North-East Asian Subregional Programme for Environmental Cooperation (NEASPEC)

NEASPEC Working Paper 2012

NORTH-EAST ASIAN SUBREGIONAL PROGRAMME FOR ENVIRONMENTAL COOPERATION: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

PAK SUM LOW

GTI Partnership EANET

NOWPAP LTP EABRN Marine Protected Areas Network NEAEF

TEMM

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC EAST AND NORTH-EAST ASIA OFFICE Note

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4 CONTENTS

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 8

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9

1. Introduction

2. Mandate and Objectives of this Report

3. Scope of the Report 13

4. :M^QM_WN;]JZMOQWVIT+WWXMZI\Q^M5MKPIVQ[U[QV)[QIIVL\PM8IKQÅK 14

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6. Strengthening of NEASPEC: Options, Challenges and Opportunities 36

Q[Q\QVO[KQMV\Q[\[XZWOZIUUM 53 .WZ]U[IVL_WZS[PWX[ 53

8. NEASPEC Five-Year or Ten-Year Strategic Action Plan 54

9. Conclusions 55

10. Recommendations 56

REFERENCES 58

Table 2. Subregional multilateral environmental frameworks and programmes in North-East Asia 63 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

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11 1. Introduction

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2. Mandate and Objectives of this Report

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3. Scope of the Report

13 4. Review of Subregional Cooperative Mechanisms LQ$VLDDQGWKH3DFLÀF

4.1. Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)

4.1.1. History and mission

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14 4.1.2. Political commitment

4.1.3. Governing body structures and institutional arrangement

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1. ASEAN Coordinating CouncilKWUXZQ[M[\PM);-)6.WZMQOV5QVQ[\MZ[

3. )SEAN Sectoral Ministerial Bodies:-IKPASEAN Sectoral Ministerial BodyUIaPI^M]VLMZQ\[X]Z^QM_ \PMZMTM^IV\[MVQWZWNÅKQIT[IVL[]J[QLQIZaJWLQM[\W]VLMZ\ISMQ\[N]VK\QWV[

4. Committee of Permanent Representatives:)Z\QKTMWN\PM);-)6+PIZ\MZ[\QX]TI\M[\PI\¹MIKP);-)6 5MUJMZ;\I\M[PITTIXXWQV\I8MZUIVMV\:MXZM[MV\I\Q^M\W);-)6_Q\P\PMZIVSWN )UJI[[ILWZJI[MLQV 2ISIZ\I

5. ASEAN National Secretariats:

6. );-)6+WUUQ\\MM[QV

ASEAN Chair:)Z\QKTMWN\PM);-)6+PIZ\MZ[\QX]TI\M[\PI\¹\PM+PIQZUIV[PQXWN);-)6[PITTZW\I\MIVV]ITTa JI[MLWV\PMITXPIJM\QKITWZLMZWN \PM-VOTQ[PVIUM[WN 5MUJMZ;\I\M[)5MUJMZ;\I\MI[[]UQVO\PM+PIQZUIV[PQX [PITTKPIQZ\PM);-)6;]UUQ\IVLZMTI\ML[]UUQ\[\PM);-)6+WWZLQVI\QVO+W]VKQT\PM\PZMM);-)6+WUU]VQ\a +W]VKQT[ZMTM^IV\);-)6;MK\WZIT5QVQ[\MZQIT*WLQM[IVL[MVQWZWNNQKQIT[IVL\PM+WUUQ\\MMWN 8MZUIVMV\ :MXZM[MV\I\Q^M[ºP\\X"___I[MIV[MKWZO P\U

4.1.4. ASEAN Secretariat

15 5MM\QVOIVL\WITT5MM\QVO[WN );-)65QVQ[\MZ[IVL;\IVLQVO+WUUQ\\MM

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4.1.5. ASEAN Environmental Cooperation and priority areas

:MKWOVQ[QVO\PMQUXWZ\IVKMWNMV^QZWVUMV\ITLQUMV[QWVNWZ[][\IQVIJTMLM^MTWXUMV\IVLZMOQWVITQV\MOZI\QWV);-)6 PI[[QVKM! KWWXMZI\MLKTW[MTaQVXZWUW\QVOMV^QZWVUMV\IT[][\IQVIJQTQ\aXZWOZIUUMIUWVOQ\[UMUJMZ;\I\M[ 1VLMMLWVMWN\PMX]ZXW[M[WN\PM);-)6+PIZ\MZQ[¹\WXZWUW\M[][\IQVIJTMLM^MTWXUMV\[WI[\WMV[]ZM\PMXZW\MK\QWV WN \PMZMOQWV¼[MV^QZWVUMV\\PM[][\IQVIJQTQ\aWN Q\[VI\]ZITZM[W]ZKM[\PMXZM[MZ^I\QWVWN Q\[K]T\]ZITPMZQ\IOMIVL\PMPQOP Y]ITQ\aWN TQNMWN Q\[XMWXTM[º

Q[QWVKITT[NWZ¹IKTMIVIVLOZMMV);-)6_Q\PN]TTaM[\IJTQ[PMLUMKPIVQ[U[NWZ[][\IQVIJTM LM^MTWXUMV\\WMV[]ZM\PMXZW\MK\QWVWN \PMZMOQWV¼[MV^QZWVUMV\\PM[][\IQVIJQTQ\aWN Q\[VI\]ZITZM[W]ZKM[IVL\PMPQOP Y]ITQ\aWN TQNMWN Q\[XMWXTM[ºP\\X"___I[MIV[MKWZO!P\U

);-)6¼[-V^QZWVUMV\IT;][\IQVIJQTQ\a8ZWOZIUUMQ[WVMWN \PM[Q`\PMUI\QKIZMI[WN \PM);-)6;WKQW+]T\]ZIT +WUU]VQ\a.QO]ZM

1. Addressing global environmental issuesKPIQZMLJa>QM\6IU

16 KWWXMZI\QWVNWK][M[WV[PIZQVOWN M`XMZQMVKM[IVLQVNWZUI\QWVLM^MTWXQVOKWUUWV]VLMZ[\IVLQVOXW[Q\QWV[IVL KIXIKQ\aJ]QTLQVO\WUMM\\PMWJTQOI\QWV[WN \PMZMTM^IV\KWV^MV\QWV[

2. Managing and preventing transboundary environmental pollution [MXIZI\MQV[\Q\]\QWVITUMKPIVQ[U4

3. Promoting sustainable development through environmental education and public participation KPIQZMLJa*Z]VMQ,IZ][[ITIU

4. 8ZWUW\QVOMV^QZWVUMV\ITTa[W]VL\MKPVWTWOa-;<KPIQZMLJa5ITIa[QI

5. Promoting quality living standards in ASEAN cities/ urban areas KPIQZMLJa1VLWVM[QI

6. Harmonising environmental policies and databases);-)6;MKZM\IZQI\);-)6X]JTQ[PMLQ\[ÅZ[\;\I\MWN \PM-V^QZWVUMV\:MXWZ\;W-:QV!! #\PM;MKWVL;W-:_I[ZMTMI[MLQV\PM

4 =VLMZ\PM;]JZMOQWVIT5QVQ[\MZQIT;\MMZQVO+WUUQ\\MMUMKPIVQ[UIVL]VLMZ\PM+WVNMZMVKMWN \PM8IZ\QM[\W0IbM)OZMMUMV\UMKPIVQ[U 5 7\PMZIK\Q^Q\QM[QVKT]LM\PM);-)68T][QM\6IUWV 7K\WJMZ WV\PMWKKI[QWVWN \PMth1VNWZUIT);-)6 5QVQ[\MZQIT5MM\QVOWV\PM-V^QZWVUMV\1)55-)_IZL[_MZMOQ^MV\W);-)6KQ\QM[\W_V[PQX[LQ[\ZQK\[\PI\UILMM`MUXTIZaMNNWZ\[\W_IZL[ MV^QZWVUMV\IT[][\IQVIJQTQ\a

17 !WV\PMWKKI[QWVWN \PM\P);-)65QVQ[\MZQIT5MM\QVOWV-V^QZWVUMV\)55-)LLQ\QWVITTaQV );-)6IT[WX]JTQ[PML\PM);-)6:MXWZ\\W\PM?WZTL;]UUQ\WV;][\IQVIJTM,M^MTWXUMV\?;;,\W]XLI\M\PM ;]UUQ\WV);-)6¼[XZWOZM[[\W_IZL[\PMN]TÅTUMV\WN )OMVLI

7. Promoting the sustainable use of coastal and marine environmentKPIQZMLJa\PM8PQTQXXQVM[);-)6 has adopted the Marine Water Quality Criteria for the ASEAN Region, the ASEAN Criteria for National Marine Protected Areas and the ASEAN Criteria for Marine Heritage Areas. The Marine Water Quality Criteria[M\[^IT]M[NWZIVQVQ\QIT[M\WN XIZIUM\MZ[NWZ\PMXZW\MK\QWVWN IY]I\QKTQNMIVLP]UIVPMIT\P_PQTM\PM+ZQ\MZQINWZ6I\QWVIT5IZQVM8ZW\MK\ML )ZMI[IVL);-)65IZQVM0MZQ\IOM)ZMI[KWV\IQVKZQ\MZQINWZLM[QOVI\QWVIVLUIVIOMUMV\WN M`Q[\QVOIVLVM_ XZW\MK\MLIZMI[);-)6IT[WILWX\MLIVLX]JTQ[PML\PMASEAN Marine Water Quality Criteria: Management Guidelines and Monitoring Manual_PQKPIQU[I\XZW^QLQVOIZMNMZMVKMLWK]UMV\NWZ);-)6UMUJMZ;\I\M[QVKWWZLQVI\QVO UIZQVM_I\MZY]ITQ\aUIVIOMUMV\XWTQKQM[IVLUWVQ\WZQVOIXXZWIKPM[_Q\PQVMIKPIVLJM\_MMV\PMUMUJMZ ;\I\M[

8. Promoting sustainable management of natural resources and biodiversityKPIQZMLJa5aIVUIZ

9. Promoting the sustainability of freshwater resourcesKPIQZMLJa;QVOIXWZM.WTTW_QVO\PMMVLWZ[MUMV\ WN \PM);-)64WVO

Responding to climate change and addressing its impactsKPIQZMLJa

18 [Figure 1] Environmental Sustainability programme within the overall ASEAN Community institutional framework.

ASEAN Community (2015)

ASEAN Economic ASEAN Socio ASEAN Political Initiative for ASEAN Community -Community Security Community Integration (IAI)

AEC Blueprint ASCC Blueprint APSC Blueprint IAI Work Plan (Nov 2007) (March 2009) (March 2009) (2009-2015) (March 2009)

A. Human Development D.1 Global Environmental Issues

B. Social Welfare & Protection D.2 Transboundary Environmental Pollution

C. Social Justice and Rights D.3 Environmental Education

D. Environmental Sustainability D.4 Environmentally Sound Technology

E. ASEAN Identity D.5 Environmentally Sustainable Cities

F. Narrowing the Development Gap D.6 Harmonisation of Environmenta Policies & Databases

D.7 Coastal & Marine Environment

D.8 Natural Resources & Biodiversity

D.9 Freshwater Resources

D.10 Climate Change

D.11

Source: http://environment.asean.org/index.php?page=overview

19 [Figure 2] Institutional framework of the Environmental Sustainability programme within the ASEAN ;WKQW+]T\]ZIT+WUU]VQ\a+W]VKQT);++*T]MXZQV\_Q\P[M^MV_WZSQVOOZW]X[

Institutional Framework (Environment)

ASEAN Summit (ASEAN Heads of State / Government)

ASEAN Socio-Cultural ASEAN Coordinating Community Council Council

ASEAN Ministerial Meeting Secretary-General on Environment (AMME & IAMME) of ASEAN

ASEAN Senior Officials ASEAN Secretariat on the Environment (ASOEN) (ASCC Department)

AWGMEA AWGNCB AWGWEM AWCME Multilateral Environmental Nature Conservation Water Resources Coastal and Marine Agreements & Biodiversity Management Environment

AWGEE AWGESC AWGCC Other Environmental Environmental Environmentally Climate Activities Education Sustainable Cities Change (ASEAN Secretariat)

Source: http://environment.asean.org/index.php?page=overview

4.1.6. Funding arrangements

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4.1.7. Partnerships

);-)6QVKT]LQVOQ\[-V^QZWVUMV\+WWXMZI\QWVXZWOZIUUMPI[M[\IJTQ[PMLXIZ\VMZ[PQX[_Q\PUIVaLWVWZ[MO-= =;))][\ZITQI6M_BMITIVL2IXIV+PQVI1VLQIIVL:73\PZW]OP6WZ\P;W]\P+WWXMZI\QWVIVL;W]\P;W]\P +WWXMZI\QWVZMOQWVITIVLQV\MZVI\QWVITQV[\Q\]\QWV[MO),*\PM?WZTL*IVS1.+\PM=6IVLNW]VLI\QWV[IKILMUQK QV[\Q\]\QWV[I[_MTTI[X]JTQKIVLXZQ^I\M[MK\WZ[IUWVOW\PMZ[);-)6I

4.1.8. ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE)

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?Q\PQV\PM);-)6[\Z]K\]ZM.QO]ZM)+-Q[¹O]QLMLJaIGoverning CouncilKWUXW[MLWN\PM;MVQWZ7NNQKQIT[ WV-VMZOaWN \PM);-)6UMUJMZ;\I\M[QM;MVQWZ7NÅKQIT[5MM\QVOWV-VMZOa;75-IVLIZMXZM[MV\I\Q^MNZWU \PM);-)6;MKZM\IZQI\ºP\\X"I[MIVMVMZOaWZO;75-Q[IKKW]V\IJTM\W\PM);-)65QVQ[\MZ[WV-VMZOa5MM\QVO )5-5_PQKPQ[]VLMZ\PM);-)6-KWVWUQK+WUU]VQ\a

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Figure 3. ASEAN Centre for Energy in the ASEAN structure

ASEAN HEADS OF STATE/GOVERNMENT

OTHER AMM AMMST ASEAN SG AEM AMEM OTHER MINISTERIAL MINISTERIAL MEETINGS MEETINGS

ASC SOM COST ASEAN SOME ASCOPE HAPUA CENTRE FOR ENERGY (ACE)

RE EE&C REPP- NEC- SCNCER AEBF AFOC SSN SSN SSN SSN ASEAN SECRETARIAT

Legend: AEBF (ASEAN Energy Business Forum); AEM (ASEAN Economic Ministers); AFOC (ASEAN Forum on Coal); AMEM (ASEAN Ministers of Energy Meeting); AMM (ASEAN Ministerial Meeting); AMMST (ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Science & Technology); ASC (ASEAN Standing Committee); ASCOPE (ASEAN Council on Petroleum); COST (Committee on Science & Technology); EE&C SSN (QHUJ\(IÀFLHQF\DQG&RQVHUYDWLRQ6XEVHFWRUDO1HWZRUN +$38$ +HDGVRI$6($13RZHU8WLOLWLHV$XWKRULWLHV 156(661 1HZ 5HQHZDEOH(QHUJ\6RXUFHRI(QHUJ\6XEVHFWRUDO1HWZRUN 6* 6HFUHWDU\*HQHUDO 620 6HQLRU2IÀFLDOV0HHWLQJ 620( 6HQLRU 2IÀFLDOV0HHWLQJRQ(QHUJ\ 5(33661 5HJLRQDO(QHUJ\3ROLF\DQG3ODQQLQJ6XE6HFWRU1HWZRUN 6RXUFHKWWSDVHDQHQHUJ\RUJLQGH[SKSDERXWDFHVWUXFWXUH

4.1.9. ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity (ACB)

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4.1.10. ASEAN Foundation

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4.2. South Asia Cooperative Environment Programme (SACEP)

4.2.1. History and mission

4.2.2. Political commitment

4.2.3. Governing body structures and institutional arrangement

The Governing Council (GC)Q[\PMXZQVKQXITLMTQJMZI\Q^MIVLZM^QM_JWLaZM[XWV[QJTMNWZLM\MZUQVQVOXWTQKQM[[\ZI\MOQM[IVL XZWOZIUUM[1\Q[ZMXZM[MV\MLI\\PMUQVQ[\MZQITTM^MTIVLXMZQWLQKITTaUMM\[\W\ISMLMKQ[QWV[WN [\ZI\MOQK[QOVQÅKIVKM;QVKM JMKWUQVOITMOITMV\Q\aQV! ;)+-8PI[PMTLMQOP\ZMO]TIZ/+UMM\QVO[IVL\PZMM[XMKQIT[M[[QWV[

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4.2.4. SACEP Secretariat

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4.2.5. Work programmes

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4.2.6. Funding arrangements

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4.2.7 Partnerships

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4.3.1. History and mission

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4.3.2. Political commitment

4.3.3. Governing body structures and institutional arrangement

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4.3.5. Work programmes

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4.3.6. Funding arrangements

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5. Review of Subregional Multilateral Environmental Frameworks and Programmes in North-East Asia and East Asia

5.1. Greater Tumen Initiative (GTI)

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5.3. North-East Asian Forest Forum (NEAFF)

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5.4. East Asian Biosphere Reserve Network (EABRN)

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5.5. Tripartite Environment Ministers’ Meeting (TEMM)

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5.6. Joint Research Project on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollutants (LTP)

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5.7. Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET)

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6. Strengthening of NEASPEC: Options, Challenges and Opportunities 6.1. The role of regional frameworks after Rio+20

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1\PI[IT[WMVKW]ZIOML“regional, national, sub-national and local authorities as appropriate to develop and utilize sustainable development strategies as key instruments for guiding decision-making and implementation of sustainable development at all levels”IVL QV\PQ[ZMOIZLZMKWOVQbML“that integrated social, economic, and environmental data and information, as well as effective analysis and assessment of implementation, is important to decision-making processes”XIZIOZIXP! IVLMVKW]ZIOML“action at regional, national, sub-national, and local levels to promote access to information, public participation, and access to justice in environmental matters, as appropriate”8IZIOZIXP!!

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6.3. Governing Body and Coordination of NEASPEC

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6.4. Strengthening of the NEASPEC Secretariat

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)[=6-;+)8¼[;]JZMOQWVIT7NNQKMNWZ-I[\IVL6WZ\P-I[\)[QI;:7-6-)I[[]UMLQ\[ZM[XWV[QJQTQ\aI[\PM XMZUIVMV\[MKZM\IZQI\WN 6-);8-+QV5IaIVL\ZIV[NWZUMLQ\[[MKZM\IZQI\[\I\][NZWU¹QV\MZQUº\W¹XMZUIVMV\º \PMZM_I[IVMMLNWZ\PM6-);8-+;MKZM\IZQI\\WJM[\ZMVO\PMVMLL]M\W\PMM`XIVLML[KWXMWN _WZS[IVLVM_IK\Q^Q\QM[ QVKT]LQVOIVM`XMK\ML[]J[\IV\QITQVKZMI[MQV6-);8-+¼[QV\MZIK\QWV[_Q\PW\PMZU]T\QTI\MZITJWLQM[IVLVI\QWVIT [\ISMPWTLMZ[

“…..during the recent years NEASPEC has considerably expanded its scope of work and partnerships with other entities in the subregion. It

38 Q[IV\QKQXI\ML\PI\_Q\P\PM[MKZM\IZQI\VW_JI[MLI\ILMLQKI\MLPW[\WNÅKM;:7-6-)N]Z\PMZOZW_\PWN Q\[IK\Q^Q\QM[QV\PM[]JZMOQWV_QTT materialize and NEASPEC will better serve the member States in jointly addressing subregional environmental challenges and supporting national initiatives through this multilateral body”.

“The considerable expansion of NEASPEC activities became possible due to enhanced interest and participation of member States, improved [Q\]I\QWV_Q\P\PMP]UIVZM[W]ZKM[[QVKM\PMZMTWKI\QWVWN \PM[MKZM\IZQI\\W;:7-6-)IVL[\IJQTQbMLÅVIVKQITKWVLQ\QWV_Q\PKWV\ZQJ]\QWV[NZWU some member States to the Core Fund as well as the availability of project-based funding”.

0W_M^MZI[XWQV\MLW]\QV=6-;+)8“the effective function of NEASPEC in analyzing subregional challenges, developing joint action, and facilitating the involvement of all relevant stakeholders in implementing joint action require the renewed commitments of member States \WÅVIVKQITIVLQV[\Q\]\QWVIT[]XXWZ\6-);8-+º

6.4.1. Human resources and secretariat arrangement

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2012, with a balanced allocation between adaptation and mitigation; funding for adaptation will be prioritized for the most vulnerable developing countries, such as the least developed countries, small island developing States and Africa”.

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6.4.4. Resource mobilization strategy

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6.5. Programme activities

43 6.5.1. Priorities

6-);8-+¼[XZWOZIUUMIK\Q^Q\QM[PI^MJMMVO]QLMLJa\PM;75[IVL\PMTQ[\WN XZWOZIUUMIK\Q^Q\QM[PI[JMMV QVKZMI[QVO[QVKM\PMM[\IJTQ[PUMV\WN 6-);8-+

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6.5.2. Recent activities and achievements

+WUXIZML\W);-)6;)+-8IVL;8:-8IVLW\PMZ[]JZMOQWVITXZWOZIUUM[\PMV]UJMZWN XZWOZIUUM[IVLXZWRMK\ IK\Q^Q\QM[WN 6-);8-+PI[JMMV[UITTZMÆMK\QVO\PMTQUQ\MLN]VLQVO\PI\6-);8-+PI[JMMVZMKMQ^QVOJW\PNZWU\PM UMUJMZ;\I\M[IVL\PMLWVWZ[I[_MTTI[\PMTQUQ\ML[\INN KIXIKQ\aNWZ6-);8-+IK\Q^Q\QM[

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44 UMM\QVO[40\ZIQVQVOKW]Z[M[41WVKWIT\M[\QVOIVLKWUJ][\QWVJWQTMZIVL\]ZJQVM\MKPVWTWOaVM_\MKPVWTWOaIVL XZIK\QKM[WVXWTT]\QWVKWV\ZWTXW_MZXTIV\WXMZI\QWVIVLUIQV\MVIVKMI[MY]QXUMV\]XOZILM[IVLZM\ZWÅ\[XMZNWZUIVKM UIVIOMUMV\IVLZMTM^IV\XWTQKQM[IVLZMO]TI\QWV[NWZXIZ\QKQXIV\[NZWU+PQVIIVL5WVOWTQII[_MTTI[WV[Q\MI[[M[[UMV\ _WZS[PWX[42NWZXIZ\QKQXIV\[NZWU+PQVI5WVOWTQI:MX]JTQKWN 3WZMIIVL2IXIV_MZMKWVL]K\ML_PQTMIK\QWVXTIV[43 for \_W[XMKQÅKXW_MZXTIV\[=TIIVJII\IZ8W_MZ8TIV\ IVL,I\IVO

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Training sessions in November 2010 in Ulaanbaatar and in Zhangjiagang:

40 ¹-`XMZ\/ZW]X5MM\QVOWV+IXIKQ\a*]QTLQVOWN )QZ8WTT]\IV\-UQ[[QWV5WVQ\WZQVOQV6WZ\P-I[\)[QIºIVL¹-`XMZ\5MM\QVOWV+IXIKQ\a*]QTLQVOIVL,I\I 1V\MZKWUXIZIJQTQ\aNWZ)UJQMV\)QZ9]ITQ\a5WVQ\WZQVOQV6WZ\P-I[\)[QIº_MZMPMTLZM[XMK\Q^MTaWV5IZKPQVAWSWPIUI2IXIVIVLWV )XZQTQV1VKPMWV:MX]JTQKWN 3WZMI\W[]XXWZ\\PMWXMZI\QWVITQbI\QWVWN \PMZMOQWVITUWVQ\WZQVOVM\_WZSP\\X"___VMI[XMKWZOUQ\QOI\QWVI[X )VW\PMZ-`XMZ\+WV[]T\I\QWV5MM\QVOWV

45 KWV\ZWTWN X0^IT]MQVIJ[WZJQVO\W_MZ Two subregional workshops WV

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47 [Figure 6] Institutional Framework for the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution

Institutional Framework (Haze)

ASEAN Summit

ASCC Council COP: Conference of the Parties TWG7HFKQLFDO:RUNLQJ*URXS COP to the ASEAN Agreement Sub-Regional MSC (southern region) on Transboundary Haze Pollution on Transboundary Haze Pollution TWG Mekong: 7HFKQLFDO :RUNLQJ *URXSLQ0HNRQJ6XE5HJLRQ MSC:6XE5HJLRQDO0LQLVWHULDO Steering Committee

TWG Mekong Committee TWG on Transboundary Source: http://environment.asean.org/ Haze Pollution index.php?page=overview

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49 \PM;MKZM\IZQI\KWV[]T\ML_Q\P\PM3WZMI-V^QZWVUMV\IT1VL][\ZaIVL

Conference on Low Carbon, Green Cities in North-East Asia on 17-18 November 2011 in Suwon, Republic of Korea:

Capacity Building Training for Mongolian Experts in Eco-labelling on 1-3 May 2012 in Ulaanbaatar:

Database for Knowledge sharing on low-carbon city strategies:

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6.5.3. Possible new programme activities

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6.6. Partnerships with other collaborating partners

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6.7. Technical cooperation and capacity-building

respective capacities to support Member States in implementing sustainable development”8IZIOZIXP

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6.7.1. Science and technology

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6.7.2. Visiting scientists programme

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6.7.3. Forums and workshops

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6.7.4. Training of trainers workshops

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6.7.5. Project development and implementation

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6.7.6. Partnership programme between government agencies and enterprises

6SHFLÀF&DVHRI'HPRFUDWLF3HRSOH·V5HSXEOLFRI Korea (DPRK)

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8. NEASPEC Five-Year or Ten Year Strategic Action Plan

5IVa[]JZMOQWVITUMKPIVQ[U[PI^MLM^MTWXMLI¹JT]MXZQV\ºMO);-)6WZI[\ZI\MOQKIK\QWVXTIVMO;8:-8¼[Strategic Action Plan 2011-2015; GTI Strategic Action Plan 2006-20150MVKM\PMZMQ[IVMMLNWZ6-);8-+\WLM^MTWXI.Q^MAMIZ WZ

54 9. Conclusions

6-);8-+Q[I]VQY]MMV^QZWVUMV\ITKWWXMZI\QWVXZWOZIUUMQV6WZ\P-I[\)[QIKW^MZQVO[Q`KW]V\ZQM["+PQVI,8:3 2IXIV5WVOWTQI:732IXIVIVL:][[QIV.MLMZI\QWV1\PI[IU]KP[QUXTMZOW^MZVQVO[\Z]K\]ZMKWUXIZML\W);-)6 ;)+-8IVL;8:-8_Q\P\PMIVV]IT;75I[Q\[OW^MZVQVOJWLa)VQVNWZUITUQVQ[\MZQITUMM\QVO_I[PMTLQV\PM UIZOQVWN \PM5QVQ[\MZQIT+WVNMZMVKMWV-V^QZWVUMV\IVL,M^MTWXUMV\PMTLQV;MW]TQV

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6-);8-+U][\][MQ\[KWUXIZI\Q^MIL^IV\IOM\WKI\ITa[MIVLJ]QTLXIZ\VMZ[PQX[_Q\P\PMM`Q[\QVO[]JZMOQWVIT MV^QZWVUMV\ITKWWXMZI\QWVUMKPIVQ[U[NZIUM_WZS[IVLXZWOZIUUM[7VM[]KPXW[[QJTMXIZ\VMZ[PQXQ[_Q\P\PM=6-8 1V\MZVI\QWVIT-KW[a[\MU5IVIOMUMV\8IZ\VMZ[PQX=6-81-58PW[\MLJa\PM1V[\Q\]\MWN /MWOZIXPQK;KQMVKM[IVL 6I\]ZIT:M[W]ZKM[:M[MIZKP+PQVM[M)KILMUaWN ;KQMVKM[JI[MLQV*MQRQVONWK][QVOWVOZMMVMKWVWUa_PQKPQVKT]LM[ MKWMNÅKQMVKaMV^QZWVUMV\IT[][\IQVIJQTQ\aIVLOZMMVOZW_\PIVLMKW[a[\MUUIVIOMUMV\·\PM[MIZM\PMKWUUWVIZMI[ [PIZMLJa=6-81-58IVL6-);8-+

55 /Q^MV\PMLQ^MZ[MP]UIVIVLQV[\Q\]\QWVITKIXIKQ\aWN 6-);8-+UMUJMZ;\I\M[QV\PMQUXTMUMV\I\QWVWN [][\IQVIJTM LM^MTWXUMV\\PMZMQ[[\QTTI[XMKQÅKVMMLNWZMVPIVKQVO\MKPVQKITKWWXMZI\QWVIVLKIXIKQ\aJ]QTLQVOIK\Q^Q\QM[IUWVO 6-);8-+UMUJMZ;\I\M[M[XMKQITTaJM\_MMV5WVOWTQI,8:3IVLW\PMZ\MKPVQKITTaIVLMKWVWUQKITTaUWZM IL^IVKMLUMUJMZ;\I\M[_Q\PXIZ\QK]TIZNWK][WV\PMNWTTW_QVOIZMI["Science and technology; Visiting scientists programme; Forums and workshops; Training of trainers workshops; Project development and implementation; and Partnership programme between government agencies and enterprises.1VILLQ\QWV\W\PM\ZIV[JW]VLIZaQ[[]M[Q\Q[IT[WQUXWZ\IV\NWZ6-);8-+UMUJMZ;\I\M[ \W[PIZMQVNWZUI\QWVM`XMZQMVKMIVLTM[[WV[TMIZVMLWVW\PMZMV^QZWVUMV\ITQ[[]M[[]KPI[KTQUI\MKPIVOMMVMZOa JQWLQ^MZ[Q\aIVLTIVLLMOZILI\QWVLM[MZ\QNQKI\QWVIVL\PM[aVMZOQM[JM\_MMV\PM[MQ[[]M[8IZ\VMZ[PQX[_Q\PW\PMZ ZMTM^IV\IOMVKQM[NWZRWQV\TaWZOIVQbQVO\PM[]JZMOQWVITNWZ]U[IVL_WZS[PWX[WVW\PMZMV^QZWVUMV\ITQ[[]M[[PW]TLJM M`XTWZML_PMVM^MZIVL_PMZM^MZXW[[QJTM

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10. Recommendations

1VWZLMZ\W[\ZMVO\PMV6-);8-+QVKT]LQVOQ\[;MKZM\IZQI\¼[P]UIVIVL\MKPVQKITKIXIKQ\a\PMNWTTW_QVOZMKWUUMVLI\QWV[ IZM[]OOM[\ML"

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6. ).Q^MAMIZ WZ

57 REFERENCES

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59 C

Title of the Governing structures/ Head of Institutional arrangement/ institutions/ Financial Political Institution History/Mission Memberships Secretariat secretariats mechanisms commitment Partnerships

NEASPEC Established in 1993 as a China, DPRK, Japan, ;MVQWZ7NÅKQIT[5MM\QVO;75 Director Voluntary member States Strong; UNESCAP, ADB, UNDP, UNEP, 5MM\QVOWN ;MVQWZ7NÅKQIT[WV Mongolia, Republic SRO-ENEA of UNESCAP (SRO-ENEA) contribution to Core ;MVQWZWNÅKQIT[ UNCCD, the World Bank Environmental Cooperation in of Korea, Russian functions as Secretariat Fund; donors (bilateral) level/informal North East Asia Federation and multilateral sources; Ministerial project-based funding meetings (2005)

ASEAN Established 8 August 1967 10 ASEAN members ASEAN Charter, Secretary ASEAN Development Very strong; ASEAN+3 (China, Japan, RO by signing of the ASEAN (Indonesia, Malaysia, Coordinating Council (Foreign General Fund (ADF) receives Heads of State Korea), Australia, New Zealand, Declaration, ASEAN Charter the Philippines, Ministers), Community Councils, equal contributions from and Ministerial US, EU, India, entered in to force Singapore, Sectoral Ministerial Bodies, ASEAN member States; levels regional and international 15 December 2008. Thailand, Brunei Committee of Permanent institutions (e.g., ADB, the Darussalam, Representatives (Ambassadorial), Other sources include World Bank/IFC, the UN) and Viet Nam, Lao PDR National Secretariats, Committees regional and international foundations, as well as private and Myanmar in Third Countries and institutions (e.g., ADB, sector, among others and Cambodia International Organisations the World Bank/IFC, (ACTC), ASEAN Secretariat the UN) and foundations, based in Jakarta, Indonesia public and private sector.

ASEAN One of the six themes under Director EU, China Environment the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Cooperation Community

ASEAN Centre Intergovernmental organization 10 ASEAN members Governing Council composed Executive Core funding Strong; for Energy established in January 1999 WN \PM;MVQWZ7NÅKQIT[WVMVMZOa Director provided by an Energy ;MVQWZ7NÅKQIT[ (ACE) by ASEAN member states to of the ASEAN countries and a Endowment Fund and Minister accelerate the integration of representative from the ASEAN established from equal levels energy strategies within ASEAN Secretariat. contributions of the by providing relevant information ten member States and state-of-the-art technology and managed by a private expertise to ensure that over fund manager the long term, necessary energy development policies and programs are in harmony with the economic growth and the environmental sustainability of the region.

60 ASEAN Intergovernmental regional 10 ASEAN Governing Board: ASEAN Executive ASEAN Biodiversity Fund Strong; IUCN, CBD Secretariat, GBIF, Centre for centre of excellence, facilitates: members ;MVQWZ7NÅKQIT[WV\PM Director (Member States make voluntary Ministerial the Institute of Southeast Asian Biodiversity (i) cooperation and coordination Environment (ASOEN) and contributions), external and level Studies (ISEAS), PEMSEA, (ACB) among ASEAN Member States ASEAN Secretary General government funding approved UNEP-WCMC, EU, China, GIZ, and with relevant national guide policy and operational by Governing Board. UNESCO, SEARCA. governments, regional and supervision, international organizations on Executive Director (Secretary of ACB established by EC grant the conservation and sustainable Governing Board), Headquarters use of biodiversity; and in Laguna, Philippines (ii) the fair and equitable sharing WN JMVMÅ\[IZQ[QVONZWU\PM][M of such biodiversity.

Established by EC funding in 2004.

ASEAN Established 15 December 1997 10 ASEAN Board of Trustees, Council of Executive The Endowment Fund Very strong; Japan, China, ROK, France, Foundation in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia to members Advisors, Executive Director, Director contributed by Member State Secretary Microsoft Indonesia, Hewlett (i) promote greater awareness of Secretariat in Jakarta, Indonesia and the Friends of ASEAN; General level Packard, IDRC of Canada, ASEAN, and greater interaction the Operational Fund Inter-American Development among the peoples of ASEAN as contributed by Member States, Bank and Royal Philips well as their wider participation and the Project Fund contributed Electronics. in ASEAN’s activities, inter by Member States and other alia, through human resources donors. development; and (ii) contribute to the evolution of a development cooperation strategy that promotes mutual assistance, equitable economic development, and the alleviation of poverty

SACEP Intergovernmental organisation Afghanistan, Governing Council, Director Member States contribute Strong; UNEP, UNCRD, IMO, WMO, established in 1982. Promotes Bangladesh, Consultative Committee, General based on GDP. Government Ministerial UNESCO, UNESCAP, ADB, regional environmental Bhutan, National Focal Points of Sri Lanka. Cooperative level SAARC, NORAD, USAID, cooperation on sustainable India, (designated by the Ministries project agreements with ICRI, ICRAN, GIWA, development including social Maldives, of Environment) collaborating partners TRAFFIC International, Society and economic dimensions Nepal, Pakistan for Development Alternatives, and Sri Lanka. CEE India

61 SPREP Established on 31 August 1995. American SPREP Meetings Director Core Fund; Programme Fund; Very Strong; UNDP, UNEP, UNESCAP, GEF, Intergovernmental organisation Samoa, (membership of the Parties General :M[MZ^M.]VL#IVL8IKQÅK Legally binding AusAID, JICA, AFD, IMO, promoting cooperation and Australia, to the Agreement); Islands Trust Fund for Nature Agreement EU, WB, ADB, UNU, IUCN, assistance to protect and Commonwealth Secretariat based Conservation establishing CBD Secretariat, RAMSAR improve the environment of the Northern in Apia, Samoa SPREP; Secretariat, CMS Secretariat, and and ensure sustainable Mariana Ministerial IFAW. development for Islands, Cook level \PM;W]\P8IKQÅK:MOQWV Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, France, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, United States of America, Vanuatu and Wallis and Futuna.

62 [Table 2] Subregional Multilateral Environmental Frameworks and Programmes in North-East Asia

Institutional arrangement/ Title of the Governing structures/ Head of Political Institution History/Mission Membership Secretariat institutions Funding commitment Partnerships

Greater Tumen Established in 1995 and China, DPRK Consultative Commission Director UNDP and donors; Strong; Vice Minister UNDP, United Nations Initiative (GTI) supported by UNDP. (withdrew as of 5 composed of Government project-based funding level 7NÅKMNWZ8IZ\VMZ[PQX[ Intergovernmental platform November 2009), representatives from member UNOPS, UNWTO, for promoting economic ROK, Mongolia and States. The Business Advisory UNESCAP, UNIDO, cooperation and peace, Russian Federation Council, Energy Board, Tourism UNEP, UNESCO, ADB, stability and sustainability Council and Cooperation GEF, NEAR, ERINA Framework Agreement on (Japan), KDI, Russian Environment were established at Academy of Sciences, the 9th meeting of the CC BOAO Forum for Asia (China), and Institute for Strategic Studies (Mongolia).

North West Adopted in 1994 by four China, Japan, ROK Intergovernmental Meeting Coordinator Contributions Senior 8IKQÅK Member States as a part of and Russian Federation (IGM) is the governing body of from governments, representative level Action Plan the UNEP Regional Seas NOWPAP; international (NOWPAP) Programme. Regional Activity Centres (RAC) organizations and NGOs; serve as national focal points; The wise use, development and Regional Coordinating Units ,QZMK\ÅVIVKQIT[]XXWZ\ management of the coastal (RCU) co-hosted in Toyama, Japan from UNEP and in-kind and marine environment so and Busan, ROK. contributions from the as to obtain the utmost long- UN; \MZUJMVMÅ\[NWZ\PMP]UIV populations of the region, NOWPAP Trust while protecting human health, Fund contributed ecological integrity and the by participating region’s sustainability for future Governments for generations the Protection and Management of the Coastal and Marine Environment and the Resources of the 6WZ\P_M[\8IKQÅKZMOQWV

Project-based fund from UNEP and APN.

63 North- A CSO founded in 1998 China, Japan, ROK, The Secretariat is based in Seoul, Secretary Financial and technical Strong; UNDP, UNCCD East Asian with the objectives to restore Mongolia ROK. General support from national civil society. Secretariat, FAO and Forest Forum degraded forest lands, to combat and local governments other international (NEAFF) LM[MZ\QÅKI\QWVIVLLMNWZM[\I\QWV in the ROK (the Korea organizations. and to promote environmentally Forest Service and the sound and sustainable Seoul Metropolitan City management of forest ecosystems Government), private in the region by strengthening companies (Yuhan- networking and exchanging Kimberly Ltd), a public information among the countries fund (the Green Fund) concerned. and citizens.

East Asian Initiated in 1994, the EABRN Originally participated Since 1 January 2003, the UNESCO Funding from UNESCO Strong; supported by EuroMAB; SeaBRnet; Biosphere is one of the regional networks by China, Japan, -)*:6;MKZM\IZQI\_I[WNÅKQITTa Beijing is and members’ UNESCO and Network IUCN; Chinese Reserve supporting the UNESCO’s DPRK, ROK and transferred from Jakarta to headed by contributions members, Academy of Sciences Network Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Mongolia. The Russian UNESCO Beijing. a Director, MAB National (EABRN) Programme, with three priority Federation requested supported by Committees. themes for cooperation: to join the EABRN programme eco-tourism, conservation policy, in 1998. specialists in and transboundary conservation. natural sciences, education, EABRN aims to share BR social and management experience, human sciences, including zoning, biodiversity and culture. conservation, and socio-economic development experience; exchange information on the major functions of BRs in member States; promote cooperative research on biodiversity conservation and socio-economic development in and around BR; strengthen cooperation between EABRN and member States, and encourage international and regional cooperation with other Networks.

64 North- A CSO founded in 1998 China, Japan, ROK, The Secretariat is based in Seoul, Secretary Financial and technical Strong; UNDP, UNCCD East Asian with the objectives to restore Mongolia ROK. General support from national civil society. Secretariat, FAO and Forest Forum degraded forest lands, to combat and local governments other international (NEAFF) LM[MZ\QÅKI\QWVIVLLMNWZM[\I\QWV in the ROK (the Korea organizations. and to promote environmentally Forest Service and the sound and sustainable Seoul Metropolitan City management of forest ecosystems Government), private in the region by strengthening companies (Yuhan- networking and exchanging Kimberly Ltd), a public information among the countries fund (the Green Fund) concerned. and citizens.

Tripartite

Joint Research Established in 1999. Joint research China, Japan and ROK A Working Group with nine NIER is headed Research funding Strong; joint research Researchers from Project on was launched in 2000 as a members (three from each by a President. contributed by the with monitoring (ground other relevant research Long-Range government based air pollution participating countries); two governments of stations and aircraft) and institutes. Transboundary research framework for China, Sub-Working Groups, one for participating countries. modelling, including Air Pollutants Japan and Korea. monitoring and the other for relevant instrumentation (LTP) modelling; a Secretariat.(NIER, and equipment. ROK)

Acid Deposition EANET started in 1998 as Five North-East Asian Intergovernmental Meeting; Coordinator Funding contribution Strong; participating UNEP/RRC.AP, ACAP Monitoring intergovernmental initiative to countries (China, ;KQMV\QÅK)L^Q[WZa+WUUQ\\MM from the Government countries are committed Network in East create a common understanding Mongolia, ROK, (SAC); Secretariat (hosted by of Japan; voluntary to the research Network. Asia (EANET) on the state of acid deposition Japan and the Russian UNEP RRC.AP based at AIT, contributions from problems in East Asia Federation) and eight Thailand); Network Centre participating countries. South-East Asian (hosted by Asia Centre for Air countries (Cambodia, Pollution Research (ACAP) based Indonesia, Malaysia, in Japan); National Focal Points; Lao PDR, Myanmar, National Centres; and various Philippines, Thailand, Task Forces, Working Groups and and Viet Nam). Expert Groups under the SAC