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List of International Nonproprietary, United States Adopted, and Trade Names of Some

International United States Trade names nonproprietary name adopted name Acetarsol Cestarsol, Nemoral, Nemural, Tenoban Albendazole Valbacen, Valbazen, Zentel Amidantel Bephenium hydroxynaphthoate - Alcopar, Alcopara, Frantin Bithionolate sodium Actamer, Bitin, Lorothidol Bitoscanate Jonit Bromoxanide Bromoxanide Brotianide Bunamidine Bunamidine Ruban, Scolaban hydrochloride Cambendazole Cambendazole Bonlam, Camben, Camdan, Equiben, Nemi• nil, Porcam 5% Ciclobendazole Clioxanide Clioxanide Tremerad Closantel Closantel Flukiver, Seponver Coumafos Asuntol, Baymix, Co-Ral, Meldane, Muscavox Antiphen, Dicestal, Didroxone, Diphenthane- 70, Parabis, Teniathane, Teniatol, Ver• miplex Dichlororphenol + bithionol Trematol Atgard, Dichlorman, Equigard, Equigel, Task, Tenac Caricide, Dirocide, Hetrazan Difetarsone Bemarsal Abminthic, Delvex, Deselmine, Dizan, Pankil• ler, Telmid Erythromycine ( = carbomycin) Erythromycin estolate Magnamycin Febantel Febantel Rintal Febantel + trichlorfon Rintal-plus Fenbendazole Axilur, Panacur 656 List of International Nonproprietary and Trade Names of Some Anthelmintics

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International United States Trade names nonproprietary name adopted name

Fenc1ofos Ronnel Dermaphos, Ectoral, Etrolene, Ronnel, Trc lene Flubendazole Flubenol, Flumoxal, Flutelmium, Fluverma Fospirate Fospirate Torelle Haloxon Cavoxon, Equivurm, Eustidil, Galloxon 77' Halox, Helmiren, Loxon, Verloxon Bilevon, Distocid, Distodin, Distophen, Fasciobitin, Fasciophene Ivermectin Ivomec, Eqvalan Levamisole Anthe1por, Anthesol, Ascaridil, Ascaryl, hydrochloride Aviverm, Aviversol, Citarin-L, Concurat• Decaris, Decaris vet, Ergamisol, Getevern L, Istamicide, Ketrax, Levipor, Levoriper col, L-Narpenol, L-Ripercol, L-SpartakOl L-Tramisol, Nemaphenine, Nemicanisol, Nemicide, Nemisol, Nilverm, Nilzan, Pa• gliderm, Paglisol, Pig wormer, Riporon, Solaskil, Stimamizol, Tramisol, Tramizan Vermisol, Wormex Mebendazole Antiox, Equiverm-plus, Fugacar, Gammax, Lomper, Mebatreat, Mebenav, Mebenvet, Muitispec, Nemasole, Noverme, Ovite1mil Pantelmin, Parmeben, Telmin, Te1min-KI• Telmin RTL, Te1mintic, Vermox, Vermox vet, Verpanil Mebendazole + Trichlorfon-Telmin Metyridine Deke1min, Mintic, Promintic Metrifonate (trichlorfon) Bilarcil, Combot, Dipterex, Ditrifon, Dylox, Dyrex, Foschlor, Neguvon, Tugon Morantel tartrate Banminth II, Bovhelm, Expar, Glylox, Ibantic, Nemante1, Ovithelm, Paratect Naftalofos Amdax, Maretin, Rametin Nic1ofolan Bilevon, Dertil, Distolon Nic10samide Nic10samide Cestocid, Devermin, Lintex, Mansonil, Phe• nasal, Radeverm, Sagimid, Tredemine, Vermitin, Yomesan Nitrodan Nitrodan Everfree Nitroscanate Lopatol Nitroxynil Dovenix, Trodax Oxante1 Oxante1 pamoate + Polbantrin, Quantrel Oxfendazole Synanthic, Systamex List of International Nonproprietary and Trade Names of Some Anthelmintics 657

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lnternational United States Trade names lonproprietary name adopted name

)xibendazole AM 313, Bovinol, Equiminthe, Loditac, Neplon 100 )xibendazole + dichlorvos Equiminthe-plus Dxibendazole + Polyverkan Dxyclozanide Diplin, Metiljin, Zanil Oxytetracyline Terramycin Parbendazole Parbendazole Helmatax, Verminum, Wormguard Paromomycin Gabbromycin, Gabbroral, Humagel, Huma- tin Contaverm, Coopazine, Helmitina, Pheno• bent, Phenovis Adipate: Antivermin, Ascatrix, Coopane, Entacyl, Mapiprin, Pipadox, Piperfesa, Pipradin Citrate: Antelmin, Bryrel, Moncasan, Piperasol, Pi- prelix, Safersol Phosphate: Candizine, Piperazate Sebacate: Nematorazine Praziquantel Biltricide, Cesol, Droncit Promethazine Phenergan Pyrantel Pyrantel pamoate Antiminth, Combantrin, Strongig P Pyrantel tartrate Banminth, Exhelm, Pyrequan, Strongid Pyrantel + oxantel Canex plus Pamoate: Vanquin, Povan Rafoxanide Rafoxanide Flukanide, Ranide Resorantel Terenol Spiramycin Spiramycin Rovamycin Stilbazium iodide Stilbazium iodide Monopar Tetramisole Tetramisole- Anthelvet, Aviverm, Aviversol, Deltram, hydrochloride Imena, Nemicide, Nilverm, Nilzan, Pig wormer, Ripercol, Strongophenine, Vade• phen, Vermium Tetramisole + niclosamide Aritene, Stromiten Thenium closylate + Ancaris, Canopar piperazine Thiabendazole Bovizole, Coglazol, Equizole, Mintizol, Om• nizole, Thibenzole 658 List of International Nonproprietary and Trade Names of Some Anthelmintics

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International United States Trade names nonproprietary name adopted name

Tiabendazole + piperazine Equizole A Ticarbodine Ticarbodine Tioxidazole Tioxidazole Uredofos Uredofos Sansalid Vincofos Vincofos SUbject Index

Acanthogobius 127 45 mode of action 127 131, 132 mode of administration 204, 258, 354 pyrantel 165 Moniezia 593 Acetylcholinesterase 146 202-204 pyrantel 165 Nematodirus 414-417,427 Adleriella minutissima Nematospiroides dub ius 127 hosts 527 Oesophagostomum 414-417,427,478 locality 527 Ostertagia 414-417 Alaria alata 528 Ostertagia ostertagi 418 hosts 527 Oxyuris 455 locality 527 Oxyuris equi L4 445 Alariasis 528 Oxyuris equi L5 445 Albendazole 4,454,535,591,598 202 abomasal fluid 126 paramphistomes 523 Ancylostoma canium 202 455 202-204 Parascaris equorum L4 445 478 Parascaris equorum L5 445 257,258 125, 126 Ascaris suum 202 plasma levels 125 assessment 202,257,353 precautions 204,258,284,319,354 Bunostomum 414-417 Probstmayra vivipara 445 cambendazole-resistant H. contortus product names 419 strain 426 resistance 413,426,427 Chabertia 15, 417, 427 ruminal fluid 126 contraindications 204,258,284,319, sheep 126, 127 354 side effects 204,258,284,319,354,641 Cooperia 414-417,427 skeletal abnormalities 127 cost 641 small strongyles L4 445 dosage 204, 258, 354, 446 small strongyles L5 445 Draschia megastoma 445 strongyloides 414-417,426,455 efficacy 593,641 Strongyloides stercoralis 318, 319 embryotoxic effect 408 Strongyloides westeri 445 formulations 419,446 Strongylus edentatus 445 Gaigeria 415,417,427 Strongylus equinus 445 Habronema spp. 445 Strongylus vulgaris 445 Haemonchus 414-417 suppliers 419, 446 202, 203 Syphacia obvelata 202 202 202 length of treatment 641 593 male reproduction 427 Thysanosoma actinioides 593 mass treatment 258, 640, 641 toxicity 593 membrane resistance 127 toxicology 127 Mesocestoides 593 Toxocara 499 660 Subject Index

Albendazole dosage 206 202 feces 128 trade name 446, 655 filariae 127 414--417,427 hookworms 205 Trichostrongylus axei 445 mode of action 128 Trichuris 478 mode of administration 206 204, 353 mutagenic activity 128 Trichuris vulpis 202 Necator americanus 205 urine 126 pharmacokinetics 127 Albendazole sulfone 126 precautions 207 Albendazole sulfoxide 126 mansoni 206 Alkaline phosphatases 147 schistosomes 127 Alkaloids 491 side effects 206 Amidantel 128 toxicology 128 204 urine 128 Ascaris lumbricoides 204, 258 dosage 205 ' Amphibians mode of administration 205 intermediate host 559 Necator americanus 204 Amphostomiasis side effects 205 clioxanide 533 Strongyloides stercoralis 204 Anacardium occidentale 196 teratogenic effects 129 Ancylostoma toxicology 129 piperazine 491 Toxocara canis 204 191,487-489 Uncinaria stenocephala 204 disophenol 139 Amidostomum 506, 508 tiabendazole 496 Amidostomum anseris Ancylostoma caninum 488, 489, 495 cambendazole 513 albendazole 499 disophenol 512 amidantel 204 fenbendazole 514 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 207 levamisole 516 congenital 29 mebendazole 513 disophenol 139 pyrantel 515 dogs 29.30 trichlorphon 512 immunization 30 Amidostonum anseris ivermectin 500 geese 505 metyridine 493 Amines 470 nitrodan 493 y-aminobutyric acid nitroscanate 587 Angiostrongylus cantonensis 130 praziquantel 164 Ascaris suum 130 pyrantel pamoate 225 Caenorhabditis elegans 131 thenium 493 ivermectin 131 tiabendazole 496 131 Ancylostoma canium Amminosidin sulphate 595 albendazole 202 Amoebiasis Ancylostoma duodenale 26, 186, 202, 224 prevalence 632 adult worms 191 Amoebotaenia sphenoides albendazole 203, 204 birds 575, 598 amidantel 204 bunamidine hydroxynaphthoate 587 amoscanate 205 di-n-butyl tin dilaurate 598 anemia 30, 31, 191, 193 fowl 598 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 208, niclosamide 598 631 turkey 598 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate and Amoscanate tetrachloroethylene 232 Ancylostoma duodenale 205 bitoscanate 209,210 assessment 205 blood loss 31 contraindications 207 cachexia montana 31 Subject Index 661

clinical manifestations 30 picrotoxin 131 colostrum 85, 635 praziquantel 164 control 31 tiabendazole 299 coproculture 193 Angiostrongylus costaricencis 296 development 191 adults 297 egg-output 191, 193 clinical symptoms 11, 12 eggs 28,191 definitive hosts 11 epidemiology 28, 29 diagnosis 297 flubendazole 214 eggs 11,297 geographical distribution 27, 193 epidemiology 12 host 191 geographical distribution 11,298 hypobiosis 191 host 297 immunization 30 rate 12 infective larvae 635 intermediate host 11 intensity of infections 30 L1 larvae 297 iron 30,31 life cycle 11 iron deficiency 191, 193 morphology 11 L3 infective larvae 191 prevalence 12,298 larvae 3 reservoir hosts 297 levamisole 216,217 tiabendazole 298 life cycle 27 transmission 2 life span 29, 191 Angiostrongylus malaysiensis mass therapy 220 flubendazole 299 mebendazole 220,221 mebendazole 299 morphology 27 Anisakiasis 295 prevalence 27 14 pyrantel pamoate 225 control 14 tetrachloroethylene 198 geographical distribution 13 tiabendazole and levamisole 232 herring worm disease 12 tunnel anemia 29, 31 prevention 14, 240 Ancylostoma malayanum 191 Teranova 14 treatment 240 nitroscanate 588 Anisakis 14 191,207,223,228,487 anisakiasis 12 'prevalence 194,632 clinical manifestations 238 Rockefeller control campaign 633 diagnosis 239 Anemia 189, 191 eggs 13 Ancylostoma duodenale 30, 31 epidemiology 13 Diphylobothrium latum 49 first intermediate hosts 13 folic-acid deficiency 3 geographical distribution 12, 239 iron 30 host 237 Necator americanus 30 intermediate hosts 237 vitamin B12 49 life cycle 13 12,298 marina 12 Angiostrongylus morphology 13, 237 see M orerastrongylus andersoni prevalence 239 see M orerastrongylus costaricensis second intermediate hosts 13 Angiostrongylus cantonensis 2, 298 second-stage larva 13 acetylcholine 131 transmission 2 y-aminobutyric acid 130 Anisakis marina 236 B1a 299 Anisakis physeteris ivermectin 130 anisakiasis 12 levamisole 299 geographical distribution 12 N-methylcytisine 131 Anisus sarasinorum 550 niclosamide 155 Anoplocephala paralysis 130 fenbendazole 592 662 Subject Index

Anoplocephala Cooperia 79 598 Haemonchus 79 mebendazole 598 Haemonchus contortus 82,83 niclosamide 598 84 Anoplocephala magna Nematodiurs spp. 79 cambendazole 591 Ostertagia 79 horses 572 Ostertagia ostertagi 80-83, 142 oxfendazole 591 Toxocara spp. 79 Anoplocephala perfoliata Trichostrongylus retortaeformis 80 horses 572 Trichostrongylus spp. 79 mebendazole 594 Arsenic compounds 491, 613 oxfendazole 591 Artemisia 250 Anoplocephalidae 571 Artyfechinostomum Anserines 530 hosts 527 Anthelmintics locality 527 herbal preparations 125 malayanum 527 herd 469 munchii 527 international nonproprietary name Artyfechinostomum malayanum 655-658 toxicity 408 pigs 526 trade names 655--658 Arylesterases United States adopted name 655-657 dichlorvos 153 Anthephane metrifonate 153 huski 543 14, 16,240,465 Antibiotics 197,251,282, 595 absorption of fat 18 Apatemon gracilis aminoacid absorption 18 ducks 530 carbohydrates 18 hosts 530 clinical manifestations 18 pigeons 530 control 19, 20 Apophallus donicum diagnosis 19, 247 hosts 527 economic implications 19 locality 527 health education 21 125, 577 impairement of nutrition 18 tapeworm infections 557 improvement of the hygienic standards Arecoline acetarsol 21 chemistry 580 levamisole 4, 19 580 malnutrition 19 580 mass chemotherapy 19, 21 efficacy 580 mebendazole 4 mode of action 580 pathology 243 Taenia 580 prevalence 20, 632 toxicity 580 prevention 19,20 Arecoline carboxyphenylstibonate pyrantel 5 Dipylidium caninum 580 pyrantel pamoate 4 Taenia 580 vitamin A 18 Arecoline hydro bromide xerophthalmia 18 antidote 579 Ascaridia 505 diagnostic agent 579 adults 507-509 Dipylidium caninum 577 cambendazole 507 Echinococcus granulosus 577 coumafos 507,511 efficacy 577 developing larvae 507-509 mode of action 578 febantel 507 pharmacodynamics 578 fenbendazole 507,509,514 Taenia ovis 577 haloxon 507, 509 toxicity 578 ivermectin 507 Arrested larval development levamisole 507-509 acqired immunity 84 mebendazole 507,513 Subject Index 663

metyridine 507-509 levamisole 474 parbendazole 508 mass therapy 220 phenothiazine 507, 510 mebendazole 225,477 piperazine 507, 508 morantel 474 pyrantel 507 oxantel 474 tiabendazole 507,509 oxfendazole 477 Ascaridia columbae oxibendazole 478 fenbendazole 514 parbendazole 476 pigeons 505 pathogenicity 633 tiabendazole 512 piperazine 631 Ascaridia dissimilis pyrantel 474 levamisole 516 pyrantel pamoate 225 parbendazole 512 sodium fluoride 471 piperazine 510 thiophanate 479 turkeys 505 tiabendazole 475 Ascaridia galli transmission 2 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 132 Ascaris lumbricoides 252, 254, 270, 342, 344 cambendazole 513 albendazole 257, 258 chickens 505,510 amidantel 204, 258 febantel 516 ascaridol 250 fenbendazole 514 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 258 ivermectin 517 cambendazole 260 levamisole 515 chemotherapy 18, 19 mebendazole 513 Chenopodium ambrosioides 250 metyridine 510 kinase 161 piperazine 510 ciclobendazole 260 pyrantel 515 combination of oxantel and pyrantel 5 tiabendazole 512 control 19,20 Ascaridol 197, 250 Dichlorvos 252 Fasciolopsis buski 543 ectopic migrations 246 Ascarids 495 egg-output 5, 18, 242 dichlorvos 494, 498 eggs 3,15-17,19,21,241,242 diethylcarbamazine 497 environmental sanitation 20 dithiazanine iodide 497 epidemiology 16, 40 fenbendazole 498 fenbendazole 261 levamisole 498 first-stage rhabditoid larvae 241 mebendazole 498 flubendazole 262 methylbenzene + dichlorophene 497 flubendazole and levamisole 276 nitrodan 497 flubendazole and tinidazole 276 nitroscanate 498 fourth-stage larvae 241 piperazine 497 geographical distribution 14,247 pyrantel pamoate 498 host 242 pyrantel + oxantel 498 hygromycin B 251 thenium closylate + piperazine 497 hypersensitivity reactions 244 ticarbodine 500 immunity reactions 245 Ascaris 189,646 immunological processes 16 albendazole 478 intensity of infections 18 cadmiums 471 intestinal obstruction 3 cambendazole 476 kainic acid 250 eggs 2 L2 larvae 241 febantel 478, 479 larvae 244 fenbendazole 477 levamisole 19,264 flubendazole 215,478 levamisole and mebendazole 276 hygromycin B 471 life cycle 15 incidence 464 mass treatment 256,258,260,261,264, ivermectin 479 267,272,276 664 Subject Index

Ascaris lumhricoides niclosamide 155 mebendazole 267 organophosphorous compounds 252 mebendazole and pyrantel 276 oxfendazole 472 Metrifonate 252 oxibendazole 472 migration 3 paralysis 132, 148 morphology 15 parbendazole 472 parasite 240 32Pi_ATP exchange 155 phenothiazine 251 picrotoxin 131 phopholipase 161 piperazine 161,472 piperazine 161,253,256 prepatent period 469 piperazine and pyrvinium 276 pyrantel 472 piperazine and tiabendazole 277 symptoms 245 prevalences 14, 15, 17, 18,21,29,248 pyrantel and oxantel 272, 273 tiabendazole 472 pyrantel pamoate 272 treatment frequency 469 pyrethrines 250 trichlorfon 471,472 Semen contra 250 151 stilbazium iodide 251 Ascaris suum tissues symptoms 245 mebendazole 149, 150 tiabendazole 274 Ascarops strongylina 467 tiabendazole and levamisole 232 trichlorfon 471 transmission 16-18,40 Ascocotyle sp. Ascaris suum hosts 527 adults 464 locality 527 albendazole 202 Aspiculuris tetraptera y-aminobutyric acid 130,131 mebendazole 170 ATP synthesis 137,138 tiabendazole 170 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 132 Aspidium 613 cambendazole 472 ATP synthesis cholinesterase 153 Ascaris suum 139, 155 closantel 137 bithionol 133 diagnosis 247 cambendazole 135 dichlorophen 138 closantel 137 dichlorvos 472 dichlorophen 138 disophenol 139 disophenol 139 ectopic migrations 246 155 egg output 242 139 eggs 241,242 mebendazole 151 febantel 472 151 fenbendazole 143,472 niclosamide 155 first-stage rhabditoid larvae 241 ATPase flubendazole 472 closantel 137 fumarate reductase 148 2,4-dinitrophenol 128 haloxon 472, 473 Disophenol 140 histamine 132 137 human infections 18 liver 140 hypersensitivity reactions 244 oligomycin 128 immunity reactions 245 Atropine 494, 579 ivermectin 131 Avermectin B1a L2 larvae 241 Angiostrongylus cantonensis 299 larvae 244, 464 197,432,455,470,479,500, levamisole 472 517 mebendazole 149,151,170,472 inorganic and metallorganic metrifonate 153,200 compounds 125 microtubules 143 Streptomyces avermitilis 129 mitochondria 138-140, 155 Avitellina 573 mitochondrial phosphorylation 137 albendazole 598 Subject Index 665

bunamidine hydroxynaphthoate 598 Trichostrongylus 414, 415 cambendazole 598 Bephenium hydrochloride cattle 598 Fasciolopsis buski 543 fenbendazole 598 Bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 131 niclosamide 583, 598 Ancylostoma caninum 207 oxfendazole 598 Ancylostoma duodenale 208, 631 praziquantel 598 Ascaridia galli 132 ruminants 572 Ascaris lumbricoides 258, 260 sheep 598 Ascaris suum 132 Avitellina centripunctata assessment 207, 258, 315 axenomycins 595 contraindications 209,315 Axenomycins 595 dosage 208,259,315 Heterophyes heterophyes 547 Basic bismuth carbonate histamine 132 Strongyloides stercoralis 315 hookworms 207 Beef individual treatment 209 anthelrnintics 113 mass treatment 209,260 control strategies 113 547 Beef measles 569 mode of action 132 carbamates 452,470, 476, mode of administration 208, 259, 315 496 Necator americanus 207,208 albendazole 127 Nematospiroides dubius 207 ciclobendazole 135 paralysis 132 fenbendazole 141 periodic deworming 631 flubendazole 143 pharmacokinetics 132 mebendazole 148 precautions 209,315 methylthiophanate 170 side effects 209,259,315 microtubules 127 Strongyloides stercoralis 315 170 Ternidens deminutus 329 oxfendazole 156 toxicology 132 oxibendazole 127, 157 trade name 655 parbendazole 158 Trichostrongylus 340 2-Benzimidazole carbamic acid methyl Trichuris trichiura 354 ester 171 urine 132 421,452,470,475,496, Bephenium hydroxynaphthoate and 512,590 tetrachloroethylene ovicidal effect 412 Ancylostoma duodenale 232 Benzoylmetacresol Necator americanus 232 Enterobius vermicularis 282 Betanaphthol Bephenium 409,419,493 Fasciolopsis buski 543 Bunostomum 414,415 333 Chabertia 15 Betel nut Cooperia 414,415 Fasciolopsis buski 543 cost 641 Birds 598 efficacy 641 Amoebotaenia sphenoides 575 fasciolopiasis 525 Choanotaenia infundibulum 575 Fasciolopsis buski 525 gastrointestinal nematodiasis 505 Gaigeria 415 Hymenolepis 576 Haemonchus 414,415 intermediate host 559 length of treatment 641 intestinal trematodes 521, 529 mass treatment 640, 641 Metroliasthes lucida 575 Nematodirus 413-415 Bithionol 140 Oesophagostomum 414,415 ATP synthesis 133 Ostertagia 414,415 cestodes 597 side effects 641 Cotylophoron cotylophorum 532 Strongyloides 414,415 cinetorchis 550 666 Subject Index

Bithiono1 precautions 348 echinostomes 526 side effects 348 echinostomiasis 550 Trichuris trichiura 348 Eurytrema 533 Bromophenophos 140 Gastrodiscus aegypticus 532 Bromoxanide Gastrothylax crumenifer 532 Bunostomum 415 Heterophyes heterophyes 547 Chabertia 415 intestinal 550 Cooperia 415 Liorchis scotiae 532 Fasciola hepatica l33 Metagonimus yokogawai 547 formulations 419 mode of action l33 Gaigeria 415 l33 Haemonchus 415,428 paramphistomes 523-525, 532 Haemonchus contortus l33 Pharamphistomum microbothrium 532 Nematodirus 415 toxicology l32 Oesophagostomum 415 trade name 655 Ostertagia 415 Bithiono1 su1phoxide 535 product names 419 Eurytrema 533 Strongyloides 415 paramphistomes 524 suppliers 419 Bithynia ganiomyphalus 552 Bitoscanate 329 Trichostrongylus 415 Ancylostoma duodenale 209,2lO Brotianide 134 assessment 2lO Echinostoma caproni 533 contraindications 212 echinostomiasis 528 dosage 212 paramphistomes 523, 533 hookworms 209,212 Bunamidine 125, 584, 598 individual therapy 212 llunamidine hydrochloride masS 'treatment 212 chemistry 584 mode of administration 212 Dipyllidium caninum 585 Necator americanus 209,2lO Echinococcus granulosus 584, 585 pharmacokinetics l33 Echinococcus multilocularis 585 precautions 212 efficacy 584 side effects 212 fumarate-reductase 586 toxicology 133 Hymenolepis diminuta 586 trade name 655 Hymenolepis nana 586 Trichostrongylus 340 mode of action 586 Bodenheimer formula 241 pharmacodynamics 586 Brachylaemus commutatus Spirometra mansonoides 585 galliformes 530 585 hosts 530 Taenia multiceps 585 pigeons 530 Taenia pisiformis 585 Brachylaemus suis Taenia taeniae/ormis 585 pigs 526 toxicity 586 Brachythemis contaminata 553 trade name 655 Brain Bunamidine hydroxynaphthoate 598 mebendazole 151 Amoebotaenia sphenoides 587 tubulin 143,151,170 chemistry 586 Bromelain Echinococcus granulosus 587 Trichuris trichiura 347 efficacy 587 1-bromo-naphto1 Moniezia expansa 587 Fasciolopsis buski 543 587 Bromo-p-naphtho1 Taenia pisiformis 587 contraindications 348 toxicity 587 dosage 348 Bunostomum hookworms 197, 198 a1bendazole 414-417,426 mode of administration 348 bephenium 414,415 Necator americanus 198 bromoxanide 415 Subject Index 667

clioxanide 415,417 resistance 412 closantel 415 efficacy 591 coumafos 414 embryotoxic effect 408, 422 disophenol 415 formulation 446, 470, 509 febantel 414-416,432 fumarate reductase 135 fenbantel 417 geese 513 fenbendazole 414-417,423 Habronema spp. 445 fenclofos 414,415 Haemonchus contortus 170 haloxon 414,415 Heterakis 507 ivermectin 414-417 Heterakis gallinarum 513 levamisole 414-417,430 Hyostrongylus 476 mebendazole 415 Hystrongylus rubidus 472 metyridine 414,415 lactate production 135 morantel 414,415,417,429 membrane resistance 127 naftalofos 414,415 microtubules 135 nitroxynil 414,415,417 mode of action 134 oxfendazole 414-417,425,426 Moniezia expansa 134,135,591 oxibendazole 414-417,424 Oesophagostomum 472,476 parbendazole 414-417 oxibendazole 127 phenothiazine 14,413,415 Oxyuris 452 pyrantel 414,415,417,428 Oxyuris equi L4 445 rafoxanide 414-416,427 Oxyuris equi L5 445 thiophanate 414-417 Parascaris 452 tiabendazole 414, 415 Parascaris equorum L4 445 trichlorphon 414, 415 Parascaris equorum L5 445 Bunostomum phlebotomum pharmacokinetics 134 mebendazole 220 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase nitroxynil 420 135 parbendazole 422 Probstmayra vivipara 445, 452 tiabendazole 421 small strongyles L4 445 small strongyles L5 445 Cadmium Strongyloides 452, 476 ascaris 471 Strongyloides ransomi 472 Caenorhabditis elegans Strongyloides stercoralis 319 ivermectin 130 Strongyloides westeri 445 levamisole 131 Strongylus edentatus 445 paralysis 130 Strongylus equinus 445 Calicophoron calicophorum 522 Strongylus vulgaris 445 niclofolan 533 supplier 446,470,509 Calomel 491 591 Cambendazole 320, 598 Taenia hydatigena 591 Amidostomum anseris 513 Thysanosoma 591 Anoplocephala magna 591 toxicity 134,408, 422, 591 Ascaridia 507 trade name 446, 470, 509, 655 Ascaridia galli 513 Trichinella spiralis 334 Ascaris 476 Trichostrongylus 452 Ascaris lumbricoides 260 Trichostrongylus axei 445 Ascaris suum 472 Trichuris suis 472 assessment 260 Cambendazole, mebendazole, and ATP synthesis 135 tinidazole Capillaria 507 side effects 328 Capillaria obsignata 513 Strongyloides stercoralis 328 chickens 513 Cambendazole and mebendazole dosage 446,470 Strongyloides stercoralis 327 Draschia 452 Capillaria 506 Draschia megastoma 445 adults 507-509 668 Subject Index

Capillaria Fasciolopsis buski 525, 543 cambendazole 507 hominis 551 coumafos 507,511 Heterophyes heterophyes 547 developing larvae 507-509 hookworms 631 febantel 507 intestinal trematodes 529 fenbendazole 507,509,514 Metagonimus yokogawai 547 haloxon 507, 509, 511 Nanophyetes salmincolla 528 ivermectin 507 nanophyetiasis 528 levamisole 507-509,516 paramphistomes 530 mebendazole 507,513 periodic deworming 631 metyridine 507-509 Ternidens deminutus 329 parbendazole 422, 508 Carmyerius gregarius 522 phenothiazine 507,510 Carnivores piperazine 507, 508 gastrointestinal nematodiasis 487 pyrantel 507 Cashew nut oil 196, 491 tiabendazole 507, 509 Catatropis verrucosa Capillaria anatis galliformes 530 metyridine 511 hosts 530 Capillaria contorta 506 Cats Capillaria obsignata 506 Diplopylidium spp. 598 cambendazole 513 Dipylidium caninum 575, 598 Heterakis gallinarum 512 dogs 561 ivermectin 517 gastrointestinal nematodes 487,488, levamisole 515, 516 490,497 mebendazole 513 metyridine 510,511 intestinal trematodes 527 pyrantel 515 Joyeuxiel/a 575 tiabendazole 512 Joyeuxiella spp. 598 Capillaria philippinensis 21, 633 Spirometra erinacei 561 autoinfections 22 Spirometra mansonoides 561 chemotherapy 4 598 clinical manifestations 300 Cattle 416,418,421,423-429,431,432, control 23 466 diagnosis 301 Avitellina 598 dithiazanine iodide 301 bunamidine hydroxynaphthoate 598 eggs 22,299 cambendazole 598 epidemiology 22 fenbendazole 598 flubendazole 301 gastrointestinal nematodes 116, 414 geographical distribution 22,23,301 Helictometra giardi 598 host 22,300 mixed grazing 115, 116 intermediate host 22 Moniezia 598 levamisole 301 oxfendazole 598 life cycle 22, 299 Stilesia globipunctata 598 mebendazole 4,301,302 Stilesia hepatica 598 morphology 22 Thysanosoma actinioides 598 prevalence 301 CC14 306 pyrantel pamoate 303 Centrocestus tiabendazole 301,303 formosanus 545 transmission 2 kurokawai 545 Capillaria putorii 488 Centrocestus armatus Capillariasis 23 hosts 527 Carassius carassius 548 locality 527 Carbomycin Cephalophallus obscurus Enterobius vermicularis 282 hosts 527 Carbon tetrachloride 531 locality 527 echinostomiasis 528, 549 Cerebral 569 fasciolopiasis 525 praziquantel 5 Subject Index 669

Cerithidea cingulata oxibendazole 415,417,424 Heterophyes heterophyes 45, 548 parbendazole 415,417,422 Cerithiidae 546 phenothiazine 413,415 Cestode infections pyrantel 415,417,428 man 5,613,614 rafoxanide 415 prevalence 613 thiophanate 415,417,431 Cestodes 492 tiabendazole 415 bithionol 597 trichlorphon 415 calcareous corpuscles 558 Chabertia ovina copper sulphate 597 tiabendazole 421 eggs 559 Cheetah female system 559 fenbendazole 499 ganglia 559 Chenopodium ambrosioides 197,250 gravid proglottids 559 Chenopodium oil 491 intermediate host 559 hookworms 197 lead arsenate 597 Chickens life cycle 559 Ascaridia galli 505 male reproductive system 559 cambendazole 513 597 coumafos 511 methylbenzene + dichlorophene 497 Davainea proglottina 574 microtriches 558 fenbendazole 514 musculature 558 gastrointestinal nematodes 507 neck 558 haloxon 511 nervous system 559 ivermectin 517 oocytes 559 mebendazole 513 parenchyma 558 metyridine 510 praziquantel 536 phenothiazine 510 proglottids 558 pyrantel 515 resorantel 597 tiabendazole 512 rostellum 558 l,chloro-2,2,2-trichlorodifluorethane scolex 558 Cotylophoron cotylophorum 532 strobila 558 Fischoederius elongatus 532 tegument 558 Gastrothylax crumenifer 532 tegumental syncytium 558 Pharamphistomum microbothrium 532 veterinary importance 558 Chlorophos Ceylonocotyle scolioceolium 522 eurytremiasis 524 Chabertia 30 Choanotaenia albendazole 415,417,426,427 di-n-butyl tin dilaurate 581 bephenium 415 Choanotaenia infundibulum bromoxanide 415 birds 575, 598 clioxanide 415,417 di-n-butyl tin dilaurate 598 closantel 415 fowl 598 developing larvae 425 niclosamide 583, 598 disophenol 415 turkey 598 febantel 415,417 Choline kinase fenbendazole 415,417,423 Ascaris lumbricoides 161 fenclofos 415 piperazine 161 haloxon 415 Cholinesterase ivermectin 415,417 Ascaris suum 153 levamisole 415,417 dichlorvos 152, 153,202,494 mebendazole 415 apri 153 metyridine 415 metrifonate 152, 153,201 morantel 415,417,429 organic phosphorus compounds 409 naftalofos 415 153 nitroxynil 415,417 153 oxfendazole 415,417,425,426 Chrysanthenum cinerariaefolium 250 670 Subject Index

Chymotrypsin Haemonchus 415,428 Trichuris trichiura 347 Haemonchus contortus 138, 407 Ciclobendazole 284 liver 137 Ascaris lumbricoides 260 mode of action 137 assessment 213, 261, 354 Nematodirus 415 benzimidazole carbamates 135 Oesophagostomum 415 bile 135 Ostertagia 415 clinical use 261 pharmacokinetics 136 contraindications 261, 355 plasma 136 dosage 261,354 product names 419 feces 135 strongyloides 415 hookworms 213 suppliers 419 mode of administration 261,354 toxicology 136 pharmacokinetics 135 trade name 655 plasma 135 trichostrongylus 415,428 precautions 261,355 Clostridium novyii 568 side effects 213, 261, 354 Cockroaches toxicology 136 Hymenolepis diminuta 51 Trichuris trichiura 354 Coenurus 563 urine 135 cerebralis 567 Clearance rate 187 praziquantel 624 Clinostomum falsatum serialis 567 hosts 527 Coenurus cerebralis locality 527 Taenia multiceps 570 Clioxanide Coenurus serialis 564 amphostomiasis 533 Taenia seriaUs 570 bunostomum 415,417 Colostrum chabertia 415,417 Ancylostoma duodenale 85 cooperia 415,417 Combination of oxantel and pyrantel formulations 419 Ascaris lumbricoides 5 gaigeria 415,417 Enterobius vermicularis 5 haemonchus 415,417,427 hookworms 5 nematodirus 415,417 Trichuris trichiura 5 oesophagostomum 415,417 Concentration methods 247 ostertagia 415,417 Contracaecum osculatum 236 paramphistomes 523 Cooperia product names 419 albendazole 414-417,426,427 strongyloides 415, 417 arrested development 79 suppliers 419 bephenium 414,415 trade name 655 bromoxanide 415 trichostrongylus 415,417 cattle 98 Clofazole clioxanide 415,417 assessment 334 closantel 415 Trichinella spiralis 334 coumafos 414,418 developing larvae 425 praziquantel 164, 536 disophenol 415 Closantel 167 epidemiology 98 Ascaris suum 137 febantel 414-417,431 ATP synthesis 137 fenbendazole 414-417,423 ATPase 137 fenclofos 414,415 Bunostomum 415 haloxon 414,415 Chabertia 4, 15 inhibited larvae 431 Cooperia 415 ivermectin 414-417,432 Fasciola hepatica 137 levamisole 414-417 formulations 419 mebendazole 415 Gaigeria 415 metyridine 414,415 Subject Index 671

morantel 414,415,417,429 Nematodirus 414 naftalofos 414,415,420 Oesophagostomum 414,418 nitroxynil 414,415,417,420 Ostertagia 414 oxfendazole 41~17, 425, 426 Ostertagia ostertagi 418 oxibendazole 41~17, 424 product names 419 parbendazole 41~17, 421, 422 Strongyloides 414 phenothiazine 14,413,415 suppliers 419 pyrantel 414,415,417,428 trade name 655 rafoxanide 41~16 Trichostrongylus 414,418 thiophanate 41~17, 431 Trichuris 418 tiabendazole 414,415,421 Coyotes trichlorphon 414,415 Echinococcus granulosus 571 Cooperia curticei CR 189 free-living stages 93 definition 187 Cooperia oncophora 115,421 formulae 187 egg output 108 Craterostomum 443 epidemiology 100 Craterostomum acuticaudatum herbage 100 dichlorvos 450 host resistance 75 Creeping eruption 487 Cooperia pectinata 85 Crocothemis servilia 553 Cooperia spp. Crustacea thiophanate 412 intermediate host 559 Copper 613 Cryptocotyle lingua 527 Copper sulphate Crystal Violet cestodes 597 Enterobius vermicularis 283 Coproculture Ctenocephalides 50,51 hookworms 188 Ctenocephalides canis Strongyloides stercoralis 189 Diphilobothrium latum 50 Coprological examinations Hymenolepis diminuta 51 standardization 185 Cure rate 187, 189 Corbicula lindoensis 550 Echinostoma 42 chemotherapy 4 Tilapia mozambica 42 Cyathostominae Cotugnia cuneata 598 egg output 44 Cotugnia digonopora 574 epidemiology 444 birds 598 inhibited larvae 447 di-n-butyl tin di1aurate 598 562 fowl 598 Cyclops 295, 576, 577 niclosarnide 598 latum 48,561 turkey 598 294 Cotylophoron cotylophorum 522 Cysticercoids 574 bithionol 532 Cysticercosis 620 l,chloro-2,2,2-trichlorodifluorethane Cysticercosis cellulosae 532 clinical manifestations 59 Cotylurus cornutus 530 diagnosis 59 Coumafos Cysticercus 563 Ascaridia 507,511 bovis 567 Bunostomum 414 cellulosae 59, 567 Capillaria 507,511 Coenurus cerebralis 567 chickens 511 Coenurus serialis 567 Cooperia 414,418 jasciolaris 567 formulations 419 ovis 567 Haemonchus 414 pisiformis 567 Haemonchus placei 418 tenuicollis 567 Haloxon 418 Cysticercus bovis Heterakis 507,511 praziquantel 622 672 Subject Index

Cysticercus bovis Dipylidium caninum 566 Taenia saginata 55, 569 Echinococcus granulosus 566 Cysticercus cellulosae Echinostoma 543 autoinfections 58 Echinostoma ilocanum 549 epidemiology 58 Enterobius vermicularis 280 praziquantel 622, 624 Fasciola hepatica 543 58, 569 Fasciolopsis buski 543 Cysticercus fasciolaris Gastrodiscoides hominis 551 Taenia taeniaeformis 570 gastrointestinal nematodiases 407 Cysticercus ovis 564 heterophydiasis 547 Taenia ovis 568 192,328 Cysticercus tenuicollis Hypoderaeum conoideum 549 cattle 568 immunological techniques 247 goats 568 Joyeuxiella 566 pigs 568 lecithodendriidiasis 553 sheep 568 M esocestoides 566 Taenia hydatigena 568 Oesophagostomum 306 Cytochrome P-450 radiological examination 247 tiabendazole 168 Strongyloides stercoralis 311 taeniidae 566 d-tubocurarine 132 Dairy followers Ternidens deminutus 328 control strategies III Toxoascaris leonina 247 gastrointestinal nematodes 111 Toxocara canis 247 Davainea 247 birds 598 Trichinella spiralis 331 di-n-butyl tin dilaurate 598 Trichostrongylus spp. 328 fowl 598 Trichuris suis 467 nic10samide 598 Trichuris trichiura 345 turkey 598 Diaptomus 577 Davainea meleagridis Diphyllobothrium latum 48,561 turkeys 574 Dibothriocephalus latus 560 Davainea proglottina Dichlorophen 140,491,492,525,613 birds 598 Ascaris suum 138 chickens 574 ATP synthesis 138 di-n-butyl tin dilaurate 581 Dipylidium caninum 581 nic10samide 598 Echinococcus granulosus 581 pigeon 598 Fasciolopsis buski 543 praziquantel 590 hookworms 581 Davaineidae 573 Hymenolepis diminuta 138 Deer mitochondria 138 Echinococcus granulosus 571 mode of action 138 140 Moniezia 581 Dexamisole 145, 147 roundworms 581 Di-n-butyl tin dilaurate 125, 598 Taenia 581 chemistry 581 tapeworm infections 557 Choanotaenia 581 Thysanosoma 581 Davainea proglottina 581 toxicology 138 efficacy 581 trade name 655 Raillietina 581 Dichlorophenol 532 toxicity 582 Fasciolopsis buski 533 Diagnosis 4, 296 Liorchis scotiae 533 Angiostrongylus costaricencis 297 paramphistomes 533 Ascaris lumbricoides 247 Paramphistomum ichikawae 533 Ascaris suum 247 Dichlorvos 456,471,493 Capillaria philippinensis 301 antidote 351 Diplopylidium 566 arylesterases 153 Subject Index 673

ascarids 494, 498 ascarids 497 Ascaris lumbricoides 252 dosage regime 497 Ascaris suum 472 formulation 497 assessment 201,351 heartworm disease 492 cholinesterase 152, 153,202,494 hookworm 492 contraindications 202, 351 indications 497 Craterostomum acuticaudatum 450 supplier 497 494 tradename 497, 655 dosage 202, 446, 470, 498 Trichinella spiralis 334 Draschia megastoma 445, 450 Difluorotetrachloroethane 523, 531 formulation 446, 470, 498 Pharamphistomum microbothrium 532 Gasterophilus 450 Digenea simplex 250 Habronema spp. 445, 450 Enterobius vermicularis 282 hookworms 201,494,498 Dilepididae 574, 575 Hystrongylus rubidus 472 Dingoes indications 498 Echinococcus granulosus 571 mode of action 153 2,4-Dinitrophenol 127, 128, 139 mode of administration 202 Diorchitrema Oesophagodontus robustus 450 amplicalcale 545 Oesophagostomum 472 formossanum 545 Oxyuris 450 Diospyrol 196 Oxyuris equi L4 445 Diospyroquinone 196 Oxyuris equi L5 445 Diospyros mollis 196 paramphistomes 525 Diphetarsone Parascaris 450 Enterobius vermicularis 282 Parascaris equorum L4 445 Trichuris trichiura 138, 349, 350 Parascaris equorum L5 445 Diphetarsone-spiramycin 294 pharmacokinetics 152 47 Physaloptera 494 Diphyllobothriidae precautions 202, 351 copepod 560 Probstmayra vivipara 445 coracidium 560 side effects 202, 351 eggs 560 small strongyles L4 445 genital pore 560 small strongyles L5 445 plerocercoid larva 560 Strongyloides 450 scolex 560 Strongyloides ransomi 472 vitelline follicles 560 Strongyloides westeri 445 Diphyllobothrium Strongylus edentatus 445 axenomycins 595 Strongylus equinus 445 corda tum 47 Strongylus vulgaris 445 den triticum 47 supplier 446, 470, 498 niclosamide 624 toxicological safety 494 pacificum 47,614,622,624 trade name 446, 470, 498, 655 praziquante1 622, 624 Trichostrongylus axei 445, 450 ursi 47 Trichuris suis 472 Diphyllobothrium latum 613,614,622,624 Trichuris trichiura 350,351 anemia 49 Trichuris vulpis 494 biochemistry 560 Triodontophorus spp. 450 biology 560 whipworms 498 bunamidine 598 Dicranotaenia clinical manifestations 49 niclosamide 583 combination of oxantel and pyrantel 5 Dictyocaulus arnfieldi control 50 106 coracidium 48, 561 106 Cyclops 48,561 Dictyocaulus viviparus 91 diagnosis 49 Diethylcarbamazine 298,491 Diaptomus 48,561 674 Subject Index

Diphyllobothrium latum morphology 50 dog 598 niclosamide 155,583,615,624 eggs 48,49,561 nitroscanate 587, 588 epidemiology 48 oncospheres 50 final hosts 561 praziquantel 163,598,622 freshwater fish 48, 561 prevention 51 geographical distribution 47, 560 Pulex irritans 50 golden hamster 560 SQ 21,704 596 immunology 560 Trichodectes spp. 50 intermediate hosts 561 wild carnivores 50 isoelectric focussing 560 Diredosan life cycle 47 chemistry 596 malabsorption 49 Dipylidium caninum 596 morphology 47,560 efficacy 596 niclosamide 615 Mesocestoides corti 596 physiology 560 Taenia 596 plerocercoid stages 560 praziquantel 5, 588, 598 Trichuris vulpis 596 Dirofilaria immitis prevention 50 proglottids 47 ivermectin 500 protein profiles 560 Dirofilariasis scolex 561 dichlorvos 494 second intermediate hosts 561 Disophenol 167 transmission 2 Amidostomum 508 uterus 561 Amidostomum anseris 512 vitamin B12 49,561,615 Ancylostoma braziliense 139 Diplogonoporus grandis Ancylostoma caninum 139 praziquantel 164 Ascaris suum 139 Diplopylidium spp. A TP synthesis 139 bunamidine 598 ATPase 140 cats 598 Bunostomum 415 diagnosis 566 Chabertia 15 diuredosan 598 Cooperia 415 dog 598 dosage regime 497 praziquantel 598 Fasciola hepatica 140 Dipylidium caninum 564,614 formulation 419,497,509 arecoline acetarsol 580 Gaigeria 415 arecoline hydrobromide 577 geese 512 axenomycins 595 Haemonchus 415,420 bunamidine 585, 598 Haemonchus contortus 407 cats 50, 51, 575, 598 hookworm 492, 497 children 576 indications 497 clinical manifestations 51 liver 140 Ctenocephalides canis 50 mode of action 139 Ctenocephalides felis 50 Nematodirus 415 cysticercoid larvae 50 Oesophagostomum 415,420 diagnosis 51, 566 Ostertagia 415 dichlorophen 581 phosphorylase a 139 diuredosan 596, 598 product names 419 dog 598 safety index 140 dogs 50,51,575 strongyloides 415 domestic 575 supplier 419,497, 509 eggs 50 toxicology 139 epidemiology 50 tradename 497, 509 geographical distribution 50 trichostrongylus 415,420 intermediate host 50 Uncinaria stenocephala 139 life cycle 50 Dithiazanine 491 Subject Index 675

hookworm 492 anthelminthics 3 Physaloptera rara 492 Dragonflies 553 Strongyloides 492 Draschia Trichinella spiralis 334 cambendazole 452 whipworms 492 febantel 455 dithiazanine iodide 351 fenbendazole 454 ascarids 497 mebendazole 453 assessment 352 oxfendazole 454 Capillaria philippinensis 301 oxibendazole 454 contraindications 317, 353 pyrantel 451 dosage 316,352,497 tioxidazole 455 Fasciolopsis buski 543 Draschia megastoma 443, 445 formulation 497 Drug administration hookworms 497 coproculture 189 indications 497 design 189 mode of administration 316,352 Drug resistance precautions 317 benzimidazoles 447 side effects 316,352 cambendazole 412 Strongyloides stercoralis 315 equine strongyles 447 supplier 497 fenbendazole 412 threadworms 497 Haemonchus contortus 412 trade name 497,655 haloxon 447 Trichuris trichiura 351, 352 ivermectin 447 whipworms 497 mebendazole 412 Diuredosan 598 morantel 447 Dog 526,528 Oesophagostomum circumcincta 412 Diphyllobothrium latum 598 oxibendazole 447 Diplopylidium spp. 598 parbendazole 412 Dipylidium caninum 575, 598 phenothiazine 447 Echinococcus granulosus 571, 598 pyrantel 447 Echinococcus multilocularis 598 small strongyles 447 gastrointestinal nematodes 487, 488, strongyles 448 490,497 tiabendazole 412, 447 intestinal trematodes 527 Trichostrongylus colubriformis 412 Joyeuxiella 575 Trichostrongylus spp. 412 Joyeuxiella spp. 575, 598 Drug trials Mesocestoides 598 methodology 188 Spirometra 561,598 Ducks 530 Taenia 598 Taenia spp. 558 Earwigs Domestic animals Hymenolepis diminuta 51 Dipylidium caninum 575 Echinochasmus economic effects 71 tetramisole 535 gastrointestinal helminths 67, 71 Echinochasmus perfoliatus 528, 548 market return 71 hosts 527 production 71 locality 527 production cost 71 pigs 526 taeniidae 567 487 Domestic birds mebendazole 616 gastrointestinal nematodes 509 Echinococcus 2,613 nematodes 505 bunamidine hydrochloride 585 Domestic ruminants bunamidine hydroxynaphthoate 587 paramphistomes 522 cysts 594 Domesticated carnivores definitive host 565, 567 intestinal trematodes 527 dog 598 Dormant larvae eggs 565 676 Subject Index

Echinococcus Corbicula lindoensis 42 geographical distribution 567 diagnosis 549 granulosus 565,567,585,587,589,594, ducks 530 597,598,614,618,624 eggs 42 hydatid 567 epidemiology 42 hydatids 614 Fasciolopsis buski 543 intermediate host 567 galliformes 530 mebendazole 594,618,624 hosts 530 multilocularis 567,585,589,594,598, ilocanum 548, 549 618,624 life cycle 42 niclosamide 624 lindoense 548 nitroscanate 587 lindoensis 549 pathogenic 565 macrochis 548 praziquantel 589,598 malayanum 548 scolex 565 metis 548 type of larval stage 567 miracidia 42 vogeli 567,614 paraulum 530 Echinococcus granulosus 565, 597 pigeons 530 arecoline acetarsol 580 recurvatum 530, 548 arecoline hydro bromide 577 revolutum 548, 549 bunamidine hydrochloride 584 Echinostoma caproni coyotes 571 brotianide 533 deer 571 diagnosis 566 flubendazole 528, 535 dichlorophen 581 Heterophyes heterophyes 535 dingoes 571 Echinostoma cinetorchis diuredosan 596 bithionol 550 dog 571 Echinostoma hortense fenbendazole 592 geographical distribution 41 fospirate 597 hosts 527 herbivores 571 human infections 41 hydatid cyst 570 locality 527 laboratory host 571 metacercariae 41 man 571 Echinostoma ilocanum mebendazole 593,616 dogs 41 niclosamide 582, 583 geographical distribution 41 nitroscanate 588 human infections 41 oxfendazole 591 mebendazole 550 praziquantel 623 rats 41 SQ 21,704 596 Echinostoma lindoense wallabies 571 geographical distribution 41 Echinococcus granulosus equinus 570 human infections 41 Echinococcus granulosus granulosus 570 prevalences 42 Echinococcus multilocularis Echinostoma lindoensis 550 mebendazole 149 Echinostoma malayanum wild carnivores 571 geographical distribution 41 Echinococcus vogeli hosts 527 intermediate host 571 human infections 41 man 571 locality 527 Echinoparyphium paraulum man 527 pigeons 529 pigs 526 Echinoparyphium sp. Echinostoma melis hosts 527 human infections 41 locality 527 Echinostoma revolutum Echinostoma human infections 41 cercariae 42 pigs 526 cinetorchis 548 Echinostomatidiasis 548 Subject Index 677

praziquantel 554 pyrantel pamoate 4 Echinostomes transmission 2 bithionol 526 Enterobius vermicularis 189,277,633 niclosamide 526 adhesive tape technique of Graham 526 188 resorantel 526 albendazole 284 Echinostomiasis 41 benzoylmetacresol 282 bithionol 550 carbohydrate uptake 166 brotianide 528 carbomycin 282 carbon tetrachloride 528, 549 ciclobendazole 284 cultural aspects 550 clinical profile 279 Echinostoma caproni 528 combination of oxantel and pyrantel 5 ecological aspects 550 contraindications 287 filamon oil 550 control 25 flubendazole 528 crystal violet 283 hexylresorcinol 550 diagnosis 280 male fern extract 528,550 Digenea simplex 282 mebendazole 550 diphetarsone 282 niclosamide 528 dosage 287 oil of chenopodium 549, 550 eggs 24 pigs 525 epidemiology 24, 278 550 erythromycine 282 socioeconomic aspects 550 fenbendazole 284 tetrachloroethylene 549 flubendazole 284, 285 tetramisole 528 gentian violet 283 Echinostomids geographical distribution 23, 280 life cycle 549 host 278 morphology 549 immunology 280 pathology 549 levamisole 267 treatment 549 life cycle 23, 278 Economic effects mass treatment 287,292 domestic animals 71 mebendazole 225, 285, 287 gastrointestinal helminths 71 mode of administration 287 72 morphology 23 Ectopic migrations oil of chenopodium 281 Ascaris lumbricoides 246 organophosphorous compounds 283 Ascaris suum 246 Oxytetracycline 282 Education 647 paromomycin 282 Eichornia crassipes 544 pathology 279 Elaephora schneideri phenothiazine 251,283 American elk 106 piperazine 288 mule deer 106 precautions 287 whitetailed 106 prevalence 24, 281 Elephants prevention 25 Hawkesius hawksei 529 promethazine 283 paramphistomes 529 pyrantel pamoate 225, 270, 289, 290 Pfenderius papillatus 529 pyrvinium pamoate 166,291 Protofasciola robusta 529 side effects 287 Pseudodiscus collinsi 529 Spiramycin 282 rafoxanide 535 stilbazium iodide 251,283 Eliorcharis tuberosa 544 tiabendazole 292, 293 Elokomin fluke fever 528 urethane group 283 Entamoeba 639 EPG 185-188, 190, 192,469 Enterobiasis -23, 253, 277 definition 184 chemotherapy 4 Epidemiology 3, 278, 633 mebendazole 4 Ancylostoma duodenale 28 678 Subject Index

Epidemiology Erythromycine Angiostrongylus costaricensis 12 Enterobius vermicularis 282 Anisalds 13 Euparyphium melis 529 Ascaris lumbricoides 16, 40 hosts 527 Capillaria philippinensis 22 locality 527 chemotherapy 8 Euparyphium suinum Cooperia oncophora 100 pigs 526 cyathostominae 444 Euphausia pacifica 237 Cysticercosis cellulosae 58 Eurytrema definition 7 bithionol 533 Diphilobothrium latum 50 bithionol sulphoxide 533 Diphylobothrium latum 48 coelomaticum 524 disease in human populations 7,8 dajii 524 Echinostoma 42 pancreaticum 524 Enterobius vermicularis 24 Eurytrema coelomaticum environmental factors 8 nitroxynil 534 544 Eurytremiasis Fasciolopsis buski 43 bithionol sulphoxide 524 Gastrodiscoides hominis 44, 552 chemotherapy 524 gastrointestinal helminths 7,67 chlorophos 524 gastrointestinal nematode infections 98, 101, 106, 108 hexachlorethane 524 26 hexachloroparaxylene 524 Haemonchus contortus 104 nitroxynil 524 Heterophyes heterophyes 45 tiabendazole 524 hookworms 34 Evaluation of anthelminthics for mass Hymenolepis diminuta 52 application 641 Hymenolepis nona 53 immunological status 8 False 34 intensity of the infection 8 Fasciola mathematical models 8 eggs 42 Metagonimus yokogawai 46 morphology 42 Necator americanus 28 niclosamide 534 Nematodirus battus 104 pathogenicity 521 Ostertagia ostertagi 100, 104 541 ostertagias type II 99 Fasciola hepatica 541 parasitoses 634 ATP synthesis 137 prevalence 8 ATPase 137 8 bromoxianide 133 seasonal fluctuations 635 closantel 137 sheep 101 diagnosis 543 strongylidae 444 disophenol 140 Strongyloides stercoralis 34, 309 eggs 43 Taenia saginata 55, 58 fenbendazole 143 Taenia solium 58 fumarate reductase 148, 169 Trichinella spiralis 36, 330 hexachlorophene 140 Trichostrongylus 39 mitochondria 137 Trichuris trichiura 40, 344 mitochondrial phosphorylation 137, Equids 166 gastrointestinal nematodes 445 niclosamide 155 Equines oxyclozanide 140 intestinal trematodes 524 praziquantel 162, 164 Eradication 190 rafoxanide 140, 166 ERR serotonin 143 definition 187 tiabendazole 169 formulae 187 Fascioliasis standardization 190 532 Subject Index 679

substituted 532 543 Fasciolopiasis Trochocorbis trochoideus 43 pigs 525 Febantel Fasciolopsiasis 42, 541, 549 Ascaridia 507 cultural aspects 544 Ascaris 478,479 ecological aspects 544 Ascaris suum 472 epidemiology 544 Bunostomum 414-417,432 pig-raising practicies 544 Capillaria 507 praziquantel 545, 554 Chabertia 415,417 prevalences 43 Cooperia 414-417,431 socioeconomic aspects 544 dosage 446, 470 treatment 551 Draschia megastoma 445 Fasciolopsis buski formulation 419,470,509 reservoir 525 Gaigeria 415,417 anthephane 543 Globocephalus 479 ascaridol 543 Habronema 455 bephenium 525 Habronema spp. 445 bephenium hydrochloride 543 Haemonchus 414-417,431 betanaphthol 543 Heterakis 507 betel nut 543 l-bromo-naphthol 543 Heterakis gallinarum 516 carboJ?- tetrachloride 525, 543 Heterakis spumosa 141 cercanae 43,542 Hyostrongylus 478 diagnosis 543, 551 Hystrongylus rubidus 472 dichlorophen 525, 543 microtubules 141 dichlorophenol 533 mode of action 141 distribution 541 nematodirus 414-417,432 Oesophagostomum 414-417 431 432 dithiazanine 543 472,478 ' , , eggs 42,43,542,551 epidemiology 43 Ostertagia 414-417,431 geographical distribution 42 Oxyuris 455 Oxyuris equi L4 445 hemisphaerula 43 hexylresorcenol 543 Oxyuris equi L5 445 hexylresorcinol 525 Parascaris 455 Hippeutis can tori 43 Parascaris equorum L4 445 iodothymol 543 Parascaris equorum L5 445 life cycle 43, 542 pharmacokinetics 140 life span 43 pheasants 516 metacercaria 542 Probstmayra vivipara 445 543 product names 419 miracidium 43, 542 resistance 432 morphology 43, 542 small strongyles L4 445 nic10samide 525, 534 543 small strongyles L5 445 oil of chenopodium 543 strongyloides 414-417,432,455,478 oil of terebinthinae 543 Strongyloides ransomi 472 pathology 542 Strongyloides westeri 445 pig-raising practices 544 Strongylus edentatus 445 pigs 43 Strongylus equinus 445 piperazine 525, 543 Strongylus vulgaris 445 Polypylis 43 suppliers 419, 446, 470 praziquantel 536, 543 toxicology 141 prevalence 544 trade name 446,470 509 655 rediae 542 trichostrongylus 414-4d, 431, 455 reservoir hosts 43 Trichostrongylus axei 445 sporocyst 542 Trichuris 478,479 tetrachloroethylene 525,531,543 Trichuris suis 472 680 Subject Index

Febantel + trichlorfon lungworms 408 dosage 446 lynx 499 formulation(s) 446 mebendazole 477 supplier(s) 446 metabolism 142 trade name(s) 446,655 metabolism of amino acids 143 Fenbendazole 140,410, 506, 591, 598 metabolites 156, 168 abomasal concentrations 157 microtubules 143 absorption 168 mode of action 143 absorption of 143 mode of administration 262 Amidostommum anseris 514 Necator americanus 213 Amidostomum 508 Nematodirus 414-418,423,424 Ascaridia 507, 509, 514 Nippostrongylus brasiliensis 141 Ascaridia columbae 514 Oesophagostomum 414-417,423,472, Ascaridia galli 514 477 ascarids 498 Ostertagia 414-417,423,424 Ascaris 477 Ostertagia ostertagi 142,412,418, 592 Ascaris lumbricoides 261 oxfendazole 142 Ascaris suum 143,472 Oxyuris 453 assessment 213,262 Oxyuris equi L4 445 brain 143 Oxyuris equi L5 445 Bunostomum 414-417,423 panther 499 Capillaria 507,509, 514 paramphistomes 523, 535 Chabertia 415,417,423 Parascaris 453 cheetah 499 Parascaris equorum L4 445 chickens 514 Parascaris equorum L5 445 contraindications 284 Cooperia 414-417,423 pharmacokinetics 141 dosage 262, 446 pheasants 514 dosage regime 470, 498 pigeons 514 Draschia 454 plasma 141 Draschia megastoma 445 plasma level 156 drug resistance 412 precautions 284 efficacy 592 Probstmayra vivipara 445 embryotoxic effect 408 Probstmayria 453 excretion 168 product names 419 Fasciola hepatica 143 protein 141 feces 141 pulmonary lesions 408 formulation 419,446,470,498,509 puma 499 fox 499 resistance 424 Gaigeria 415, 417 semen quality of bulls 423 gastrointestinal absorption 142 serotonin 143 geese 514 serum levels 142 Habronema spp. 445, 454 side effects 262, 284 Haemonchus 414-418,423,424 small strongyles L4 445 Haemonchus contortus 141 small strongyles L5 445 Heterakis 507,514 Strongyloides 414-417,423,454,477 hookworms 213,498 Strongyloides ransomi 472 Hymenolepis diminuta 143 Strongyloides stercoralis 320, 321 Hyostrongylus 477 Strongyloides westeri 445 Hystrongylus rubidus 472 Strongylus edentatus 445 indications 498 Strongylus equinus 445 inhibited larvae 412 Strongylus vulgaris 445 iron 141 supplier 419,446,470,498, 509 jaguar 499 Taenia spp. 213 leopard 499 tiger 499 lion 499 toxicity 592 Liorchis scotiae 535 toxicology 143 Subject Index 681

Toxocara 499 Echinostoma caproni 528, 535 trade name 446, 470, 498, 509, 655 echinostomiasis 528 Trichinella spiralis 334 effect on fertility 617 Trichostrongylus 414-418,423,424 embryo toxicity 617 Trichostrongylus axei 445,454 Enterobius vermicularis 285 Trichostrongylus colubriformis 141 formulation 470 Trichuris 423, 477 Globocephalus 478 Trichuris suis 472 hookworms 214 tubulin 143 Hyostrongylus 478 urine 141 Hystrongylus rubidus 472 whipworms 498 individual therapy 216,264 wildcat 499 mass treatment 216,264,640 Fenclofos 19 modeofaction 145,151 Bunostomum 414,415 mode of administration 215, 264, 285, Chabertia 415 321,356 Cooperia 414,415 Necator americanus 214 Gaigeria 415 Oesophagostomum 472, 478 Haemonchus 414,415,418 pharmacokinetics 144 Nematodirus 414,415 plasma half-life 617 Oesophagostomum 414,415 plasma levels 144 Ostertagia 414,415 precautions 216,264,285, 321, 357 Strongyloides 414,415 side effects 215,264,285,321,356 trade name 656 Strongyloides 478 Trichostrongylus 414,415 Strongyloides ransomi 472 Ficin 491 Strongyloides stercoralis 321 Filamon oil supplier 470 Echinostoma ilocanum 550 toxicology 144 550 trade name 470, 656 Trichinella spiralis 334, 335 amoscanate 127,205 Trichostrongylus 340 Fimbriaria fasciolaris 576 Trichuris 215,478 birds 598 Trichuris suis 472 di-n-butyl tin dilaurate 598 Trichuris trichiura 355 fowl 598 Flubendazole and levamisole niclosamide 598 turkey 598 Ascaris lumbricoides 276 hookworms 234 Fischoederius elongatus 1,chloro- 2,2,2-trichlorodifluorethane side effects 234 532 Flubendazole and tinidazole Fish Ascaris lumbricoides 276 intermediate host 559 Folates Fish tapeworm 560 Diphylobothrium tatum 49 Fishoederius elongatus 522 Folic-acid deficiency 3 Flubendazole 4, 284, 294 Fospirate Ancylostoma duodenale 214 chemistry 597 Angiostrongylus malaysiensis 299 Echinococcus granulosus 597 Ascaris 215,478 efficacy 597 Ascaris lumbricoides 262 Taenia hydatigena 597 Ascaris suum 472 trade name 656 assessment 214,262,285, 301, 321, Fourth-stage larvae 241 335, 355 Fowl 598 Capillaria philippinensis 301 Fox contraindications 216,264,285,321, fenbendazole 499 357 Freon 112 531 dosage 215,264,285,321,356,470 Freon BU 532 Echinococcosis 616 Fringed tapeworm 573 682 Subject Index

Frogs Gastrodiscoides hominis Spirometra theileri 562 carbon tetrachloride 551 Fumarate reductase 135, 148, 169,586 cercariae 551 Ascaris suum 148 diagnosis 551 bunamidine 586 eggs 44,551 cambendazole 135 epidemiology 44, 552 Fasciola hepatica 148, 169 geographical distribution 44 Haemonchus contortus 140, 154, 169 Helicorbis coenosus 44 Hymenolepis diminuta 169 hexylresorcinol 551 Moniezia expansa 135 life cycle 44, 551 morantel 154 man 525,551 Nippostrongylus brasiliensis 169 miracidium 551 oxfendazole 157 morphology 44,551 tiabendazole 169 pathology 551 tiabendazole-susceptible 140 tetrachloroethylene 551 tolerant strains 140 thymol 551 Fungi 170 treatment 551 Gastrodiscus aegypticus 525 Gaigeria bithionol 532 albendazole 415,417,427 morphology 524 bephenium 415 bromoxanide 415 oxyclozanide 534 clioxanide 415,417 resorantel 535 closantel 415 Gastrodiscus hominis 525 disophenol 415 Gastrointestinal helminths febantel 415,417 economic effects 71 fenbendazole 415,417 epidemiology 7,67 fenclofos 415 herbage infestations 95 haloxon 415 retardation of growth 71 ivermectin 415,417 Gastrointestinal nematode infections levamisole 415,417 birds 505 mebendazole 415 carnivores 487 metyridine 415 cattle 98, 107 morantel 415,417,429 control strategies 107, 109 naftalofos 415 diagnosis 407 nitroxynil 415,417 egg output 102 oxfendazole 415,417,425 epidemiology 98, 101, 108 oxibendazole 415,417 equines 443 parbendazole 415,417 eradication 107 phenothiazine 415 herbage 102 pyrantel 415,417,428 pasture 110 rafoxanide 415 pigs 463 thiophanate 415,417 ruminants 407 tiabendazole 415 sheep 101, 107 trichlorophon 415 suppressive dosing 107 Gaigeria pachyscelis Gastrointestinal nematodes 91, 115 mebendazole 220 adopted children 183 tiabendazole 421 cats 487,488,497 Galactosomum 527 cattle 116,414 Galliformes 530 chickens 507 Ganglionic synapses control strategies Ill, 114 pyrantel 165 dairy followers III Gasterophilus developing larvae 416,417 dichlorvos 450, 456 displaced persons 183 ivermectin 456 dogs 487,488,497 trichlorfon 449, 456 domestic birds 509 Gastrodisciasis 551, 552 epidemiology 106 Subject Index 683

equids 445 Taenia taeniaeformis 567 goats 415,417 Ternidens deminutus 329 herbage infestations 96 Trichinella spiralis 332 immigrants 183 Trichostrongylus 339 inhibited larvae 418 Trichuris trichiura 346 man 183 pheasants 507 prevalence 632 pigeons 509 tinidazole and flubendazole 234 pigs 464, 470, 472 Gigantocotyle explanatum 522 prevention 490 Globocephalus protection 73 febantel 479 self-cure 73 flubendazole 478 sheep 114, 116,415,417 Globocephalus urosubulatus 464 the free-living stages 90 tetramiso1e 475 turkeys 508 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase worldwide travel 183 levamisole 219 Gastrothylax crumenifer 522 Gnathostoma bithionol 532 Cyclops 294 1,chloro-2,2,2-trichlorodifluorethane eggs 295 532 host 295 Geese L1 larvae 295 Amidostonum anseris 506 L21arvae 295 disophenol 512 L3 larvae 294, 295 fenbendazole 514 levamisole 296 gastrointestinal nematodes 508 mebendazole 296 levamisole 516 tiabendazole 296 mebendazole 513 464, 467 metyridine 511 Gnathostoma spinigerum 488 pyrantel 515 eggs 26 trichlorphon 512 epidemiology 26 Gentian violet geographical distribution 25 dosage 314 life cycle 26 Enterobius vermicularis 283 morphology 26 mode of administration 314 294 side effects 315 Goats 421-425,427-432 Strongyloides stercoralis 314 gastrointestinal nematodes 415, 417 Geographical distribution 296,301 Golden hamster Ancylostoma duodenale 193 Diphyllobothrium latum 560 Angiostrongylus costaricensis 298 pulchrum 464, 467 Anisakis 239 Gravlaks 237 Ascaris lumbricoides 247 Green herring 237 Diphyllobothrium latum 560 Gyraules 544 Echinococcus granulosus 567 Gyraulus convexiusculus 550 Echinococcus multilocularis 567 Gyraulus prashadi 550 Echinococcus vogeli 567 Enterobius vermicularis 280 Habronema spp. 443, 449 Multiceps multiceps 567 albendazole 445 Necator americanus 193 cambendazole 445 Oesophagostomum 306 dichlorvos 445, 450 paramphistomes 522 febantel 445, 455 Spirometra mansonoides 561 fenbendazole 445, 454 Strongyloides stercoralis 312 haloxon 445 Taenia hydatigena 567 ivermectin 445, 456 Taenia ovis 567 levamisole 445,451 Taenia pisiformis 567 mebendazole 445, 453 Taenia saginata 567 oxfendazole 445, 454 684 Subject Index

Habronema spp. host resistance 74, 75 oxibendazole 445, 454 larvae 94, 103 parbendazole 445, 453 morantel 154 phenothiazine 445 morphological changes 78 piperazine 445 oxfendazole 156 pyrantel 445,451 phenothiazine 105 tiabendazole 445 protection 73 tioxidazole 445, 455 resistance 73-75,411 trichlorfon 445 salicylanilides 532 Haemonchus self-cure 73, 74 albendazole 414-417,426 substituted phenols 532 benzimidazole-resistant strains 426 tiabendazole 168, 169 bephenium 414, 415 worm burden 74 bromoxanide 415 Haemonchus placei c1ioxanide 415,417,427 coumafos 418 c10santel 415 Halogenated hydrocarbons 530 coumafos 414 Haloxon 450 developing larvae 425,427,431 Ascaridia 507, 509 disophenol 415,420 febantel 414-417,431,432 Ascaris suum 472,473 fenbendazole 414-418,423,424 benzimidazole-resistant strongyles 447 fenc1ofos 414,415,418 Bunostomum 414,415 haloxon 414,415,418 Capillaria 507,509,511 inhibited larvae 424, 430 Capillaria obsignata 511 ivermectin 414-417, 432, 433 Chabertia 15 levamisole 414-417,430 chickens 511 levamisole pour-on formulation 409 Cooperia 414,415,418 mebendazole 415 dosage 446, 470 metyridine 414,415 Draschia megastoma 445 morantel 414,415,417,429 formulations 419,446,470, 509 naftalofos 414,415,420 Gaigeria 415 nitroxynil 414,415,417,420 Habronema spp. 445 oxfendazole 414-418,425,426 Haemonchus 414,415,418 oxibendazole 414-417,424 Heterakis 507 parbendazole 414-417,422 Hystrongylus rubidus 472, 473 phenothiazine 14,413,415 Nematodirus 414,415 pyrantel 414,415,417,428 Oesophagostomum 414,415,472,473 rafoxanide 414-416,427 Ostertagia 414,415 thiophanate 414-417,431 Oxyuris equi L4 445 tiabendazole 414,415,421 Oxyuris equi L5 445 tiabendazole-resistant strains 432 Parascaris equorum L4 445 trichlorphon 414,415,420 Parascaris equorum L5 445 Haemonchus contortus 89, 115, 193,339 pigeons 511 anthelmintics 103, 105 Probstmayra vivipara 445 arrested larval development 82, 83 product names 419 benzimidazole-resistant 141,410,412 small strongyles L4 445 bromoxianide 133 small strongyles L5 445 cambendazole 170 strongyloides 414,415 c10santel 138, 407 Strongyloides ransomi 472 development 92 Strongyloides westeri 445 disophenol 407 Strongylus edentatus 445 eggs 73,105 Strongylus equinus 445 epidemiology 104 Strongylus vulgaris 445 fenbendazole 141 suppliers 419,446,470, 509 free-living stages 93 trade name 446,470,509,656 fumarate reductase 140 Trichostrongylus 414,415 glucose catabolism 170 Trichostrongylus axei 445 Subject Index 685

Trichuris suis 472,473 haloxon 507 Haplorchis ivermectin 507 microrchis 545 levamisole 507,508,516 pumilio 548 mebendazole 507 taichui 545, 548 metyridine 507, 508 taihokui 545 parbendazole 508 vanissimus 545 phenothiazine 507 yokogawai 545,548 piperazine 507, 508 Haplorchis pumilio pyrantel 507 hosts 527 tiabendazole 507 locality 527 Heterakis gallinarum 505 Haplorchis taichui 554 cambendazole 513 Haplorchis yokogawai 554 febantel 516 Harada-Mori 188 ivermectin 517 Hasstilesia levamisole 515,516 ochotona 524 mebendazole 513 ovis 524 parbendazole 512 Hasstilesiasis 524 phenothiazine 510 Hawkesius hawksei 529 pyrantel 515 Health education 23, 638 Heterakis isolonche ascariasis 21 pheasants 505 hookworms 32 Heterakis spumosa 34 febantel 141 Heartworm 500 microtubules 141 Heartworm disease 492 Heterophydiasis Hedgehogs 529 cultural aspects 547 Helicorbis coenosus diagnosis 547 Gastrodiscoides hominis 44 ecological aspects 547 Helictometra 573 socioeconomic aspects 547 ruminants 572 treatment 547 Helictometra giardi Heterophyes albendazole 598 heterophyes 527 bunamidine hydroxynaphthoate 598 hosts 527 cambendazole 598 locality 527 cattle 598 man 527 fenbendazole 598 pleomorphis 527 niclosamide 583, 598 Heterophyes hatsuradai 545 oxfendazole 598 Heterophyes heterophyes 528 praziquantel 598 Acanthogobius 45 sheep 598 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 547 Hemoglobulin bithionol 547 Ancylostoma duodenale 31 carbon tetrachloride 547 Hepatic trematodes cercariae 45 pathogenicity 521 Cerithidea cingulata microptera 45 Herbivores control 45 Echinococcus granulosus 571 eggs 45 Herd deworming epidemiology 45 anthelmintics 469 flubendazole 535 coprological examinations 469 geographical distribution 44 Heterakis 505 hexylresorcinol 547 adults 507, 508 life cycle 44, 46 cambendazole 507 metacercariae 45 coumafos 507, 511 morphology 44, 46, 545, 546 developing larvae 507, 508 MugU cephalus 45 febantel 507 MugU japonicus 45 fenbendazole 507,514 niclofolan 547 686 Subject Index

Heterophyes heterophyes Hippeutis 542, 544 niclosamide 547 Hippeutis cantori oil of chenopodium 547 Fasciolopsis buski 43 oleoresin of aspidium 547 Histamine pathology 546 Ascaris suum 132 Pirenella conica 45 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 132 praziquantel 536, 547, 554 Histomonas meleagrides 505 prevention 45 Homologaster paloniae 522 reservoir hosts 45 Hookworm disease 191 tetrachloroethylene 547 clinical profile 192 Tilapa nilotica 45 daily blood loss 192 Heterophyids diagnosis 192 cercariae 546 Hookworms 26,83,216,272,489,495, eggs 546 646 life cycle 546 albendazole 202, 203 metacercariae 546 amoscanate 205 miracidia 546 anemia 3 morphology 546 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 207 pathology 546 bitoscanate 209, 212 Heterophyopsis expectans Briscoe's model 10 hosts 527 bromo-p-naphthol 197, 198 locality 527 carbon tetrachloride 631 Hexachlorethane 530 cashew nut 196 eurytremiasis 524 chenopodium oil 197 paramphistomes 523, 531 Hexachlorethane and bentonite ciclobendazole 213 paramphistomes 523 colostrum 85 Hexachloroparaxylene combination of oxante1 and pyrantel 5 eurytremiasis 524 congenital infections 29 paramphistomes 523 coproculture 188 Hexachloroparaxylol diagnosis 4, 328 Nanophyetes slamincolla 528 dichlorvos 201, 494, 498 nanophyetiasis 528 diospyrol 196 paramphistomes 531 diospyroquinone 196 Hexachlorophene 530, 532 Diospyros mollis 196 Fasciola hepatica 140 disophenol 492, 497 paramphistomes 525,531 dithiazanine 492 safety index 140 dithiazanine iodide 497 toxicity 531 eggs 27,312 trade name 656 environmental sanitation 32 epidemiology 34 pyrantel 165 fenbendazole 213, 498 Hexylresorcinol 491 flubendazole 214 Echinostoma ilocanum 550 flubendazole and levamisole 234 echinostomiasis 550 folic-acid deficiency 3 fasciolopiasis 525 health education 32 Fasciolopsis buski 525, 543 hexylresorcinol 198 Gastrodiscoides hominis 551 iron 3 Heterophyes heterophyes 547 ivermectin 197 hookworms 198 levamisole 217,498 intestinal capillariasis 550 mass treatment 32,209,212,220,224, lecithodendriidiasis 553 228,230 Metagonimus yokogawai 547 mathematical model 10 Necator american us 198 mebendazole 220, 223, 224, 498, 499 Trichinella spiralis 333 mebendazole and pyrantel 235 Trichostrongylus 339 methylbenzene 492 Himasthla muehlensi 548 methyl + dichlorophene 497 Subject Index 687

metrifonate 200,201 Hygromycin B nitrodan 497 Ascaris 471 nitroscanate 498, 587 Ascaris lumbricoides 251 oxantel and pyrantel 230 52 piperazine and tiabendazole 235 Hymenolepididae 576 prevalences 27, 184, 194 Hymenolepis 576 pyrantel pamoate 225, 228, 498 axenomycins 595 pyrantel + oxantel 498 birds 576, 598 SQ 21,704 597 bunamidine hydrochloride 586 symptoms 184 cantaniana 576 tetrachloroethylene 197-199,531 carioca 576 thenium closylate + piperazine 497 cysticercoids 614 thymol 202 di-n-butyl tin dilaurate 598 tiabendazole 230 diminata 615 tiabendazole and pyrvinium pamoate diminuta 576,586,595,614,624 233 fowl 598 ticarbodine 500 lanceolata 576 tioxidazole 500 mammals 576 transmission 29,32 nana 576,586,595,614,615,624 Horses niclosamide 583,598,614,615,624 Anoplocephala 598 paromomycin 595 Anoplocephala magna 572 praziquantel 624 Anoplocephala perfoliata 572 turkey 598 Moniezia benedeni 572 Hymenolepis diminuta Moniezia pallida 572, 598 ATP synthesis 138 Paranoplocephala mamillana 572, 598 clinical manifestations 52 Host cockroaches 51 innate resistance 634 control 52 Host antigens 10 Ctenocephalides canis 51 Host resistance 73 diagnosis 52 Cooperia oncophora 75 dichlorophen 138 gastrointestinal nematodes 77 earwigs 51 Haemanchus contortus 75 epidemiology 52 Heamonchus contortus 74 Fasciola hepatica 143 lactation 88, 90 fenbendazole 143,592 Nematodirus helvetianus 75 fumarate reductase 169 Nippostrongylus brasiliensis 74, 76 geographical distribution 51 Ostertagia ostertagi 75, 76 human infections 51 parturition 88, 90 insect intermediate host 51 90 life cycle 51 Trichostrongylus colubriformis 75 mice 51 Trichostrongylus retortaeformis 74 mitochondria 138,155 Host-parasite relationship monoamine oxidases 159 Nematodirus spp. 86 morphology 51 Host/parasite systems moths 51 immune response 72 niclosamide 154, 155 resistance 72 N osophyllus fasciatus 51 Hydatic cysts of Echinococcus oncosphere 51 multilocularis ~arbendazole 159 praziquantel 623 2-Pi-ATP exchange 155 Hydatid cyst 563 praziquantel 162 Echinococcus granulosus 570 prevention 52 Hydatid disease 571,618,620 Pulex irritans 51 Hydrobiidae 546 rats 51, 559 5-Hydroxy tiabendazole 167 Tenebrio molitor 51 5-Hydroxytiabendazole 168 tiabendazole 169 688 Subject Index

Hymenolepis diminuta Indoplanorbis exustus 550 Tribolium spp. 51 Intestinal angiostrongyliasis 296 Xenopsylla cheopis 51 Intestinal capillariasis Hymenolepis nana 613,617 mebendazole 299, 550 albendazole 202 Intestinal flukes clinical manifestations 54 praziquantel 536 control 54 Intestinal helminthiases diagnosis 54 immunological status 8 eggs 53,54 intensity of the infection 8 epidemiology 53 pathogenicity 633 geographical distribution 52 prevalence 8 immunosuppression 54 Intestinal trematodes life cycle 52 birds 521, 529 mebendazole 225,618 carbon tetrachloride 529 morphology 51,52 cats 527 oncosphere 53 dogs 527 praziquantel 5, 589, 620, 622 domesticated carnivores 527 prevalence 52 equines 524 prevention 54 proglottids 53 mammals 521 SQ 21,704 596 man 541 Hyostrongylus niclosamide 529 cambendazole 476 nitroxynil 534 febantel 478 pathogenicity 521 fenbendazole 477 ruminants 521 flubendazole 478 salicylanilides 532 incidence 464 substituted phenols 532 larvae 469 Iodothymol mebendazole 477 Fasciolopsis bush 543 morantel 474 Ipomea aquatica 544 oxantel 474 Ipomea reptans 544 oxfendazole 477 Iron 3 parbendazole 476 Ancylostoma duodenale 31 pyrantel 474 anemia 30 thiophanate 479 Iron deficiency 191 tiabendazole 475 Isoparorchis hypselobagri 554 trichlorfon 471 Istmiophora melis Hyostrongylus rubidus 464 praziquantel 536 adult worms 466 Ivermectin 456 postparturient rise 89 y-amino butyric acid 131 prepatent period 469 Ancylostoma caninum 500 treatment frequency 469 Angiostrongylus cantonensis 130 Hypoalbuminemia 3 Ascaridia 507 Hypobiosis 634 Ascaridia galli 517 Ancylostoma duodenale 191 Ascaris 479 arrested larval development 84 benzimidazole-resistant strongyles 447 human helminthiasis 634 Bunostomum 414-417 Necator americanus 191 Caenorhabditis elegans 130, 131 nematodes 84 Capillaria 507 Hypodarium conoideum Capillaria obsignata 517 galliformes 530 Chabertia 15,417 hosts 530 chickens 517 pigeons 530 Cooperia 414-417,432 Hypoderaeum conideum 548,549 Dirofilaria immitis 500 Hystrongylus rubidus 472,473 dosage 197,446,470 Draschia megastoma 445 Imidazothiazoles 429,451,470,474,495, formulations 419,446,470, 509 515 Subject Index 689

Gaigeria 415,417 intestinal capillariasis 550 Habronema spp. 445 Metagonimus yokogawai 547 Haemonchus 414-417,432,433 tapeworm infections 557 Heterakis 507 Kato cellophane thick smear 193,247 Heterakis gallinarum 517 Kousso hookworms 197 tapeworm infections 557 Hyostrongylus 479 Marshallagia marshalli 432 Lactate production mode of action 130, 131 cambendazole 135 mode of administration 197 Larva currens 183 Nematodirus 414-417,432 Larva migrans Oesophagostomum 414-417,432,479 tiabendazole 274 Ostertagia 414-417,432,433 Lead 613 Ostertagia ostertagi 418 Lead arsenate Oxyuris 455 cestodes 597 Oxyuris equi L4 445 tapeworm infections 557 Oxyuris equi L5 445 Leche de higueron 347,491 Parascaris 455 Lecithodendriidiasis 552 Parascaris equorum L4 445 cultural aspects 553 Parascaris equorum L5 445 diagnosis 553 Probstmayra vivipara 445 ecological aspects 553 product names 419 hexylresorcinol 553 side effects 197 pathology 553 small strongyles L4 445 socioeconomic aspects 553 small strongyles L5 445 treatment 553 strongyloides 414-417, 455 Leopard Strongyloides westeri 445 fenbendazole 499 Strongyloids 479 levamisole 496 Strongylus edentatus 445 Leuciscus hakuensis Strongylus equinus 445 Metagonimus yokogawai 46 Strongylus vulgaris 445 Levamisole 306 supplier 419,446,470,509 acetylcholinesterase 146 trade name 446, 470, 509, 656 alkaline phosphatases 147 Trichostrongylus 414-417,433,455 Amidostomum 508 Trichostrongylus axei 445 Amidostomum anseris 516 Trichuris 479 Ancylostoma caninum 495 Ancylostoma duodenale 216, 217, 220 Jaguar Angiostrongylus cantonensis 299 fenbendazole 499 ascariasis 4, 19 Johnsonitrema magnum 522 Ascaridia 507-509 Joyeuxiella pasqualei Ascaridia dissimilis 516 praziquantel 588 Ascaridia galli 515 Joyeuxiella spp. Ascaris 474 bunamidine 598 Ascaris lumbricoides 19,264 cats 575, 598 Ascaris suum 148, 472 diagnosis 566 Ascaris-muscle 165 Dipylidium caninum 575 assessment 217,265,302,357 diuredosan 598 atropine sulfate 409 dog 598 benzimidazole-resistant H. contortus dogs 575 strain 430 praziquantel 598 Bunostomum 414-417 Caenorhabditis elegans 131 Kainic acid 250, 282 Capillaira obsignata 516 Kamala Capillaria 507-509,516 Echinostoma ilocanum 550 Capillaria obsignata 515 Heterophyes heterophyes 547 Capillaria philippinensis 301 690 Subject Index

Levamisole pharmacokinetics 146 cat 495 pharmacology 146 cautions 323 pigeons 516 Chabertia 415,417 plasma levels 146 contraindications 219,266,302,323, precautions 219,266,302,358 358 Probstmayra vivipara 445 Cooperia 41~17, 429 Probstmayria 451 cost 641 product names 419 dogs 495 puma 496 dosage 218,266,302,322,358,446, side effects 218,266,302,322,358,641 470,498 small strongyles 14 445 Draschia megastoma 445 small strongyles L5 445 efficacy 641 strongyloides 4l~17, 451 Enterobius vermicularis 267 Strongyloides ransomi 472,474 formulations 409,419,446,470,498, Strongyloides stercoralis 322, 323 509 Strongyloides westeri 445 Gaigeria 415,417 Strongylus edentatus 445 ganglion-stimulating effects 146 Strongylus equinus 445 geese 516 Strongylus vulgaris 445 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 219 suppliers 419,446,470,498,509 tapeworm 495 Gnathostoma 296 Habronema spp. 445 tiger 496 toxicology 147,408,409,452 Haemonchus 41~17, 429 Heterakis 507,508,516 trade name 446,470,498,509,656 Heterakis gallinarum 515,516 Trichinella spiralis 334, 335 hookworms 217,220,495,498 Trichostrongylus 340, 4l~17, 429, Hystrongylus rubidus 472 433,451 immunodeficiency diseases 4 Trichostrongylus axei 445 indications 498 Trichuris 475 individual treatment 219,266- Trichuris suis 472 length of treatment 641 Trichuris trichiura 267,357 leopard 496 whipworm 495 levamisole-resistant O. circumcincta Levamisole and mebendazole 430 Ascaris lumbricoides 276 lion 496 Levamisole pour-on formulation mass treatment 220,267,640,641 Haemonchus 409 metabolism 146 Trichostrongylus 409 mode of action 131, 148, 165 Levinseniella pellucida 530 mode of administration 218, 266, 322, Liomys adspersus 297 358 Lion Necator americanus 216,217 fenbendazole 499 Nematodirus 41~17, 429 levamisole 496 Oesophagostomum 41~17, 429, 472, Liorchis scotiae 522 475 bithionol 532 Ostertagia 41~17 dichlorophenol 533 Ostertagia ostertagi 418 fenbendazole 535 Oxyuris 451 Liver Oxyuris equi 14 445 ATP synthesis 137 Oxyuris equi L5 445 ATPase 140 panther 496 c10santel 137 paralysis 148 disophenol 139, 140 paramphistomes 523, 535 mitochondria 137, 139, 155 Parascaris 451 nic10samide 155 Parascaris equorum L4 445 "Loeffler" eosinophilic lung infiltrate 191 Parascaris equorum L5 445 Lungworms periodic deworming 631 Clun Forest sheep 106 Subject Index 691

Wiltshire Hom breed 106 precautions 260 Lymnea rubiginosa 550 preliminary survey 639 Lynx preplanning stage 640 fenbendazole 499 pyrante1 640,641 pyrantel pamoate 228, 272, 290 Macacafascicularis 553 questionnaire 647 Male fern sanitation 646 tapeworm infections 557 sociocultural background 647 Male fern extract stool examination 650 Echinostoma ilocanum 528, 550 Strongyloides stercoralis 276 intestinal capillariasis 550 tetrachloroethylene 640, 641 Man thymol 640 aberrant intermediate host 614 tiabendazole 640,641 Alaria alata 527 Mass treatment campaign cestode infections 614 community participation 637 definitive host 614 definition 635 Echinococcus granulosus 571 health education 638 Echinococcus vogeli 571 informed consent 638 Gastrodiscoides hominis 525, 551 man power recruitment 637 Heterophyes 527 organization 636 intestinal trematodiasis 541 training 636 Metagonimus yokogawai 527 Mathematical model Spirometra theiferi 562 Bradley's model 10 tapeworm infections 5613 Briscoe's model 10 Marshallagia marshalli Haiston's models 9 ivermectin 432 MacDonald's model 9 Mass treatment Mebendazole 127, 304,476,496, 506, albendazole 258,640,641 598,613 Ancylostoma duodenale 220, 224, 631 absorption of nutrients 151 Ascaris lumbricoides 19,21,220, 256, adult cestode infections 617 258,260,261,264,267,270,276 adult tapeworms 594 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 260, agranulocytosis 616 640,641 alkaline phosphatase 616 bitoscanate 212 alopecia 616 choice of and treatment Amidostomum 508 schedules 640 Amidostomum anseris 513 clinical examination 651 anaphylactic reactions 616 community-wide treatment for Ancylostoma duodenale 220,221,224 helminthiasis 640 Angiostrongylus malaysiensis 299 contraindications 260 Anoplocephala perfoliata 594 costs 21 ascariasis 4 decision-making process 646 Ascaridia 507, 513 education 647 Ascaridia galli 513 Enterobius vermicularis 290, 292 ascarids 498 evaluation of anthelminthics 641 Ascaris 225,477 execution stage 645 Ascaris lumbricoides 267,270 field testing 642 Ascaris suum 149, 170,472 flubendazole 216,640 Ascaris suum tissues 149, 150 hookworms 32,209,212,216,228,230 Aspiculuris tetraptera 170 levamisole 220,640,641 assessment 221,267,285,302,323, mebendazole 224,270,287,640,641 335,358 Necator americanus 224 ATP synthesis 151 oxantel and pyrantel 230 Bunostomum 415 pilot run 642 Capillaria 507, 513 piperazine 256, 640, 641 Capillaria obsignata 513 planning stage 645 Capillaria philippinensis 4, 301, 302 692 Subject Index

Mebendazole Moniezia expansa 151 capillariasis 23 Multiceps mUlticeps 594 Chabertia 15 Necator americanus 221,224,618 chickens 513 Nematodirus 415 clinical treatment 270 Oesophagostomum 415,472,477 contraindications 270, 303, 324, 361 Ostertagia 415 Cooperia 415 ovicidal properties 618 cost 641 Oxyuris 453 dosage 223,270,303,324,336,361, Oxyuris equi L4 445 446,470,498,624 Oxyuris equi L5 445 Draschia megastoma 445, 453 Parascaris 453 drug resistance 412 Parascaris equorum L4 445 Echinococcus granulosus 593,616,618, Parascaris equorum L5 445 624 periodic deworming 631 Echinococcus multilocularis 149,594, pharmacokinetics 149 618,624 pheasants 513 Echinostoma ilocanum 550 Physaloptera 499 echinostomiasis 550,616 pigeons 513 efficacy 593,641 embryotoxic effects 151,408,499,617 plasma concentrations 616 plasma levels 594 enterobiasis 4 Enterobius 225 precautions 223,270,303,324,361 Enterobius vermicularis 287 Probstmayra vivipara 445 feces 149 Probstmayria 453 flubendazole 616 product names 419 formulation(s) 419, 446, 470, 498, 509 radioimmune assay 616 Gaigeria 415 serum glutamic oxaloacetic Gaigeria pachyscilis 220 transaminase 616 geese 513 side effects 223,270,303,324,361,499, glomerulonephritis 616 641 glucose uptake 151 small strongyles 453 Gnathostoma 296 small strongyles L4 445 Habronema 453 small strongyles L5 445 Habronema spp. 445 strongyloides 415,453,477 Haemonchus 415 Strongyloides ransomi 472 heartworm-infected dogs 499 Strongyloides stercoralis 225, 323 hepatic enzymes 616 Strongyloides westeri 445 Heterakis 507 Strongylus edentatus 445 Heterakis gallinarum 513 Strongylus equinus 445 high-pressure liquid chromatography Strongylus vulgaris 445 616 supplie~ 419,446,470,498,509 hookworms 4,220,223,498,499 Syngamus trachea 149, 170 Hymenolepisnana 225,617,618 Syphacia muris 149 Hyostrongylus 477 Taenia crassiceps 593, 594 Hystrongylus rubidus 472 Taenia granulosus 594 indications 498 Taenia hydatigena 594 individual treatment 223 Taenia ovis 594 intestinal capillariasis 550 Taenia pisijormis 593 larval infections 618 Taenia saginata 4, 594, 617 length of treatment 641 Taenia solium 4,617,618 mass treatment 224,270,287,640,641 Taenia taeniaeformis 593 Mesocestoides corti 594 teratogenic effects 151,499 metabolites 149, 150 Tetrameres americana 513 microtubules 151 toxicology 150, 595 mode of action 151 trade name 446,470,498,509,656 mode of administration 223, 270, 324, Trichinella spiralis 334-336 336,361 trichostrongylids 422 Subject Index 693

Trichostrongylus 225,341,415,453 hosts 527 Trichostrongylus axei 445 Leuciscus hakuensis 46 Trichostrongylus tenuis 513 life cycle 46 4 locality 527 Trichuris 225,477 man 527 Trichuris suis 472 metacercariae 46 Trichuris trichiura 358, 362, 618 morphology 46, 546 urine 149 MugU cephalus 46 whipworms 498, 499 niclofolan 533, 547 Mebendazo1e and pyrante1 niclosamide 547 Ascaris lumbricoides 276 Odontobuitis obscurus 46 assessment 235 oil of chenopodium 547 contraindications 235 oleoresin of aspidium 547 dosage 235 pigs 526 hookworms 235 Plecoglossus altivelis 46 mode of administration 235 praziquantel 164, 536, 547 Mebendazole and pyrantel pamoate 294 prevalences 46 Mebendazole + trichlorfon Pseudogobio esocinus 46 dosage 446 second intermediate hosts 46 formulation(s) 446 Semisulcospira libertina 46 supplier 446 tetrachloroethylene 547 trade name 446, 656 Metastrongylus apri Mecistocirrus digitatus 339 cholinesterase 153 Meganyctiphanes norvegica 237 metrifonate 153 Melaniidae 546 Methylbenzene 491 Mepacrine hookworm 492 cestodes 597 whipworms 492 tapeworm infections 557 Methylbenzene + dichlorophene 497 Mesocestoides 565, 575 Methylthiophanate 171 albendazole 593, 598 benzimidazole carbamates 170 bunamidine 598 fungi 170 diagnosis 566 Methyridine 507 diuredosan 598 Metrifonate dog 598 antidote 201,351 life cycle 564 arylesterases 153 lineatus 564 Ascaris lumbricoides 252 mites 564 Ascaris suum 200 praziquante1 598 assessment 200, 351 second intermediate hosts 564 cholinesterase 152, 153 Mesocestoides corti 564 contraindications 201, 351 diuredosan 596 dosage 201,351,470 mebendazole 594 formulation 470 niclosamide 582 hookworms 200,201 praziquante1 588, 589 mode of action 153 tetrathyridia 594 mode of administration 201,351 Mesocestoididae 564 pharmacokinetics 152 Mesocricetus auratus 560 precautions 201,351 46 side effects 201,351 Metagonimus yokogawai 545,548 supplier 470 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 547 toxicology 153 bithionol 547 trade name 470, 656 carbon tetrachloride 547 Trichuris 200 eggs 45 Trichuris trichiura 350,351 epidemiology 46 Metroliasthes lucida geographical distribution 46 birds 575, 598 hexylresorcinol 547 di-n-butyl tin dilaurate 598 694 Subject Index

Metroliasthes lucida niclosamide 155 fowl 598 Mitochondrial phosphorylation niclosamide 598 Ascaris suum 137 turkey 598 closantel 137 Metronidazole Fasciola hepatica 137 Fasciolopsis buski 543 liver 137 Trichinella spiralis 333 Mode of action 131,134,143 Metyridine 409,420 albendazo1e 127 Ancylostoma caninum 493 amoscanate 128 Ascaridia 508, 509 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 132 Ascaridia galli 510 bithionol 133 Bunostomum 414,415 closante1 137 Capillaria 508, 509 dichlorophen 138 Capillaria ana tis 511 dichlorvos 153 Capillaria obsignata 511 disopheno1 139 Chabertia 415 febante1 141 Chickens 510 flubendazo1e 145 Cooperia 414,415 formulations 419,509 ivermectin 130 Gaigeria 415 1evamiso1e 148, 165 geese 511 mebendazole 151 Haemonchus 414,415 metrifonate 153 Heterakis 508 morantel 154 Nematodirus 414,415 niclosamide 155 Oesophagostomum 414,415 oxfendazole 157 Ostertagia 414,415 oxibendazo1e 158 pigeons 511 parbendazole 159 product names 419 paromomycin 160 strongyloides 414,415 piperazine 161, 165 suppliers 419, 509 praziquante1 163 toxic effects 510 pyrante1 165 Toxocara canis 493 rafoxanide 166 trade names 509 tetramiso1e 148 Trichinella spiralis 334 tiabendazole 169 Trichostrongylus 414,415 Moniezia 573 Trichuris vulpis 493 albendazo1e 593, 598 turkeys 511 axenomycins 595 Microtubules benedeni 572 albendazole 127 bunamidine hydroxynaphthoate 598 Ascaris suum 143, 170 cambendazo1e 134, 598 benzimidazole carbamates 127 cattle 598 cambendazole 135 dich1orophen 581 Fasciola hepatica 143 fenbendazo1e 592, 598 febante1 141 horses 572 fenbendazo1e 143 niclosamide 583, 598 Heterakis spumosa 141 oxfendazo1e 598 mebendazo1e 151,170 pallida 572 Syngamus trachea 170 praziquantel 590, 598 Milk spots 465 ruminants 572 Mink 529 sheep 598 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus 550 Moniezia expansa 151 Mitochondria 614 bunamidine hydroxynaphthoate 587 Ascaris suum 138-140, 155 cambendazo1e 591 ATP synthesis 139 oxfendazole 591 Fasciola hepatica 137 Moniezia pallida Hymenolepis diminuta 138 horses 598 liver 137, 139, 155 mebendazole 598 Subject Index 695

niclosamide 598 Coenurus cerebralis 567 Monoamine oxidases definitive host 567 Hymenolepis diminuta 159 geographical distribution 567 parbendazole 159 intermediate host 567 Monomorium scabriceps 574 larvae 594 Morantel 153,409,450,494 mebendazole 594 Ascaris 474 praziquantel 589 benzimidazole-resistant strongyles 447 Multiceps serialis 570 Bunostomum 414,415,417,429 Coenurus serialis 567 Chabertia 15, 417, 429 definitive host 567 Cooperia 414,415,417,429 geographical distribution 567 formulations 419 intermediate host 567 fumarate reductase 154 Gaigeria 415, 417, 429 N-butylchloride 491 Haemonchus 414,415,417,429 N-methy1cytisine Haemonchus contortus 154 Angiostrongylus cantonensis 131 Hyostrongylus 474 Naftalofos levamisole-resistant Ostertagia strain Bunostomum 414,415 429 Chabertia 415 maximum tolerated dose 451 Cooperia 414,415,420 Nematodirus 414,415,417,429 formulations 419 Oesophagostomum 414,415,417,429, Gaigeria 415 474 Haemonchus 414,415,420 Ostertagia 414,415,417,429 Nematodirus 414,415 pharmacokinetics 154 Oesophagostomum 414,415 product names 419 Ostertagia 414,415 resistance 429 product names 419 strongyloides 414,415,417 resistance 413 suppliers 419 strongyloides 414,415 toxicology 154 suppliers 419 trade name 656 trade name 656 trichostrongylus 414, 415, 417, 429 trichostrongylus 414,415 Trichuris 474 Nanophyetes salmincola 527 Morante! tartrate Nanophyetes salmincolla sustained re!ease bolus 410 carbon tetrachloride 528 Morerastrongylus 296 hexachloroparaxylol 528 Morerastrongylus andersoni 11 tetrachloroethylene 528 Morerastrongylus costaricensis 11,296 N anophyetiasis Morphology carbon tetrachloride 528 echinostomids 549 hexachloroparaxylol 529 Fasciolopsis buski 542 tetrachloroethylene 529 Gastrodiscoides hominis 551 Necator americanus 26, 186, 191,202, Heterophyes heterophyes 545 213, 224, 229 heterophyids 546 albendazole 203, 204 Metagonimus yokogawai 546 amidantel 204 Phaneropsolus bonnei 552 amoscanate 205 Prosthodindrium molenkampi 552 anemia 30, 191, 193 Moths bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 207, Hymenolepis diminuta 51 208 MugU cephalis 547 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate and MugU cephalus tetrachloroethylene 232 Heterophyes heterophyes 45 bitoscanate 209,210 Metagonimus yokogawai 46 blood loss 31 MugU japonicus bromo-fJ-naphthol 198 Heterophyes heterophyes 45 cashew nut 196 Multiceps multiceps 570 clinical manifestations 30 696 Subject Index

Necator americanus pyrantel 414,415,417,428 control 31 rafoxanide 414-416 coproculture 193 thiophanate 414-417,431 development 191 tiabendazole 414,415,421 dichlorvos 20 I trichlorophon 415 diospyrol 196 trichlorphon 414 diospyroquinone 196 Nematodirus battus 115 Diospyros mollis 196 control strategies 114 egg output 191, 193 development 92 eggs 27,28, 191,618 eggs 92 epidemiology 28, 29 epidemiology 104 flubendazole 214 herbage infestations 97 geographical distribution 27, 193 sheep 114 hexylresorcinol 198 Nematodirusfilicollis 115 host 191 herbage infestations 97 hypobiosis 191 Nematodirus helvetianus 115,423 intensity of infections 30 herbage infestations 100 iron 30 host resistance 75 iron deficiency 191, 193 resistance to 75 L3 infective larvae 191 levamisole 216,217 Nematodirus spathiger ll5 life cycle 27 morphological changes 78 life span 29, 191 Nematodirus spp. mebendazole 221,618 arrested development 79 morphology 27 host-parasite relationship 86 prevalence 27 pathogenic effect 108 pyrantel pamoate 225 Nematospiroides dub ius tetrachloroethylene 198 albendazole 127 tiabendazole and levamisole 232 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 207 Nematodiriasis 110 Neoscaris vitulorum forecasting 108 colostrum 85 Nematodirus Neptunia oleracea 544 albendazole 414-417,427 bephenium 413--415 praziquantel 623 bromoxanide 415 Niclofolan 140 clioxanide 415,417 Calicophoron calicophorum 533 closantel 415 Heterophyes heterophyes 547 coumafos 414 Metagonimus yokogawai 547 developing larvae 425 Metagoniumus yokogawai 533 disophenol 415 paramphistomes 523, 533 eggs 93 toxic effects 533 febantel 414-417 Niclosamide 140, 167,581,598,613,618 fenbendazole 414-418,423,424 adult cestode infections 614 fenclofos 414,415 Angiostrongylus cantonensis 155 haloxon 414,415 approximate % cured 624 inhibited larvae 424,425 Ascaris suum 155 ivermectin 414-417,432 ATP synthesis 155 levamisole 414-417,430 Avitellina 583 mebendazole 415 cestodiasis 5 metyridine 414,415 Choanotaenia infundibulum 583 morantel 414,415,417,429 Dicranotenia 583 naftalofos 414,415 Diphyllobothrium latum 615,624 nitroxynil 414,415,417 Dipylidium caninum 583,615,624 oxfendazole 414-418,425 Dipylidium canium 155 oxibendazole 414-417,424 dose 624 parbendazole 414-417,422 Echinococcus granulosus 582, 583 phenothiazine 14,413,415 Echinoparyphium paraulum 529 Subject Index 697

echinostomes 526 tradename 497, 656 echinostomiasis 528 Uncinaria stenocephala 493 efficacy 582 Nitrophenols 420, 512 Fasciola 534 Nitroscanate 125, 598 Fasciola hepatica 155 Ancylostoma caninum 496, 587 Fasciolopsis buski 525, 534, 543 Ancylostoma tubaeforme 588 Helictometra giardi 583 ascarids 498 Heterophyes heterophyes 547 chemistry 587 hydrogen ionophore 614 Dipylidium caninum 587, 588 Hymenolepis 583 dosage regime 498 Hymenolepis diminuta 154, 155,615, Echinococcus granulosus 588 624 efficacy 587 Hymenolepis nana 614,615,624 formulation 498 intestinal trematodes 529 hookworms 498, 587 liver 155 indications 498 Mesocestoides corti 582 micronisation 588 Metagonimus yokogawai 547 Spirometra erinacei 587 mode of action 155 supplier 498 neuropharmacological effects 155 Taenia 587,588 Paragonimus westermani 155 Taenia taeniaeformis 588 paramphistomes 523, 524, 534 496, 587 fharmacokinetics 154 toxicity 588 2Pi-ATP exchange 155 Toxocara canis 496, 587 Raillietina 583 Toxocara cati 588 Stilesia hepatica 583, 590 tradename 498, 656 Taenia 582 Trichuris vulpis 496, 587, 588 Taenia hydatigena 582 Uncinaria stenocephala 496, 587 Taenia ovis 582 Nitroxynil Taenia saginata 614,615 Bunostomum 414,415,417 Taenia solium 614,615 Bunostomum phlebotomum 420 Taenia taeniaeformis 582 Chabertia 415,417 tapeworms 534 Cooperia 414,415,417,420 Thysanosoma actinioides 583, 590 Eurytrema coelomaticum 534 toxicology 154,583 eurytremiasis 524 trade name 656 formulations 419 Nicotinic receptors Gaigeria 415,417 pyrantel 165 Haemonchus 414,415,417,420 Nidanthel 497 intestinal trematodes 534 Nippostrongylus brasiliensis Nematodirus 414,415,417 fenbendazole 141 Oesophagostomum 414,415,417 fumarate reductase 169 Oesophagostomum radiatum 420 half-life of the population 76 Ostertagia 414,415,417 host resistance 76 paramphistomes 534 self-cure 74 - product names 419 tiabendazole 169 strongyloides 414,415,417 worm burden 74, 76 suppliers 419 Nitrodan trade name 656 Ancylostoma caninum 493 trichostrongylus 414,415,417 ascarids 497 Nocodazole dosage regime 497 tubulin 170 formulation 497 Nodular worm 466 hookworms 497 Nosophyl/us fasciatus indications 497 Hymenolepis diminuta 51 supplier 497 Notocotylus attenuatus Toxascaris leonina 493 hosts 530 Toxocara canis 493 Nymphaea lotus 544 698 Subject Index

Odontobuitis obscurus thiophanate 414-417,479 Metagonimus yokogawai 46 tiabendazole 306,414,415,472,475 Oesophagodontus 443 treatment frequency 469 Oesophagodontus robustus trichlorfon 414,415,472 dichlorvos 450 Oesophagostomum apiostomum 304 Oesophagostoma spp. 32 Oesophagostomum bifurcum 304 Oesophagostomiasis 32, 33, 304 Oesophagostomum circumcincta Oesophagostomum 304, 466 drug resistance 412 albendazole 414-417,427,478 Oesophagostomum circumcinta apiostomum 33 benzimidazole-resistant strains 410 Ascaris suum 471 Oesophagostomum dentatum benzimidazole-resistant strains 426 larvae 466 bephenium 414,415 thirdstage larvae 95 bromoxanide 415 Oesophagostomum dentatum larvae cambendazole 472, 476 mortality 95 CC14 306 Oesophagostomum quadrispinulatum clioxanide 415,417 larvae 466 closantel 415 Oesophagostomum radiatum coumafos 414,418 nitroxynil 420 developing larvae 425, 430 tiabendazole 421 diagnosis 306 Oesophagostomum spp. 464 dichlorvos 472 febantel 431 disophenol 415,420 postparturient rise 89 eggs 33 pyrantel 428 febantel 414-417,432,472,478 thiophanate 431 fenbendazole 414-417,423,472,477 Oesophagostomum stephanostomum 304 fenclofos 414,415 Oil of Anacardium flubendazole 472,478 ancylostomiasis 491 geographical distribution 33, 306 Oil of chenopodium haloxon 414,415,472,473 echinostomiasis 549 host 305 Enterobius vermicularis 281 incidence 464 Fasci%psis buski 543 inhibited larvae 425 Heterophyes heterophyes 547 ivermectin 414-417,432,479 Metagonimus yokogawai 547 larvae 469 Ternidens deminutus 329 levamisole 306,414-417,430,472,475 Oil of chenopodium and TeE 294 life cycle 33, 305 Oil of terebinthinae mebendazole 415,472,477 Fasciolopsis buski 543 metyridine 414,415 Oleoresin 613 morantel 414,415,417,429,474 Oleoresin of aspidium morphology 33 Heterophyes heterophyes 547 naftalofos 414,415 Metagonimus yokogawai 547 nitroxynil 414,415,417 Oligomycin 128 oxantel 474 Ollulanus tricuspis 88 oxfendazole 414-417,425,426,472, Olveria indica 522 477 OMPI 145, 146 oxibendazole 414-417,424,472,478 553 parbendazole 414-417,422,472,476 praziquantel 164 phenothiazine 14,413,415 Organic phosphorus compounds 511 471,472 cholinesterase 409 prepatent period 469 toxicity 409 prevalence 306 Organophosphates 470,471,493, 535 pyrantel 414,415,417,472,474 Organophosphorous compounds 200 rafoxanide 414-416,427 Ascaris suum 252 surgical treatment 306 contraindication 252 TCE 306 dosage 252 Subject Index 699

Enterobius vermicularis 283 half-life of the population 76 mode of administration 252 herbage infestations 100 precautions 252 host resistance 75, 76 side effects 252 Hymenolopis diminuta 592 Trichinella spiralis 334 hypo biotic larvae 592 Trichuris trichiura 350 inhibited larvae 411,412,418 Orthetrum sabina 553 ivermectin 418 Oryzomys fulvescens 297 larvae 105, 106 Ostertagia 466 levamisole 418 albendazole 414-417,426 liveweight gain 70 arrested development 79 Moniezia 592 bephenium 414,415 morphological changes 78 bromoxanide 415 oxfendazole 418 cattle 98 resistance to 75 c1ioxanide 415,417 stunting 85 c10santel 415 thiophanate 412,418 coumafos 414 worm burden 76-78 developing larvae 424, 425 Ostertagia spp. disophenol 415 lactation 90 epidemiology 98 Ostertagiasis 82 febantel 414-417,431 production 68 fenbendazole 414-417,423,424 Ostertagiasis type II 99,407 fenc1ofos 414,415 Oxantel 155 haloxon 414,415 Ascaris 474 inhibited larvae 31, 423-426 assessment 362 ivermectin 414-417,432,433 contraindications 363 levamisole 414-417 dosage 363 mebendazole 415 Hyostrongylus 474 metyridine 414,415 mode of administration 363 morantel 414,415,417,429 Oesophagostomum 474 naftalofos 414,415 precautions 363 nitroxynil 414,415,417 side effects 363 oxfendazole 414-417,425,426 Trichuris 474 oxibendazole 414-417,424 Trichuris trichiura 362, 363 parbendazole 414-417,421 Oxantel and Pyrante1 325 phenothiazine 4l3-415 assessment 228, 363 pyrantel 414,415,417,428 contraindications 230, 364 rafoxanide 414-416 dosage 229,364 thiophanate 414-417,431 hookworms 228, 230 tiabendazole 414,415,421 individual treatment 230 trichlorphon 414,415 mass treatment 230 Ostertagia circumcincta mode of administration 229,364 egg output 87 Necator americanus 229 free-living stages 93 precautions 230 Ostertagia leptospicularis 115 side effects 229,364 Ostertagia ostertagi 339,407,410 trade name 656 albendazole 418 Trichiuris trichiura 363 Anoplocephala 592 Trichuris trichiura 228 arrested larval development 80-83, 142 Oxantel pamoate calves 70 ascariasis 5 culture 105 Trichuris trichiura 5 Echinococcus granulosus 592 Oxfendazole 142,410,477,591,598 egg output 86,87, 108 abomasal concentrations 157 eggs 81 albendazole 426 epidemiology 100, 104 Anoplocephala magna 591 fenbendazole 412,418, 592 Anoplocephala perfoliata 591 700 Subject Index

Oxfendazole Oxfendazole sulfone Ascaris suum 472 abomasal concentrations 157 Bunostomum 414-417,425,426 benzimidazole carbamates 156 Chabertia 415,417,425,426 Oxibendazole 477, 591 Cooperia 414-417,425,426 albendazole 127 dosage 446, 470 Ascaris 478 Draschia 454 Ascaris suum 472 Draschia megastoma 445 benzimidazole carbamates 127, 157 Echinococcus granulosus 591 Bunostomum 414-417,424 efficacy 591 cambendazole 127 embryotoxicity 157,408,426 Chabertia 15,417,424 fertility in rams 426 Cooperia 414-417,424 formulations 419,446,470 dosage 446,470 fumarate reductase 157 Draschia 454 Gaigeria 415,417,425 Draschia megastoma 445 llabronema 454 drug resistance 447 llabronema spp. 445 embryotoxic effect 158, 424 llaemonchus 414-418,425,426 formulations 419,446,470 llaemonchus contortus 156 llystrongylus rubidus 472 Gaigeria 415,417 mode of action 157 llabronema spp. 445, 454 Moniezia expansa 591 llaemonchus 414-417,424 Nematodirus 414-418,425 llystrongylus rubidus 472 Oesophagostomum 414-417,425,426, membrane resistance 127 472 mode of action 158 Ostertagia 414-417,425,426 nematodirus 414-417,424 Ostertagia ostertagi 418 Oesophagostomum 414-417,424,472, Oxyuris 454 478 Oxyuris equi L4 445 Ostertagia 414-417,424 Oxyuris equi L5 445 Oxyuris 454 Parascaris 454 Oxyuris equi L4 445 Parascaris equorum L4 445 Oxyuris equi L5 445 Parascaris equorum L5 445 Parascaris 454 pharmacokinetics 156 Parascaris equorum L4 445 plasma level 156 Parascaris equorum L5 445 Probstmayra vivipara 445 pharmacokinetics 158 product names 419 Probstmayra vivipara 445 resistance 413,426 Probstmayria 454 small strongyles L4 445 product names 419 small strongyles L5 445 resistance 413 strongyloides 414-417,425,454 small strongyles L4 445 Strongyloides ransomi 472 small strongyles L5 445 Strongyloides westeri 445 Strongyloides 414-417,424,454,478 Strongylus edentatus 445 Strongyloides ransomi 472 Strongylus equinus 445 Strongyloides westeri 445 Strongylus vulgaris 445 Strongylus edentatus 445 suppliers 419,446,470 Strongylus equinus 445 teratogenic 157 Strongylus vulgaris 445 toxicology 157, 591 suppliers 419,446,470 trade name 446, 470, 656 teratogenic activity 158 Trichostrongylus 414-418,425,426, toxicology 158 433 trade name 446,470,657 Trichostrongylus axei 445, 454 Trichostrongylus 414-417, 424 Trichostrongylus colubriformis 156 Trichostrongylus axei 445, 454 Trichuris 425 Trichuris 424, 478 Trichuris suis 472 Trichuris suis 472 tubulin 157 Oxidative phosphorylation 532,614 Subject Index 701

Oxinide difluorotetrachlorethane 523 paramphistomes 523 difluorotetrachloroethane 532 Oxyclozanide 535 domestic ruminants 522 echinostomes 526 elephants 529 Fasciola hepatica 140 fenbendazole 523, 535 Gastrodiscus aegypticus 534 geographical distribution 522 paramphistomes 523-525,534 hexachlorethane 523, 531 safety index 140 hexachlorethane and bentonite 523 Oxytetracycline hexachloroparaxylene 523 Enterobius vermicularis 282 hexachloroparaxylol 531 Oxyuriasis 277 hexachlorophene 53, 525 Oxyuris levamisole 523, 535 albendazole 455 life cycles 522 cambendazole 452 niclofolan 523, 533 dichlorvos 450 niclosamide 523, 524, 534 febantel 455 nitroxynil 534 fenbendazole 453 oxinide 523 ivermectin 455 oxyclozanide 523-525,534 levamisole 451 pathology 522 mebendazole 453 rafoxanide 534 oxfendazole 454 resorante1 523-525, 535 oxibendazole 454 tetramisole 523 parbendazole 453 trichlorfon 523, 535 pyrantel 451 Paramphistomiasis 521,524 tiabendazole 452 pigs 525 tioxidazole 455 Paramphistomum Oxyuris equi 443 cervi 522 trichlorfon 449 daubneyi 522 Oxyuris equi L4 445 gotoi 522 Oxyuris equi L5 445 gracile 522 hiberniae 522 Panna ichikawai 522 tapeworm infections 557 microbothrium 522 Panther Paramphistomum ichikawae fenbendazole 499 dichlorophenol 533 levamisole 496 Paramphistomum sp. Paragonimus kellicotti hexachlorophene 531 albendazole 202 Paranoplocephala mamillana Paragonimus westermani horses 572, 598 bithionol 133 mebendazole 598 niclosamide 155 niclosamide 598 praziquantel 163 Parascaris Paragonismus sp. albendazole 455 praziquantel 536 cambendazole 452 Paramphistomatidae 551 dichlorvos 450 Paramphistomes febantel 455 albendazole 523 fenbendazole 453 bithionol 523-525, 532 ivermectin 455 bithionol sulphoxide 524 levamisole 451 brotianide 523, 533 mebendazole 453 carbon tetrachloride 530 oxfendazole 454 l,chloro-2,2,2-trichlorodifluorethane oxibendazole 454 532 parbendazole 453 clioxanide 523 phenothiazine 449 dichlorophenol 533 pyrantel 451 dichlorvos 525 Strongyloides 449 702 Subject Index

Parascaris Strongylus equinus 445 tiabendazole 452 Strongylus vulgaris 445 tioxidazole 455 supplier 419,446,470,509 trichlorfon 449 teratogenic 159 Parascaris equorum 443, 448 toxicology 159 Parascaris equorum L4 445 trade name 446,470,509 Parascaris equorum L5 445 Trichinella spiralis 334 Parastrigea robusta Trichostrongylus 414-417,421,422, ducks 530 453 hosts 530 Trichostrongylus axei 445 Paratenic host 640 Trichuris 422 Toxocara canis 84 Trichuris suis 472 Parbendazole 452, 590 tubulin 159 Ascaridia 508 turkeys 512 Ascaridia dissimilis 512 Paromomycin 159 Ascaris 476 antibiotics 125 Ascaris suum 472 Enterobius vermicularis 282 Bunostomum 414-417,422 Hymenolepis diminuta 595 Capillaria 422, 508 Chabertia 415,417,422 Hymenolepis nana 595 Cooperia 414-417,421,422 mode of action 160 dosage 446, 470 Streptomyces rimosus forma Draschia megastoma 445 paromomycinus 160 drug resistance 412 Taenia taeniaeformis 595 embryotoxic 159,408,422 Paryphostomum sufrartyfex 526, 548 formulation 419,446,470,509 Pasture management 468 Gaigeria 415,417 Pen Hygiene 468 Habronema spp. 445,453 Periodic deworming Haemonchus 414-417,422 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 631 Heterakis 508 carbon tetrachloride 631 Heterakis gallinarum 512 levamisole 631 Hymenolepis diminuta 159 mebendazole 631 Hyostrongylus 476 tiabendazole 631 Hystrongylus rubidus 472 Pfenderius papillatus 529 metabolites 158 Phagicolla mode of action 159 hosts 527 monoamine oxidases 159 italica 527 Nematodirus 414-417,422 locality 527 Oesophagostomum 414-417,422,472, longa 527 476 Phaneropsolus bonnei Ostertagia 414-417,421 life cycle 552 Oxyuris 453 morphology 552 Oxyuris equi L4 445 Pharamphistomum microbothrium Oxyuris equi L5 445 bithionol 532 Parascaris 453 l,chloro-2,2,2-trichlorodifluorethane Parascaris equorum L4 445 532 Parascaris equorum L5 445 difluorotetrachloroethane 532 pharmacokinetics 158 Pharmacokinetics Probstmayra vivipara 445 albendazole 125, 126 product names 419 albendazole sulfone 126 resistance 422 albendazole sulfoxide 126 small strongyles L4 445 amoscanate 127 small strongyles L5 445 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 132 strongyloides 414-417,422,453,476 bitoscanate 133 Strongyloides ransomi 472 cambendazole 134 Strongyloides westeri 445 ciclobendazole 135 Strongylus edentatus 445 closantel 136 Subject Index 703

dichlorvos 152 piperazine 449 febantel 140 Probstmayra vivipara 445 fenbendazole 141 product names 419 flubendazole 144 resistance 413 levamisole 146 small strongyles 447,449 mebendazole 149 small strongyles L4 445 metrifonate 152 small strongyles L5 445 morantel 154 stilbazium iodide 251 niclosamide 154 Strongyloides 414,415 oxfendazole 156 Strongyloides papil/osus 413 oxibendazole 158 Strongyloides westeri 445 parbendazole 158 Strongylus edentatus 445 piperazine 160 Strongylus equinus 445 praziquantel 162 Strongylus vulgaris 445 thiophanate 171 suppliers 419,446,509 tiabendazole 168 toxicity 409 Pharyngostomoides sp. trade name 446,509,657 hosts 527 trade names 509 locality 527 Trichinella spiralis 333 Pharyngostomum cordatum 529 Trichonema spp. 82 Pheasants Trichostrongylus 413--415 febantel 516 Trichostrongylus axei 445 fenbendazole 514 Trichuris 413 gastrointestinal nematodes 507 Phocitrema sp. Heterakis isolonche 505 hosts 527 mebendazole 513 locality 527 Phenothiazine 410,491 Phoconaema Ascaridia 507, 510 host 237 Ascaris lumbricoides 251 intermediate hosts 237 benzimidazole resistance 449 morphology 237 Bunostomum 413--415 Phopholipase C Capillaria 507,510 piperazine 161 Chabertia 413,415 Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 135 chickens 510 ATP synthesis 135 Cooperia 413--415 cambendazole 135 dosage 446 fumarate reductase 135 Draschia megastoma 445 lactate production 135 drug resistance 447 Moniezia expansa 135 Enterobius vermicularis 251, 283 Phosphorylase a equine strongyles 447 disophenol 139 formulations 419,446,509 Phthallofyne 491 Gaigeria 415 Physaloptera 488 Habronema spp. 445 dichlorvos 494 Haemonchus 413--415 mebendazole 499 Haemonchus contortus 105 Physaloptera rara Heterakis 507 dithiazanine 492 Heterakis gallinarum 510 Physocephalus sexalatus 464, 467 Nematodirus 413--415 Picrotoxin Oesophagostomum 413--415 Angiostrongylus cantonensis 131 Ostertagia 413--415 Pigeons 530 Oxyuris equi L4 445 Ascaridia columbae 505 Oxyuris equi L5 445 Cotugnia cuneata 598 Parascaris 449 Davainea proglottina 598 Parascaris equorum L4 445 Echinoparyphium paraulum 529 Parascaris equorum L5 445 fenbendazole 514 photosensitization 409,413 gastrointestinal nematodes 509 704 Subject Index

Pigeons Hystrongylus rubidus 472 haloxon 511 indications 497 intestinal trematodes 529 kidneys 160 levamisole 516 large intestine 160 mebendazole 513 length of treatment 641 metyridine 511 liver 160 598 mass treatment 256,640,641 tiabendazole 512 mode of action 161, 165 Pigs mode of administration 255, 289 Artyfechinostomum malayanum 526 muscles 160 Brachylaemus suis 526 nitrosation 161 Echinochasmus perfoliatus 526 Oesophagostomum 471,472 Echinostoma malayanum 526 Oxyuris equi 449 Echinostoma revoltum 526 Oxyuris equi L4 445 Euparyphium suinum 526 Oxyuris equi L5 445 fasciolopiasis 525 paralysis 132, 161 Fasciolopsis buski 43 Parascaris equorum L4 445 Gastrodiscoides hominis 525 Parascaris equorum L5 445 Gastrodiscus aegypticus 525 gastrointestinal nematodes 463, 464, periodic deworming 631 470,472 pharmacokinetics 160 Metagonimus yokogawai 526 phospholipase 161 paramphistomiasis 525 precautions 255, 289 Spirometra mansonoides 561 Probstmayra vivipara 445 Stephanoprora deniticulata 526 side effects 255,289,492, 641 Stichorchis giganteus 525 small intestine 160 Pi/a luzonica 550 small strongyles 449 Pilot run 642 small strongyles L4 445 practical organization 643 small strongyles L5 445 disease 277 stomach 160 Pinworms 186 Strongyloides 449 prevalences 184 Strongyloides ransomi 472 Piperazine 282,294,452,491,493 Strongyloides westeri 445 Ancylostoma 491 Strongylus edentatus 445 Ascaridia 507, 508, 510 Strongylus equinus 445 Ascaridia dissimilis 510 Strongylus vulgaris 445 Ascaridia galli 510 supplier 470,497, 509 ascarids 497 toxicology 161 ascaris 631 Toxocara 491 Ascaris lumbricoides 161,253,256 trade names 470, 509, 657 Ascaris suum 161,472 Trichinella spiralis 334 Ascaris-muscle 165 Trichostrongylus axei 445 assessment 254, 288 Trichuris suis 472 Capillaria 507, 508 Trichuris trichiura 364 choline kinase 161 turkeys 510 clinical use 256 Uncinaria 491 contraindications 255, 289 urine 160 cost 641 Piperazine and pyrvinium dosage 255, 289, 470, 497 Ascaris lumbricoides 276 Draschia megastoma 445 Piperazine and tiabendazole efficacy 253,254,641 Ascaris lumbricoides 277 Enterobius vermicularis 288 hookworms 235 fasciolopiasis 525 Pirenella conica 548 Fasciolopsis buski 525, 543 Heterophyes heterophyes 45 formulation 470,497, 509 Plagiorchis anatinus Habronema spp. 445, 449 ducks 530 Heterakis 507,508 hosts 530 Subject Index 705

Plagiorchis javanensis 554 larval cestode infection 622 Plagiorchis muris 554 magnesium 164 Plagiorchis philippinensis 554 Mesocestoides 588 Plasmodium 639 Mesocestoides corti 589 Plecoglossus altivelis 548 metabolites 162,621 Metagonimus yokogawai 46 Metagonimus yokogawai 164,536,547 Plerocercoids of Diphyllobothrium latum mode of action 163 praziquantel 623 Moniezia 590 Pleuroceridae 546 Multiceps multiceps 589 Polypylis hemisphaerula mutagenic activity 163 Fasciolopsis buski 43 Na + ,K + - triphosphatase Pomegranate root bark inhibition 163 tapeworm infections 557 neurocysticercosis 623 Potamididae 546 ovicidal 622 Powdered areca nut Paragonimus westermani 163 tapeworm infections 557 Paragonismus sp. 536 Powdered rhizomes of male ferns 491 paralysis 164 Praziquantel 535,593, 598, 613 peak serum levels 620 absorption 620,621 pharmacokinetics 162 adult cestode infections 621 plerocercoids of Diphyllobothrium Ancylostoma caninum 164 latum 623 approximate % cured 624 positive inotropic effect 163 calcium 163, 164 Raillietina cesticillus 590 cancerogenic effects 163 164 cerebral cysticercosis 5 Schistosoma mansoni 163, 164 cestodes 536 schistosomes 536 cestodiasis 5 serum 162 clinical trials 621 Spirometra 588 Clonorchis sinensis 536 Stilesia hepatica 590 Coenurus 624 Taenia crassiceps 589 Cysticercus bovis 622 Taenia hydatigena 589 Cysticercus cellulosae 622, 624 Taenia pisiformis 163, 589 Davainea proglottina 590 Taenia saginata 5,589,622,624 Diphyllobothrium 588 Taenia solium 5,622,624 Diphyllobothrium latum 5, 622, 624 Taenia taeniae/ormis 589 Diphyllobothrium pacificum 622, 624 Taenia taenia/ormis 620 Dip/ogonoporus grandis 164 tegumentallesions 164 Dipylidium caninum 163,622 thin-layer gas-chromatographic assay dose 624 621 Echinococcus granulosus 589, 623 Thysanosoma actinioides 590 Echinococcus multilocularis 589 toxicology 162, 590, 621 echinostomatidiasis 554 trade names 657 efficacy 588 Trichuris vulpis 164 Fasciola hepatica 162, 164 urine 162 fasciolopsiasis 545, 554 Prevalences 184 Fasci%psis buski 536, 543 Pricetrema sp. Heterophyes heterophyes 547 hosts 527 Heterophyes sp. 536 locality 527 heterophyidiasis 554 Probenzimidazoles 431,470,478,516 hydatic cysts of Echinococcus Probstmayria multilocularis 623 cambendazole 452 Hymenolepis diminuta 162 dichlorvos 450 Hymenolepis nana 5,589,620,624 fenbendazole 453 intestinal flukes 536 levamisole 451 Istmiophora melis 536 mebendazole 453 Joyeuxiella pasqualei 588 oxibendazole 454 706 Subject Index

Probstmayria depolarization 165 tiabendazole 452 dosage regime 470 Probstmayria vivipara 443, 445 Draschia 451 Procercovum calderoni 545 Draschia megastoma 445 Production efficacy 641 ostertagiasis 68 formulations 419,470,509 Prolactin 84 Gaigeria 415,417,428 Promethazine ganglionic synapses 165 Enterobius vermicularis 283 geese 515 Prosthodendrium glandulosum Habronema spp. 445, 451 hosts 527 Haemonchus 414,415,417,428 locality 527 Heterakis 507 Prosthodindrium molenkampi Heterakis gallinarum 515 life cycle 552 Hyostrongylus 474 morphology 552 Hystrongylus rubidus 472 Prosthogonimus pellucidus length of treatment 641 hosts 530 mass treatment 640,641 Protection mode of action 165 gastrointestinal nematodes 73 Nematodirus 414,415,417,428 Haemonchus contortus 73 Protofasciola robusta nicotinic receptor 165 elephants 529, 535 oesophagostomum 414,415,417,428, rafoxanide 529, 535 472,474 Pseudodiscus collinsi 525, 529 Ostertagia 414,415,417,428 Pseudogobio esocinus Oxyuris 451 Metagonimus yokogawai 46 Oxyuris equi L4 445 560,614 Oxyuris equi L5 445 Pulex irritans Parascaris 451 Diphilobothrium latum 50 Parascaris equorum L4 445 Hymenolepis diminuta 51 Parascaris equorum L5 445 Puma pharmacology 165 fenbendazole 499 Probstmayra vivipara 445 levamisole 496 product names 419 Pumpkin seeds 491 side effects 641 tapeworm infections 557 small strongyles 451 Pygidiopsis sp. small strongyles L4 445 hosts 527 small strongyles L5 445 locality 527 Strongyloides 414,415,417,451 Pygidiopsis summa 545, 547 Strongyloides ransomi 472 Pyrantel 5, 154, 164,409,450,494,631 Strongyloides westeri 445 acetylcholine 165 Strongylus edentatus 445 acetylcholinesterase 165 Strongylus equinus 445 Amidostomum 508 Strongylus vulgaris 445 Amidostomum anseris 515 suppliers 419,470, 509 Ascaridia 507 toxicology 165 Ascaridia galli 515 trade names 470,509,657 Ascaris 474 Trichostrongylus 341,414,415,417, Ascaris suum 472 428 Ascaris-muscle 165 Trichostrongylus axei 445 benzimidazole-resistant strongyles 447 Trichuris 474, 495 Bunostomum 414,415,417,428 Trichuris suis 472 Capillaria 507 Pyrantel and oxantel Capillaria obsignata 515 Ascaris lumbricoides 273, 498 Chabertia 415,417,428 assessment 273 chickens 515 contraindications 273 cooperia 414,415,417,428 dosage 273, 498 cost 641 formulation 498 Subject Index 707

hookwonns 272,498 precautions 292, 318, 366 mode of administration 273 side effects 292, 318, 366 precautions 273 Strongyloides stercoralis 317 side effects 273 trade name 657 supplier 498 Trichuris trichiura 365, 366 trade name 657 Trichostrongylus 341 Quantrel 363 Trichuris trichiura 272, 498 see also Pyrantel and oxantel Pyrante1 pamoate Quinicrine 613 Ancylostoma caninum 225 Ancylostoma duodenale 225 Rabies 487 ascariasis 4 Rafoxanide 529 ascarids 498 benzimidazole-resistant H. contortus Ascaris 225 427 Ascaris lumbricoides 270 blindness in sheep 428 assessment 225,271,289 Bunostomum 414-416,427 Capillaria phi/ippinensis 303 Chabertia 15,427 contraindications 227,272,290,325, Cooperia 414-416 365 Fasciola hepatica 140, 166 dosage 226, 272, 290, 325, 363, 446, fonnulations 419 498 Gaigeria 415 enterobiasis 4 Haemonchus 414-416 Enterobius vermicularis 225,270,289, mitochondrial phosphorylation 166 290 mode of action 166 fonnulation 446, 498 Nematodirus 414-416 hookwonn infections 4 Oesophagostomum 414-416 hookwonns 225,228,498 Ostertagia 414-416 indications 498 paramphistomes 534 individual treatment 228, 272 product names 419 mass treatment 228, 272 Protofasciola robusta 535 mode of action 272 resistance 4l3,428 mode of administration 226, 290, 325, safety index 140 365 Strongyloides 414-416 Necator americanus 225 suppliers 419 precautions 227,272,290,325,365 toxicology 166 side effects 227,272,290,325,365 trade name 657 Strongyloides stercoralis 325 trichostrongylus 414-416 supplier 446, 498 Raillietina Ternidens deminutus 329 birds 598 trade name 446, 498, 657 bunamidine hydroxynaphthoate 587 Trichinella spiralis 334, 336 cesticillus 574 Trichuris trichiura 225, 365 cysticercoids 574 Pyrantel tartrate di-n-buty1 tin di1aurate 581,598 dosage 446 echinobothrida 574 fonnulation 446 fowl 598 supplier 446 niclosamide 583, 598 trade name 446, 657 tetragona 574 Pyrethrines 250 turkey 598 Pyrvinium pamoate 294 Raillietina cesticillus assessment 291,317,318,366 praziquantel 590 carbohydrate uptake 166 Raillietina tetragona contraindications 292, 318, 366 birds 598 dosage 292, 318, 366 niclosamide 598 Enterobius vermicularis 166, 291, 292 pigeon 598 mass treatment 292 Rats mode of administration 292, 318, 366 Hymenolepis diminuta 559 708 Subject Index

Red stomach worm 466 Schistogonimus rarus Reptiles ducks 530 intermediate host 559 hosts 530 Resistance Schistosoma haematobium albendazole 413 cholinesterase 153 naftalofos 413 metrifonate 153 oxfendazole 413 Schistosoma japonicum oxibendazole 413 cercariae 9 phenothiazine 413 egg 9 rafoxanide 413 mathematical model 9 thiophanate 413 miracidium 9 Resistance to praziquantel 164 Cooperia oncophora 75 sporocysts 9 Haemonchus contortus 74, 75 Schistosoma mansoni Nematodirus helvetianus 75 amoscanate 206 Ostertagia ostertagi 75 cholinesterase 153 Trichostrongylus colubriformis 75 metrifonate 153 Trichostrongylus retortaeformis 74 neuromuscular system 163 Resorantel 140 praziquantel 162-164 cestodes 597 tegument 10 echinostomes 526 Schistosomes Gastrodiscus aegypticus 535 amoscanate 127 paramphistomes 523-525, 535 Bradley's model 10 trade name 657 intermediate host 9 Ringworm 487 MacDonald's model 9 Rockefeller control campaign mathematical model 9, 10 ancylostomiasis 633 praziquantel 536 Rotaviruses 639 vertebrate host 9 Roundworms Schistosomiasis prevalences 184 amoscanate 205 symptoms 184 control programs 9 Ruminants epidemiology 8 Avitellina 572 helminthic diseases 8 Helictometra 572 mathematical model 9 intestinal trematodes 521 mathematical models 8 Moniezia 572 Schistosoma japonicum 9 Moniezia benedeni 572 Scotch adhesive tape method 280 Moniezia pallida 572 Seatworm infection 277 Stilesia 572 Second intermediate hosts Thysanosoma 572 Diphyllobothrium latum 561 Secondary immune deficiency 1 Salangichthys microdon 548 Segmentina 542, 544 Salicylanilides 427 Self-cure fascioliasis 532 gastrointestinal nematodes 73 Haemonchus contortus 532 Haemonchus contortus 73 intestinal trematodes 532 host resistance 74 tapeworms 532 nematodes 73 toxic effects 532 Nippostrongylus brasiliensis 74 Salmon poisoning 528 Trichostrogylus retortaeformis 73' Salmonella 639 Semen contra 250 Sanitation 190, 646 Semisulcospira Santonin 282 coreana 548 Echinostoma ilocanum 550 libertina 548 echinostomiasis 550 Semisulcospira libertina intestinal capillariasis 550 Metagonimus yokogawai 46 Sashimi fillets 237 Serotonin Subject Index 709

Fasciola hepatica 143 Spirometra theileri fenbendazole 143 final hosts 562 metabolism of amino acids 143 frogs 562 Sheep 421-425,427-432 man 562 albendazole 126, 127 snakes 562 albendazole sulfone 126 Spirura ritypleuritis 488 albendazole sulfoxide 126 467 Avitellina 598 Spring rise 88 bunamidine hydroxynaphthoate 598 SQ 21,704 595 cambendazole 598 Dipylidium caninum 596 control strategies 114 Echinococcus granulosus 596 fenbendazole 598 hookworms 597 gastrointestinal nematodes 114, 116, Taenia hydatigena 596 415,417 Taenia pisiformis 596 Helictometra giardi 598 Taenia taeniaeformis 596 inhibited larvae 418 toxicity 597 mixed grazing 115, 116 Stellantchasmus Moniezia 598 falcatus 545 oxfendazole 598 formosanus 545 Stilesia globipunctata 598 pseudocirratus 545 Stilesia hepatica 598 Stellantochasmusfalcatus 529,548 Thysanosoma actinioides 598 hosts 527 Sheep measles 568 locality 527 Shigella 639 Stephanoprora deniticulata Shinesiba 237 pigs 526 Sigmodon hispidus 297 Stichorchis giganteus Simondsia paradoxa 464, 467 pigs 525 Small strongyles L4 445 Stichtodora fuscata 545 Small strongyles L5 445 Stictodora sawakinensis Snakes hosts 527 Spirometra theileri 562 locality 527 Sodium fluoride Stilbazium iodide ascaris 471 Ascaris lumbricoides 251 Sparganum 562,614 dosage 349 Sparganum proliferum 562 Enterobius vermicularis 251,283 Spelotrema brevicaeca 554 side effects 349 Speothus venaticus 571 trade name 657 Spiramycin Tricuris trichiura 349 Enterobius vermicularis 282 Stilesia trade name 657 ruminants 572 Spirometra Stilesia globipunctata 573 bunamidine 598 albendazole 598 dog 598 bunamidine hydroxynaphthoate 598 life cycle 561 cambendazole 598 mansonoides 614 cattle 598 praziquantel 598 fenbendazole 598 proliferum 614 niclosamide 598 Spirometra erinacei 561 praziquantel 598 nitroscanate 587 sheep 598 praziquantel 588 Stilesia hepatica 573 Spirometra mansonoides 562 albendazole 598 bunamidine hydrochloride 585 bunamidine hydroxynaphthoate 598 cats 561 cattle 598 dogs 561 nic10samide 583, 590 geographical distribution 561 praziquantel 590, 598 pigs 561 sheep 598 710 Subject Index

Strephanopharynx compacta 522 apes 33 Streptomyces avermitilis 479 human infections 33 avermectins 129 prevalence 313 Streptomyces chrestomyceticus 595 Strongyloides papil/osus Streptomyces griseocarneus 595 phenothiazine 413 Streptomyces lisandri 595 tiabendazole 421 Streptomyces rimosus 595 Strongyloides ransomi 464 Streptomyces rimosus forma adult worms 465 paromomycinus cambendazole 472 paromomycin 160 colostrum 465 Strongyles dichlorvos 472 drug resistance 448 febantel 472 Strongylidae 443 fenbendazole 472 epidemiology 444 flubendazole 472 prevention 444 haloxon 472 treatment 444 infective larvae 465 Strongylinae levamisole 472, 474 egg output 444 mebendazole 472 epidemiology 444 oxfendazole 472 prepatent period 444 oxibendazole 472 Strongyloides 83 parbendazole 472 albendazole 414-417,426,455 pathogenicity 465 bephenium 414,415 piperazine 472 bromoxanide 415 prepatend period 469 cambendazole 452,476 pyrantel 472 clioxanide 415,417 tiabendazole 472 closantel 415 transplacental infection 465 coumafos 414 treatment frequency 469 dichlorvos 450 trichlorfon 472 disophenol 415 Strongyloides spp. dithiazanine 492 colostrum 85 febantel 414-417,432,455,478 Strongyloides stercoralis 1,183,339,488, fenbendazole 414-417,423,454,477 633 fenclofos 414,415 albendazole 318,319 flubendazole 478 amidantel 204 haloxon 414,415 apes 33 incidence 464 assessment 320 ivermectin 414-417,455,456 autoinfective cycle 308 levamisole 414-417,430,451 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 315 mebendazole 415,453,477 bismuth carbonate 315 metyridine 414,415 cambendazole 319 migrating larvae 453 cambendazole, mebendazole, and morantel 414,415,417 tinidazole 328 naftalofos 414,415 cambendazole and mebendazole 327 nitroxynil 414,415,417 clinical profile 311 oxfendazole 414-417,425,454,477 contraindications 320 oxibendazole 414-417,424,454 control 34 parbendazole 414-417,422,476 coproculture 189 phenothiazine 14,415,449 defense mechanisms 311 pyrantel 414,415,417,451 diagnosis 4, 311 rafoxanide 414-416 direct parasitic cycle 308 thiophanate 414-417 dithiazanine iodide 315-317 tiabendazole 414,415,452,475 dogs 33 tioxidazole 455 dosage 320 trichlorfon 414,415,449,471 eggs 312 Strongyloides folleborni 183, 307, 308 epidemiology 34, 309 Subject Index 711

fenbendazole 320, 321 arecoline acetarsol 580 free-living cycle 309 arecoline hydro bromide 577 free-living females 308 bunamidine 598 free-living generations 34 bunamidine hydrochloride 585 gentian violet 314 bunamidine hydroxynaphthoate 587 geographical distribution 33,312 crassiceps 589, 593, 594, 614 host 309 cysticercus 614 human infections 33 Cysticercus bovis 567 immunology 311 Cysticercus cellulosae 567 levamisole 322, 323 Cysticercus fasciolaris 567 life cycle 308 Cysticercus ovis 567 mass treatment 276 Cysticercus pisiformis 567 mebendazole 225, 323 Cysticercus tenuicollis 567 mode of administration 320 definitive host 567 pathology 310 dichlorophen 581 precautions 320 diuredosan 598 prevalence 313 dog 598 pyrantel pamoate 325 geographical distribution 567 pyrvinium pamoate 317 hydatigena 567,577,585,587,589,594, side effects 320 596 the parthenogenetic females 307 Hymenolepis nana 596 tiabendazole 274, 325, 326, 496 intermediate host 567 tiabendazole and levamisole 232 mebendazole 593, 594 transmission 34 multiceps 585 Strongyloides westeri 443, 445, 448 niclosamide 582,598,614,615,624 Strongyloidiasis 307 nitroscanate 587,588,598 chemotherapy 4, 34 ovis 567, 577, 594 health education 34 pisiformis 567,577,585,587, 589, 593, immunological resistance of the host 596 34 praziquantel 589,598,622,624 prevalences 33 preferred site of larva 567 Strongyloids saginata 567, 589, 594, 613-615, 617, ivermectin 479 622 prevalences 184 serialis 577 Strongylus edentatus 443, 445 solium 567,613-615,617,622 Strongylus equinus 443, 445 SQ 21,704 596 Strongylus vulgaris 443, 445 taeniaeformis 567, 585, 589, 593, 596 Stunting type of larval stage 567 Ostertagia ostertagi 85 Taenia crassiceps Styrylpyridinium 492 cambendazole 591 Substituted phenols Taenia hydatigena 568 fascioliasis 532 cambendazole 591 Haemonchus contortus 532 cattle 568 intestinal trematodes 532 Cysticercus tenuicollis 568 tapeworms 532 fospirate 597 toxic effects 532 goats 568 Suchi 237 niclosamide 582 Sunomono 237 oxfendazole 591 Syngamus trachea pigs 568 mebendazole 149,170 sheep 568 Syphacia muris Taenia krabbei 568 mebendazole 149 Taenia multiceps Syphacia obvelata coenurus 614 albendazole 202 Coenurus cerebralis 570 Taenia ovis 564 Taenia 189, 575, 596 Cysticercus ovis 568 712 Subject Index

Taenia ovis niclosamide 582, 598 niclosamide 582 nitroscanate 588 Taenia pisiformis 568 paromomycin 595 albendazole 202 praziquante1 598, 620 axenomycins 595 strobilocercus 563 praziquantel 163 Taeniarynchus saginatus 569 Taenia saginara Taeniidae 565 chemotherapy 4 coenurus 566 mebendazole 4 cysticercus 566 Taenia saginata diagnosis 566 albendazole 593 domesticated animals 567 cattle 56 hydatid 566 clinical manifestations 56 strobilocercus 566 control 56 Tapeworm 495 cysticercus bovis 55, 569 ticarbodine 500 diagnosis 56 Tapeworm infections 558, 559 eggs 55,56 animals 557 enzyme electrophoresis 56 arecoline 557 epidemiology 55, 58 dichlorophen 557 geographical distribution 54 economic importance 557 immunity 57,569 kamala 557 life cycle 58 kousso 557 life cylce 54 morphology 54, 57 lead arsenate 557 praziquantel 5 male fern 557 prevention 56 man 613 proglottids 54-56, 58 mepacrine 557 transmission 2 niclosamide 534 Taenia serialis panna 557 Coenurus serialis 570 paramphistomes 532 Taenia solium 59 pomegranate root bark 557 autoinfections 58 powdered areca nut 557 chemotherapy 4 pumpkin seeds 557 clinical manifestations 58 salicylanilides 532 control 58 substituted phenols 532 cysticercus cellulosae 58, 569 tin compounds 557 diagnosis 56 turpentine 557 eggs 2,56,618 TeE 306 enzyme electrophoresis 56 Trichinella spiralis 333 epidemiology 58 TED3 geographical distribution 54, 57 Enterobius vermicularis 282 life cycle 54, 57, 58 Tenebrio molitor mebendazole 4,618 Hymenolepis diminuta 51 morphology 54, 57 Teranova 14 niclosamide 618 anisakiasis 12 praziquantel 5 decipiens 12 prevention 58 eggs 13 proglottids 54, 58 epidemiology 13 transmission 2 first intermediate hosts 13 Taenia spp. 213 geographical distribution 12 dog 558 life cycle 13 Taenia taeniaeformis 569 morphology 13 bunamidine 598 second intermediate hosts 13 cats 598 second-stage larva 13 Cysticercus fasciolaris 570 Ternidens 646 Hymenolepis nana 595 Ternidens deminutus 183, 193 Hymenolopis diminuta 595 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 329 Subject Index 713

carbon tetrachloride 329 Uncinaria stenocephala 493 diagnosis 328 Thenium closylate 493 eggs 35 Thenium closylate + piperazine geographical distribution 34, 329 ascarids 497 host 328 dosage regime 497 life cycle 35 formulation 497 morphology 35 hookworms 497 oil of chenopodium 329 indications 497 prevalence 34, 329 supplier 497 pyrantel pamoate 329 tradename 497, 657 tiabendazole 329 Thiaridae 546 Ternidens or false hookworm infection Thiophanate 134 328 Ascaris 479 Tetrachlorethylene 167,491 Bunostomum 414-417 fasciolopiasis 525 Chabertia 15,417 Fasciolopsis buski 525, 531 Cooperia spp. 412,414,417 hookworm 531 dosage regime 470 Tetrachloroethylene formulations 419,470 Ancylostoma duodenale 198 fungi 170 assessment 198 Gaigeria 415,417 contraindications 199 Haemonchus 414-417 cost 641 Hyostrongylus 479 dosage 198 Nematodirus 414-417 echinostomiasis 549 Oesophagostomum 414-417,479 efficacy 641 Ostertagia 414-417 Fasciolopsis buski 543 Ostertagia ostertagi 412,418 Gastrodiscoides hominis 551 pharmacokinetics 171 Heterophyes heterophyes 547 product names 419 hookworms 197-199 resistance 413 length of treatment 641 Strongyloides 414-417 mass treatment 640,641 suppliers 419,470 Metagonimus yokogawai 547 toxicology 171 mode of administration 198 trade name 470 Nanophyetes salmincolla 528 Trichostrongylus 414-417 Necator americanus 198 Trichuris 479 precautions 199 Threadworms side effects 199,641 dithiazanine iodide 497 Tetrahydropyrimidines 428,450,470, Thymol 474,494,515 Fasciolopsis buski 543 Tetrameres americana Gastrodiscoides hominis 551 mebendazole 513 hookworms 202 Tetramisole 4,146,217,357,474,495 mass treatment 640 activity 145 Trichinella spiralis 333 Echinochasmus 535 Thysanoessa inermis 237 echinostomiasis 528 Thysanoessa raschii 237 Globocephalus urosubulatus 475 Thysanosoma mode of action 148 cambendazole 591 paralysis 148 dichlorophen 581 paramphistomes 523 ruminants 572 trade name 657 Thysanosoma actinioides 573, 593 Trichinella spiralis 334 albendazole 593, 598 Trichuris 475 bunamidine hydroxynaphthoate 598 Tetrathyridium 564 cattle 598 Thenium niclosamide 583, 590 Ancylostoma caninum 493 praziquantel 590, 598 contraindications 493 sheep 598 714 Subject Index

Tiabendazole 292,294,306,427,590 mass treatment 640,641 absorption 168 membrane resistance 127 Ancylostoma braziliense 496 metabolites 168 Angiostrongylus cantonensis 299 milk 168 Angiostrongylus costaricensis 298 mode of action 169 Ascaridia 507, 509 mode of administration 275,293,327, Ascaridia columbae 512 337, 367 Ascaridia galli 512 Nematodirus 414,415,421 Ascaris 475 Nippostrongylus brasiliensis 169 Ascaris lumbricoides 274 nocodazole 170 Ascaris suum 472 Oesophagostomum 414,415,472,475 Aspiculuris tetraptera 170 Oesophagostomum radiatum 421 assessment 230, 274, 293, 303, 336, 366 Ostertagia 414,415,421 Bunostomum 414,415 ovicidal 476 Bunostomum phlebotomum 421 Oxyuris 452 Capillaria 507, 509 Oxyuris equi L4 445 Capillaria obsignata 512 Oxyuris equi L5 445 Capillaria philippinensis 301, 303 Parascaris 452 Chabertia 15 Parascaris equorum L4 445 Chabertia ovina 421 Parascaris equorum L5 445 chelating agent 167 periodic deworming 631 chickens 512 pharmacokinetics 168 contraindications 232,275,293, 304, pigeons 512 327, 367 plasma 168 Cooperia 414,415,421 precautions 232,275,293,304,327, cost 641 367 cutaneous larva migrans 4 Probstmayra vivipara 445 cytochrome P-450 168 Probstmayria 452 dosage 231,275,293,304,327,337, product names 419 367,470 side effects 231,275,293,304,327,337, Draschia megastoma 445 367,641 drug resistance 412,447 small strongyles 447 efficacy 641 small strongyles L4 445 Enterobius vermicularis 293 small strongyles L5 445 eurytremiasis 524 Strongyloides 414,415,452,475 excretion 168 Strongyloides papillosus 421 Fasciola hepatica 169 Strongyloides ransomi 472 formulations 419,446,470,509 Strongyloides stercoralis 274, 325-327, fumarate reductase 169 496 Fungi 170 Strongyloides westeri 445 gaigeria 415 strongyloidiasis 4 Gaigeria pachyscelis 421 Strongylus edentatus 445 Gnathostoma 296 Strongylus equinus 445 Habronema spp. 445 Strongylus vulgaris 445 Haemonchus 414,415,421 suppliers 419,446,470,509 Haemonchus contortus 168-170 Ternidens deminutus 329 Heterakis 507 toxicology 169 hookworms 230 Toxocara canis 496 5-hydroxylation 168 trade names 446,470,509,657 Hymenolepis diminuta 169 Trichinella spiralis 274, 333, 336, 475 Hyostrongylus 475 Trichostrongylus 274,341,414,415, Hystrongylus rubidus 472 421 larva migrans 274 Trichostrongylus axei 445 length of treatment 641 Trichostrongylus colubriformis 168, 169 levamisole-resistant O. circumcincta Trichuris 421 430 Trichuris suis 472 Subject Index 715

Trichuris trichiura 366, 367 Oesophagostomum 431 Trichuris vulpis 496 Ostertagia 431 tubulin 170 Trichostrongylus 431 Tiabendazole and levamisole Trichuris 431 Ancylostoma duodenale 232 Tioxidazole Ascaris lumbricoides 232 Draschia 455 dosage 233 Draschia megastoma 445 mode of administration 233 Habronema 455 Necator americanus 232 Habronema spp. 445 side effects 233 hookworms 500 Strongyloides stercoralis 232 Oxyuris 455 Tiabendazole and pyrvinium pamoate Oxyuris equi L4 445 assessment 233 Oxyuris equi L5 445 dosage 233 Parascaris 455 hookworms 233 Parascaris equorum L4 445 mode of administration 233 Parascaris equorum L5 445 side effects 233 Probstmayra vivipara 445 Trichuris trichiura 367 small strongyles L4 445 Tiabendazole + piperazine small strongyles L5 445 dosage 446 Strongyloides 455 formulation(s) 446 Strongyloides westeri 445 supplier(s) 446 Strongylus edentatus 445 trade name 446, 658 Strongylus equinus 445 Tiabendazole + trichlorfon Strongylus vulgaris 445 dosage 446 Toxascaris leonina 500 formulation(s) 446 Trichostrongylus 455 supplier(s) 446 Trichostrongylus axei 445 trade name 446 Trichuris vulpis 500 Ticarbodine Toxascaris leonina 2,247,488,640 ascarids 500 nitrodan 493 hookworms 500 nitroscanate 496, 587 tapeworms 500 paratenic hosts 489 Trichuris vulpis 500 tioxidazole 500 Tiger Toxicology 134,147,171 fenbendazole 499 albendazole 127 levamisole 496 amidantel 129 Tilapa nilotica amoscanate 128 Heterophyes heterophyes 45 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 132 Tilapia mozambica 550 bithionol 132 Corbicula lindoensis 42 bitoscanate 133 Tilapia nilotica 547 ciclobendazole 136 Tin 613 closantel 136 Tin compounds 581 dichlorophen 138 tapeworm infections 557 disophenol 139 Tinidazole 294 febantel 141 Tinidazole and flubendazole fenbendazole 143 assessment 234 flubendazole 144 giardiasis 234 mebendazole 150 hookworms 234 metrifonate 153 side effects 234 morantel 154 Tiophanate niclosamide 154 Chabertia 431 organic phosphorus compounds 409 Cooperia 431 oxfendazole 157 embryotoxic effect 431 oxibendazole 158 Haemonchus 431 parbendazole 159 Nematodirus 431 phenothiazine 409 716 Subject Index

Toxicology levamisole 334, 335 piperazine 161 life cycle 35 praziquantel 162 mebendazole 334-336 pyrantel 165 metronidazole 333 rafoxanide 166 metyridine 334 tiabendazole 169 morphology 35 Toxocara organophosphorous compounds 334 albendazole 499 parbendazole 334 Ancylostoma caninum 499 pathology 330 hygiene 489 phenothiazine 333 larvae 489 piperazine 334 periodic deworming 489 prevalence 332 piperazine 491 pyrantel pamoate 334, 336 somatic larvae 499 TeE 333 Toxocara canis 84,487,640 tetramisole 334 albendazole 202 thymol 333 amidantel 204 tiabendazole 274, 333, 336, 475 diagnosis 247 trichinellosis 37 endocrinal signals 634 Trichinellosis 35 life cycle 488 immunity 37 metyridine 493 Trichiuriasis nitrodan 493 prevalence 632 nitroscanate 496, 587 tiabendazole 496 Trichlorfon 200, 252, 452, 456 Toxocara cati 487-489, 640 Amidostomum 508 diagnosis 247 Amidostomum anseris 512 nitroscanate 588 Ascaris suum 471, 472 Toxocara spp. 2 Ascarops strongylina 471 arrested development 79 Bunostomum 414,415 Traditional drugs 250 Chabertia 415 Traditional natural drugs 196 Cooperia 414,415 Trapa dosage 446, 470 bicomis 544 Draschia megastoma 445 notans 544 formulation 446,470,509 Tribolium spp. Gaigeria 415 Hymenolepis diminuta 51 Gasterophilus 449 Tribolodon hakonensis 548 geese 512 Trichinella Habronema spp. 445 trichlorfon 471 Haemonchus 414,415,420 Trichinella nativa Hyostrongylus 471 trichinellosis 37 Hystrongylus rubidus 472 Trichinella nelsoni Nematodirus 414,415 trichinellosis 37 Oesophagostomum 414,415,471,472 Trichinella spiralis 2, 183, 464, 467, 488 Ostertagia 414,415 betanaphthol 333 Oxyuris equi 449 cambendazole 334 Oxyuris equi L4 445 clinical profile 331 Oxyuris equi L5 445 clofazole 334 paramphistomes 523, 535 diagnosis 331 Parascaris 449 diethylcarbamazine 334 Parascaris equorum L4 445 dithiazanine 334 Parascaris equorum L5 445 epidemiology 36, 330 Probstmayra vivipara 445 fenbendazole 334 small strongyles 449 flubendazole 334, 335 small strongyles L4 445 geographical distribution 35, 332 small strongyles L5 445 hexylresorcinol 333 Strongyloides 414,415,449,471 host 330 Strongyloides ransomi 472 Subject Index 717

Strongyloides westeri 445 levamiso1e 340,414-417,430,433,451 Strongylus edentatus 445 1evamiso1e pour-on formulation 409 Strongylus equinus 445 life cycle 38, 338 Strongylus vulgaris 445 mebendazole 225,341,415,453 supplier 446, 470, 509 metyridine 414,415 trade name 446,470,509 morantel 414,415,417,429 Trichinella 471 morphology 38 Trichostrongylus 414,415 naftalofos 414,415 Trichostrongylus axei 445 nitroxynil 414,415,417 Trichuris suis 472 orientalis 38 Trichuris suiss 471 oxfendazole 414-418,425,426,433 Trichodectes spp. oxibendazole 414-417,424 Diphilobothrium latum 50 parasite 337 Trichonema spp. parbendazole 414-417,421,422,453 phenothiazine 82 phenothiazine 14,413,415 Trichostrogylus retortaeJormis prevalence 339 self-cure 73 prevention 39 Trichostrongyliasis 337 probolurus 38 Trichostrongylosis pyrantel 341,414,415,417,428 tiabendazole 274 pyrantel and oxante1 341 Trichostrongylus 193, 646 rafoxanide 414-416 albendazole 414-417,426,427 skrajabini 38 arrested development 79 thiophanate 414-417,431 axei 38 tiabendazole 341,414,415,421 benzimidazole-resistant strains 410, tioxidazole 455 426 trichlorfon 414,415 Bephenium 414,415 vitrinus 38 Bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 340 Trichostrongylus axei 115,443 bitoscanate 340 albendazole 445 brevis 38 cambendazole 445 bromoxanide 415 dichlorvos 445 cambendazole 452 fen ban tel 445 clioxanide 415,417 fenbendazole 445, 454 closantel 415,428 haloxon 445 colubriformis 38 ivermectin 445 control 39 levamisole 445 coumafos 414 mebendazole 445 developing larvae 425 oxfendazole 445, 454 diagnosis 328, 338 oxibendazole 445, 454 dichlorvos 450 parbendazole 445 disophenol 415,420 phenothiazine 445 drug resistance 412 piperazine 445 eggs 38,39,312 pyrantel 445 epidemiology 39 tiabendazole 445 febantel 414-417,431,455 tioxidazole 445 fenbendazole 414-418,423,424 trichlorfon 445 fenclofos 414,415 Trichostrongylus colubriformis 338,410 flubendazole 340 benzimidazole-resistant 141, 410 geographical distribution 38, 339 drug resistance 412 haloxon 414,415 fenbendazole 141 hexylrescorcinol 339 host resistance 75 host 338 oxfendazole 156 inhibited larvae 424,425 resistant strains 75,411 instabilis 38 tiabendazole 168, 169 ivermectin 414-417,433,455 Trichostrongylus retortaeJormis lerouxi 38 arrested larval development 80 718 Subject Index

Trichostrongylus retortaeJormis Trichuris trichiura 228,240,272,301 host resistance 74 albendazole 204, 353 resistance to 74 bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 354 self-cure 74 Bromelain 347 worm burden 74 bromo-p-naphthol 348 Trichostrongylus rugatus 338 Chymotrypsin 347 Trichostrongylus tenuis ciclobendazole 354 mebendazole 513 control 41 Trichuriasis 39,342,467 diagnosis 345 Trichuris 489, 646 dichlorvos 350, 351 albendazole 478 diphetarsone 138, 349, 350 coumafos 418 dithiazanine iodide 352 eggs 2 dynamics of infection 343 febantel 478, 479 eggs 40,618 fenbendazole 423, 477 environmental sanitation 20 flubendazole 215,478 epidemiology 40, 344 incidence 464 flubendazole 355 ivermectin 479 geographical distribution 39, 346 levamisole 430, 475 host 344 mebendazole 4, 225, 477 Leche de higueron 347 metrifonate 200 levamisole 267,357 morantel 474 life cycle 40, 343 oxantel 474 oxfendazole 425, 477 mass chemotherapy 41 oxibendazole 424,478 mebendazole 358,362,618 parbendazole 422 metrifonate 350,351 phenothiazine 413 morphology 40, 342 pyrantel 474, 495 organophosphorous compounds 350 tetramisole 475 oxantel 362, 363 thiophanate 431,479 oxantel and pyrantel 363 tiabendazole 421, 475 oxantel pamoate 5 transmission 2 pathology 344 Trichuris muris 343 piperazine 364 Trichuris ovis 343 prevalence 20,346,347 Trichuris suis 343, 464 prevalences 29,39 adult worms 467 prevention 41 cambendazole 472 pyrantel pamoate 225, 365 clinical manifestations 467 pyrvinium pamoate 365, 366 diagnosis 467 stilbazium iodide 349 dichlorvos 472 tiabendazole 366, 367 febantel 472 tiabendazole and pyrvinium pamoate fenbendazole 472 367 flubendazole 472 transmission 40 haloxon 472, 473 Trichuris vulpis 343, 488 levamisole 472 albendazole 202 mebendazole 472 dichlorvos 494 oxfendazole 472 diuredosan 596 oxibendazole 472 metyridine 493 parbendazole 472 nitroscanate 496, 587, 588 piperazine 472 praziquantel 164 prepatent period 469 tiabendazole 496 pyrantel 472 ticarbodine 500 tiabendazole 472 tioxidazole 500 treatment frequency 469 Triodontophorus spp. trichlorfon 472 dichlorvos 450 Trichuris suiss pyrantel 451 trichlorfon 471 Trithemis pallidinervis 553 Subject Index 719

Trochocorbis trochoideus Vaginulus plebeius 11, 297 Fasciolopsis buski 43 Vibrio 639 Tubulin Vincofos 493 Ascaris suum 143 Viruses 639 brain 143, 151, 170 487 fungi 170 Vitamin A 18 mebendazole 151 Vitamin B12 oxfendazole 157 Diphyllobothrium latum 561,615 parbendazole 159 Diphylobothrium lalum 49 tiabendazole 170 Tunnel anemia 191 Wallabies Turkey Echinococcus granulosus 571 Amoebotaenia sphenoide 598 Whipworm 467,495 Choanotaenia infundibulum 598 Whipworms 489, 494 Cotugnia digonopora 598 dichlorvos 498 Davainea 598 dithiazanine 492 Fimbriaria fasciolaris 598 dithiazanine iodide 497 Hymenolepis 598 fenbendazole 498 Metroliasthes lucida 598 levamisole 498 Raillietina 598 mebendazole 498, 499 Turkeys methyl benzene 492 Ascaridia dissimilis 505 nitroscanate 498 Davainea meleagridis 574 prevalences 184 gastrointestinal nematodes 508 pyrantel pamoate 498 levamisole 516 pyrantel + oxantel 498 metyridine 511 symptoms 184 parbendazole 512 Wildcat piperazine 510 fenbendazole 499 Turpentine Worm load tapeworm infections 557 symptoms 184 Worm trinity 646 Uncinaria piperazine 491 Xenopsylla cheopis Uncinaria stenocephala 488, 489 Hymenolepis diminuta 51 amidantel 204 Xerophthalmia disophenol 139 ascariasis 18 nitrodan 493 nitroscanate 496, 587 Yeast 639 thenium 493 Uncinariasis 191 Zizania aquatica 544 Necator americanus 26 Zoonotic helminthic infections 2 Uredofos 493 Zygocotyle lunata 522 trade name 658 galliformes 530 Urethane group hosts 530 Enterobius vermicularis 283 Zygodontomys microtinus 297 Volume 37 Volume 49 Handbook of Angiotensin Ergot Alkaloids and Experimental Related Compounds Volume 38: Part 1 Pharmacology Antineoplastic and Immunosuppressive Volume 50: Part 1 Continuation of Inflammation "Handbuch der Agents I experimentellen Part 2 Part 2 Phannakologie" Antineoplastic and Anti-Inflammatory Dmgs Immunosuppressive Editorial Board Agents II G. V. R Born, A. Farah, Volume 51 Uric Acid H.Herken, A.D. Welch Volume 39 Antihypertensive Agents Volume 52 Volume 40 Snake Venoms Organic Nitrates Volume 53 Volume 41 Pharmacology of Gang- Hypolipidemic Agents Iionic Transmission

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