North-East Asian Subregional Programme for Environmental Cooperation (NEASPEC) NEASPEC Working Paper 2012 NORTH-EAST ASIAN SUBREGIONAL PROGRAMME FOR ENVIRONMENTAL COOPERATION: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES PAK SUM LOW GTI Partnership EANET NOWPAP LTP EABRN Marine Protected Areas Network NEAEF TEMM ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC EAST AND NORTH-EAST ASIA OFFICE Note <PQ[XIXMZ_I[XZMXIZMLNWZ\PM\P;MVQWZ7NÅKQIT[5MM\QVOWN 6-);8-+_PQKP_I[PMTLQV+PMVOL]+PQVIWV ,MKMUJMZ <PMLM[QOVI\QWV[MUXTWaMLIVL\PMXZM[MV\I\QWVWN \PMUI\MZQITQV\PQ[X]JTQKI\QWVLWVW\QUXTa\PMM`XZM[[QWVWN IVa WXQVQWV_PI\[WM^MZWV\PMXIZ\WN \PM;MKZM\IZQI\WN \PM6-);8-+WZ\PM=VQ\ML6I\QWV[KWVKMZVQVO\PMTMOIT[\I\][WN IVaKW]V\Za\MZZQ\WZaKQ\aWZIZMIWZWN Q\[I]\PWZQ\QM[WZKWVKMZVQVO\PMLMTQUQ\I\QWVWN Q\[NZWV\QMZ[WZJW]VLIZQM[<PM KWV\MV\IVL^QM_[M`XZM[[MLQV\PQ[X]JTQKI\QWVIZM\PW[MWN \PMI]\PWZ[IVLVW\VMKM[[IZQTaZMÆMK\\PM^QM_[WZXWTQKQM[WZ KIZZa\PMMVLWZ[MUMV\WN \PM=VQ\ML6I\QWV[ LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ACAP 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=VQ\ML6I\QWV[,MXIZ\UMV\NWZ-KWVWUQKIVL;WKQIT)NNIQZ[ UNDP =VQ\ML6I\QWV[,M^MTWXUMV\8ZWOZIUUM UNECE =VQ\ML6I\QWV[-KWVWUQK+WUUQ[[QWVNWZ-]ZWXM UNEP =VQ\ML6I\QWV[-V^QZWVUMV\8ZWOZIUUM UNESCAP =VQ\ML6I\QWV[-KWVWUQKIVL;WKQIT+WUUQ[[QWVNWZ)[QIIVL\PM8IKQÅK UNESCO =VQ\ML6I\QWV[-L]KI\QWVIT;KQMV\QÅKIVL+]T\]ZIT7ZOIVQbI\QWV UNFCCC =VQ\ML6I\QWV[.ZIUM_WZS+WV^MV\QWVWV+TQUI\M+PIVOM UNIDO =VQ\ML6I\QWV[1VL][\ZQIT,M^MTWXUMV\7ZOIVQ[I\QWV UNOPS =VQ\ML6I\QWV[7NÅKMNWZ8ZWRMK\;MZ^QKM[ UNU =VQ\ML6I\QWV=VQ^MZ[Q\a UNU-IAS =VQ\ML6I\QWV=VQ^MZ[Q\a1V[\Q\]\MWN )L^IVKML;\]LQM[ UNWTO ?WZTL<W]ZQ[U7ZOIVQbI\QWV USAID =VQ\ML;\I\M[)OMVKaNWZ1V\MZVI\QWVIT,M^MTWXUMV\ VSP >Q[Q\QVO;KQMV\Q[\[8ZWOZIUUM WB ?WZTL*IVS WCMC ?WZTL+WV[MZ^I\QWV5WVQ\WZQVO+MV\ZM WSSD ?WZTL;]UUQ\WV;][\IQVIJTM,M^MTWXUMV\ 4 CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9 1. Introduction 2. Mandate and Objectives of this Report 3. Scope of the Report 13 4. :M^QM_WN;]JZMOQWVIT+WWXMZI\Q^M5MKPIVQ[U[QV)[QIIVL\PM8IKQÅK 14 )[[WKQI\QWVWN ;W]\P-I[\)[QIV6I\QWV[);-)6 14 0Q[\WZaIVLUQ[[QWV 14 8WTQ\QKITKWUUQ\UMV\ 15 /W^MZVQVOJWLa[\Z]K\]ZM[IVLQV[\Q\]\QWVITIZZIVOMUMV\ 15 );-)6;MKZM\IZQI\ 15 );-)6-V^QZWVUMV\IT+WWXMZI\QWVIVLXZQWZQ\aIZMI[ 16 .]VLQVOIZZIVOMUMV\[ 8IZ\VMZ[PQX[ );-)6+MV\ZMNWZ-VMZOa)+- ! );-)6+MV\ZMNWZ*QWLQ^MZ[Q\a)+* );-)6.W]VLI\QWV ;W]\P)[QI+WWXMZI\Q^M-V^QZWVUMV\8ZWOZIUUM;)+-8 0Q[\WZaIVLUQ[[QWV 8WTQ\QKITKWUUQ\UMV\ /W^MZVQVOJWLa[\Z]K\]ZM[IVLQV[\Q\]\QWVITIZZIVOMUMV\ ;)+-8;MKZM\IZQI\ ?WZSXZWOZIUUM[ .]VLQVOIZZIVOMUMV\[ 8IZ\VMZ[PQX[ 8IKQÅK:MOQWVIT-V^QZWVUMV\8ZWOZIUUM;8:-8 0Q[\WZaIVLUQ[[QWV 8WTQ\QKITKWUUQ\UMV\ /W^MZVQVOJWLa[\Z]K\]ZM[IVLQV[\Q\]\QWVITIZZIVOMUMV\ ;MKZM\IZQI\NWZ\PM8IKQÅK:MOQWVIT-V^QZWVUMV\8ZWOZIUUMIT[WSVW_VI[;8:-8 ?WZSXZWOZIUUM[ .]VLQVOIZZIVOMUMV\[ 8IZ\VMZ[PQX[ 5.