DOCSLIB.ORG

E. Mei-Li Roberts Phd Thesis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
E. Mei-Li Roberts Phd Thesis Translating Identities: ‘Being a missionary’ in Papua New Guinea Submitted by: E. Mei-Li Roberts For the degree of: PhD (Social Anthropology) Date of submission: March 13, 2006 Abstract Many studies of missionaries have taken an historical perspective, looking particularly at missionaries’ role in colonialism. However, missionaries are still very much part of contemporary Papua New Guinea (PNG), with a significant number of expatriate missionary groups working in PNG. This thesis is a study of a present day mission in PNG, SIL International, formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL). It examines the way in which the mission community is constructed and the boundaries and divisions within the community itself. It attempts to challenge some of the stereotypes of missionaries and show that there are different views of what it is to ‘be a missionary’ even within the missionary community itself. I focus particularly on what it means to ‘be a missionary’ and the ambiguities and ambivalences between the ideals and realities of mission work. The focus of the study was on SIL members themselves and their identities as missionaries rather than the effect of their missionising on others. This is examined through a number of different themes. Debates about the fence surrounding the mission station highlighted the way in which it created both a physical and a symbolic boundary between those living inside the fence and the people living outside of it. Related to this were debates regarding the mission station, Ukarumpa and how SIL members should ‘communicate the gospel’. SIL’s main goal is Bible translation and the thesis explores the challenges and problems of translation, both the practical aspects of Bible translation and translating between cultures. Literacy work is also an important part of SIL’s goal and is shown to be especially significant in maintaining a good relationship with the PNG government. Finally, notions of ‘home’ and ‘belonging’, particularly in relation to the children of missionaries, and the notion of ‘citizens of heaven’ is shown to help shape SIL members’ identities as ‘missionaries’. Contents List of illustrations Acknowledgements Introduction 1 Chapter One 38 Ukarumpa Chapter Two 96 History of the Land Dispute and Fence Chapter Three 150 Communicating the Gospel Chapter Four 201 Translation Chapter Five 260 Literacy Chapter Six 285 Citizens of Heaven: Missionary journeys between ‘homes’ Conclusion 328 Appendix A 344 Appendix B 356 Appendix C 363 Appendix D 366 Glossary 378 Bibliography 380 Illustrations Maps 1. Map of Ukarumpa (reproduced with permission of SIL- PNG) 2. Map of Papua New Guinea and SIL translations (reproduced with permission of SIL-PNG) Figures Figure 1.1 SIL PNG Branch Statistics As of 31 January 2002 44 Figure 1.2 Countries Represented Chart 44 Figure 1.3 SIL-PNG Organisational Structure 2001 47 Acknowledgements Firstly I would like to acknowledge my supervisor, Dr Mark Harris, not only for his patient supervision over the past few years but also his friendship. I would also like to acknowledge Dr Declan Quigley for his supervision during the first part of my PhD, particularly his emails encouraging me to think critically during my fieldwork. Thanks also to Dr Tony Crook for supervising me while Dr Harris was on sabbatical and for giving me insight into the Melanesian aspect of the thesis. Dr Mario Aguilar, my undergraduate supervisor, was instrumental in encouraging me to continue my undergraduate research as a PhD student and helped to spark my interest in missionaries. I would also like to thank Dr Eric Hirsch for his helpful advice and the many references he has provided. Dr Alex Greene has not only provided support while I have been completing my thesis but has also become a good friend. I would like to thank all in the Ukarumpa community, both old friends and new, who made me feel welcome, looked after me and were available for many discussions and debates. I hope that this thesis will reflect some of the conversations I had during my fieldwork. Thanks to the SIL Directors for allowing me to do fieldwork in Ukarumpa and being available for interviews. I especially wish to thank Kim and Anong for providing friendship and people to share a house with! I also want to thank John and Helen Hobson for looking after me and acting as second ‘parents’. Thanks also to Anastasia, Sharon and Avi and all at the Ladies Fellowship. I would also like to acknowledge all the friends who have supported me throughout the thesis. Firstly, thanks to Judith and Aidy for helping me financially to get started on the PhD and thanks also for their friendship throughout. Heather has provided an excellent sounding board over the years and I hope will find the final version interesting! Thanks also to Kirsty, Ineke and Tracey for looking after me when I came back from fieldwork. I would particularly like to thank my fiancé, Cailean, for encouraging me to finish the thesis, and for making me motivated to work on it when at times it has seemed never-ending! Finally, would like to thank my family, John, Kwai, Matthew and Abigail, for all their love and encouragement throughout the PhD and for showing me what it means to ‘be a missionary’. SIL Linguistics Library 1 INTRODUCTION Introduction The stereotype of the nineteenth century missionary is still a prevalent image of missionaries and, indeed there are some who believe that missionaries no longer exist in ‘a multicultural, post- Christian (even postmodern) world’ (Swanson 1995: 6). Accordingly, many studies of missionary activity have taken a historical perspective, focusing primarily on the early period of missionary contact and on conversion, looking particularly at missionaries’ contribution to the colonial encounter. In fact, some have argued that in the final analysis Pacific Christianity must ‘be understood in terms of colonization’ (Beckett 1978: 209; cf. Huber 1988). However, as this study will show, processes of missionization are not only confined to the colonial past, but are ongoing practices continuing today and are a significant part of post-colonial Melanesia. Historian James Reed [1983] has observed that “the Protestant missionary movement began to wane in the 1920s and, despite periodic atavism and latter-day nostalgia, the decline continues to this day.” But William Hutchison [1987] terms this “a bit of conventional wisdom that was both accurate and wildly incorrect.” On the one hand, if defined as a significant movement of the Protestant establishment within the mainstream of American culture, Hutchinson points out that foreign missions had indeed diminished almost to extinction by the mid-twentieth century. But on the other hand, marginalized fundamentalists and independent evangelical “faith missions” had picked up (and even expanded) the foreign missions enterprise where the liberalized mainline denominations had left off. (Swanson 1995: 6) In this study, I attempt to challenge some of the stereotypes of missionaries by looking at a contemporary mission setting in Papua New Guinea. Missionary activity is often viewed as monolithic and 2 INTRODUCTION unified, however, like other colonial projects it ‘is not a unitary project but a fractured one, riddled with contradictions and exhausted as much by its own internal debates as by the resistance of the colonized’ (Thomas 1994: 51). As Langmore shows in Missionary Lives: Papua, 1874-1914, there is variety and diversity both between different missions and among the individuals that comprise those missions. Literature Review There are several different approaches to the study of missionaries ranging from studying the missionaries themselves to the indigenous response to their presence. In Mission, Church, and Sect in Oceania (Boutilier, Hughes, and Tiffany 1978), a pioneering work examining the role and effects of missionaries in Oceania, some of the main issues regarding mission activity are raised. These are: the relationship between missionaries and anthropologists; missionization from an historical perspective; local-level missionary adaptation; and the indigenous response to missionization. Here, I intend to examine these various approaches through a review of the literature concerned. The relationship between missionaries and anthropologists has often been one of deep ambivalence and contradictions. Anthropologists and missionaries have, at least in stereotype, been at odds with one another for many decades. The caricatured missionary is a strait- laced, repressed, and narrow-minded Bible thumper trying to get the native women to cover their bosoms decently; the anthropologist is a bearded degenerate given to taking his clothes off and sampling wild rites. (Keesing and Strathern 1998: 377) In practice, moreover, anthropologists and missionaries not only stereotyped each other but sometimes cross-dressed and entered into 3 INTRODUCTION myriad mutable varieties of personal and professional relationships, in which certain broad patterns can be traced. (Douglas 2001: 40) Although early anthropologists relied heavily on missionary publications and there have been many missionary ethnographers, the general attitude of anthropologists toward missionaries has been negative. (Stipe 1980: 168) Criticism of missionaries, present and past, is as pervasive in academic discourse as it is in the wider literary circles addressed by Hitchen’s Mother Teresa book. Indeed, any scholar who embarks on missionary studies aiming to contribute to the literature on colonial/postcolonial society (as
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 16. Communication, Logistics and Inter-Agency Partnerships in the Eastern Highlands Provincial Electorate
    16. Communication, Logistics and Inter-Agency Partnerships in the Eastern Highlands Provincial Electorate Michael Unage With the introduction of limited preferential voting (LPV), and the late legislative change to voting procedures in November 2006, many predicted that the 2007 general election would be a failure. Nonetheless, there was general satisfaction with the election outcome, with election-related violence in the Highlands down significantly from 2002 levels. Among factors contributing to electoral success, communications, logistics and inter-agency partnership were critical. This paper examines issues of communications, logistics and inter- agency partnership in the Eastern Highlands provincial electorate. Background Eastern Highlands is one of the 19 provincial electorates in the country. It shares borders with Morobe, Madang, Simbu and Gulf provinces. Eastern Highlands has eight open electorates—Daulo, Goroka, Unggai-Bena, Lufa, Henganofi, Okapa, Kainantu and Obura-Wonenara (Figure 16.1). At the 2000 census, Eastern Highlands had a population of 432,972. In 2007 the total number of votes polled in the provincial electorate was 354,495. There are 24 local-level governments (LLGs) in the province: two urban LLGs (Goroka Urban and Kainantu Urban) and 22 rural LLGs. Population is concentrated in the flat lands around Kainantu and Goroka, reflecting the gravitation of people towards the urban areas. Goroka town was established in 1939 and became the major administrative and commercial centre of the province. The province has rich temperate valleys and ridges, which attracted the attention of early gold prospectors such as Mick Dwyer and Mick Leahy and now support a thriving arabica coffee industry. Coffee, ‘the money that grows on trees’, is the lifeblood of Eastern Highlands Province.
    [Show full text]
  • Agricultural Systems of Papua New Guinea Working Paper No. 8
    AUSTRALIAN AGENCY for INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA Working Paper No. 8 EASTERN HIGHLANDS PROVINCE TEXT SUMMARIES, MAPS, CODE LISTS AND VILLAGE IDENTIFICATION R.M. Bourke, B.J. Allen, RL. Hide, D. Fritsch, R. Grau, P. Hobsbawn, E. Lowes and D. Stannard REVISED and REPRINTED 2002 THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY · PAPUA NEW GUINEA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK UNIVERSITY OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA Working Paper No. 8 EASTERN HIGHLANDS PROVINCE TEXT SUMMARIES, MAPS, CODE LISTS AND VILLAGE IDENTIFICATION R.M. Bourke, B.J. Allen, R.L. Hide, D. Fritsch, R. Grau, P. Hobsbawn, E. Lowes and D. Stannard Department of Human Geography, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia REVISED and REPRINTED 2002 Correct Citation: Bourke, R.M., Allen, B.J., Hide, R.L., Fritsch, D., Grau, R., Hobsbawn, P., Lowes, E. and Stannard, D. (2002). Eastern Highlands Province: Text Summaries, Maps, Code Lists and Village Identification. Agricultural Systems of Papua New Guinea Working Paper No. 8. Land Management Group, Department of Human Geography, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra. Revised edition. National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication Entry: Eastern Highlands Province: text summaries, maps, code lists and village identification. Rev. ed. ISBN 0 9579381 8 7 1. Agricultural systems – Papua New Guinea – Eastern Highlands Province. 2. Agricultural geography – Papua New Guinea – Eastern Highlands Province. 3. Agricultural mapping – Papua New Guinea – Eastern Highlands Province. I. Bourke, R.M. (Richard Michael). II. Australian National University. Land Management Group. (Series: Agricultural systems of Papua New Guinea working paper; no.
    [Show full text]
  • Milestone 103 Review of ART Pilot June 2006 National HIV/AIDS
    National HIV/AIDS Support Project (NHASP) Milestone 103 Review of ART Pilot June 2006 In association with: PNG National HIV/AIDS Support Project Table of Contents ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS................................................................ VI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS....... VIII 1. BACKGROUND AND METHODOLOGY ......................................................1 1.1 HIV in PNG .................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 National Strategic Plan (NSP) on HIV & AIDS .......................................................................... 1 1.3 Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Roll Out ...................................................................................... 2 1.4 Methodology ................................................................................................................................... 3 2. HEDURU CLINIC REPORT...........................................................................4 2.1 Background..................................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 HIV Seroprevalence and HIV/AIDS at Heduru Clinic and Port Moresby General Hospital . 4 2.3 Methodology of Heduru Clinic Review ........................................................................................ 5 2.4 Current Staffing at Heduru..........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Print This Article
    MODELING PAST AND PRESENT IN THE EASTERN HIGHLANDS OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA: SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL J. David Cole Research Affiliate, The Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington Email: [email protected] K.J. Pataki-Schweizer Research Affiliate, The Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington Email: [email protected] or their way of life. In the words of R.I. Skinner SUPPLEMENT 1: CONTACT HISTORY IN (1947–48): THE PROJECT AREA Most of the area visited on this patrol had not For purposes of perspective in considering the been previously visited. Several parties had simulations presented in this report and for un- passed through the Awka-Kasokana, includ- derstanding the increase in population growth in ing Patrol Officer G. F. Neilsen, when pro- the historical period for the study area, it is use- ceeding to Papua during 1943 (approximate- ful to consider its contact history. In the pages ly). Mr. K. F. Ubank also passed through this that follow, we discuss contact history south of area on his way from Kainantu to Papua. Mr. the Eastern Highland’s major basins in terms of F. H. Moy visited the Upper Lamari about four remote regions (see Figure 2, main text): 1937. ... C. R. Croft also visited the northern South Tairora from Suwaira to its boundary Head of the Lamari in 1937 or 1938 and the zone with Awa in the lower Lamari Valley; the route of this patrol followed the same track Auyana basin and uplands from the Kratke as that taken by Croft when crossing from the Range near Nori’arunda in the north to Indona Upper Lamari to the Nompia Area [North near Okapa in the South; Awa extending from Tairora basin].
    [Show full text]
  • Story of Coffee in Papua New Guinea
    Story of Coffee in Papua New Guinea Contrary to what is often assumed, Papua New Guinea's coffee industry is not based upon large, corporately-owned plantations, but on tens of thousands of small, village coffee gardens. Typically, they range in size from 20 trees to 500 or 600. These family- owned coffee gardens produce over 70% of the countries' annual exportable crop; a crop which has averaged one million bags, or 60,000 tonnes per year in recent times. The balance of the crop is grown on commercial plantations which range from 20 to 100 hectares and more in size. Again, of a total of 461 plantations registered with the Coffee Industry Corporation, all but half a dozen of the largest are owned by local, village- based business groups or individuals. It is estimated that nearly 2,000,000 people, or almost half of the nation's population, derive a benefit from the coffee industry. Certainly, in the highlands provinces, commerce and development would never have reached today's levels without the annual flow of income from this crop, a flow which begins in April, peaks in July/August and then tapers off quickly, so that the highland towns are comparatively quiet again in the final months of the year. The coffee crop is 'green gold' which enriches the country annually to the extent of three to four hundred million kina in overseas earnings. It is PNG's most valuable agricultural export. And it is an eternally renewable resource. Back in the early 1950s an active policy of encouraging the establishment of village coffee gardens was initiated, particularly in the highlands where the environment is ideal for the growing of Arabica coffee.
    [Show full text]
  • 48444-004: Sustainable Highlands
    Initial Environmental Examination (Updated as of August 2019) Project Number: 48444-004 Date: August 2019 Document status: Updated Version PNG: Sustainable Highlands Highway Investment Program – Tranche 1 Prepared by the Department of Works (DOW) for the Asian Development Bank This Initial Environmental Examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or Staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of 31 July 2019) Currency Unit – Kina (K) K1.00 = $ 0.2945 $1.00 = K3.3956 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank AEP – Aggregate Extraction Plan AIDS – Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome BOD - Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOQ – Bill of Quantities CEMP - Contractor’s Environmental Management Plan CEPA – Conservation and Environmental Protection Authority CEPA-MD – CEPA-Managing Director CRVA _ Climate Risk Vulnerability Assessment CSC - Construction Supervision Consultant DLPP - Department of Lands and Physical Planning DMR – Department of Mineral Resources DNPM - Department of National Planning and Monitoring DOW – Department of Works EARF – Environmental Assessment and Review Framework EHSG _ Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of the Implementation of the OLPG &
    ONSTITUTIONAL AND C LAW REFORM COMMISSION A Review of the Implementation of the OLPG & LLG: A Six Provinces Survey MONOGRAPH NO. 1 CONSTITUTIONAL AND LAW REFORM COMMISSION OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA MONOGRAPH 1 REVIEW OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE OLPG & LLG ON SERVICE DELIVERY ARRANGEMENTS: A SIX PROVINCES SURVEY Edited by DR LAWRENCE KALINOE ii Published in Port Moresby by: Constitutional and Law Reform Commission Level 1, Bank South Pacific Building, Boroko National Capital District Website: www.clrc.gov.pg Telephone: (675) 325 2862 (675) 325 2840 Fax: (675) 325 3375 Email: [email protected] [email protected] The Constitutional and Law Reform Commission is a successor to the Law Reform Commission and the Constitutional Development Commission. It was established in 2005 pursuant to provisions of the Constitutional and Law Reform Commission Act (No. 24 of 2004) that was enacted on 24 th November, 2004 and proclaimed into force in March 2005. ISBN: 9980-9900-7-4 © 2009 Government of Papua New Guinea The text in this document (excluding the coat of arms) may be reproduced free of charge in any medium to the extent allowed under Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act 2000. The material must be acknowledged as State copyright and the title of the document acknowledged. iv Foreword _________________ There has been concerns raised about the state of affairs in the system of decentralization that we now have under the current Organic Law on Provincial and Local-level Governments – essentially that under this current system, delivery of basic government provided services such as in health, education, transportation, communication, etc., have deteriorated and that the current system is not functioning well.
    [Show full text]
  • Topics in the Grammar of Binumarien Tone and Switch Reference in a Kainantu Language of Papua New Guinea
    Topics in the Grammar of Binumarien Tone and switch reference in a Kainantu language of Papua New Guinea Renger van Dasselaar s1392190 Thesis ResMA Linguistics, July 2019 First supervisor: prof. dr. M.A.F. Klamer Second supervisor: dr. E.I. Crevels The cover picture shows the house of Aka and Sero, at their request. It was taken in November 2018, during the author’s linguistic fieldwork in Binumarien. ii Table of Contents Acknowledgements..................................................................................................................... v List of abbreviations and glosses .......................................................................................... vi 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1.1 The Binumarien language 1 1.1.2 The Binumarien community 2 1.1.3 Surrounding and related languages 3 1.2 Fieldwork in Binumarien ...................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Database for this study .......................................................................................................... 5 1.4 Content overview ..................................................................................................................... 6 2 Phonology ..............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • PAPUA NEW GUINEA Ramu River Below Yonki Dam Spillway 1
    PAPUA NEW GUINEA Ramu River below Yonki dam Spillway 1. COUNTRY INTRODUCTION Description: Economy: Located directly north of Australia and east of Papua New Guinea (PNG) has vast reserves of Indonesia, in between the Coral Sea and the natural resources, but exploitation has been South Pacific Ocean, Papua New Guinea (PNG) hampered by rugged terrain, land tenure issues, comprises several large high volcanic islands and and the high cost of developing infrastructure. numerous volcanic and coral atolls. PNG has the The economy is focused mainly on the extraction largest land area found within the Pacific Island and export of the abundant natural resources. Countries with an area of over 462,840kms2. The Mineral deposits, including copper, gold, and highest point is Mount Wilhelm at 4,509m. The oil, account for nearly two-thirds of the export land is characterised by densely forested steep earnings. Agriculture provides a subsistence catchments, where less than 0.5% of the land area livelihood for 85% of the people. Natural gas is considered arable with an estimated 1.4% of reserves amount to an estimated 227 billion cubic total the land used for permanent crops. meters. A consortium led by a major American oil company is constructing a liquefied natural The 2000 census data identifies a population gas (LNG) production facility that could begin of 5,190,786 (PNG, National Statistics Office), exporting in 2014. As the largest investment with an estimated 87% of the population project in the country’s history, it has the living in rural areas (Demography and Housing potential to double GDP in the near-term and survey, 2006).
    [Show full text]
  • Harvesting Development
    HARVESTING DEVELOPMENT The Nordic Institute of Asian Studies (NIAS) is funded by the govern- ments of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden via the Nordic Council of Ministers, and works to encourage and support Asian studies in the Nordic countries. In so doing, NIAS has been publishing books since 1969, with more than one hundred titles produced in the last decade. Nordic Council of Ministers HARVESTING DEVELOPMENT THE CONSTRUCTION OF FRESH FOOD MARKETS IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA Karl Benediktsson Copyright © Karl Benediktsson 2002 All rights reserved. First Published in Denmark by Nordic Institute of Asian Studies (Simultaneously published in North America by The University of Michigan Press) Printed in Singapore No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the written permission of the publisher. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Benediktsson, Karl Harvesting development : the construction of fresh food markets in Papua New Guinea 1.Food supply - Papua New Guinea 2.Farm produce - Papua New Guinea I.Title II.Nordic Institute of Asian Studies 381'.4'5'6413'009953 ISBN 87-87062-92-5 (cloth) ISBN 87-87062-91-7 (paper) Contents Illustrations … vi Tables … viii Vignettes … viii Acknowledgements … ix Abbreviations … xii 1Introduction … 1 2Markets, commoditization, and actors: spacious concepts … 22 3Faces in the crowd: Lives and networks of selected actors … 54 4Fresh food movements in a fragmented national
    [Show full text]
  • <I>Syzygium</I> (<I>Myrtaceae</I>)
    Blumea 66, 2021: 57–81 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea RESEARCH ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.01.03 Studies in Papuasian Syzygium (Myrtaceae): 2. The furfuraceous species of subg. Syzygium L.A. Craven1,†, K.Q. Damas2, K.J. Cowley1 Key words Abstract The furfuraceous species of Syzygium subg. Syzygium in Papuasia are revised. The scurfy, furfuraceous epidermis that is a feature of the inflorescence branches and sometimes also of the hypanthium, the commonly Furfuraceum chestnut brown colour of the dried leaves, and the reduced calyx that occurs in many species are characteristic identification key features of the group. Within this subgenus, a new section Furfuraceum is described to accommodate these maps morphologically recognisable species. Descriptions are provided for each of the 40 species recognised, 28 of which Myrtaceae are new. An identification key, distribution maps and an index to numbered exsiccatae are provided. Papuasia revision Syzygium Citation: Craven LA, Damas KQ, Cowley KJ. 2021. Studies in Papuasian Syzygium (Myrtaceae): 2. The furfuraceous species of subg. Syzygium. Blumea 66 (1): 57–81. https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.01.03. Effectively published online: 10 March 2021. INTRODUCTION leaves within the reproductive seasonal growth unit are very distinct in their size and form to those of the vegetative growth A concise background to recent research on the taxonomy units. A characteristic feature of the furfuraceous species is that of Syzygium P.Browne ex Gaertn. in Papuasia is given in the the leaves commonly dry a dark, chestnut brown and this is a first paper in this series (Craven 2019).
    [Show full text]
  • 2017 Papua New Guinea General Elections Election Observation Report
    2017 PAPUA NEW GUINEA GENERAL ELECTIONS ELECTION OBSERVATION REPORT Australian National University Department of Pacific Affairs 2017 PAPUA NEW GUINEA GENERAL ELECTIONS ELECTION OBSERVATION REPORT November 2018 Australian National University Department of Pacific Affairs ABOUT THE AUTHORS Associate Professor Nicole Haley heads the Australian National University (ANU) Department of Pacific Affairs (DPA). Funded in partnership by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) and ANU, DPA (formerly known as the State, Society and Governance in Melanesia (SSGM) Program) is the leading international centre for applied multidisciplinary research and analysis concerning Melanesia and the broader Pacific. For the past 25 years, Haley has conducted deep, long-term empirical and applied policy-relevant research in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and has published extensively on aspects of political and social conflict. Her PhD entitled Ipakana Yakaiya: Mapping Landscapes, Mapping Lives – Contemporary Land Politics among the Duna, was an innovative and landmark study, which was awarded the 2003 ANU Crawford Prize for Academic Excellence. Haley has observed the past five national elections in PNG and has led large scale election observations in PNG, Solomon Islands and Samoa. In 2014 she received the Vice Chancellor’s Award for Public Policy and Outreach, in recognition of her substantial public policy contribution to the “areas of women’s empowerment and political participation, electoral monitoring and electoral reform”. Dr Kerry Zubrinich is a Research Fellow with DPA, ANU. For the past 30 years her research has centred on aspects of social life in Melanesia, with the peoples of PNG and the indigenous peoples of West Papua her key research focus.
    [Show full text]