province. 2. Agricultural geography – Papua New Guinea – Eastern Highlands Province. 3. Agricultural mapping – Papua New Guinea – Eastern Highlands Province. I. Bourke, R.M. (Richard Michael). II. Australian National University. Land Management Group. (Series: Agricultural systems of Papua New Guinea working paper; no.
    [Show full text]
  • Papua New Guinea
    PAPUA NEW GUINEA INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION NEWSLETTER: Apr—Jun 2020 Members of Kumin community constructing their Community Hall supported by IOM through the UN Highlights Peace Building Fund in Southern Highlands Province. © Peter Murorera/ IOM 2020 ◼ IOM strengthened emergency ◼ IOM reinforced peacebuilding ◼ IOM supported COVID-19 Risk preparedness in Milne Bay and efforts of women, men and youth Communication and Community Hela Provinces through training from conflict affected communities Engagement activities in East Sepik, disaster management actors on through training in Community East New Britain, West New Britain, use of the Displacement Tracking Peace for Development Planning Morobe, Oro, Jiwaka, Milne Bay, Matrix. and provision of material support in Madang, and Western Provinces. Southern Highlands Province. New Guinea (PNG) Fire Service, PNG Defense Force, DISPLACEMENT TRACKING MATRIX police, churches, local community representatives and Recognizing Milne Bay and Hela Provinces’ vulnerabilities volunteers, private sector and the United Nations (UN). to natural and human-induced hazards such as flooding Participants were trained and upskilled on data and tribal conflict that lead to population displacement, gathering, data management and analysis to track IOM through funding from USAID delivered Displacement population displacement and inform targeted responses. Tracking Matrix (DTM) trainings to 73 participants (56 men and 17 women) from the two Provinces. IOM’s DTM was initially utilized in Milne Bay following a fire in 2018 and in Hela following the M7.5 earthquake The trainings on the DTM information gathering tool, that struck the Highlands in February that same year. The held in Milne Bay (3-5 June 2020) and Hela (17-19 June DTM recorded critical data on persons displaced across 2020) attracted participants from the Government the provinces that was used for the targeting of (Provincial, District and Local Level), Community-Based humanitarian assistance.
    [Show full text]
  • PNG Tourism Sector Develop
    COMBINED PROJECT INFORMATION DOCUMENTS / INTEGRATED SAFEGUARDS DATA SHEET (PID/ISDS) APPRAISAL STAGE Report No.: PIDISDSA20714 Public Disclosure Copy 25-Nov-2016 Public Disclosure Authorized Date Prepared/Updated: I. BASIC INFORMATION A. Basic Project Data Country: Papua New Guinea Project ID: P158807 Parent Project ID (if any): Project Name: PNG Tourism Sector Development Project (P158807) Region: EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Estimated 17-Oct-2016 Estimated 05-May-2017 Public Disclosure Authorized Appraisal Date: Board Date: Practice Area Social, Urban, Rural and Lending Investment Project Financing (Lead): Resilience Global Practice Instrument: Borrower(s): Department of National Planning and Monitoring Implementing Ministry of Tourism, Art and Culture, PNG Tourism Promotion Authority Agency: Financing (in USD Million) Financing Source Amount BORROWER/RECIPIENT 0.00 International Development Association (IDA) 20.00 Public Disclosure Authorized Total Project Cost 20.00 Environmental B - Partial Assessment Category: Public Disclosure Copy Appraisal The review did authorize the team to appraise and negotiate Review Decision (from Decision Note): Other Decision: Is this a No Repeater project? Public Disclosure Authorized B. Introduction and Context Country Context The Papua New Guinea (PNG) economy has seen sustained positive economic performance over Page 1 of 17 the past decade, driven by its minerals and energy extraction sector, but this has not translated into inclusive development. Accounting for the majority of export earnings, the minerals and energy extraction sector has benefited from the global mineral resources boom. However, for the majority of the population who earn their livelihood outside those sectors, little seems to have Public Disclosure Copy changed as opportunities have not expanded. Consequently, there has been no major decline in poverty levels between 1996 and 2009/10, with almost 40 percent of the population living below the national poverty line.
    [Show full text]
  • Papua New Guinea: Featuring the Goroka Show
    Papua New Guinea: Featuring the Goroka Show 11 Days Papua New Guinea: Featuring the Goroka Show For nature and culture at its most primal, it's hard to top Papua New Guinea, where ever-changing landscapes harbor hundreds of unique species, and tribal life goes on much as it has for centuries. For active travelers and cultural enthusiasts, our Papua New Guinea adventure will take you to a world beyond your wildest dreams — a world of fire dancers, sorcerers and mud men. MT Sobek's diverse itinerary will introduce you to the nation's people and their ancient customs, as well as its looming volcanoes and stunning tropical fjords. Details Testimonials Arrive: Brisbane, Australia “We have traveled throughout the world, but never experienced a level of service and attention to detail Depart: Brisbane, Australia as we did with MT Sobek.“ Dennis G. Duration: 11 Days Group Size: 6-16 Guests “I have taken 12 trips with MT Sobek. Each has left a positive imprint on me—widening my view of the Minimum Age: 16 Years Old world and its peoples.” Jane B. Activity Level: . REASON #01 REASON #02 REASON #03 MT Sobek has been offering unique Our itinerary has been crafted in This itinerary is one of the few and immersive adventures in Papua consultation with expert local guides to include special passes to New Guinea for 3 years — with who understand the complexities the famous Goroka Show, every departure a sell-out success. of traveling in Papua New Guinea. an incredible annual event with over 1,000 participants. ACTIVITIES LODGING CLIMATE Immersive cultural encounters, Enjoy stays in beautiful beachside The lowland and hot coastal fjord cruising with opportunities resorts and comfortable hotels.
    [Show full text]
  • PNG: Sustainable Highlands Highway Investment Program -Tranche 2
    Initial Environmental Examination Project Number: 48444 Date: February 2020 Document status: Draft PNG: Sustainable Highlands Highway Investment Program -Tranche 2 Volume I: Erap River Bridge (Km 46+500) to Kabalipi River (Km 288 + 100) Prepared by the Department of Works (DOW) for Asian Development Bank This Initial Environmental Examination (Volume I) is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. ii CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of February 2020) Currency Unit – Kina (K) K1.00 = $0.294 $1.00 = K3.396 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank AIDS – Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AP – Affected Persons BOD – Biochemical Oxygen Demand CEMP – Contractor’s Environmental Management Plan CEPA – Conservation and Environmental Protection Authority CSC – Construction Supervision Consultant DC – Design Consultant DFAT – Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade of the Government of Australia DMS – Detailed Measurement Survey DNPM – Department of National Planning and Monitoring DOW – Department of Works EARF – Environmental Assessment and Review Framework EHSG _ Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines EHSO _ Environment,
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of the Implementation of the OLPG &
    ONSTITUTIONAL AND C LAW REFORM COMMISSION A Review of the Implementation of the OLPG & LLG: A Six Provinces Survey MONOGRAPH NO. 1 CONSTITUTIONAL AND LAW REFORM COMMISSION OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA MONOGRAPH 1 REVIEW OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE OLPG & LLG ON SERVICE DELIVERY ARRANGEMENTS: A SIX PROVINCES SURVEY Edited by DR LAWRENCE KALINOE ii Published in Port Moresby by: Constitutional and Law Reform Commission Level 1, Bank South Pacific Building, Boroko National Capital District Website: www.clrc.gov.pg Telephone: (675) 325 2862 (675) 325 2840 Fax: (675) 325 3375 Email: lawrence.kalinoe@clrc.gov.pg angela.anis@clrc.gov.pg The Constitutional and Law Reform Commission is a successor to the Law Reform Commission and the Constitutional Development Commission. It was established in 2005 pursuant to provisions of the Constitutional and Law Reform Commission Act (No. 24 of 2004) that was enacted on 24 th November, 2004 and proclaimed into force in March 2005. ISBN: 9980-9900-7-4 © 2009 Government of Papua New Guinea The text in this document (excluding the coat of arms) may be reproduced free of charge in any medium to the extent allowed under Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act 2000. The material must be acknowledged as State copyright and the title of the document acknowledged. iv Foreword _________________ There has been concerns raised about the state of affairs in the system of decentralization that we now have under the current Organic Law on Provincial and Local-level Governments – essentially that under this current system, delivery of basic government provided services such as in health, education, transportation, communication, etc., have deteriorated and that the current system is not functioning well.
    [Show full text]
  • Dive Kabaira Rabaul - Papua New Guinea Rabaul New Britain Is PNG's Largest Island
    Dive Kabaira Rabaul - Papua New Guinea Rabaul New Britain is PNG's largest island. East New Britain Province is the eastern part of the island, where Rabaul is located, about 2 hours flight north east of the capital Port Moresby. Rabaul harbour is an ancient volcanic caldera which partially collapsed, allowing the sea to enter, several thousand years ago. Today the harbour is ringed by several smaller volcanoes, most of which are dormant or extinct. Since two of the volcanoes erupted simultaneously in September 1994, businesses and the airport have been relocated to Kokopo which is 20 km south east of Rabaul. There are daily flights from Port Moresby, Hoskins and Kavieng to Kokopo. The flights are on Air Niugini's F28 jets. Kabaira Dive Resort is located on the north coast of New Brit- ain Island, 45 minutes drive from both Kokopo and Rabaul. Set right on the beach with views across Ataliklikun Bay and those much sought after tropical sunsets it is a great place to escape from civilization. Kabaira Dive is built on land originally used by local plantation owners as an overnight stopover while trans- porting cocoa and copra produce to Rabaul by boat since the 1940s. Today the main building has been renovated to be sleep- ing quarters, with one double, two twin and two single bed- rooms, and shared bathroom facilities. Adjacent to the sleeping Having been occupied by Japan during World War II, Rabaul quarters is the Dining Lounge and Pukpuk Bar. Three meals are has long been known for the WWII shipwrecks and planes that served daily, and the menu consists of Australian and Asian litter the coastline.
    [Show full text]
  • 47356-002: Power Sector Development Investment Program
    Initial Environmental Examination March 2021 Papua New Guinea: Power Sector Development Project Prepared by PNG Power Ltd for the Department of Petroleum and Energy, PNG, and the Asian Development Bank CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 10 March 2021) Currency unit – kina (K) K1.00 = $0.29 $1.00 = K3.51 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank AIFFP – Australian Infrastructure Financing Facility for the Pacific CEMP – Contractor Environmental Management Plan DNPM – Department of National Planning and Monitoring EMP – environment management plan FIRR – financial internal rate of return GBV – gender-based violence IEE – initial environmental examination kV – kilovolt km – kilometer MW – megawatt PAM – project administration manual PMU – project management unit PNG – Papua New Guinea PPL – PNG Power Limited ROW – right-of-way SCADA – supervisory control and data acquisition SOE – state-owned enterprise STEM – Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics TEIP – Town Electrification Investment Program NOTE In this report, “$” refers to United States dollars unless otherwise stated. This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian ii Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. iii CONTENTS CONTENTS I FIGURES II TABLES II ABBREVIATIONS III ELECTRICAL TERMINOLOGY III EXECUTIVE SUMMARY V I.
    [Show full text]
  • Harvesting Development
    HARVESTING DEVELOPMENT The Nordic Institute of Asian Studies (NIAS) is funded by the govern- ments of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden via the Nordic Council of Ministers, and works to encourage and support Asian studies in the Nordic countries. In so doing, NIAS has been publishing books since 1969, with more than one hundred titles produced in the last decade. Nordic Council of Ministers HARVESTING DEVELOPMENT THE CONSTRUCTION OF FRESH FOOD MARKETS IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA Karl Benediktsson Copyright © Karl Benediktsson 2002 All rights reserved. First Published in Denmark by Nordic Institute of Asian Studies (Simultaneously published in North America by The University of Michigan Press) Printed in Singapore No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the written permission of the publisher. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Benediktsson, Karl Harvesting development : the construction of fresh food markets in Papua New Guinea 1.Food supply - Papua New Guinea 2.Farm produce - Papua New Guinea I.Title II.Nordic Institute of Asian Studies 381'.4'5'6413'009953 ISBN 87-87062-92-5 (cloth) ISBN 87-87062-91-7 (paper) Contents Illustrations … vi Tables … viii Vignettes … viii Acknowledgements … ix Abbreviations … xii 1Introduction … 1 2Markets, commoditization, and actors: spacious concepts … 22 3Faces in the crowd: Lives and networks of selected actors … 54 4Fresh food movements in a fragmented national
    [Show full text]
  • Wilson Kamit: Current Economic and Financial Conditions in Papua New
    Wilson Kamit: Current economic and financial conditions in Papua New Guinea Speech by Mr Wilson Kamit, Governor of the Bank of Papua New Guinea, to the Western Highlands Provincial Community, on the occasion of the Bank Board meeting, Mt Hagen, 15 June 2005. * * * 1. Introduction Representatives of the Western Highlands Provincial Administration, leaders of the business and civic sectors of the Western Highlands community, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen. On behalf of the Board and officers of the Bank of Papua New Guinea, I wish to express our great pleasure for us to be here and to have the opportunity to meet with you. Many of you are no strangers to the Central Bank through the Business Liaison Surveys you assist in. The members of the Board comprise the Governor as Chairman, the two Deputy Governors, Mr. Benny Popoitai, the Deputy Governor for Management and Operations, and Mr. Loi Bakani, the Deputy Governor for Policy and Regulations. The members of the Board (ex-officio) who are appointed in accordance with Section 27 of the CBA (2000), which specifies representation by various industry and community organisations are: Mr. John Mahuk, President of the PNG Trade Union Congress Mr. Michael Mayberry, President of the PNG Chamber of Commerce Mr. Kostas Constantinou – Managing Director of the Lamana Hotel Ms. Betty Palaso – Deputy Commissioner, IRC There are three vacancies, the President of the PNG Institute of Accountants, the Chairman of the Securities Commission and another appointee of the Minister. The vacancy in the PNG Institute of Accountants was due to the death of the son of the Western Highlands Province, the Late Mr Patrick Kolta.
    [Show full text]