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An Overview of SAE International Standards Activities Related to Hybrid / Electric Vehicles
An Overview of SAE International Standards Activities Related to Hybrid / Electric Vehicles Keith Wilson Technical Program Manager, Ground Vehicle Standards 1 Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE International. Global Ground Vehicle Standards Structure Executive Standards Committee Specialized Materials Parts Systems Motor Vehicle Truck & Bus Fuels & Lubes Aerospace ConAG Council Vehicles & Processes Management Council Council Council Council Council Council Council Steering Steering Steering Steering Steering Steering Steering Steering Cmte Cmte Cmte Cmte Cmte Cmte Cmte Cmte Cmte Cmte Cmte Cmte Cmte Cmte Cmte Cmte TF TF TF TF TF TF TF TF • 145,000+ SAE members • 8,375 GV Standards Published • 564 GV Technical • 2,900 Companies Committees worldwide • 1,817 GV Standards Maintained • Representatives from 50 • Representatives from 100 • 8,800 GV Committee Countries • 491 GV WIP Standards Countries Members Global Ground Vehicle Standards 2 Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE International. SAE EV, Hybrid & Fuel Cell Vehicle Standards Development Hybrid SAE EV / Hybrid Vehicle Steering Committee Heavy Sound Vehicle Wireless Charging ➢ Started – 2005 Charging ➢ Current Committee Membership EV & Hybrid Safety Terminology ▪ > 1100 Individual Participants ▪ > 500 Companies Power Quality for SAE Electric • OEM’s Chargers EV/Hybrid Motor Vehicle Rating Steering • Suppliers Committee First & • Government Fuel Cell Second Emissions Responder • Academia ➢ 10 EV / Hybrid Vehicle Subcommittees Communication & Fuel Cell Interoperability ➢ 4 Fuel Cell Standards Subcommittees Interface ➢ 66 SAE EV, Hybrid, Fuel Cell Vehicle Standards Conductive Published to Date Fuel Cell Charge Performance Couplers Fuel Cell Safety Global Ground Vehicle Standards 3 Copyright © SAE International. -
Electric Bus Feasibility Study for the City of Edmonton
I II ELECTRIC BUS FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR THE CITY OF EDMONTON JUNE 2016 A REPORT PREPARED BY III IV TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.1 DESCRIPTION OF MANDATE 1:1 1.2 CONCLUSIONS 1:1 1.3 MAIN FINDINGS 1:4 1.3.1 CUSTOMER PERCEPTIONS OF THE E-BUSES 1:4 1.3.2 ETS AND CITY STAFF PERCEPTIONS OF THE E-BUSES 1:4 1.3.3 DESCRIPTION OF THE FIELD TRIALS 1:5 1.3.4 EXPECTED RELIABILITY OF E-BUSES IN SERVICE 1:6 1.3.5 EXTERNALITIES 1:7 1.3.6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF E-BUSES AT ETS 1:8 1.3.7 THE ELECTRIC BUS TECHNOLOGY AND ITS EVOLUTION 1:9 1.4 THE BUSINESS CASE FOR E-BUSES IN EDMONTON 1:10 1.5 RECOMMENDATIONS 1:13 2 DESCRIPTION OF MANDATE 2.1 OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY 2:1 2.2 METHODOLOGY 2:1 2.3 LIMITATIONS OF THIS REPORT 2:2 3 DESCRIPTION OF FIELD TRIALS 3.1 THE ELECTRIC BUSES USED FOR WINTER EVALUATION 3:1 3.2 DURATION AND TIMING OF THE TRIALS 3:4 3.3 DUTY CYCLES OF THE BUSES 3:5 3.4 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS DURING THE TRIALS 3:6 3.5 DATA COLLECTION DURING THE FIELD TRIALS 3:7 3.6 AVAILABILITY OF THE BUSES DURING TRIALS 3:7 3.7 EXTRAORDINARY EVENTS 3:7 3.8 ANALYSIS AND SUMMARY OF TRIALS 3:8 3.8.1 RANGE, STATE OF CHARGE (SOC), ENERGY USAGE (TOTAL TEST AVERAGE) 3:8 3.8.2 TEMPERATURE AND ENERGY USAGE 3:10 3.8.3 ROUTE ANALYSIS 3:13 3.8.4 IMPACT OF SLOPE ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION 3:14 3.8.5 INTERIOR BUS TEMPERATURE ANALYSIS 3:18 3.8.6 OTHER PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS 3:20 3.9 KEY FINDINGS 3:21 4 CUSTOMER PERCEPTIONS OF THE E-BUSES 4.1 METHODOLOGY 4:1 4.2 E-BUS RIDER PERCEPTIONS (AS MEASURED DURING TRIALS) 4:2 4.2.1 BUS MODEL 4:2 4.2.2 NOTICED A DIFFERENT DESIGN -
Electrification of the Sunshine Coast Transit System: a Feasibility Study
Electrification of the Sunshine Coast Transit System: A Feasibility Study ENVR 400 Final Report Carol Fu Jason Lin Michelle Marcus Tom Cui In collaboration with the 2 Degrees Institute University of British Columbia ENVR 400: Community Project in Environmental Science Research Advisor: Tara Ivanochko April 9, 2020 Table of Contents Abstract 5 Author Biographies 6 Introduction 7 The Climate Emergency 7 The Sunshine Coast Transit System 7 Figure 1. 8 Figure 2. 9 Table 1. 9 Project Aims 10 Electric Bus Operations 10 Overview of Trade-offs Between Technologies 10 Table 2. 11 Figure 3. 12 Figure 4. 12 1) Infrastructure requirements 12 Summary: Electric Bus Operations 14 Optimization of Bus Charging Schedules 14 Methodology 14 Figure 5. 15 Figure 6. 16 Results and Discussion 17 Table 3. 17 Figure 7. 18 Figure 8. 19 Summary: Optimization of Bus Charging Schedules 19 Life Cycle Cost Analysis 19 Methodology 19 Table 4. 20 Figure 9. 20 Table 5. 21 Table 6. 23 Figure 10. 24 2 Table 7. 24 Figure 11. 25 Discussion 25 Summary: Life Cycle Cost Analysis 26 Ridership Strategies 26 Figure 12. 27 Literature Review: Ridership Improvement Strategies 27 Table 8. 30 Figure 13. 30 Figure 14. 30 Results and Discussion 31 Table 9. 31 Summary: Ridership Strategies 33 Conclusion, Limitations and Further Studies 33 Conclusion 33 Limitations 34 Further Studies 34 Acknowledgements 35 References 36 Appendix I: Optimization of Charging Schedules 42 Mathematical Reasoning Behind Charging Schedule Algorithm 42 Algorithm Code in R 42 Appendix II: Ridership Strategies 47 Table 10. 47 Table 11. 48 3 Abstract Electrifying transportation is a necessary part of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in order to mitigate global climate change. -
The US Transit Bus Manufacturing Industry
San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks Mineta Transportation Institute Publications 10-2016 The US Transit Bus Manufacturing Industry David Czerwinski San Jose State University, [email protected] Xu (Cissy) Hartling Salem State University Jing Zhang San Jose State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/mti_publications Part of the Public Policy Commons, and the Transportation Commons Recommended Citation David Czerwinski, Xu (Cissy) Hartling, and Jing Zhang. "The US Transit Bus Manufacturing Industry" Mineta Transportation Institute Publications (2016). This Report is brought to you for free and open access by SJSU ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mineta Transportation Institute Publications by an authorized administrator of SJSU ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MTI Funded by U.S. Department of Services Transit Census California of Water 2012 Transportation and California The US Transit Bus Department of Transportation Manufacturing Industry MTI ReportMTI 12-02 December 2012 MTI Report 12-66 MINETA TRANSPORTATION INSTITUTE MTI FOUNDER LEAD UNIVERSITY OF MNTRC Hon. Norman Y. Mineta The Mineta Transportation Institute (MTI) was established by Congress in 1991 as part of the Intermodal Surface Transportation MTI/MNTRC BOARD OF TRUSTEES Equity Act (ISTEA) and was reauthorized under the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st century (TEA-21). MTI then successfully competed to be named a Tier 1 Center in 2002 and 2006 in the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Founder, Honorable Norman Joseph Boardman (Ex-Officio) Diane Woodend Jones (TE 2019) Richard A. White (Ex-Officio) Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU). -
Best Practices and Key Considerations For
BEST PRACTICES AND KEY CONSIDERATIONS FOR TRANSIT ELECTRIFICATION AND CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE DEPLOYMENT TO DELIVER PREDICTABLE, RELIABLE, AND COST-EFFECTIVE FLEET SYSTEMS First Published JUNE 2020 Edition 2.0 SEPTEMBER 2020 AUTHORS Dr.Josipa Petrunic, President & CEO Dr. Elnaz Abotalebi, Researcher & Project Lead Dr. Abhishek Raj, Researcher c 2 COPYRIGHT © 2020 Information in this document is to be considered the intellectual property of the Canadian Urban Transit Research and Innovation Consortium in accordance with Canadian copyright law. This report was prepared by the Canadian Urban Transit Research and Innovation Consortium for the account of Natural Resources Canada. The material in it reflects the Canadian Urban Transit Research and Innovation Consortium’s best judgment in light of the information available to it at the time of preparation. Any use that a third party makes of this report or any reliance on or decisions to be made based on it are the responsibility of such third parties. The Canadian Urban Transit Research and Innovation Consortium accepts no responsibility of such third parties. The Canadian Urban Transit Research and Innovation Consortium accepts no responsibility for damages, if any, suffered by any third party as a result of decisions made or actions based on this report. UPDATE: COVID-19 PUBLICATION IMPACT The publication of this report has been delayed by three months due to the COVID-19 global pandemic. This report, and the majority of research included within it, was completed primarily between September 2019 and March 2020 – prior to the novel coronavirus pandemic affecting local economies and transit revenue across Canada. While efforts have been made to include relevant announcements by Canadian transit agencies since that time, specifically as they relate to electric buses, many investment decisions and funding programs related to municipal green infrastructure deployments may change this year as a result of the financial crisis unfolding in cities across the country. -
Proterra Response to Delaware EMP.Pdf
Exhibit A The Public Transit Electrification Project: Sustainable Mobility for Delaware Project Application Information Proterra Inc. Eric J. McCarthy Private Corporation (Non-Government) 1 Whitlee Court, Greenville, SC 29607 864-214-2668 [email protected] PROJECT SUMMARY Zero-emission public transit buses are ripe for immediate scaling and investment from the Environmental Mitigation Trust to help carry out the goals of Delaware’s mitigation plan to reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions and expedite deployment and widespread adoption of zero-emission vehicles. The Public Transit Electrification Project will initially deploy 5 zero-emission, battery-electric transit buses and 5 multi-use depot charging stations at one or more Delaware municipalities to provide electric mobility for all Delaware residents and serve as a strong spark to accelerate the deployment of ZEVs, reduce diesel emissions and eliminate toxic air pollutants. The size of the project, however, can easily scale to accommodate other interested transit agencies and/or airports. Proterra, the leading U.S. provider of zero-emission, all-electric transit solutions, designs and manufactures the world’s most fuel-efficient battery electric bus and features on-route, fast-charge technology that offers functionally unlimited range, as well as an extended range version that enables transit agencies to travel 350 miles on a single charge. Proterra’s CATALYST™ bus achieves 22+ MPGe performance, 500%+ better than diesel and CNG buses, eliminating toxic diesel particulate matter and reducing carbon emissions by 70% or more compared to CNG or diesel buses. To date, Proterra’s buses have logged 4.5+ million miles of service in cities across the United States. -
Battery Electric Bus and Facilities Analysis FINAL REPORT January 2020 Prepared For
Battery Electric Bus and Facilities Analysis FINAL REPORT January 2020 Prepared for: Prepared by: Electric Bus Analysis ______________________________________________________________________________ Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................. 1 1 Background - MCTS Fleet, Facilities, and Service Profile .................................................................... 5 1.1 Bus Fleet and Maintenance Facilities............................................................................................ 5 1.2 Bus Routes and Service Profile...................................................................................................... 6 1.3 New BRT Route ............................................................................................................................. 6 2 Status of North American Electric Bus Industry .................................................................................. 8 2.1 Electric Buses In-service and on Order ......................................................................................... 8 2.2 Electric Bus Manufacturers ........................................................................................................... 9 2.3 Available Electric Bus Models ..................................................................................................... 11 3 Electric Bus Charging Options ........................................................................................................... -
An Overview of SAE International Standards Activities Related to Charging of Hybrid / Electric Vehicles
SAE INTERNATIONAL An Overview of SAE International Standards Activities Related to Charging of Hybrid / Electric Vehicles Keith Wilson, Director, Technical Programs Ground Vehicle Standards SAE International SAE Global Ground Vehicle Standards in a Nutshell • 145,000+ SAE • 8,375 Standards • 609 • 2,898 members Published Technical Companies worldwide • Committees 1,817 Standards • Representatives • Representatives Maintained • 9,933 from 50 Countries from 100 • 491 WIP Standards Committee Countries Members SAE INTERNATIONAL © Copyright 2016 Criteria for and benefits of Standards Development Establishes Best Practices Enhance safety Create common language Facilitate trade through reduced regulations Harmonize global markets Voluntary & Collaborative Effort Improve the environment Leverages Industry Expertise Increase productivity of processes Provide Foundational Elements Permit common interfaces Speeds Technology Advancement Promote uniform testing or performance Addresses Common Pinch Points Reduce costs SAE INTERNATIONAL © Copyright 2016 SAE EV, Hybrid & Fuel Cell Vehicle Standards Development Fuel Hybrid Sound SAE EV / Hybrid Vehicle Steering Committee Economy & Wireless Emissions Charging Started – 2005 EV & Hybrid Current Committee Membership Safety Terminology . > 1100 Individual Participants Power Safety & Quality for Abuse . > 500 Companies Chargers Testing • OEM’s SAE EV/Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicle Steering Electric Committee • Suppliers Emissions Motor Rating • Government First & • Academia Fuel Cell Second Interface -
ELECTRIFYING TRANSIT: a GUIDEBOOK for IMPLEMENTING BATTERY ELECTRIC BUSES Alana Aamodt, Karlynn Cory, and Kamyria Coney National Renewable Energy Laboratory
ELECTRIFYING TRANSIT: A GUIDEBOOK FOR IMPLEMENTING BATTERY ELECTRIC BUSES Alana Aamodt, Karlynn Cory, and Kamyria Coney National Renewable Energy Laboratory April 2021 A product of the USAID-NREL Partnership Contract No. IAG-17-2050 NOTICE This work was authored, in part, by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), operated by Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE- AC36-08GO28308. Funding provided by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under Contract No. IAG-17-2050 as well as the Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists, Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internship. The views expressed in this report do not necessarily represent the views of the DOE or the U.S. Government, or any agency thereof, including USAID. This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) reports produced after 1991 and a growing number of pre-1991 documents are available free via www.OSTI.gov. Cover photo from iStock 1184915589. NREL prints on paper that contains recycled content. Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Sarah Lawson and Andrew Fang of the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) for their review and support for this work. We wish to thank our National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) colleagues, Andrea Watson and Alexandra Aznar, for their support of this report. Other NREL colleagues, including Caley Johnson, Leslie Eudy, and Scott Belding provided invaluable public transit electrification insight for this project. -
Race to Zero: How Manufacturers Are Positioned for Zero Emission
OCTOBER 2020 RACE TO ZERO How manufacturers are positioned for zero emission commercial trucks and buses in North America Ben Sharpe and Claire Buysse, International Council on Clean Transportation Jason Mathers, Environmental Defense Fund Victor Poudelet, Propulsion Québec ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work is supported by the Heising-Simons Foundation, the Government of Québec, and Hydro-Québec. The authors are grateful to the Felipe Rodríguez and Ray Minjares for their critical reviews of an earlier draft of this paper. In addition, we thank the representatives from several heavy-duty vehicle manufacturing companies that provided feedback on the market data presented in the paper. Their review does not imply an endorsement, and any errors are the authors’ own. International Council on Clean Transportation 1500 K Street NW, Suite 650, Washington, DC 20005 [email protected] | www.theicct.org | @TheICCT © 2020 International Council on Clean Transportation TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................................................1 Heavy-duty vehicle market in the United States and Canada ......................................... 3 Zero-emission truck and bus market ................................................................................... 7 Class 7 and 8 tractor trucks ................................................................................................................12 Class 6 through 8 refuse trucks ........................................................................................................13 -
Best Practices and Key Considerations for Transit Electrification and Charging Infrastructure Deployment to Deliver Predictable
BEST PRACTICES AND KEY CONSIDERATIONS FOR TRANSIT ELECTRIFICATION AND CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE DEPLOYMENT TO DELIVER PREDICTABLE, RELIABLE, AND COST-EFFECTIVE FLEET SYSTEMS JUNE 2020 AUTHORS Dr.Josipa Petrunic, President & CEO Dr. Elnaz Abotalebi, Researcher & Project Lead Dr. Abhishek Raj, Researcher 2 COPYRIGHT © 2020 Information in this document is to be considered the intellectual property of the Canadian Urban Transit Research and Innovation Consortium in accordance with Canadian copyright law. This report was prepared by the Canadian Urban Transit Research and Innovation Consortium for the account of Natural Resources Canada. The material in it reflects the Canadian Urban Transit Research and Innovation Consortium’s best judgment, in light of the information available to it at the time of preparation. Any use that a third party makes of this report, or any reliance on or decisions to be made based on it, are the responsibility of such third parties. The Canadian Urban Transit Research and Innovation Consortium accepts no responsibility of such third parties. The Canadian Urban Transit Research and Innovation Consortium accepts no responsibility for damages, if any, suffered by any third party as a result of decisions made or actions based on this report. UPDATE: COVID-19 PUBLICATION IMPACT The publication of this report has been delayed by three months due to the COVID-19 global pandemic. This report, and the majority of research included within it, was completed primarily between September 2019 and March 2020 – prior to the novel coronavirus pandemic affecting local economies and transit revenue across Canada. While efforts have been made to include relevant announcements by Canadian transit agencies since that time, specifically as they relate to electric buses, many investment decisions and funding programs related to municipal green infrastructure deployments may change this year as a result of the financial crisis unfolding in cities across the country. -
The U.S. Electric Bus Transition: an Analysis of Funding and Financing Mechanisms by Dexter Liu | MEM/MBA ‘19
The U.S. Electric Bus Transition: An Analysis of Funding and Financing Mechanisms by Dexter Liu | MEM/MBA ‘19 Advisor: Professor John Buley April 26th, 2019 Masters project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Environmental Management degree in the Nicholas School of the Environment of Duke University Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................................................. 5 Section #1: The Electric Transit Bus Industry .............................................................................................................. 7 Introduction & Market Trends .................................................................................................................................... 7 Research Purpose & Methodology ............................................................................................................................ 10 Section #2: Current Ecosystem & Procurement Process .......................................................................................... 12 Electric Bus Manufacturers ......................................................................................................................................... 12 Transit Agencies ..........................................................................................................................................................