Australia Light Rail Report.Pdf

Light Railrail in In Australia Australia Light rail – the time has come! 1 Light Rail in Australia Australia has a mixed record with electrified transport systems, This document sketches a vision for the future of Australian with many extensive pre-war systems torn out in the early cities as we move into an era where climate change, petrol post-war years. Only Melbourne’s system remains at scale, with prices and traffic congestion demand that we rethink the way dramatically reduced services in Adelaide and Sydney, while our cities works. Perth, Hobart and Brisbane no longer operate services at all. Regional centres including Kalgoorlie, Bendigo, Ballarat and We can prosper in a carbon-light future if we make decisions Leonora boasted systems dating back to the gold rush years. now to shock-proof ourselves against the challenges of the 21st century, and a rapid, electrified mass transit system must be a With peak oil, climate change and traffic congestion all calling part of this vision. into question post-war transport planning, it is time to reinvent the age of electrified mass transit. Light rail is a form of urban rail public transport, essentially a modern tram system, using electric railcars large enough to accommodate up to 60 people as well as wheelchairs and bicycles. Light rail infrastructure has a low impact on the Melbourne urban environment, with rails unobtrusively laid along existing roadways or road reserves and stops along median strips. Melbourne was the only Australian city to retain its pre-war tram network. Today it is the largest network in the world, with 501 vehicles on 249 kilometres of double track. 158.3 million trips were taken on trams in Melbourne in 2007/20081. Even in Melbourme, network expansions have failed to keep pace with the growth of the city. Sydney Sydney once had the largest tram system in Australia, which ceased operating in 1961. A single privately owned line, Metro Light Rail, stretches 7km from Central Station to Lilyfield. Numerous proposals for line extensions have failed to come to fruition. Adelaide Adelaide today operates a single tram line between the CBD and Glenelg, which was once part of a much larger metro- wide system which closed in 1958. Gold Coast The Gold Coast Rapid Tansit project is a 13km dedicated line linking Griffith University’s Southport campus with Broadbeach, currently under construction. It is Australia’s first new light rail project in a regional centre, jointly funded by the Commonwealth, State Government and Gold Coast city council. 1. http://www.yarratrams.com.au/ ‘Facts and Figures’. Dublin, Ireland 3 Light Rail In Australia Sustainable cities Much of the debate around sustainability focuses on threats: Australia has a few examples of these kinds of development, rising sea levels, climate change, wars over depleting resources but without further action, we still risk stranding tens of such as oil and significant population increases. thousands of families on the urban fringe far from centres of employment and services. As we consider rolling out public In truth, sustainability is also about opportunity and hope, and transport infrastructure such as the combined light rail / bus ways of making our communities better places to live. transit model outlined in this report, we urgently need to reform our planning priorities as well. Planning world-class public transport for our communities will have important payoffs for greenhouse targets and reducing Post war sub-urban development have left our cities with our dependence on imported oil. many square kilometres of housing with average densities between 12 - 20 dwellings per hectare, far from services and But the more immediate payoff will come in improvements employment centres. In areas such as this where ‘urban village’ to quality of life: less time stuck in traffic, more liveable densification schemes are likely to be unpopular, impractical neighbourhoods and stronger local economies. or would come far too late, we need to rethink the way bus It has been argued that public transport works best in high services are routed and timetabled. population centres where a critical mass of people are an Experience in low densitiy cities in North America and Europe easy walk or cycle from transfer stations. It helps create more show that huge increases in public transport patronage are vibrant local communities with areas of medium to high possible with more frequent, direct bus services and well density dwellings, diverse and affordable housing opportunities coordinated network planning allowing easier ‘anywhere to and more public open space and parks. anywhere’ access. Improving feeder networks in this way can Creating bustling neighbourhoods that combine residential, dramatically improve the economics of trunk light rail or heavy commercial and retail uses will generate local employment, rail routes and allows them to cross-subsidise less profitable services and social and economic opportunities for residents. bus services. Pedestrian-friendly streetscapes with safe bicycle infrastructure Around the world, public transport is making a comeback: on and a reduced emphasis on cars will improve safety and social drawing boards, in government planning authorities, and in interaction and compliment clean, frequent, safe and fast our neighbourhoods. public transport links between districts. With light rail projects expanding in Melbourne, the Gold Planners are now revisiting the idea of urban village Coast, Sydney and Adelaide, and the proposition of substantial archipelagos, networks of medium and high density human- Commonwealth Government public transport funding for the scale settlements linked with safe, fast, frequent public first time in a decade, we are on the edge of an urban tipping transport. point. As you consider this document, be mindful that this is more than an infrastructure proposal: it is an invitation to take the next step toward a more liveable, socially inclusive and sustainable communty. 5 Light Rail In Australia 2 Why should we invest in public transport? Decades of North-American style urban planning has left Australian cities among the most car-dependent in the world. While cheap oil prices have masked the greater health, pollution, carbon and community costs of private automobile dependence, all of this is set to change. With planning and foresight, we can build on existing transport assets to create world class integrated systems. In 2009, the Australian Senate’s Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport Committee undertook an inquiry into pubic transport. This provided an important snapshot of the current state of service provision and the surge in patronage that has occurred over the past few years: Tourism “In total in the eight capital cities public transport trips increased by 14.7 percent Many tourists use public transport as their preferred way from 2004 to 2008, and the public transport mode share increased from 9.3 percent of exploring a city. A good public transport system can itself become an attraction, such as Melbourne’s tram network. to 10.6 per cent. These growth rates have been well above population growth.”1 Health benefits of public transport Enhancing social inclusion ...the cost of traffic Every public transport journey begins and ends with a walk or a cycle,leading to a more physically active and healthy society. A reduction in pollution will also benefit community health: Public transport is most important to those people who have congestion in the Bureau of Transport and Regional Economics estimates the cost of the health effects of no alternative means of transport; this is particularly the case Australian cities has motor vehicle pollution was $2.6 billion in the year 20002. The cost of road traffic injury and among youth, the elderly and people with a disability. Access death in 2003 was estimated at $17 billion. been estimated to be to public transport is also particularly important to those in 7 outlying areas who have to drive further and therefore pay a $12.8 billion per year... greater proportion of their income on fuel. This is addressed Reduced traffic congestion further in Section Three. Public transport takes a portion of private vehicles off the road. The cost of traffic congestion in Australian cities has been estimated by the Bureau of Transport and Regional Economics to be Oil vulnerability $12.8 billion per year3. These estimates calculate the value of lost time spent in traffic and give some idea of how economically inefficient car dependence has become. Perth is facing two fossil fuel crises: coming oil price shocks as world markets finally acknowledge the reality of peak oil, and the unthinkable possibility of runaway climate change. Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions Both these challenges will impact heavily on how we travel Travel for work, shopping, personal business and recreation is estimated to be responsible for to work, to school, and social activity. The extraordinary 34% of household greenhouse gas emissions4 and therefore increased public transport use spike in petrol prices in 2008 will inevitably return, but can make a significant cut to an individual’s carbon footprint. On average 210 grams of carbon almost nothing has been done at a State or Federal level to are emitted per passenger kilometre using a private vehicle, while only 60 grams of carbon are shockproof the community against oil vulnerability. Public emitted from each passenger kilometre using rail transport5. transport systems – particularly if electrified – can

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